436 lines
46 KiB
XML
436 lines
46 KiB
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<mods:title id="CBCB834DE7EA71A8B0B18245DCB4AA7B">Monograph of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region, with the description of a new species from Mayotte</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672093FB3D88BBFB7F" box="[252,697,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<collectorName id="E551535EFFE253672093FB3D8B77FB7F" box="[252,373,1222,1246]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">L. J. Gillespie</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="E551535EFFE253672113FB3D8BE1FB7F" box="[380,483,1222,1246]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">G. A. Levin</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="E551535EFFE253672190FB3D887AFB7F" box="[511,632,1223,1246]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">J.Razanatsoa</collectorName>
|
||
19808
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2EB5AE4DFFE2536722ABFB3C88FEFB7F" box="[708,764,1222,1246]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">CAN</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<location id="4D7B6053FFE2536720EDFB1B8B7EFB58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C00D879EFFE25366208BFC4D8F08FED0:4D7B6053FFE2536720EDFB1B8B7EFB58" box="[130,380,1249,1273]" country="Madagascar" county="Type" latitude="-23.65" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="44.55" municipality="Haute Matsiatra region" name="Atsimo-Andrefana region" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Atsimo-Andrefana region</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A60F86AFFE2536721E6FB1B880EFB58" box="[393,524,1249,1273]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Toliara prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="4D7B6053FFE253672272FB1B8900FB59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C00D879EFFE25366208BFC4D8F08FED0:4D7B6053FFE253672272FB1B8900FB59" box="[541,770,1249,1273]" country="Madagascar" county="Type" latitude="-23.65" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="44.55" municipality="Haute Matsiatra region" name="Beza Mahafaly Reserve" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Beza Mahafaly Reserve</location>
|
||
, near Betioky, parcelle 1, Along the
|
||
<location id="4D7B6053FFE25367218BFB018878FAB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C00D879EFFE25366208BFC4D8F08FED0:4D7B6053FFE25367218BFB018878FAB2" box="[484,634,1275,1299]" country="Madagascar" county="Type" latitude="-23.65" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="44.55" municipality="Haute Matsiatra region" name="Sakamena river" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Sakamena river</location>
|
||
bank,
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE2536722AFFB018906FAB2" box="[704,772,1275,1299]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="140.0">
|
||
<elevation id="C389D1BBFFE2536722AFFB018906FAB2" box="[704,772,1275,1299]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D90504FFFE2536720E9FAEF8AFAFA8C" box="[134,248,1301,1325]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-23.65">23°38’60”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D90504FFFE25367216EFAEF8B70FA8C" box="[257,370,1301,1325]" degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" precision="15" seconds="60" value="44.55">44°32’60”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3C1A1048FFE253672112FAEC8BE7FA8F" box="[381,485,1302,1326]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" value="1987-11-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2C5EE9A0FFE253672112FAEC8BE7FA8F" box="[381,485,1302,1326]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" value="1987-11-02">2.XI.1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672183FAEC88AEFA8F" box="[492,684,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<collectorName id="E551535EFFE253672183FAEC8876FA8C" box="[492,628,1301,1325]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">P.B. Phillipson</collectorName>
|
||
2503
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, US, WAG); Plateau calcaire au N de la basse vallée
|
||
<collectorName id="E551535EFFE25367221BFACA8903FAE9" box="[628,769,1328,1352]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">du Fiherenana</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE2536720EBFAB18AF6FAC3" box="[132,244,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="C389D1BBFFE2536720EBFAB18AF6FAC3" box="[132,244,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3C1A1048FFE253672090FAB18B40FAC2" box="[255,322,1355,1379]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" value="1947-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2C5EE9A0FFE253672090FAB18B40FAC2" box="[255,322,1355,1379]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" value="1947-01">I.1947</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672121FAB1880BFAC3" box="[334,521,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
H.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE253672101FAB08BC6FAC3" authorityName="Wahl & Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[366,452,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
|
||
19866
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P[P00324585])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1CDB6600FFE253672351FB118FA2FB5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209323" box="[830,1440,1259,1276]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209323/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" startId="64.[830,841,1259,1276]" targetBox="[813,1456,215,1217]" targetPageId="64" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE253672351FB118FA2FB5D" blockId="64.[830,1440,1259,1276]" box="[830,1440,1259,1276]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672351FB118954FB5A" baselines="1272,1272" box="[830,854,1259,1276]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 48. — Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE253672453FB118F18FB5D" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[1084,1306,1259,1276]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptomyura">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672453FB118EE9FB5D" box="[1084,1259,1259,1276]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Acalypha leptomyura</emphasis>
|
||
Baill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE2536720EBFA8788C5FA35" blockId="64.[130,777,1010,2027]" box="[132,711,1404,1428]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536720EBFA878B10FA32" baselines="1422,1423" box="[132,274,1405,1428]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Iconography" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">ICONOGRAPHY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C354B79FFE253672151FA878862FA35" author="MONTERO MUNOZ I. & CARDIEL J. M. & LEVIN G. A." box="[318,608,1404,1428]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref98623" refString="MONTERO MUNOZ I., CARDIEL J. M. & LEVIN G. A. 2022. - Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from Madagascar, with notes about their conservation status. South African Journal of Botany 146: 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sajb. 2021.11.052" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Montero Muñoz
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672187FA878815FA35" box="[488,535,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="D09F2A0DFFE253672203FA8688C5FA35" box="[620,711,1404,1428]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[274,1365,216,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-17@73.[179,1409,179,1919]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 57. — Mature female bracts: A, Acalypha leptomyura Baill. (J.-N. Labat & T. Deroin 2320); B, A. levinii I.Montero & Cardiel (L. Gillespie 10809); C, A. linearifolia Leandri (G. Cours 4638); D, A. magistri I.Montero & Cardiel (D. Ravelonarivo 273); E, A. mayottensis I.Montero & Cardiel (J.-N. Labat, F. Barthelat, C.M. Hladik & A.B. Sifary 3272); F, A. medibracteata Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts (R. Decary 16103); G, A. menavody (Leandri) I.Montero & Cardiel (M. Bardot-Vaucoulon 1016); H, A. nusbaumeri I.Montero & Cardiel (L. Nusbaumer LN1169). Illustration by Iris Montero Muñoz. Scale bars: A, C, D, F, H, 1 mm; B, E, G, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209343/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Fig. 57B.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00BE6503FFE2536720EBFA558B58F9B4" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE2536720EBFA558B58F9B4" blockId="64.[130,777,1010,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536720EBFA558B02FA64" baselines="1472,1473" box="[132,256,1455,1478]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — The epithet honors Dr. Geoffrey A. Levin, codirector of the first author’s PhD dissertation. He has published many articles about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE253672127FA198B9FFA5A" box="[328,413,1507,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672127FA198B9FFA5A" box="[328,413,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Acalypha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and contributed to the knowledge of this genus worldwide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00BE6503FFE2536720EBF9CA885EF84A" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE2536720EBF9CA8ADDF936" blockId="64.[130,777,1010,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536720EBF9CA8B10F9E7" baselines="1601,1602" box="[132,274,1584,1607]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672178F9CF8B43F9E7" baselines="1602" box="[279,321,1589,1606]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672129F9CF8B9AF9E7" baselines="1602" box="[326,408,1589,1606]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="habitat" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">HABITAT</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30B37618FFE253672257F9D588A9F9E6" box="[568,683,1583,1607]" name="Madagascar" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Atsimo-Andrefana and Haute Matsiatra). Degraded sclerophyllous woodland. On basement rocks and sandstone. Altitudinal range
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE2536722FAF99E8907F9DD" box="[661,773,1636,1660]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="565.0" valueMax="990.0" valueMin="140.0">140-990 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D09F2A0DFFE2536720E3F9848AD3F936" box="[140,209,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="65.[132,143,1259,1276]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-783@65.[132,775,215,1218]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIG. 49. — Distribution map of Acalypha levinii I.Montero & Cardiel in Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209325/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE2536720EBF94B885EF84A" blockId="64.[130,777,1010,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536720EBF94B8B04F966" baselines="1730,1731" box="[132,262,1713,1736]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Preliminary" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">PRELIMINARY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672161F94C8BA4F966" baselines="1731" box="[270,422,1718,1735]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="conservation" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">CONSERVATION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536721C1F94C8826F966" baselines="1731" box="[430,548,1718,1735]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="assessment" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">ASSESSMENT</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE25367223AF94A88F2F969" authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel (P. Phillipson" authorityYear="2503" box="[597,752,1712,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="levinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE25367223AF94A88F2F969" box="[597,752,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Acalypha levinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from four collections from different localities. Its EOO is estimated to be 12
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE253672158F91F8B83F95C" box="[311,385,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="km" value="578.0">578 km</quantity>
|
||
2 and its AOO
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE25367227FF91F884CF95C" box="[528,590,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
2, which is less than the
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE2536720C6F8FA8AF5F8B9" box="[169,247,1792,1816]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="BFD19BC0FFE253672096F8FA8B00F8B0" attach="left" box="[249,258,1792,1809]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">2</superScript>
|
||
threshold of the B2 subcriterion of the Endangered category. This species grows in sclerophyllous woodlands in the highlands (see assessment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE25367211BF8CF8BF5F8EC" box="[372,503,1845,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptomyura">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE25367211BF8CF8BF5F8EC" box="[372,503,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">A. leptomyura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This species was collected in degraded forests and in both protected (community reserve and national reserve) and unprotected areas. Even in the reserves, the habitat of this species is subject to various threats (uncontrolled fires for grazing and crops), so ongoing habitat loss and degradation will cause continued decline of its EOO and AOO.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE253672234F84388F0F870" authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel (P. Phillipson" authorityYear="2503" box="[603,754,1977,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="levinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672234F84388F0F870" box="[603,754,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Acalypha levinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assessed as Endangered (EN): EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00BE6503FFE253672342FAD48FADFADA" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE253672342FAD48FADFADA" blockId="64.[811,1456,1326,1403]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672342FAD48989FAE5" baselines="1343,1344" box="[813,907,1326,1349]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE2536723E0FAC989EFFAE5" baselines="1344" box="[911,1005,1331,1348]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — 4 collections.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F8CC3CD5FFE2536724E3FAD48F64FAC1" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE2536724E3FAD48EFEFAE7" bold="true" box="[1164,1276,1326,1350]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30B37618FFE2536724E3FAD48EFEFAE7" box="[1164,1276,1326,1350]" name="Madagascar" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672567FAD48FB2FAE7" box="[1288,1456,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Gillespie, L. 10808</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2EB5AE4DFFE25367235EFAB28965FAC1" box="[817,871,1352,1376]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">CAN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672315FAB289B5FAC1" box="[890,951,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">10809</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="2EB5AE4DFFE2536723AFFAB289FAFAC1" box="[960,1016,1352,1376]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">CAN</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672466FAB28EC2FAC1" box="[1033,1216,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA44D0BFFE253672466FAB28E5DFAC1" authorityName="Wahl & Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[1033,1119,1352,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
|
||
, H. 19866
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(P[P00324585]);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F8CC3CD5FFE253672505FAB28FADFADA" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672505FAB289ACFADA" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Phillipson, P.B. 2503</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, US[US01287331], WAG[WAG.1578523]).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00BE6503FFE253662342FA4E8F08FED0" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE253672342FA4E89BFFA6D" blockId="64.[810,1458,1460,2028]" box="[813,957,1460,1486]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="4EFDA054FFE253672342FA4E89BFFA6D" baselines="1479,1479" box="[813,957,1460,1486]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="481B3688FFE253662342FA298F08FED0" blockId="64.[810,1458,1460,2028]" lastBlockId="65.[811,1456,216,370]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">
|
||
Shrubs, deciduous, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE25367246CFA298E29FA4F" box="[1027,1067,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
tall,divaricately branched,monoecious.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672345FA09898FF9AC" bold="true" box="[810,909,1523,1549]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Branches</emphasis>
|
||
red-tinged, densely pubescent with simple, curved, antrorse trichomes, glabrescent when mature.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672570F9E98FB2F98C" bold="true" box="[1311,1456,1555,1581]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Axillary buds</emphasis>
|
||
spherical, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE2536723DCF9C989F6F9EF" box="[947,1012,1587,1614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, perulate, perules 2, overlapping (superposed), membranous, brownish, sparsely hairy.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672537F9A98FAFF9CC" bold="true" box="[1368,1453,1619,1645]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Stipules</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE253672326F9898988F92C" box="[841,906,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lanceolate, apex acute, pubescent with simple, appressed trichomes.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672469F9688E5BF90D" bold="true" box="[1030,1113,1682,1708]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Petioles</emphasis>
|
||
1.5-3(-4) cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE2536724CBF9488F1FF96C" bold="true" box="[1188,1309,1714,1741]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Leaf blades</emphasis>
|
||
(3.5-)4-6.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE253672342F929898CF94C" box="[813,910,1747,1773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.0">2-3.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, membranous;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672344F908895BF8AD" bold="true" box="[811,857,1778,1804]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">base</emphasis>
|
||
rounded to subcordate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672436F9088E88F8AD" bold="true" box="[1113,1162,1778,1804]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">apex</emphasis>
|
||
slightly acuminate, acumen
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE253672343F8E8897AF88C" box="[812,888,1810,1837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="457" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, rounded to subacute, mucronate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672579F8E88F66F88D" bold="true" box="[1302,1380,1810,1836]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">margin</emphasis>
|
||
serrate to crenate, teeth subrounded, slightly reddish, callose-edged;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672341F8A889C6F8CD" bold="true" box="[814,964,1874,1900]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">upper surface</emphasis>
|
||
laxly pubescent with simple, erect trichomes and subsessile reddish glandular trichomes;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672493F8888F88F82D" bold="true" box="[1276,1418,1906,1932]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">lower surface</emphasis>
|
||
indumentum similar to that on upper surface but denser, axils of secondary veins with hair-tuft domatia; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3, secondary veins 5-6 per side.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE253672506F82B8FB2F84A" bold="true" box="[1385,1456,2001,2027]" pageId="64" pageNumber="457">Stipels</emphasis>
|
||
filiform, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662090FACE8B57FAEF" box="[255,341,1332,1358]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662190FACE8897FAEF" bold="true" box="[511,661,1332,1358]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
spiciform, androgynous, and solitary female bracts, mainly axillary, some androgynous inflorescences terminal.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE35366227AFA898ACBFA0F" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Androgynous inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662083FA6E8B23FA0F" box="[236,289,1428,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, mostly male with short female segment; subsessile,peduncle to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662107FA4E8BBBFA6F" box="[360,441,1460,1486]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; rachis indumentum similar to that on petiole.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE35366212EFA298BEEFA4C" bold="true" box="[321,492,1491,1517]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Female segment</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662261FA298855FA4F" box="[526,599,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536622FAFA2988D7FA4C" bold="true" box="[661,725,1491,1517]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">bracts</emphasis>
|
||
1-4, sessile to slightly petiolate, enlarging in fruit to 10 ×
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536622DFFA098900F9AF" box="[688,770,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, oblate to suborbicular, indumentum similar to that on leaves and ciliate, glabrescent; margin dentate, teeth
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662208F9CE8875F9EC" box="[615,631,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">c.</emphasis>
|
||
15, rounded, callose-edged, slightly reddish, central tooth not prominent;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536620E9F9898AF2F92C" bold="true" box="[134,240,1651,1677]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">bracteoles</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662151F9898BD3F92C" bold="true" box="[318,465,1651,1677]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Male segment</emphasis>
|
||
persistent, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE35366220FF9898896F92C" box="[608,660,1651,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; flowers glomerate;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE35366217AF9698B57F90C" bold="true" box="[277,341,1683,1709]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">bracts</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662119F9688BCBF90C" box="[374,457,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lanceolate, sparsely hairy.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536620EDF9488B6BF96C" bold="true" box="[130,361,1714,1741]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Solitary female bracts</emphasis>
|
||
sessile, similar to those of androgynous inflorescences.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE35366214EF9298BA8F94D" bold="true" box="[289,426,1746,1773]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Male flowers</emphasis>
|
||
: pedicel to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE35366224EF9288874F94C" box="[545,630,1746,1773]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sparsely hairy;buds to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE35366217FF9088B66F8AC" box="[272,356,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter,sparsely hairy, papillose.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536622D5F9088AD2F88D" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Female flowers</emphasis>
|
||
1 per bract, sessile;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536621FBF8E88BD0F88D" bold="true" box="[404,466,1810,1836]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">sepals</emphasis>
|
||
3, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662263F8E8885CF88C" box="[524,606,1810,1837]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, triangular, sparsely hairy;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662149F8C88B63F8ED" bold="true" box="[294,353,1842,1868]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">ovary</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662107F8C98B7BF8ED" box="[360,377,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536621EEF8C88BC0F8EC" box="[385,450,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, 3-lobed, apparently smooth, surface hispid with simple, erect trichomes to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536622A7F8A8890BF8CC" box="[712,777,1874,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536620AFF8888AF8F82D" bold="true" box="[192,250,1906,1932]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">styles</emphasis>
|
||
3, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662159F8888B74F82D" box="[310,374,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, slightly connate at base, sparsely hairy, each divided into
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE3536621ECF8698B96F80D" box="[387,404,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">c.</emphasis>
|
||
12 segments.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662244F86B8905F80A" bold="true" box="[555,775,1937,1963]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Allomorphic flowers</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536620E9F8288AD0F84D" box="[134,210,2002,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, similar to those of normal flowers; ovary 1-lobed, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662456FF228E7AFF53" box="[1081,1144,216,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, hispid with simple, erect trichomes to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662381FF028E2CFEB3" box="[1006,1070,248,274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; style 1, to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536624B4FF0D8F19FEB3" box="[1243,1307,247,274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, sparsely hairy.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662300FEED89CDFE90" bold="true" box="[879,975,279,305]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Capsules</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE353662399FEED8E49FE93" box="[1014,1099,279,306]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae rounded, surface densely pubescent with simple trichomes.
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662344FEAD8965FED0" bold="true" box="[811,871,343,369]" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD0EA9AFFE353662300FEA2897DFED0" box="[879,895,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="458">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="8F5C9B6DFFE3536623ADFEAD8E1BFED3" box="[962,1049,343,370]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, subglobose, foveolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |