treatments-xml/data/AA/26/96/AA26967EA4D02BB12879BCF9CE1FCF86.xml

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<mods:title id="816D5E3FE409F2DCC8E1BC5E9B57D6CF">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="52BD2B0FFA98EF8045097624C01F7D2D">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="6B0CB16EBC68401BE344B1EB6196B676" ID-CoL="3GTH" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6E2AA2F4E2FE96F08D53E2EA1008858" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis</emphasis>
Linnaeus 1758
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0EE8BA93899C39BEB950A41E07D7F50D" pageNumber="574" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A4FE00C8D5BC7CF2DBE245AECDCD25F" pageNumber="574">
<treatmentCitation id="5B5C723A6EFC201145EFF2705BE5BAF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3915956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3915956" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56A79345-4B80-4BB2-AA00-6841382AEC05" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/491689E0A3DE1B72A3DA676B03F72DB8" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="38" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Canis" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="CD728F398043354F08F8A5E802DE12FB" ID-CoL="3GTH" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8717500A072328DFBD3615FA661B6A8D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F66CDFD77B2147E3D67B90FEBF3F2E84" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibCitation id="1B317FB9D3113385FF330F99E213104D" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="574" pagination="38" title="Canis" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 38</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FBB1EEF68D8884DCCE0EAE117E29093D" pageNumber="574" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="B463FB844570ACAC19E8BC52BE8D817D" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="17CF9C246942AE8736F98EEED187DFD9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="574">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B20B6FE897F5C17F550BCE482A529156" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="familiaris">
<emphasis id="0CB682019E25D63723F288A0F30BC9B2" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis familiaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D1F12099C9F95D6FC1540BAA4F17F8E" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D01AF1F1F9FE8BCDE2149F23F532E356" pageNumber="574" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="7C99FEC5F63CA8BB15601CC3C527735F" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="1D27AEB2A4774ABE24708D7140F8149E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="574">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="943D7BAB61071AABB5A99DA64C615741" authority="Hilzheimer 1906" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Alopedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E93035021C69BDA1217F7CD49E14F0C0" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Alopedon</emphasis>
Hilzheimer 1906
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="77DBD9E5F826E55B1CFD490DA6A307BF" authority="Rafinesque 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Alopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3B07B432088515E32A153BC3E98AF10B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Alopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B6F0F5449F83FE66F5C835F7A0166DB7" author="Rafinesque, C. S." refId="ref295952" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature. Palerme, 244 p." year="1815">Rafinesque 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="0CA38FFA8CA7858A3991B7CB7AFD6725" authority="C. E. H. Smith 1839" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Chaon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F301B41EB0ED61170A144894BA92FEB4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Chaon</emphasis>
C. E. H. Smith 1839
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="A263A90B90C2E1B88E5A85A4D8E450FE" authority="Krumbiegel 1953" authorityName="Krumbiegel" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Dasycyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9A23E11962D19C0F1B50A92DC7130BC1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Dasycyon</emphasis>
Krumbiegel 1953
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="5AD0435D36D87DCED69094B9C9334716" authority="Bray 1869" authorityName="Bray" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Dieba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8387F6D739F700070AEA5CF1A849F33D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Dieba</emphasis>
Bray 1869
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="D65D4B34966E10E035CE4B96FF64B258" authority="Hilzheimer 1906" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lupulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59076F42911E36ECFA3C5DDE50901DCD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Lupulella</emphasis>
Hilzheimer 1906
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="31B2FE75C5BD5DF7912AE3500925A748" authority="Gervais 1855" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lupulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C31DA4C9A4B63ABE43A65E0C34DA78E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Lupulus</emphasis>
Gervais 1855
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="8984CF522F0225609238189A5389A13B" authority="Oken 1816" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lupus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="647903ADDFF62BA17069ED54DFFE0452" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Lupus</emphasis>
Oken 1816
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="62EDDFCB6AD5794C412A2A39436630AB" authority="C. E. H. Smith 1839" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lyciscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23B24B99B0212E169C4B17C751715F23" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Lyciscus</emphasis>
C. E. H. Smith 1839
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="468E1AD1F3519D98D77A4E520C8D0A38" authority="Herrera 1899" authorityName="Herrera" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Mamcanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9CDD76BB24A96D0E45583E1F2173227" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Mamcanisus</emphasis>
Herrera 1899
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="9512E34B15CAE01E68D9AF5BE9EE3D37" authority="Gray 1868" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Neocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="80D67F3F294CB8B5D56A33893686D3D3" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Neocyon</emphasis>
Gray 1868
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="1BE46C5FA34B83E6444E90C3D6E799E0" authority="Krumbiegel 1949" authorityName="Krumbiegel" authorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Oreocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BA3A9D87A217DD8B2FD8013B6F14F66E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Oreocyon</emphasis>
Krumbiegel 1949
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="392011A50230EF127BB6728EF0347888" authority="Hodgson 1841" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Oxygous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4650258C1058B7C104D85791F19E56F0" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Oxygous</emphasis>
Hodgson 1841
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="6E2371346D87C85FD41EEA7C31562466" authority="C. E. H. Smith 1839" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Sacalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF25A5EE9A012354779720017C70182F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Sacalius</emphasis>
C. E. H. Smith 1839
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="183D9CB26119968F7DA8707A596425D5" authority="Hilzheimer 1906" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Schaeffia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF8D1C0892AF22C00ABD1DD5634F8761" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Schaeffia</emphasis>
Hilzheimer 1906
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="A75D71CA6B30C12355DE8B71608B891F" authority="Gray 1868" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Simenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F79BD5C67FE4511A37B2A4957AA46F3" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Simenia</emphasis>
Gray 1868
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="12C40DC1DF97873023C2A2B00DC60832" authority="Oken 1816" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Thos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE8B1BDE7FB9E1FAAB1C06EADCF11CB7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Thos</emphasis>
Oken 1816
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="7C1F5B0331549E3B30EC378CEA81AED4" authority="de Blainville 1837" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpicanis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F84A4448F2D90BF81CBB25BA08E05D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Vulpicanis</emphasis>
de 
<bibRefCitation id="6A8753A96A5D07201E8AD7BDD6391059" author="Blainville, H. M. D., de" refId="ref33391" refString="Blainville, H. M. D., de. 1837. Rapport sur un memoire de M. Jourdan concernant deux nouvelles especes de mammiferes de l'Indie. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie Animale, ser. 2, 8: 270 - 281." year="1837">Blainville 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1440FF8AC9B80821421034F36120B0B2" pageNumber="574" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="CAA3E54300FEC0F467C1B206F8E7474B" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="72DBC2A703653F143169103B4E721C51" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="574">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
6 species with 79 subspecies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="788926BDED52B3E451380D3145578AC2" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="E986EADE0B20B059DF8371F1083E2A30" authority="Sundevall 1847" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adustus">
<emphasis id="106267E70B4925EE3B36E20DBBD92557" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
Sundevall 1847
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E3DC03A61732D99653D530CAE66019D" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="BF3FA8CE989DDE1660F4B9F4CA6C75E1" authority="Sundevall 1847" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1847" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="adustus">
<emphasis id="50B42327763D8BDDC549C3F138CE4B95" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="A255685708CB0E56B4B6CF9D7EFCCD12" italics="true" pageNumber="574">adustus</emphasis>
Sundevall 1847
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36F3E796067441BD9EE45E103FA12FB0" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2A58780AD4D2BDD37D9A8FB12CF701C5" authority="Heller 1914" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="bweha">
<emphasis id="4BD7F7FA4CF3389FEF76929EBB42AC80" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="FAE2226C3C3AD049F51B481423526BC6" italics="true" pageNumber="574">bweha</emphasis>
Heller 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="184D8C5D5E9C4F874535BCA5D0D9A259" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="FD6477371C670F9471D6F201CE5ABD37" authority="Hilzheimer 1906" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="grayi">
<emphasis id="404CF82400626153E38105A625DE2F73" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="2F1168B45CF421090CD2199D0DEBF9EC" italics="true" pageNumber="574">grayi</emphasis>
Hilzheimer 1906
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C9DAF4751B7918CEC3E05006A48A7E9" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="98E9796CB4A2818541316BC55A2BAD96" authority="Neumann 1902" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="kaffensis">
<emphasis id="8A5F47FB2C59ACC9D7362EF50A61C68D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="0267C0DDEC24E0753AD04C386D280446" italics="true" pageNumber="574">kaffensis</emphasis>
Neumann 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E94E7DD15A8DA9A6C07868763937F388" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59603EF1723C6EA284954EE9CF6BD720" authority="P. L. Sclater 1870" authorityName="P. L. Sclater" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="lateralis">
<emphasis id="81D97B4A04B3975356C5549BC4B8BDD4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="4BB3FD1AC2E0298B8C7FA7C646FE09FC" italics="true" pageNumber="574">lateralis</emphasis>
P. L. Sclater 1870
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBEFEEE0F74486AF72F730C96474E48D" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="ACCD1B6B2D68763EA4BABB4B84174889" authority="Heller 1914" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adustus" subSpecies="notatus">
<emphasis id="4F97B07DA2363B02A173549A73FA8D0B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis adustus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="2AE1D294594E27D85EB30711D035EFAF" italics="true" pageNumber="574">notatus</emphasis>
Heller 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="184AFC6EF2BEAF3E269DAA6C49E082DC" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="6242024D3ABB2871A644CF25B5B90AE5" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
<emphasis id="F41488C8687CBCDF474CB5AD9C6D9E8C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72F24B805836E354F998B5BF7D64557" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FCBECCF46C231F93F9BF7D78CAE0799" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="FDE065CBB2D2C8902941C5C3ED0C90B4" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="aureus">
<emphasis id="203992F6A5A578F5958D0754C5110277" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="FF037D5504CEDF2287D4E511F2888B27" italics="true" pageNumber="574">aureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14BE044F64BCEA3B4AB7504AA7BC42C5" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="920DFE187AE6A914B1B427D6B8A12EA5" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="DC32EFAEECD6543F01F8D88078D90041" authority="Wagner 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="algirensis">
<emphasis id="28C01EE06EA0A53B0B127CB91B91A1C4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="77DC116D860D3870F1BB2152CEF24AF6" italics="true" pageNumber="574">algirensis</emphasis>
Wagner 1841
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19D54CE9AFD61D4E4FB91ED17AE17E8A" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="B7DBDEB3323E92C6DD406D62CAAA5E95" authority="F. Cuvier 1820" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1820" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="anthus">
<emphasis id="73847B01A2218A19783A916F7BED3377" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="7771619F0D8B9013C38D9213CB8ADB3B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">anthus</emphasis>
F. Cuvier 1820
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59B93E5A9546374BD196C59E602014E2" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="B50EBE695C7FEDB0B6C47DE18E0631AB" authority="Heller 1914" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="bea">
<emphasis id="B24A4DB6C7A6088CA6B5A08C1DCECF57" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="F27C8FEE98F7DF348D630CD70963D938" italics="true" pageNumber="574">bea</emphasis>
Heller 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99815D8634A1E6A1725D3A309F2D6F48" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="6E3742A9BF7238E583FB278FE939A9AE" authority="Matschie 1900" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="cruesemanni">
<emphasis id="37D87DF6EFD201A6C2B14922F87AFB18" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="35358CF865377716939A06D09FC99209" italics="true" pageNumber="574">cruesemanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="57DBC1ADFDADBFFB1779A238C66BB109" author="Matschie, P." refId="ref230457" refString="Matschie, P. 1900. Uber geographische Albarten des Afrikanischen elephantens. Sitzungsberichte Gesellschaft naturforschunde Freunde Berlin, 8: 189 - 197." year="1900">Matschie 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2035FF70E30555A3733709FA639DC70" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="9DCF4B1E7DB45DBE5AB007C774F2C270" authority="Kretzoi 1947" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1947" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="ecsedensis">
<emphasis id="2C4326385E181C84424965D0249D95F2" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="8FE3BE236A4FCC4F728033A1B442077F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">ecsedensis</emphasis>
Kretzoi 1947
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99EDA7106F362067974521347116823E" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="E9527685263D11CA865D5A991E2D1762" authority="Hodgson 1833" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="indicus">
<emphasis id="52484463AB55114B6DF6914B47029941" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B46D00C2703F670383075130BB9269FB" italics="true" pageNumber="574">indicus</emphasis>
Hodgson 1833
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E39CBE768114551D04B8836F287D78E7" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="01B0388444F15F4073BDD47D543755A9" authority="Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="lupaster">
<emphasis id="DD97A6B8E179F9200A07B7E5845D2E17" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="44EC8A463CEA781A807BA06A63B88744" italics="true" pageNumber="574">lupaster</emphasis>
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BE9577D916EB3B0D69E56188A4C7B06" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="C5D7185761F7CA561657D5A79AC55138" authority="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1835" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="moreotica">
<emphasis id="DA2995B510222322A10E36197E0A97DD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="133E25615AF39382EF2C8B12A6F7AE66" italics="true" pageNumber="574">moreotica</emphasis>
I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA00418C1349B6AC13E5B4429ACDAAB6" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="541399A6C6034BFC6FE4E4F6D669C2F9" authority="Wroughton 1916" authorityName="Wroughton" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="naria">
<emphasis id="A493BB06DA44EE68EF520417D7CE73E8" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="91984C35F9A10F62C429F68687D38887" italics="true" pageNumber="574">naria</emphasis>
Wroughton 1916
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1032DF8DD92FDF6D9F4C37591EF1EBAD" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="FF6B543F3BEE2FAE2DCA57D16FD79F66" authority="Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="riparius">
<emphasis id="F352C56F7CC928F5EF436E4BC699CE16" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="F4169F7C65C48857CDECC38CF61466C6" italics="true" pageNumber="574">riparius</emphasis>
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADC19A560851C79D4450E62B5F985257" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="EE38EA98F2451F5AE521AB70B8D5C62C" authority="Thomas 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="soudanicus">
<emphasis id="F12549B0CE3273B506ECDAE6284B8A67" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="83513AB19B8F0AAB5E0CFB1E5CC98512" italics="true" pageNumber="574">soudanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="832BF89A02FC2586B3724C06D55D3E5D" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352582" refString="Thomas, O. 1903. Notes on Neotropical mammals of the genera Felis, Hapale, Oryzomys, Akodon, and Ctenomys, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 12: 234 - 243." year="1903">Thomas 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01B9D00E44A877AA252670F3B5D227F0" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="BF9DE23B91AB4D9651EC5B74D3BC84B3" authority="Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aureus" subSpecies="syriacus">
<emphasis id="E8576073B7382B78D6641C6DA472A398" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis aureus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="9FEB653D71856095B3F5282D5948C204" italics="true" pageNumber="574">syriacus</emphasis>
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EBDC09D9618824209A43A5E601C039B" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="F5A6DC9C9737BB9F227EF0B7BCDF06A0" authority="Say 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latrans">
<emphasis id="FF1A8139A47356EB273FD13E5610BEBB" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
Say 1823
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F728209FDC51056CA8925E731B334BB9" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="0A1C51E604240DD644399ABAFB5B58B0" authority="Say 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="latrans">
<emphasis id="D9EAFE20BCA6D15172A3745DD8E56EE3" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="84CF1A3E70F5198F7D04501C7E5893D1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">latrans</emphasis>
Say 1823
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="687B1394CBAE3DE81B056E39ED79C1AE" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="046CBAC27E843EC05B20E52AED001387" authority="C. E. H. Smith 1839" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="cagottis">
<emphasis id="F4F6D69B2E920B6B59B5D8860E66E2A1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="5060656549F22BBAC698A1BAC076AB68" italics="true" pageNumber="574">cagottis</emphasis>
C. E. H. Smith 1839
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C1952452045D5549E55C51F68554B98" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="1F2D093210CEC5B709E2025097661D42" authority="Elliot 1903" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="clepticus">
<emphasis id="71A6DA6A7F950A55D62CDAB0A6EF86E5" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="AF8EFA260B60D78AB0B90743664BF12F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">clepticus</emphasis>
Elliot 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A8D83713A95FFD0E8237BECCC54253F" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="8C136BF3D06773CEF45DB26F666F31FC" authority="Nelson 1932" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="dickeyi">
<emphasis id="9DD36393B87A2DFC6FC95B6D09275183" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="67459C719596FAE219688DE62E349B96" italics="true" pageNumber="574">dickeyi</emphasis>
Nelson 1932
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3546E290A2CEE186805A115106551F55" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="AD699B0CD5955E9CF2C4075B46AA0C82" authority="Woodhouse 1851" authorityName="Woodhouse" authorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="frustror">
<emphasis id="A6E99CD1AF10EFD678CE87825166F186" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="44ECC89D9BF38E6624602F5E21C9E862" italics="true" pageNumber="574">frustror</emphasis>
Woodhouse 1851
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D02E9F0849B63AE431E351B9DC8B9557" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2C6057761970ADEFBFD622DA186B19ED" authority="Merriam 1904" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="goldmani">
<emphasis id="CBF3FF3C438F119B0F364630C33BEF8E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="C0B87C536C7D316F7085FF7DF5A02E4D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">goldmani</emphasis>
Merriam 1904
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C3A184DE28EB9D9BC55EC0FC4815860" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2BBF5AFF00B9069E88E395928E8D9BEB" authority="Goldman 1936" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="hondurensis">
<emphasis id="00B1ECF0F6F6B0FD9EE1948123EA0329" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="30FFBC7330843B0DEE58E6B7720FC39B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">hondurensis</emphasis>
Goldman 1936
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32F87712D5EE700D46A7338BE2180F04" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="76D7B0E694B799EE2A8A338B2A28FED5" authority="J. A. Allen 1903" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="impavidus">
<emphasis id="81A8E8BE5A71C06864CA4D8C7DF41D2B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="0E8858012643CFFAD76869A964EE39B7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">impavidus</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0327236E4DACEE1B12E48E78AF8E8A2F" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="F4B652C0AD86964F91630A9B2AB3F1E9" authority="Hall 1934" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="incolatus">
<emphasis id="D935EAD1D7B764B67338DFC4CD94A70A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="C9DD681053827D9846C4FDA79C586DCC" italics="true" pageNumber="574">incolatus</emphasis>
Hall 1934
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE479809D9BB83CBF2DC1203CE7A8EFA" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="D801F0A19B66D360AA01A63CF862814E" authority="Townsend 1912" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="jamesi">
<emphasis id="D59F52595271B7ECB6EF6F4016407739" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B1A20CA9313BD9E9F26F6A426A70EE5F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">jamesi</emphasis>
Townsend 1912
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F72A12472E0F254EFDD3CB0281D59586" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="FBF7FEB52EFF1881880FF394C4BA0AAB" authority="Merriam 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="lestes">
<emphasis id="F026F435229670F47D63E5086130FA80" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="69DEE6B8D037A88B85CEB7D6321E35E9" italics="true" pageNumber="574">lestes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2E480222763F5702F918A5D064961DC5" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71859F6C797F7574073933BC50F7FCD7" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="9F777DA25AB44A5BF066E7C7DB946677" authority="Merriam 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="mearnsi">
<emphasis id="A51AC69DE7D3F053FBEB6B5724DD1255" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="7456CEF4F6B404B01D1D2B117CD63A72" italics="true" pageNumber="574">mearnsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="138C0D96A51C97016D9D2F3AC2DE4CCF" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A28606CFD5A374EB565856B8539933AF" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="371976710962212B3E5B81CE65280958" authority="Merriam 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="microdon">
<emphasis id="3CEAA9CDB5E831EC57EFD6F195832839" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="49D949CBB706101961E0CD7D1957D227" italics="true" pageNumber="574">microdon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="25F6DDAA1041113ABA339692F787CCC9" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E26110FC4FBD56731F051E85A6DA5664" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="5FAECDD9313CC6C0B0B3E06027CE322B" authority="Eschscholtz 1829" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="ochropus">
<emphasis id="8636CDAE1A0D23AFB0207D615EA4F611" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="84943848FF38A710C857030DC36E6CFB" italics="true" pageNumber="574">ochropus</emphasis>
Eschscholtz 1829
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CEE6ABE30A94F81E3B5652808B3FC1BE" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="12B2E61E9B92E05F86EEEBC32E777290" authority="Merriam 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="peninsulae">
<emphasis id="00E234817953E15CA6A5F84B4589837E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="9B644603A1AD99626DECACA3D4BAA33C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">peninsulae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A8D278EB2D0BBC01F167048F62A8352A" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F126BFFF95B8187A651C0A5ABB51ACF" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="1E8D81EE54B9161EFBDD827D17380111" authority="Bailey 1905" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="texensis">
<emphasis id="FA27D28548075537EC4E55B434C3D83B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="AE2A940656C8E85818A9579D7E67192B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">texensis</emphasis>
Bailey 1905
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27A0EA81B391A70B379F14540D954BD0" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="8CAC7DDF39661E5216B22F3B33414D42" authority="Jackson 1949" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="thamnos">
<emphasis id="19A5CAA89A12BDC54CC8354A30B0E371" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="E31920B8378589B2D7A7FA5E0BFA379E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">thamnos</emphasis>
Jackson 1949
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="509A807BE1E21205203CDA1D29A1F5F5" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="0FC34181A129B12580012D7890313F77" authority="Jackson 1949" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="umpquensis">
<emphasis id="DF78482C8C5C9887BBCF52AFB4FD1818" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="D50A6CC931232FA2C482BDD8AF0B3992" italics="true" pageNumber="574">umpquensis</emphasis>
Jackson 1949
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBEEDF09C40A6E08A82D3087AE0ED84C" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="CCDB3C27B7E08D7C0461E9A5789866D9" authority="Merriam 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latrans" subSpecies="vigilis">
<emphasis id="93457551073071AFE35BFCC7FB223E4C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis latrans</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="92CEDD19F1C095C465CA5415540A0EC7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">vigilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82E317F4ED07E1DB6581F3C13F1C2668" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD00047C4FBA9B17AD2FA5E0697CAB96" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="D1DF5CD6B250E5AE329B38E6F8161A0D" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="244F0F01599918E1B2D9F9F9A9ECF9A9" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF2DBEFE78B1F1FAC125F1EAA7C12D79" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF8259A7CE00D31832755BC20003935F" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="54DD3800AC3D1FC78FA03BA8757A37B6" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="lupus">
<emphasis id="E745800C5E76E401FD93546C01749907" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="7A8915792DCBBAE66F5A59846DFA84A4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">lupus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1DA53BCA1508939747A168DAAFBF99AB" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3DDA9751FAB30FFB65150BB375B9C71" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="673178F9A8A3D2532EB93D9C83ADC56B" authority="Kerr 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="albus">
<emphasis id="2424C4D1F9A53455CB700873311FB64A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B8A819F5567D606BC4C2B1BFFB4120E7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">albus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E69B403BDE6BD5D9E9AF38E93D79FAB" author="Kerr, R." refId="ref183257" refString="Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp." year="1792">Kerr 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0840B759D510730D7798990ED9759A7" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="203B504BDEF84BD91894ECE3A072250A" authority="Goldman 1941" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="alces">
<emphasis id="107BBA336BDB73CE13B923EDC2FE50BA" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="EF33A955F55351BA57FF4B6AF78CBCA7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">alces</emphasis>
Goldman 1941
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F15D8C722AEC1CB7BCC0C2157E1B8BD6" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="636CCB563A94C0A4D03AF16EB631F96D" authority="Pocock 1934" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="arabs">
<emphasis id="875E5E3186D2260DD15D6451C97EFFCD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="C09853CD7A39DF725A38B9F44E024D02" italics="true" pageNumber="574">arabs</emphasis>
Pocock 1934
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91DF99FDA3820DECD52AB2E62DED109C" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="4DC764EDB3A36F69710244E5DC551CF5" authority="Pocock 1935" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1935" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="arctos">
<emphasis id="ABFD57E53D85A0E07F90DC863CEE456D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="763CD18BFBCB10439D0060C86BA25D59" italics="true" pageNumber="574">arctos</emphasis>
Pocock 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="126752541BC6376E805A35F7B67742F3" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="070DA9C4F343AAE8550EAA9B00053D65" authority="Nelson and Goldman 1929" authorityName="Nelson and Goldman" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="baileyi">
<emphasis id="C77515EBD348A9B6C2C24FECBAC3490F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="068DC46168B1B3A7A7886595E4CC53A7" italics="true" pageNumber="574">baileyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F2428B7E992FBF67470ED3A408F2E5C5" author="Nelson, E. W. &amp; E. A. Goldman" refId="ref257483" refString="Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman. 1929. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Heterogeomys from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 42: 147 - 152." year="1929">Nelson and Goldman 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E86114B1DBAA61ED80878175949B0D3" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2B4C7EF986ADBBAFEFF04E56D527CA07" authority="G. M. Allen and Barbour 1937" authorityName="G. M. Allen and Barbour" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="beothucus">
<emphasis id="77A069CD43F3581D728CDA680DD827D1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="8C1696731207599D4CCF8F9703BDE9DD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">beothucus</emphasis>
G. M. Allen and Barbour 1937
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7455BA395D538C141A6CB783FCDAA5C5" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="41837403BF93FA788D77DFF7AE0BE21F" authority="Anderson 1943" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="bernardi">
<emphasis id="AEEA20696501BD3B84A5656CFFB35990" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="AD8DF5DC0EBBAF6142D993E4C0135C3B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">bernardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A38B2D0E094AC38AF7D2D26732843ED4" author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCC83EE16619BAA235B70F66D24D0A83" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="BC798CC8420858E8F0CB79559E22DB0D" authority="Dwigubski 1804" authorityName="Dwigubski" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="campestris">
<emphasis id="0524175F3FB0D04858D36A02F2C2AB05" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="76E96D5AF7EFC1283ADA4EB49F51CCAA" italics="true" pageNumber="574">campestris</emphasis>
Dwigubski 1804
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4FEE35BC1C9A145F482D06B042F198C" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="D3211BB32AA4CBA464523ABF9A9DC6BD" authority="Gray 1863" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="chanco">
<emphasis id="D9524F7B24252007E5DE7FD8C5A24CE0" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="237499FB7E5FA0DBFA7069ACFE5F5B1A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">chanco</emphasis>
Gray 1863
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1897BEFE17FA51A44B40E643EE3A68C3" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="160E9704A9B6ADE9A70ED20C21E31C33" authority="Goldman 1941" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="columbianus">
<emphasis id="C47F7C1BF58EC941478139457F5E77DD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="58D97DC258BCF1CCF5CCEF26440C72D4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">columbianus</emphasis>
Goldman 1941
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CFEFA4EC6B9088A46B0CA305E1CC806" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="07D0CFB6EAB0443A48620F27512B455D" authority="Hall 1932" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="crassodon">
<emphasis id="DD908F9F2F4432402D5BCC5744B125E2" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="53396F520B16D976EAEE4A7E7C91CCDC" italics="true" pageNumber="574">crassodon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5AD02BCCCF7A44E0601537FDD975EA5C" author="Hall, E. R. &amp; R. M. Gilmore" refId="ref137557" refString="Hall, E. R., and R. M. Gilmore. 1932. New mammals from St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, Alaska. University of California Publications in Zoology, 38: 391 - 404." year="1932">Hall 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDC449DE7432BBDD1B50828F5D3074CB" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="265393AC2133F8C86F75407635BA5E78" authority="Meyer 1793" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1793" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="dingo">
<emphasis id="4E13C4CD22EB0B46AAE508DE164B6019" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="823E269C0739D534FDCC3559DE10A745" italics="true" pageNumber="574">dingo</emphasis>
Meyer 1793
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19ED2643194C2D9AD5CD2F63034822B6" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="C382900F9F4BC997BFA1509A957FE4A3" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="familiaris">
<emphasis id="B817A53FEF98140BE85F1B71D80FA20A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="172B6684A60FF4F9D58F11F2B61DB191" italics="true" pageNumber="574">familiaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1AAE460660FC64D474788A8C129E29C1" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D24340F6055003D12C77A3DBD26A5937" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="C3D13C07EAD0A59E07A78658611E6A81" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="floridanus">
<emphasis id="ECF58CCBB1EF263234C59D7B2159D1B0" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="03ECC38F7A03FB103ABD326140372E03" italics="true" pageNumber="574">floridanus</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18A6B6445A88659AF1B38CE31B96A61F" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="D972AF33E207234EAD9156AF7F9EAB04" authority="Richardson 1839" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="fuscus">
<emphasis id="752B29EF6D4704C9F8C07249563B4C9C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="EB2F07897A67E0D0B66D8CE9E551C802" italics="true" pageNumber="574">fuscus</emphasis>
Richardson 1839
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0637C3683DF9D14A76BA4A7EC852540" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="1B4F8A9121E110535575F070AA447BAF" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="gregoryi">
<emphasis id="69297B372DCC70BC0A98F10B89C48A06" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="816EB23587CC4058B27D5D3B64509F6C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">gregoryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6ED50E324C0ED1264DD47650A2135BA6" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F838E7A238A3E5AB3817320066BDD03" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="E71E85C50A81D765159607D09D5930F7" authority="Baird 1858" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="griseoalbus">
<emphasis id="1B22C9ADE3A10258E327DBE5A940D1EE" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="DF0516EEC96F234B9ABE32C9638E08F4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">griseoalbus</emphasis>
Baird 1858
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5119574CFAA25384B5441B9F5DBA7003" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="D611C5D4F0E19E89A689EFD7F8DE0097" authority="Kishida 1931" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="hattai">
<emphasis id="11E2203E76FF47BB33CAA3F870798932" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="4346975A6394B6877F29EC09EB5F8378" italics="true" pageNumber="574">hattai</emphasis>
Kishida 1931
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C89DD56549CC0D9A7BDDB757A2E5A3A8" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2C0CDDD746CA4D2362513E98CA76CEEE" authority="Temminck 1839" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="hodophilax">
<emphasis id="D49EC025955EA8555D547A69A6F992A9" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="C8847B1006EC62E0B7131EC2498E6260" italics="true" pageNumber="574">hodophilax</emphasis>
Temminck 1839
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D637FEDE2AD77A911DC2BCE354213BBE" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="915B3D3BC46A5E9591AD1099DFF99DC7" authority="Goldman 1941" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="hudsonicus">
<emphasis id="07C61258B78E8D6047FDAE6F264F453C" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="892FE440D8F2CADD05596D55DDE2ACF6" italics="true" pageNumber="574">hudsonicus</emphasis>
Goldman 1941
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C11E1226361C045B12DF4D6D825AB14" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="174FDA8CE93B83777AFF7EE1B0848425" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="irremotus">
<emphasis id="5AD695EDE0E24F581C59D859294E7704" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B5DB616135522D6BBD9949084F9FB2BE" italics="true" pageNumber="574">irremotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="422A619F4C3C239FCCB896F80EC017DA" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74AEFDD030765C7425867B3F21F01911" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="803F1CDA7C1A9888E286027DDFFEAFE2" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="labradorius">
<emphasis id="C72A4B89974A687B5D46519A644F1D5D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="1C5D9BD9C84AADA06A60A150AC09D4D1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">labradorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40715FBF77A24172A937D9CC8819F75B" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A3964AA8B36E9B4BDDD4E395D883C4F" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="83D4613F0CA867ED2FDB4F8A1F50734C" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="ligoni">
<emphasis id="9FCF1DC5947C6C39E2DE79D666760209" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="9FD2A3A7820AFF6C745C0019EDE5043B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">ligoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2FFD483DC0ED4588529BD77075E9CD61" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7ED40A7F6673E974AC56E97025BC8A3A" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="50A4FD21DA5FFE5938DDA90471E1CA0D" authority="Schreber 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="lycaon">
<emphasis id="F253C69FB00F43B9366D48E4C3F00D41" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="21BB580CE316F95B4A8F93126DFD754D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">lycaon</emphasis>
Schreber 1775
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05EFDD11655412EE4E9E6EADC2E93BA2" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="DC6F4912EFFB1B3BC689CDF0AF0211FC" authority="Anderson 1943" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="mackenzii">
<emphasis id="B89CB1DB82A42F4BCF5EADE28937A4D4" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="5C086D3921AD8B498B81A1F8BC9E07FE" italics="true" pageNumber="574">mackenzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F047814BE45AEE2506FDD343C8691776" author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E9A14048AF9A7278B5CDB61F2B7A65C" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="AC9A1390B41968114467679D6C67EDB3" authority="Anderson 1943" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="manningi">
<emphasis id="5BB65C7542020CE5B1313B367754A041" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="2C2E8EF3A8229A1FAF72F1DD641DE544" italics="true" pageNumber="574">manningi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D2770AC8B7FC5BACD6F305A7E5465400" author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ED13EC5631C49E6D0A4CB2DB8E16BD7" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="A0ACD5F6AA2EB062AF8150185CD56804" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="mogollonensis">
<emphasis id="07A5B105563C639EEA699F9F892251D1" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="CF3620436C48408DB38C95721459D16A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">mogollonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D12CCE31C1FC2B77DDBE75C55C32BFD3" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FD48F7523B1DFAF3368476DB8F2FCB9" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="F0EC2956A132491FC6151F08949A789D" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="monstrabilis">
<emphasis id="5038E12F27D2B42674836C39418F24AD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="8ED1181C9FCBF4C24613AA55B73DB36E" italics="true" pageNumber="574">monstrabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C5288E83E9AC9EFBD2BDEE8A641FB4AA" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B78E2D1478BF0BE2FE923C3990AF178" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="0368442617AF335FAD7A2A911381FB8A" authority="Say 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="nubilus">
<emphasis id="A6DE3C07A6D18E41F4E3A78C42DB4FFD" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="5F6B7B05399A1329F39B8358EE40D159" italics="true" pageNumber="574">nubilus</emphasis>
Say 1823
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A77052021FB10FC8B2B679FED9DB7F5" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="F1FCBCE32F0A4BAEBFE090F46A5A0659" authority="Richardson 1829" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="2171817F0AF9EB41DEC9AD94AEE11F01" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="EF3AF1C6D8414E1FD536BFCB78E84199" italics="true" pageNumber="574">occidentalis</emphasis>
Richardson 1829
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93C2B419EB76CD02D56944C92E381613" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="9C2B691822250473F7E4EF09503A4703" authority="Pocock 1935" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1935" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="orion">
<emphasis id="120E32CF4CDB4D807643DCC9D0514E28" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="A651FD107D5282B13FA9CFC5044F115D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">orion</emphasis>
Pocock 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCD6DDD0C7349C0A0D7F1AEE33440155" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="E7DBF376D5D2BF1A7C261ECC8217C1FC" authority="Sykes 1831" authorityName="Sykes" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="pallipes">
<emphasis id="EFE55FE1D7FC24D8341D902E8CF9FD2D" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="17B44625A1C57255F39C6573E3A09FED" italics="true" pageNumber="574">pallipes</emphasis>
Sykes 1831
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB0A9C9F41D056EFE5650827BCC14B75" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="6446AEE0C398D503215BB893555FD5F6" authority="Elliot 1905" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="pambasileus">
<emphasis id="110B71B7F5FAF8220AD6E6562102B631" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="63688C892356E1A14ECE535A319CAF04" italics="true" pageNumber="574">pambasileus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1497B67512908CB73CF789EC80528397" author="Elliot, D. G." refId="ref93464" refString="Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761." year="1905">Elliot 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="15E5700DC8F0B423279D86848213A400" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="DAAE3F9931C8C676557F18B5FCADE536" authority="Audubon and Bachman 1851" authorityName="Audubon and Bachman" authorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="rufus">
<emphasis id="B54C71DA72AAD3AB0C8FD56FA33509D3" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="0985B0A18AEC9C0AFE4457AADB1CA82B" italics="true" pageNumber="574">rufus</emphasis>
Audubon and Bachman 1851
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A6D32BE9BE248ADBDA496964AB86EEE" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="78B5EF0465FCD304CB255AA49BC4659E" authority="Miller 1912" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="tundrarum">
<emphasis id="E1FC4EC2F93B7CAEF1FD0C4FD23B404A" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="AE495B692BF9DC9AB17E547F12919713" italics="true" pageNumber="574">tundrarum</emphasis>
Miller 1912
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF7A4D57B5418E1FD766F6F99014F03E" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="2851E19041527425681911CDEE6361B6" authority="Goldman 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lupus" subSpecies="youngi">
<emphasis id="8ECB9D3EAA5AE9D50260207BAAE09F83" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis lupus</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="4F29C3149CDC9BAA4EA77534AC8A58EF" italics="true" pageNumber="574">youngi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8319E6C372C54DA3FE16E4CA92E42FD4" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B08A66D2D936D93B3AFE8DE282D4C8E" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="59C9F1CC8026CFFE6EB187C673A9A659" authority="Schreber 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesomelas">
<emphasis id="A39756E16B5280A8DC6D89324755C636" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis mesomelas</emphasis>
Schreber 1775
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68E50CBC0843419F27C8C0A4E52F80CB" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="FC3DA6C1A9043F89959EEE8EC611F1E3" authority="Schreber 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mesomelas" subSpecies="mesomelas">
<emphasis id="322C97FD9BD7CE86BB18EC35CD4183BF" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis mesomelas</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="473A156A6E309810A048E77787739C02" italics="true" pageNumber="574">mesomelas</emphasis>
Schreber 1775
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E97CB0AD78E3EA3B0FA987C0ECD70EB" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="A18D96FF911F70A7C61844F7064A7AEB" authority="Noack 1897" authorityName="Noack" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mesomelas" subSpecies="schmidti">
<emphasis id="D4FD3000E38DBFC6E5F2ACC3F50EA7F5" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis mesomelas</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="FF634B2F72E1BFCFFA701B1B01FA5688" italics="true" pageNumber="574">schmidti</emphasis>
Noack 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1C719E0362F075C3799A580A94E2923" pageNumber="574">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="D2B88D0C3E8781C38498A27005640DF1" authority="Rüppell 1840" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simensis">
<emphasis id="7565DF05D0FDCCD6416400AD6C5F78BC" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis simensis</emphasis>
Rüppell 1840
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2161F88741584CF58FB2A4C8BED61384" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="69FAED16DADFB20E9CA83EC8291ED299" authority="Rüppell 1840" authorityName="Rüppell" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="simensis" subSpecies="simensis">
<emphasis id="91D835E10DE66F8C5BA793E0754EE3C9" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis simensis</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="43E1E113FEC046E95D58ABD6E4569016" italics="true" pageNumber="574">simensis</emphasis>
Rüppell 1840
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13F85E33DCB0AB614A21D5073A6187E6" pageNumber="574">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="60452F1A5B62E6898459D1B7DB508240" authority="de Beaux 1922" authorityName="de Beaux" authorityYear="1922" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="simensis" subSpecies="citernii">
<emphasis id="CC09218C6EB6AF50C85F2D44FEEE6265" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Canis simensis</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="49EB97724F53DD5FD9596CD429DAC958" italics="true" pageNumber="574">citernii</emphasis>
de Beaux 1922
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2352CC8EF4BF43606FE485131A143EE" pageNumber="574" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="497EFBB842B7C0FC9F7B1BBA3374F55E" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="968988DC5797026EBFBCF9B64153FC8B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="574">Discussion:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B8DAF15B805FB71D9E1B4CDD1057DF76" author="Van Gelder, R. G." refId="ref366246" refString="Van Gelder, R. G. 1978. A review of canid classification. American Museum Novitates, 2646: 1 - 10." year="1978">
<collectingRegion id="D844B491E89C9FAF07F9EF6979256CAB" country="Turkey" name="Van">Van</collectingRegion>
Gelder (1978)
</bibRefCitation>
included 
<taxonomicName id="C4A25DB207DF9FAD3C1F39F7F05744EA" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Alopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD8679D858012C020F4096B61C9B38FF" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Alopex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E256D0C886F3B1E9C9D03CD5CF70DFC5" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Atelocynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F3DB11DEFF6495925B33011B78F0C45" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Atelocynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B440AEDFBD2F92525E6A02251867C9EB" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Cerdocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="44F97C3C290D46625E4D491B5016E9B5" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Cerdocyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B9BE2D7EAF4888BAF06A62D4070626BE" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Pseudalopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EA46057C30463607A9258F933C37F012" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Pseudalopex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D6F7D1BB93D44C57708BAEFD7CE3D90A" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lycalopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25D7E491E4BDEE41FEED57D34F14198F" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Lycalopex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E0EC0E1BED8B81204DA3E9A1A463E188" authorityName="C. E. H. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Dusicyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B207DAE800A75E677C0E8B41356C818" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Dusicyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="06894776AF099BD3D97C05C34BB2BCB8" authorityName="Frisch" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3E7BD94C237A4D97AA013E0AF66F94FA" italics="true" pageNumber="574">Vulpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as subgenera, however, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (
<bibRefCitation id="B21FCD7CF657D13458A52FFAE624E5C2" author="Berta, A." refId="ref29238" refString="Berta, A. 1987. Origin, diversification, and zoogeography of the South American Canidae. Pp. 455 - 471, in Studies in Neotropical Mammalogy: Essays in honor of Philip Hershkovitz (B. D. Patterson and R. M. Timm, eds.). Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 39 (1382): 1 - 506." year="1987">Berta, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6C496CDA7A3CDFEF0F9F0891E8257A96" author="Berta, A." refId="ref29309" refString="Berta, A. 1988. Quaternary evolution and biogeography of the large South American Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). University of California Publications, Geological Sciences, 132: 1 - 149." year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
; Corbet, 1978; 
<bibRefCitation id="8722E3445BD6DBD3822F2E4DAF395958" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; J. E. Hill" refId="ref67843" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp." year="1980">Corbet and Hill, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7C7BB6F687DFF5F2E12983DC14DE4723" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; G. I. Baranova" refId="ref130250" refString="Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian)." year="1981">Gromov and Baranova, 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="231C3352440DEE6DF56AED8872165CD4" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall, 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9B04D6F327892A80EBFA1955F29ED7C5" author="McKenna, M. C. &amp; S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell, 1997</bibRefCitation>
; Wozencraft, 1989). Synonyms allocated according to 
<bibRefCitation id="3FE7E4678D148EAFC7053B14A3EE5053" author="McKenna, M. C. &amp; S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>