treatments-xml/data/05/43/87/0543879E3772267A70BCFBE2FBAC3976.xml
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<mods:title id="2D89F341964A03E9C8479A903A628217">A new species of planthopper in the genus Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0C247038336EB56FEB626F91847F38A">Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="93DB672F0C3550370B4A207E67E2B361">Universidad de Costa Rica-Sede San Ramón, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C1971C46D2C78D7D36B790D5DE72F06F">Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DD6BCAC3FC7428092314C79A80642F5">Bartlett, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="96BA3D7D4DB019F9C59D48F06AB55CB0">University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, 250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 - 2160, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA8912FFC5D27C2692B438BBEFD4DA1A">Helmick, Ericka E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E97AD61AFFE43951ADD815C8AE793050">University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314 - 7719, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="88A5E3F6A146D9D24F01911C9744408E">Bahder, Brian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EB6A5AFC866253BC4E32499A411315A4">University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314 - 7719, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4AEA4D0B3772267A70C5FBE1FDF23B11" ID-CoL="4TCZ" ID-ENA="491314" authority="Fowler 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[238,525,1025,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Haplaxius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BF9EEA9A3772267A70C5FBE1FE933B11" bold="true" box="[238,364,1025,1052]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">Haplaxius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E97B4B793772267A7158FBE2FDF23B11" author="Fowler, W. W." box="[371,525,1026,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" pagination="85 - 124" refId="ref6235" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1904) Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1, 85 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler 1904</bibRefCitation>
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<typeStatus id="5251882A3772267A70BCFBA7FF333B52" box="[151,204,1095,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4AEA4D0B3772267A7107FBA6FDA23B52" ID-CoL="3JL2N" authority="Fowler 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[300,605,1094,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Haplaxius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="BF9EEA9A3772267A7107FBA6FE2A3B53" box="[300,469,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">Haplaxius laevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E97B4B793772267A71F7FBA6FDA23B52" author="Fowler, W. W." box="[476,605,1094,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" pagination="85 - 124" refId="ref6235" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1904) Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1, 85 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler 1904</bibRefCitation>
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(
<typeStatus id="5251882A3772267A7241FBA7FD683B52" box="[618,663,1095,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
species designation by
<bibRefCitation id="E97B4B793772267A73A3FBA6FBAF3B52" author="Caldwell, J. S." box="[904,1104,1094,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref6030" refString="Caldwell, J. S. (1946) Notes on Haplaxius Fowler with descriptions of new species (Homoptera, Cixiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 48 (8), 203 - 206." type="journal article" year="1946">Caldwell 1946: 203</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D5536883772267A70BCFB6CFBAC3976" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="BF9EEA9A3772267A70BCFB6CFEF53BAB" bold="true" box="[151,266,1164,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="E97B4B793772267A71E0FB6DFD593BAA" author="Bahder, B. W. &amp; Barrantes, E. A. B. &amp; Zumbado, M. A. Z. &amp; Mou, D. &amp; Helmick, E. E. &amp; Bartlett, C. R." box="[459,678,1165,1191]" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" pagination="543 - 552" refId="ref5517" refString="Bahder, B. W., Barrantes, E. A. B., Zumbado, M. A. Z., Mou, D., Helmick, E. E. &amp; Bartlett, C. R. (2020) A new species of planthopper in the genus Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) on palm in Costa Rica and a new country record for Haplaxius skarphion. Zootaxa, 4767 (4), 543 - 552. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4767.4.4" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bahder
<emphasis id="BF9EEA9A3772267A720EFB6DFD9F3BAA" box="[549,608,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Small to average size cixiids (
<quantity id="4A129B6D3772267A743DFB6CFB5A3BAA" box="[1046,1189,1164,1191]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="6.4" valueMin="3.2">3.26.4 mm</quantity>
); head in dorsal view narrower than pronotum, eyes large; vertex elongate, moderately broad (among
<taxonomicName id="4AEA4D0B3772267A7433FB51FB843BC1" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1922" box="[1048,1147,1201,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oecleini">Oecleini</taxonomicName>
), vertex disc slightly concave, sides and apex carinate, lacking carina at midline (usually), apex variably produced beyond eyes. In lateral view, apex of head bluntly angled, ocellus beneath eye (anterior to antenna). In facial view, sides of frons concave (“flared”) and carinate, midline of frons carinate, interrupted near frontoclypeal suture by ocellus, clypeus subtriangular with lateral margins and midline carinate. Antennal scape reduced, pedicel robust, flagellum beadlike basally and filamentous distally. Pronotum narrow, with irregular ridges and distinct paranotal region, length shortest on midline, posterior margin indented. Tegulae evident. Mesonotum tricarinate; longitudinal midlength of mesonotum about 2x or less that of vertex. Hind tibiae without lateral spines. Forewings tectiform, usually hyaline or transparent, but sometimes infuscated or patterned, veins usually with small setae-bearing pustules (tubercles). Male pygofer usually longest on ventral margin, hind margin variably produced. Aedeagus asymmetrical and elaborated with projections and processes, vertical connective articulating base of aedeagus with gonostyli (genital styles). Gonostyli symmetrical and usually simple. Anal tube symmetrical or asymmetrical, with processes from one or both ventral margins and sometimes with projections originating between ventral margins.
</paragraph>
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