324 lines
40 KiB
XML
324 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="552A6B5C0F29B26C8D72097479D427F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="45975" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7663905-b87e-40e6-a2d7-b8e3a1819299" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252378" ID-ZooBank="45DFDC6F-6B3B-4706-B19E-F3661852CC99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460410258542" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Michelsen, Verner" docDate="2014" docId="03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03790p102.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3790 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Botanophila collini Ackland 1968, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFC5FF82CB32AB78FFA1FF9E1C666B0A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="86" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1698300401450" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B3A11BD1D85F381FE0AF85494AEC54D1">Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="528BE437B97B5E0DE341340642E620FD">Michelsen, Verner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7E3D795A9E798231CDA19933190F948D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9432372396C3FEA932103C2BF956A457">
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<mods:date id="3B8979080EB366D7807A653DB841F17A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2753554AB7F03BE4B2F3237C6550B5F8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2EBCC873EB15D221B9496C5C0284C0D1">3790</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A03DA73083D9692E7B77C571FF34515C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6126228" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119423203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6126228" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB3AAB70FF36FE6B1DE4693A" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF36FE6B1E856905" blockId="8.[151,739,501,560]" box="[151,739,501,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="D0A28180CB3AAB70FF36FE6B1E856905" bold="true" box="[151,739,501,527]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FE6B1E856905" bold="true" box="[151,739,501,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF36FE6B1E296905" ID-CoL="8B8Q4" authority="Ackland, 1968" authorityName="Ackland" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,591,501,527]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FE6B1DE76905" bold="true" box="[151,385,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Botanophila collini</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FE2EFE6B1E216905" author="Ackland" box="[399,583,501,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2125785CB3AAB70FDFCFE6B1E856905" box="[605,739,501,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF36FD891DE4693A" blockId="8.[151,739,501,560]" box="[151,386,535,560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3AAB70FF3EFD891D41693A" box="[159,295,535,560]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Figs. 15–20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3AAB70FE93FD891D1C693A" box="[306,378,535,560]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,715,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 21 – 23. Hypopygium in lateral, posterolateral and posterior views. 24. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonites, dorsolateral view (hyp = hypandrium; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite). 25. Hypandrium, gonites, phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view. 26. Phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view (bph = basiphallus; dph = distiphallus; ejac = ejaculatory apodeme; eph = epiphallus; phap = phallapodeme). Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252384/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">21–26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB3AAB70FF36FDFE1E506FB9" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF36FDFE1F1E697C" blockId="8.[151,888,608,630]" box="[151,888,608,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511C2CB3AAB70FF36FDFE1F1E697C" box="[151,888,608,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF36FDFE1E59697C" ID-CoL="889BZ" authority="Ackland, 1968: 652" authorityName="Ackland" authorityPageNumber="652" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,575,608,630]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FDFE1D08697F" box="[151,366,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Chirosiomima collini</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410FDCB3AAB70FED5FDFE1E59697C" author="Ackland" box="[372,575,608,630]" page="652" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FED5FDFE1E6A697C" author="Ackland" box="[372,524,608,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 652
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 1–7;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410FDCB3AAB70FD0EFDFE1F12697C" author="Hennig" box="[687,884,608,630]" page="928" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FD0EFDFE1F24697C" author="Hennig" box="[687,834,608,630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Hennig, W. (1976 a) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 7 (1), pp. 921 - 974." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Hennig 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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: 928
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF36FD3C1E506FB9" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FD3C1D2669B1" bold="true" box="[151,320,674,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Relationships.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FEE9FD3C1D9F69B1" author="Ackland" box="[328,505,674,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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described a small anthomyiid fly from
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<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB3AAB70FC1CFD3D185869B1" box="[957,1086,675,699]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FBC4FD3D193369B1" ID-CoL="889BZ" box="[1125,1365,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FBC4FD3D193369B1" box="[1125,1365,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Chirosiomima collini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on some male specimens found on excrement at
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<quantity id="4CAD9B09CB3AAB70FD76FD581F4369D5" box="[727,805,710,735]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
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. The primary reason for referring this new species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF36FD751D516809" ID-CoL="3NCZ" box="[151,311,747,771]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FD751D516809" box="[151,311,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Chirosiomima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was obviously the presence of a row of 4–6 enlarged, inclinate setae basally on the posterior lobes of sternite V, a defining character of the only species described in
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FCD5FC901875682C" ID-CoL="3NCZ" box="[884,1043,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FCD5FC901875682C" box="[884,1043,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Chirosiomima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FBE0FC90188C682D" author="Hennig" box="[1089,1258,782,807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Hennig, W. (1966) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 7 (1), pp. 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1966">Hennig (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, new evidence has proven Hennig to be wrong: these specialized setae are present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FB99FCAD18926841" box="[1080,1268,819,843]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurinervis">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FB99FCAD18926841" box="[1080,1268,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. obscurinervis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but not in the closely related species
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FE03FCC91E756864" ID-CoL="5Y6D3" box="[418,531,855,878]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FE03FCC91E756864" box="[418,531,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. gestroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The male terminalia in
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FC96FCC91FC56864" ID-CoL="889BZ" box="[823,931,854,878]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FC96FCC91FC56864" box="[823,931,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. collini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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deviate in most respects substantially from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF56FCE51DC96899" box="[247,431,891,915]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurinervis">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF56FCE51DC96899" box="[247,431,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. obscurinervis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FE47FCE51E346898" ID-CoL="5Y6D3" box="[486,594,891,914]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FE47FCE51E346898" box="[486,594,891,914]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. gestroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which suggests that the superficially similar chaetotaxy of sternite V in
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FA23FCE51CB968BC" ID-CoL="889BZ" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FA23FCE51CB968BC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. collini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FEB5FC011DAB68BC" box="[276,461,926,950]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurinervis">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FEB5FC011DAB68BC" box="[276,461,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. obscurinervis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been attained through homoplasy. Other specialized character states that Ackland’s species share with
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FED6FC5D1E7068D1" ID-CoL="3NCZ" box="[375,534,963,987]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FED6FC5D1E7068D1" box="[375,534,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Chirosiomima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(male head feminized; scutellum without setulae beneath tip; lower calypter reduced in size; and hind tibia with apical
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FD28FC791EC268F4" box="[649,676,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">pv</emphasis>
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seta) are relatively trivial as they tend to develop in concert as a consequence of turning from a plesiomorphic “aerial” life habit to an apomorphic “terrestrial” one. This shift in life habit has evidently taken place repeatedly in the anthomyiid evolutionary tree. The structure of the pregonites and phallus in
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FEAFFBCD1D116F61" ID-CoL="889BZ" box="[270,375,1107,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Chirosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FEAFFBCD1D116F61" box="[270,375,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">C. collini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in good agreement with the specialized state of these parts in the large, immensely diverse genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF45FBE81DD76F85" ID-CoL="3BT4" authority="Lioy" authorityName="Lioy" box="[228,433,1142,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF45FBE81D096F84" box="[228,367,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Botanophila</emphasis>
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Lioy
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</taxonomicName>
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and I propose therefore, assented by D. M. Ackland (
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<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FBE0FBE918EF6F84" box="[1089,1161,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">in litt.</emphasis>
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), the new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3AAB70FF36FB051E576FB9" ID-CoL="8B8Q4" authority="Ackland, 1968" authorityName="Ackland" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,561,1178,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF36FB051D096FB9" box="[151,367,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Botanophila collini</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB3AAB70FEDFFB041E4F6FB9" author="Ackland" box="[382,553,1178,1203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB3AAB70FF66FB2018F56E15" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66FB2018F56E15" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF66FB201DDF6FDD" bold="true" box="[199,441,1214,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB3AAB70FE68FB211EEF6FDD" box="[457,649,1215,1239]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">KYRGYZSTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Chong Kizyl-Suu river, Terskei Plateau,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B09CB3AAB70FB31FB2018876FDD" box="[1168,1249,1214,1239]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
, on excrement,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE884ECB3AAB70FF36FB7D1C916FF1" box="[151,247,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂,
|
||
<date id="FFEB102CCB3AAB70FE86FB7C1DE16FF1" box="[295,391,1250,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" value="1965-05-01">1.v.1965</date>
|
||
(Vtorov) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE29CB3AAB70FDA2FB7D1E046FF0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34862" box="[515,610,1251,1274]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34862" name="Utah Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">UMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB3AAB70FDD7FB7D1EB86FF1" box="[630,734,1251,1275]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Respublica Altai: Kosh-Agachskiy Rayon, Naryn-Gol River [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61502BCB3AAB70FF3FFA991D676E15" box="[158,257,1287,1311]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" precision="925" value="49.816666">49°49’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE61502BCB3AAB70FEA9FA991D0C6E15" box="[264,362,1287,1311]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" precision="925" value="89.53333">89°32’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B09CB3AAB70FEDCFA981DA86E15" box="[381,462,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="2520.0">2520m</quantity>
|
||
, in marmot burrow,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53FD65CB3AAB70FD11FA991EB56E15" box="[688,723,1287,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FFEB102CCB3AAB70FD7AFA981FE26E15" box="[731,900,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" value="2009-07-15" valueMax="2009-07-19" valueMin="2009-07-15">15–19.vii.2009</date>
|
||
(V. Sorokina) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44AE29CB3AAB70FB8EFA9918EF6E15" box="[1071,1161,1287,1311]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB3AAB72FF66FAB41DF96A4A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="8" pageNumber="94" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66FAB41FFC6E49" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" box="[199,922,1322,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FF66FAB41D3F6E49" bold="true" box="[199,345,1322,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FEFEFAB51DC76E49" box="[351,417,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3AAB70FE0EFAB41E656E49" box="[431,515,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very small, wing length c. 2.8mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66FAD01D0E6D10" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Colour: Head, body and appendages dark brown to black, extensively covered in dark grey dusting, even on prementum. Head ochre yellow on lower half of broad frons, dusting on parafrontals and parafacials without usual silvery shine, parafacials above middle with a reflecting dark mark. Brown striping pattern faintly developed on mesonotum, especially along dorsocentral setal rows. Calypteres and halter whitish with a light brown tinge. Abdomen with a broad, poorly delimited middorsal dark stripe; tergo-sternite VII + VIII shiny black on anterolateral parts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66F9B818D46DF9" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3AAB70FEB7F9B81DCE6D35" box="[278,424,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Figs. 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
): Fully feminized; lower facial margin lying slightly behind fronto-parafacial angle in profile view; parafacial in middle only half as wide as postpedicel; gena in profile about as wide as postpedicel, with a single row of robust setae; frons broad, frontal vitta c. 3/5 as wide as total frontal width, with strong inner and outer vertical setae, a pair of interfrontal setae, three orbital setae and two frontal setae plus some setulae; upper occiput practically bare beneath short postoculars. Antenna short; arista pubescence distinct, but shorter than greatest basal diameter of arista. Proboscis short with small labella and normal bicuspid teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66F9601CAD6CAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">Thorax: Setulae on anterior declivity of mesonotum and postpronotal lobes rather coarse and stiff. Acrostichal rows standing closer to each other than to dorsocentral rows, middle pair in front of suture enlarged. Prealar seta shorter than posterior notopleural seta. Proepisternals 2 setae; proepimerals 1 seta and 1 setula. Anepisternum without setae in upper anterior corner. Katepisternals 2 + 1. Lower calypter reduced to an almost linear, narrow fold.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3AAB70FF66F82C19596CE5" blockId="8.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Wings: Rather slender due to weakly developed anal angle. Vein C with a row of
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FBFCF82D180F6CC0" box="[1117,1129,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">v</emphasis>
|
||
setulae on more than basal two-thirds, basal to costal break with slightly enlarged
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3AAB70FD5CF8491F716CE4" box="[765,791,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="94">av</emphasis>
|
||
spinules. Cross-vein dm–cu straight and upright.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A6664CB3BAB71FF36F91419FD6DCA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3BAB71FF36F91419FD6DCA" blockId="9.[151,1436,1674,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FF36F9141D336DAA" bold="true" box="[151,341,1674,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">FIGURES 15–20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB3BAB71FEFCF9151E426DAA" box="[349,548,1675,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FEFCF9151E426DAA" box="[349,548,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">Botanophila collini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II–IV (and fragment of I). 18–20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1mm (15, 16); 0.1mm (17–20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3BAB71FF66F97318006C7A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1772,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Legs: Fore tibia with
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FE1EF9721DBD6C0E" box="[447,475,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">ad</emphasis>
|
||
seta, without
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FDDCF9731EED6C0E" box="[637,651,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">p</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FD15F9731EA96C0E" box="[692,719,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pv</emphasis>
|
||
setae, apically only with
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FC54F97218776C0E" box="[1013,1041,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">ad</emphasis>
|
||
seta and longer
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FB71F97218B86C0E" box="[1232,1246,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">d</emphasis>
|
||
seta. Mid femur with a few
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FEB5F88F1D496C22" box="[276,303,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">av</emphasis>
|
||
setae basally and some longish
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FD36F88F1ED46C22" box="[663,690,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pv</emphasis>
|
||
setae in basal half; mid tibia with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FBE8F88E18036C22" box="[1097,1125,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">ad</emphasis>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FB10F88E18AB6C22" box="[1201,1229,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pd</emphasis>
|
||
setae.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB3BAB71FABBF88E19346C23" box="[1306,1362,1808,1833]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
femur with a row of robust
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FE22F8AB1DF86C46" box="[387,414,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">av</emphasis>
|
||
setae and a few long
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FD33F8AB1ECB6C46" box="[658,685,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pv</emphasis>
|
||
setae near middle; hind tibia with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FBE8F8AB18026C46" box="[1097,1124,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">av</emphasis>
|
||
seta, 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FB1BF8AA18B06C46" box="[1210,1238,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">ad</emphasis>
|
||
setae, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FA9BF8AA19306C46" box="[1338,1366,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pd</emphasis>
|
||
setae, without any
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FE82F8C71D576C7A" box="[291,305,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">p</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FEF7F8C71D176C7A" box="[342,369,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pv</emphasis>
|
||
setae and apically without
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FD03F8C61ED86C7A" box="[674,702,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pd</emphasis>
|
||
seta but with short but robust
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB3BAB71FBB3F8C7184B6C7A" box="[1042,1069,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">pv</emphasis>
|
||
seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB3BAB72FF66F8E2188E6A17" blockId="9.[151,1436,1772,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3BAB71FEE7F8E21DFC6C9F" box="[326,410,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
): Short and club-shaped with enlarged terminalia. Tergites III–V with marginal setae weak except laterally on tergite V, without discal setae. Tergite VI exposed, bare. Sternite I setulose; sternites II–IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3BAB71FACEF83E1CD26CD7" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) foreshortened, wider than long; sternite V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB3BAB71FD16F85A1F276CD7" box="[695,833,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[177,1407,243,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 15. Habitus. 16. Head, dorsolateral view. 17. Sternites II – IV (and fragment of I). 18 – 20. Sternite V in dorsal, laterodorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm (15, 16); 0.1 mm (17 – 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252383/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="95">Figs. 18, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) enlarged, its basal apodeme reaching beneath three preceding sternites. Cerci and surstyli robust, relatively large compared to epandrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB38AB72FBCEFF09189C6BBA" box="[1135,1274,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,715,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 21 – 23. Hypopygium in lateral, posterolateral and posterior views. 24. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonites, dorsolateral view (hyp = hypandrium; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite). 25. Hypandrium, gonites, phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view. 26. Phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view (bph = basiphallus; dph = distiphallus; ejac = ejaculatory apodeme; eph = epiphallus; phap = phallapodeme). Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Figs. 21–23</figureCitation>
|
||
); surstyli with subapical incision reduced, forming a tiny notch at midlength (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB38AB72FCC2FF221FD16BDE" box="[867,951,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,715,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 21 – 23. Hypopygium in lateral, posterolateral and posterior views. 24. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonites, dorsolateral view (hyp = hypandrium; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite). 25. Hypandrium, gonites, phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view. 26. Phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view (bph = basiphallus; dph = distiphallus; ejac = ejaculatory apodeme; eph = epiphallus; phap = phallapodeme). Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow); cerci apically acutely pointed and freely projected between surstyli. Hypandrium, gonites and phallic complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E2A69CB38AB72FC57FF41181A6BF2" box="[1014,1148,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[171,1405,715,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1761]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 26. Botanophila collini, male from Altai Mts., Russia. 21 – 23. Hypopygium in lateral, posterolateral and posterior views. 24. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonites, dorsolateral view (hyp = hypandrium; pog = postgonite; prg = pregonite). 25. Hypandrium, gonites, phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view. 26. Phallapodeme, phallus and ejaculatory pump, lateral view (bph = basiphallus; dph = distiphallus; ejac = ejaculatory apodeme; eph = epiphallus; phap = phallapodeme). Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Figs. 24–26</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB38AB72FB70FF7E193D6BF2" box="[1233,1371,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FB70FF7E193D6BF2" box="[1233,1371,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Botanophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE884ECB38AB72FAC2FF7E19F16BF2" box="[1379,1431,224,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, i.e. pregonites shallow, firmly connected to central plate of hypandrium; distiphallus very reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB38AB72FF66FEB61DF96A4A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,415,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FF66FEB61D456A4A" box="[199,291,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB38AB72FF66FED21EC16A82" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB38AB72FF66FED21EC16A82" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FF66FED21D066A6F" bold="true" box="[199,352,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Central Asia. Previously known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE884ECB38AB72FC36FED31FA16A6F" box="[919,967,333,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB38AB72FBF2FED318B26A6F" box="[1107,1236,333,357]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB38AB72FB46FED219E96A6F" author="Ackland" box="[1255,1423,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); presently also from Respublica Altai in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB38AB72FDF4FEF11EC56A82" box="[597,675,367,392]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F6567CB38AB72FF66FE0A18A5698F" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA36ECCB38AB72FF66FE0A18A5698F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FF66FE0A1D416AA7" bold="true" box="[199,295,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Males have been found on excrement at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B09CB38AB72FD56FE0A1F236AA7" box="[759,837,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F342767CCB38AB72FCCBFE0B1F8D6AA7" box="[874,1003,405,429]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB38AB72FC58FE0A18FD6AA7" author="Ackland" box="[1017,1179,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Ackland, D. M. (1968) A new species of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from Kirghizia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 652 - 655." type="journal article" year="1968">Ackland 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in burrows of the Altai Marmot (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB38AB72FEE4FE271EA76ADA" authority="Kastschenko" authorityName="Kastschenko" box="[325,705,439,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Marmota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baibacina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FEE4FE271E406ADA" box="[325,550,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Marmota baibacina</emphasis>
|
||
Kastschenko
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD9B09CB38AB72FD4EFE291F5B6ADA" box="[751,829,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="2520.0">2520m</quantity>
|
||
in the Altai Mts. Details about the latter locality are given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B1DCB38AB72FEA4FE421E7B6AFE" author="Sorokina" box="[261,541,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" refString="Sorokina, V. S. & Pont, A. C. (2011) Fanniidae and Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) associated with burrows of the Altai Mountains Marmot (Marmota baibacina baibacina Kastschenko, 1899) in Siberia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3118, 31 - 44." type="journal article" year="2011">Sorokina & Pont (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These authors also document the importance of alpine marmot colonies as a habitat for muscid and fanniid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB38AB72FDB5FE611E0D6912" box="[532,619,511,536]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whether as obligate commensals exploiting marmot excrement and carcasses as food and breeding substrate, or as adventitious visitors using the burrows as shelter from harsh weather conditions. The female and immature stages are unknown, but the “terrestrial” appearance of the male fly suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C554D6FCB38AB72FF69FDF21DC6698E" box="[200,416,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Botanophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921EAFECB38AB72FF69FDF21DC6698E" box="[200,416,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="96">Botanophila collini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the community of dipteran commensals in marmot burrows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |