301 lines
40 KiB
XML
301 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="4F1CA4F000B85F3F8895B3E7613CF8FA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158281" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73840127-bbd8-4b45-9cf2-2ac070a43098" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158281" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461037191610" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orozco, Jesus & Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos" docDate="2004" docId="03FB9946FFD72909FECBAFDAFAC8D45E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00769.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 769" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFC2E13EFFD22901FFC3AB56FFEED360" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698574807834" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="23DC328002003AF016ADB79B5F573A5E">
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<mods:title id="4850B4834E0794045E0F504ACA482E7C">Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C39A4D129E0EF2E64642FB5DDC4C682">Orozco, Jesus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE60151CE41E6A73F42C9FC1DC12835D">Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0B40AC7EC09456EB81313EF6AB2CEF4B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3C78CD841E63C6E8CCF35A021EC270C7">
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<mods:date id="E184CB272165FB529F4A367D5F949692">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="E124334D4AF0708CFF39F0C7DA309ADF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.158281</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB9946FFD72909FECBAFDAFAC8D45E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6272653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB9946FFD72909FECBAFDAFAC8D45E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB9946FFD72909FECBAFDAFAC8D45E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C3487BDBFFD72904FECBAFDAFEA7D539" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FECBAFDAFD32D7C6" blockId="5.[264,732,1164,1190]" box="[264,732,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0A59F3CFFD72904FECBAFDAFD32D7C6" bold="true" box="[264,732,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FECBAFDAFD32D7C6" authority="Blanchard, 1837" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1837" box="[264,732,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FECBAFDAFD32D7C6" bold="true" box="[264,732,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FECBAFDAFDE9D7C6" bold="true" box="[264,519,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gymnetis pantherina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC355A1FFD72904FDCDAFDAFD32D7C6" author="Blanchard" box="[526,732,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Blanchard. E. (1837) Tribu des lamellicornes. In: d'Orbigny, Alcide. Voyage dan l'Amerique Meridionale, Vol 6, Part 2. Paris, pp. 155 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1837">Blanchard, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FECBAF81FEA7D539" blockId="5.[264,1323,1239,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FECBAF81FDECD790" box="[264,514,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FECBAF81FDECD790" box="[264,514,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gymnetis pantherina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a species with high variability in their elytra patterns and body color but easy to separate from the other species in the genus. The marks on the body are variable in size, distribution and margin, but they are always black. The upper color of the body varies from brown yellowish to gray greenish and the black marks are present with or without fine yellow margins (
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<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD72904FDA4AE21FD5ED6F1" box="[615,688,1399,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,855,879]" captionTargetBox="[313,1253,530,837]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1257,522,851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gymnetis pantherina. a – e Ocaña, Norte de Santander; f Bucaramanga, Santander. a – c; males; d – e, females. Scale line = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169584/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); the sternum ranges from shinny black in females to opaque gray, cream or yellowish in males. This is not an easy species to rear as the collected adults took 8–12 weeks before ovipositing and the larvae were highly cannibalistic.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FECBAEB9FE42D568" box="[264,428,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FECBAEB9FEF4D568" box="[264,282,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FEE8AEB9FE42D568" box="[299,428,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pantherina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the most common species in the entomological collections of
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD72904FB74AEB9FAC5D569" box="[1207,1323,1519,1545]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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since it is frequently found in urban landscapes in the Andean region without using any traps.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3487BDBFFD72909FEFBAD31FC21D766" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72907FEFBAD31FCE1D2CE" blockId="5.[264,1323,1239,1905]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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THIRD INSTAR LARVA. This description is based on larvae reared from adults collected in disturbed tropical dry forest. Locality data:
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD72904FC4FADD9FBC0D5C9" box="[908,1070,1679,1705]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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: Norte de Santander, Ocaña, Vereda La Pradera;
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<date id="FFEC0E90FFD72904FD98ADE1FD26D5B1" box="[603,712,1719,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2003-04-30">30IV03</date>
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,
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD72904FD1AADE1FCD6D5B1" box="[729,824,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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; Orozco, J. & Perez M. Leg. Vegetation mainly composed by
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FDCFAD89FD2DD598" box="[524,707,1759,1784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aduncum">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FDCFAD89FD2DD598" box="[524,707,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piper aduncum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FD34AD89FC92D599" box="[759,892,1759,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FC50AD89FC05D598" box="[915,1003,1759,1784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tecoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FC50AD89FC05D598" box="[915,1003,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tecoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FBE9AD89FB3ED599" box="[1066,1232,1759,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bignoniaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FB25AD89FE5CD440" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Spondias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FB25AD89FE5CD440" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spondias purpurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FE33AC51FD4DD441" box="[496,675,1799,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FD7EAC51FCD0D440" box="[701,830,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Calliandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FD7EAC51FCD0D440" box="[701,830,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calliandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FC40AC51FBF3D441" box="[899,1053,1799,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Mimosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Mimosaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FBF4AC51FAEDD440" box="[1079,1283,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="guajava">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FBF4AC51FAEDD440" box="[1079,1283,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FED3AC79FE7CD429" box="[272,402,1839,1865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FE15AC79FD4FD428" box="[470,673,1839,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FE15AC79FD4FD428" box="[470,673,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FD13AC79FC6AD429" box="[720,900,1839,1865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). First record to Norte de Santander: Ocaña (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD72904FEAFAC01FE2CD411" box="[364,450,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
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), La Playa (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD72904FDA8AC01FD2CD411" box="[619,706,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
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), Abrego (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD72904FC92AC01FC4BD411" box="[849,933,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1320.0">1320m</quantity>
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) and Santander: Bucaramanga (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD42907FED3AA4AFEB7D256" box="[272,345,284,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="960.0">960m</quantity>
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), Girón (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD42907FE01AA4AFDE4D256" box="[450,522,284,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="750.0">750m</quantity>
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), Los Santos (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD42907FD72AA4AFCE6D256" box="[689,776,284,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1510.0">1510m</quantity>
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). The individuals from Norte de Santander are larger than the Santander ones (
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<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD42907FD54AA12FD0AD23E" box="[663,740,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,855,879]" captionTargetBox="[313,1253,530,837]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[297,1257,522,851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gymnetis pantherina. a – e Ocaña, Norte de Santander; f Bucaramanga, Santander. a – c; males; d – e, females. Scale line = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Antioquia, Boyacá, Casanare, Cundinamarca, Meta, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca are the departments with known distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD42907FD50AAC2FCE4D2CE" box="[659,778,404,430]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2D78D8FFD42907FECBA801FD44D0F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[313,1253,530,837]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD42907FECBA801FD44D0F1" blockId="6.[264,1323,855,913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD42907FECBA801FE64D00F" bold="true" box="[264,394,855,879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD42907FE52A80EFD9FD00F" box="[401,625,856,879]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD42907FE52A80EFD9FD00F" box="[401,625,856,879]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gymnetis pantherina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. a–e Ocaña, Norte de Santander; f Bucaramanga, Santander. a–c; males; d–e, females. Scale line = 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2D78D8FFD42907FECBAD21FE6CD5B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" targetPageId="6">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD42907FECBAD21FE6CD5B4" blockId="6.[264,1323,1655,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD42907FECBAD21FE65D5EF" bold="true" box="[264,395,1655,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD42907FE51AD2EFD9DD5EF" box="[402,627,1656,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD42907FE51AD2EFD9DD5EF" box="[402,627,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gymnetis pantherina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4a = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD42906FEFBAC54FDEBD796" blockId="6.[264,1323,1794,1900]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1325,284,1790]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Head: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD42907FE50AC54FE30D47C" box="[403,478,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a) Maximum width of head capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD42907FC65AC54FBD2D47C" box="[934,1084,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Cranium: Smooth, sometimes rugose in the frons; color yellowish brown. Frons with a median longitudinal depression, a single posterior frontal seta, and a single anterior angle seta. One small anterior frontal seta and a exterior frontal seta are sometimes observed. Dorsoepicranium with one large and 8–12 small setae in a line diverging from mediobasal portion of head and one lateral line of 4–5 short setae at each side. Tentorial pits evident. Ocelli absent. Clypeus: Shape subtrapezoidal, with one posterior clypeal seta and two exterior clypeal setae. Preclypeus weakly sclerotized, without setae. Labrum: Anterior border trilobed, clithra present. Epipharynx: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FD9CAAB2FD4BD29E" box="[607,677,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b) Plegmata absent. Corypha with 4–5 long stout setae. Haptomeral region with conelike process with a curved row of 8–14 heli; 10–13 long and medium size setae irregularly placed behind row. Acanthoparia with 5–9 setae that vary in size from small to medium. Chaetoparia with 28–41 setae on each side with a row of 8–12 long setae delimiting the central area of epipharynx. Dexiotorma long and pternotorma small and rounded. Laetorma short and pternotorma small and rounded. Nesia with sensorial cone. Haptolachus without sensillae below the cone. Mandibles: Right mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FB38A982FEF6D076" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c) with one scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and two scissorial teeth posterior to notch, the first well defined the last weakly evident or absent. Stridulatory area elongate, narrow at the base and wide at the apex, length over four times its width. Molar area trilobed. Lateral edge with 5–6 setae. Dorsal surface in apical half with two setae. Brustia formed by 10–14 setae. Left mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FD17A8CAFCF4D0D6" box="[724,794,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d) with one scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and two welldefined scissorial teeth posterior to notch. Molar area trilobed, first lobe larger, lateral edge with five setae, dorsal surface in apical half with two seta. Basomedian angle with brustia consisting of 7–13 setae. Maxilla: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FBC0AF42FBA9D74E" box="[1027,1095,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
e) Mala with large uncus at apex and one subterminal uncus. Stridulatory area with a row of 4–5 curved acute teeth and a distal truncate process. Labium: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FCD4AF32FCB3D71E" box="[791,861,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
e) Hypopharyngeal scleroma asymmetrical, right side more prominent and sclerotized. Antennae: First antennomere longer than the two following segments together. Surface of last antennomere with two dorsal and 3–5 ventral sensory spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD52906FEFBAE52FBA9D60E" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Thorax: Thoracic spiracles with Cshaped respiratory plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FBD0AE52FBB3D67E" box="[1043,1117,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD52906FB8EAE52FBB3D67E" box="[1101,1117,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="g" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), size
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD52906FB7CAE52FAC5D67E" box="[1215,1323,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD52906FEB7AE7AFE32D626" box="[372,476,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Dorsal area of thoracic segments with abundant setae. Legs: Tarsungulus cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FDC6AE02FDA2D60E" box="[517,588,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
f), rounded apically, possessing 9–13 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD52906FEFBAE2AFE48D59E" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Abdomen: Spiracles of abdominal segments I–VIII similar in size. Distance between the two lobes of respiratory plate of spiracles less than the dorsoventral diameter of the bulla. Dorsal surface of segment I–X with abundant long and short setae irregularly placed, longer towards posterior. Dorsum of segment VII with two annulets. Segments IX and X fused, covered with short and long setae. Spiracular area of abdominal segments I– VIII with 52–65 setae. Raster: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD52906FDBAAD12FD51D53E" box="[633,703,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
h) Palidia monostichous, open posteriorly and closed anteriorly, sometimes open anteriorly; each palidium consisting of a row of 18–23 medium size with flattened apex pali. Septula elongate, length seven times its width. Lower anal lip with many short and medium size setae proximally to the anal aperture and many long setae distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBAA4AFE6ED256" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" box="[312,384,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PUPA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBAA12FB38D2E6" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Description based in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54E3D9FFDA2909FD81AA12FD79D23E" box="[578,663,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">6 male</specimenCount>
|
||
pupa. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFDA2909FC90AA12FBE9D23E" box="[851,1031,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="21.4" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="20.3">20.3–22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Shape subovate, stout, exarate. Color creamwhite yellowish without microtrichia in abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBAAC2FC60D2B6" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head: Glabrous, bent downward, mouthparts separated. Frons with slight depressions and protuberances. Clypeus trapezoid slightly concave.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBAAB2FACCD1A6" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thorax: Pronotum glabrous, convex, with well defined margins, subheptagonal in shape with two rounded protuberances at each side just in front of the pteroteca. Pteroteca free, compressed around the body, hind wing teca longer, reaching the abdominal sternite IV. Mesometasternal process small, with rounded apex emerging between the pro and mesocoxa. Protibia with three protuberances well defined in most of the cases but sometimes weakly defined or absent, one apical spur. Meso and metatibia with two apical spurs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBA982FBC2D006" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Abdomen: Tergites II–VI with tergolateral tubercles surrounded by fine rugae, segment VII with tubercle vague or absent. Spiracle I ovate with sclerotized peritreme covered by the hind wing pteroteca and protected by a fleshy fold. Spiracles II–IV ovate, prominent. Spiracles V–VIII closed. Last tergite without urogomphi.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FEFBA822FC21D766" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FEFBA822FDC0D0ED" box="[312,558,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FEFBA822FDC0D0ED" box="[312,558,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gymnetis pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae differ from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC8FA822FC55D0ED" box="[844,955,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FC8FA822FC55D0ED" box="[844,955,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gymnetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae by the following combination of characters: Tentorial pits evident, dorsoepicranium with central row of 9–13 setae, surface of last antennomere with 3–5 ventral sensory spots, spiracles of abdominal segments similar in size, palidium with a row of 18–26 pali.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3487BDBFFDA2909FE6BAF0FFAC8D45E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FE6BAF0FFB65D713" blockId="8.[424,1163,1113,1139]" box="[424,1163,1113,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FE6BAF0FFB65D713" bold="true" box="[424,1163,1113,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Key to the known third Instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC5FAF0FFB65D713" authority="MacLeay" authorityName="MacLeay" box="[924,1163,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FC5FAF0FFBE0D713" bold="true" box="[924,1038,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gymnetis</emphasis>
|
||
MacLeay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFC37F61FFDA2909FECBAFF2FAC8D45E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep id="30A630F5FFDA2909FECBAFF2FAC2D63E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAFF2FAC5D66E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAFF2FAC5D66E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
1 Surface of last antennomere with four dorsal sensory spots. Each palidium consisting of a row of 13–14 pali. Tarsungulus of leg bearing six setae..........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FEF8AFA2FD12D66D" box="[315,764,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FD28AFA2FD12D66D" authority="Gory & Percheron" authorityName="Gory & Percheron" box="[747,764,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcipes" subGenus="Paragymnetis">G</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FCD6AFA2FC56D66D" box="[789,952,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paragymnetis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FC0AAFA2FBD6D66D" box="[969,1080,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">chalcipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Gory & Percheron)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAE4AFAC2D63E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAE4AFAC2D63E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> Surface of last antennomere with 2–3 dorsal sensory spots. Each palidium consisting of a row of 10–26 pali. Tarsungulus with 8–13 setae ................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A630F5FFDA2909FECBAE3AFAC5D6B6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAE3AFAC4D6CE" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAE3AFAC4D6CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
2 Tentorial pits absent. Spiracles of abdominal segments slightly increasing in size towards posterior segments
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FD47AEC2FB4FD6CD" box="[644,1185,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC9FAEC2FB4FD6CD" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[860,1185,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hebraica" subSpecies="difficilis">Gymnetis hebraica difficilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAEEAFAC5D6B6" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" box="[264,1323,1468,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAEEAFAC5D6B6" box="[264,1323,1468,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> Tentorial pits evident. Spiracles of abdominal segments similar in size ...................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A630F5FFDA2909FECBAEB2FAC2D5FE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAEB2FAC5D52E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAEB2FAC5D52E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3 Dorsoepicranium with central row of 9–13 setae. Surface of last antennomere with 3– 5 ventral sensory spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFDA2909FD90AD5AFD75D546" box="[595,667,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Each palidium with a row of 18–26 pali (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFDA2909FB63AD5AFB08D546" box="[1184,1254,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[451,1104,1022,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[424,1111,989,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gymnetis pantherina, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 4 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158285/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
h) ....
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FEF8AD62FB45D52D" box="[315,1195,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC76AD62FB45D52D" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[949,1195,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">Gymnetis pantherina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBAD0AFAC2D5FE" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBAD0AFAC2D5FE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> Dorsoepicranium with central row of 5–7 setae. Surface of last antennomere with 2–3 ventral sensory spots. Palidium with 10–16 pali ......................................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30A630F5FFDA2909FECBADFAFAC8D45E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBADFAFAC4D58E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBADFAFAC4D58E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
4 First antennomere slightly shorter than the two following segments together. Palidium joined anteriorly
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FDC3AD82FB2BD58D" box="[512,1221,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC95AD82FB2BD58D" authority="Schaum" authorityName="Schaum" box="[854,1221,1748,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavomarginata" subSpecies="sallei">Gymnetis flavomarginata sallei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Schaum
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFDA2909FECBADAAFAC8D45E" blockId="8.[264,1324,1188,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30A38B65FFDA2909FECBADAAFAC8D45E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
First antennomere longer than the two following segments together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFDA2909FB96ADAAFB75D476" box="[1109,1179,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Palidium open anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFDA2909FE3AAC72FDD7D45E" box="[505,569,1828,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
h)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFDA2909FD9CAC72FB01D45D" box="[607,1263,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFDA2909FC32AC72FB01D45D" authority="Vo" authorityName="Vo" box="[1009,1263,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">Gymnetis holosericea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Vo e t
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |