339 lines
46 KiB
XML
339 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="CE1335ABBDA648C2989494C2D955943A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821026" ID-ZooBank="3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657611643055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2022" docId="03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5164.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5164 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heligmaster pele Mah 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFF7FD66922BE97BEB6E4C15FFC4FFDC" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1699345508031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="ECF6B311365AD0A08C22502F07D82ECF">New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E732ABADC23C580D58F85EEAF33B023">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="01141DC57F6C8B30637D0AFF2CC88503">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9360CC4408DCA63D9F7DA97E9BEA6C56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D34FEF6905A3218FEF170A19D932944E">
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<mods:date id="17CDF31EF716427FE6AFCDAC5ABCB2FD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7F4132813A578C32897EA54C7160C528">2022-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ECCFC9CD694A1197C227EACE966ADB48">5164</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FE8F758AB4DA32310DA45D2906588040">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4FAE9580547CBC1FA04F2E31FF4E33F5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0E9B631FDF60FCD36898DE59936669C3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="54E11B501745ACE9F69A6EF2C4EA2460" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9817271F8D89F4AC6797B67B52049CF8" type="Zenodo-Dep">6821026</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B54EE175927450C244EA9B51CBF1B695" type="ZooBank">3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE96DEBF94F57FE69FC81" box="[151,429,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBF94F57FE69FC81" blockId="22.[151,429,834,897]" box="[151,429,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0908364923DE96DEBF94F57FE69FC81" bold="true" box="[151,429,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBF94F57FE69FC81" bold="true" box="[151,429,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DEBF94F57FEA0FC81" ID-CoL="9FY9W" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,356,834,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pele" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBF94F57FEA0FC81" bold="true" box="[151,356,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster pele</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DEA054F56FE69FC81" box="[363,429,835,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE96DEBF94F72FE87FC5D" box="[151,323,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBF94F72FE87FC5D" blockId="22.[151,429,834,897]" box="[151,323,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation id="135C288D923DE96DEBF94F72FED4FC5D" box="[151,272,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 7</figureCitation>
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A-G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE96DEBF94FBAFD1EFC31" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBF94FBAFD1EFC31" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBF94FBAFEDAFC15" bold="true" box="[151,286,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species is named for
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE9294FBAFDBDFC15" box="[583,633,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pele</emphasis>
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, the Hawaiian god of volcanos alluding to the basalt substrate on which this species was collected. Noun held in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE96DEBA94FE3FDC5FB35" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBA94FE3FDC5FB35" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBA94FE3FE86FBCC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1014,1040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body strongly stellate (R/r=7.7–8.6), arms elongate and strongly recurved. Abactinal spines, glassine delicate clusters 1–4 per plate, sitting on similarly delicate, glassine plates. Marginal plates with short, round base, displaying 15–20 spines with 1 or more especially elongate. Marginals show 1 to 3 correspondence with subambulacrals. Lateral area between marginal and subambulacral mostly smooth but with small mound-like plates showing 2 to 6 sharp, pointed spines on disk and proximally on arms. Subambulacrals with 6 to 8 spines. Actinal intermediate area present, covered with spine clusters, each with 3 to 5 spines. Furrow spines unwebbed, acicular, 1 to 5, mostly 4 or 5 proximally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE96DEBA948E7FC95F945" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBA948E7FB0AF9D5" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBA948E7FE8BFAD0" bold="true" box="[199,335,1266,1292]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DEA3948E6FDDCFAD1" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[343,536,1267,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pele" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEA3948E6FDDCFAD1" box="[343,536,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster pele</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE94E48E6FD9BFAD1" bold="true" box="[544,607,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DE94E48E6FD9BFAD1" box="[544,607,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DE99848E6FC26FAD1" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[758,994,1267,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kanaloa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE99848E6FC26FAD1" box="[758,994,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster kanaloa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE88448E6FBEEFAD1" bold="true" box="[1002,1066,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DE88448E6FBEEFAD1" box="[1002,1066,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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in the possession of larger numbers of marginal and subambulacral plate spines, unwebbed furrow spines and a much greater arm to disk ratio (R/r). These characters were consistently observed in both individuals, a smaller (R=2.6) specimen and a much larger (R=14.7) one. The
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA923DE96DEAD8494AFDDCFAA5" box="[438,536,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DE950494AFCEEFAA5" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[574,810,1375,1401]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kanaloa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE950494AFCEEFAA5" box="[574,810,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster kanaloa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE85C494AFCB5FAA5" bold="true" box="[818,881,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DE85C494AFCB5FAA5" box="[818,881,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is much smaller (R= approximately 7.0) than the
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA923DE96DEBF94996FF3DFA41" box="[151,249,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DEA4C4996FE21FA41" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[290,485,1411,1437]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pele" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEA4C4996FE21FA41" box="[290,485,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster pele</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEA834996FDEAFA41" bold="true" box="[493,558,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DEA834996FDEAFA41" box="[493,558,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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but displays fewer marginal and subambulacral plate spines, webbed furrow spines and has much less of an arm to disk ratio. Papulae were absent in the smaller individual but abundant in the larger
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA923DE96DEBB149DEFE85FA39" box="[223,321,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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suggesting a size-related expression of this character. The larger
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA923DE96DEF4F49DEFB47FA39" box="[1057,1155,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DEFC749DEFA51FA39" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[1193,1429,1483,1509]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kanaloa">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEFC749DEFA51FA39" box="[1193,1429,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster kanaloa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also displays papulae which appears consistent with the size-related expression of this character.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBA94A06FE12F9A9" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DEBA94A06FE67F9F1" authority="observations" authorityName="Observations" box="[199,419,1555,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBA94A06FEC9F9F0" box="[199,269,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">In situ</emphasis>
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observations
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</taxonomicName>
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of this species by the R/V
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DE9A04A06FCE9F9F1" box="[718,813,1555,1581]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE9A04A06FCE9F9F1" box="[718,813,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nautilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were made of both the smaller white individual and the larger orange individual (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D923DE96DEADF4A22FDC2F98D" box="[433,518,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
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). However, as with
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923DE96DE98C4A22FC09F98D" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[738,973,1591,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kanaloa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE98C4A22FC09F98D" box="[738,973,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heligmaster kanaloa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DE8BD4A22FBD5F98D" bold="true" box="[979,1041,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923DE96DE8BD4A22FBD5F98D" box="[979,1041,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
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trends in coloration are not evident from available observations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBA94A6BFC95F945" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" box="[199,849,1662,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBA94A6BFE98F944" bold="true" box="[199,348,1662,1688]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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NW of the Hawaiian Islands,
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<quantity id="4C9F99ED923DE96DE9C14A6AFC89F945" box="[687,845,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5915" metricValueMax="2.776" metricValueMin="2.407" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="2591.5" valueMax="2776.0" valueMin="2407.0">2407–2776 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D6783923DE963EBA94AB7FDE4FB19" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE96DEBA94AB7FCD1F93D" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A923DE96DEBA94AB7FE9DF961" bold="true" box="[199,345,1698,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
|
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Body strongly stellate (R/r=7.7–8.6) with elongate, tapering arms with recurved distalmost tips. Disk thick, interradial arcs acute, body strongly concave.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD83408923DE963EBA94AFEFEC0FE9D" blockId="22.[151,1437,943,2013]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Abactinal surface covered by a thin membrane through which interior details such as the distalmost ambulacrals and stomach/disk structures are visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D923DE96DE9074B1AFD02F8F5" box="[617,710,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface covered with delicate polygonal, flattened, imbricate plates, nearly translucent on disk at R=2.6, each covered by short spines, 1 to 4 per plate, ensacculate, widely spaced on each plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D923DE96DEA534B42FE53F8AD" box="[317,407,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates with multiple spines present proximally but becoming predominantly single spines distally along arm, these all widely spaced from one another. Papulae single with greatest abundance proximally on each arm, arranged into roughly four series along arm distance, pinching out distally. Papulae absent in smaller specimen (R=2.6). In smaller sized individual (R=2.6), abactinal spines are much finer and much more needle-like, numbering 1 to 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EA094C82FE7AFF6D" box="[359,446,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). On large sized specimen (R=7.7) spines cover the complete disk surface, including the interradial regions, but the smaller individual displays naked, interradii on the disk. Madreporite large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EE5B4CAEFA4AFF09" box="[1333,1422,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9233E963EA2F4CCAFE47FF25" box="[321,387,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at R=7.7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9233E963E9EA4CCBFD2DFF25" box="[644,745,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
at R=2.6, circular in shape, raised well off the surface of the abactinal surface. Anus covered by pointed, acicular spinelets, approximately 9 around opening. No pedicellariae observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF186480923CE96CEBF94B59FDCAF828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" targetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408923CE96CEBF94B59FDCAF828" blockId="23.[151,1437,1868,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEBF94B59FCA6F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,866,1868,1892]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
FIGURE 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923CE96CEA744B59FE0EF8B8" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[282,458,1868,1892]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Heligmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pele" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEA744B59FE0EF8B8" bold="true" box="[282,458,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Heligmaster pele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205561923CE96CEABF4B59FD9AF8B8" box="[465,606,1868,1892]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MCZ 151023,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEE754B59FAF7F8B8" bold="true" box="[1307,1331,1868,1892]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal body view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEA624B65FEE7F854" bold="true" box="[268,291,1904,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CE8DD4B65FC08F854" bold="true" box="[947,972,1904,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEBF94B81FF74F870" bold="true" box="[151,176,1940,1964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CE9854B81FCC6F870" bold="true" box="[747,770,1940,1964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E.</emphasis>
|
||
MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CE9C24BADFD7BF80C" bold="true" box="[684,703,1976,2000]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEBA54BC9FF21F828" bold="true" box="[203,229,2012,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923CE96CEB824BC8FE74F828" authority="observation." authorityName="Observation." box="[236,432,2012,2036]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923CE96CEB824BC8FEE8F828" box="[236,300,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
observation.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
no scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94D5EFEADFE29" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Marginal plates widely spaced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963E95A4D5EFD48FEB9" box="[564,652,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 15–20 (mostly 15–18) jagged spinelets with one central sharp spine dominating. Spines pointed, glassine with tiny thornlets. Marginals, 52 per interradius (armtip to armtip) twice the size of the adjacent subambulacral spines. At R=2.2, marginal plates, 26 per interradius (armtip to armtip) with very fine spines, 12–20 delicate, almost hair-like. Spacing between marginal plates widest proximally, shortest adjacent to armtip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94DEAFEB7FCC9" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Subambulacral plates mound-like bearing sharp-spines, 6 to 8, numbering 150 to 162 per interradius (armtip to armtip)at R=7.7. Subambulacrals number approximately three times as many marginals with 1 marginal spaced for every 3 adambulacral and distinctly separated by dermal covered surface. Furrow spines 1 to 6, mostly 5 or 6 with distalmost arm bearing single acicular spine. Each spine covered with weakly developed dermis but otherwise unwebbed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EA754E9AFEB5FD75" box="[283,369,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smaller individual (R=2.2) with 1 to 5 acicular, completely free spines, delicate almost hairlike in texture. Oral plates with 12–15 furrow spines forming serial perimeter around oral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EFA94EA6FAE4FD11" box="[1223,1312,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each oral plate with 3 enlarged spines projecting into mouth, (6 per interradius). Oral plate surface with 3 to 4 spines, total 6 to 8 per interradius.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94F0AFE05FC31" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Actinal surface covered by thick dermis forming discrete transverse segments forming contiguous associations between adambulacral and marginal plates. These segments are contiguous with the lateral areas along the arms between the marginal plates and the adambulacral plates. These lateral areas are smooth and bare along the arm, but adjacent to the disk, covered by 1 to 3 mound shaped plates (obscured by dermis) each bearing 2 to 6 sharp spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EBF14FBAFF3CFC15" box="[159,248,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fewer spines distally, plates on actinal intermediate “segment” with greatest number of plates (three) with each bearing 3 to 6 spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94FE2FF29FBE9" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ambulacral head viewed laterally, head rounded directed proximally, neck flat, base quadrate to spoon shaped.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA9482AFA81FB85" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,1349,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Pyloric stomach well-developed, extended on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9233E963E9A3482AFCF6FB85" box="[717,818,1087,1113]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, surface covered with black coloring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9233E963EFB0482AFAFCFB85" box="[1246,1336,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,183,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[192,1396,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Heligmaster pele n. gen., n. sp. Holotype MCZ 151023, Scale bar=5.0 mm unless otherwise noted. A. Abactinal body view. B. Close up disk surface showing madreporite, spines and papulae. C. Close up on marginal paxillae, furrow spines. D. Actinal surface showing mouth and tube foot grooves. E. MCZ 151015 paratype, (R=2.2) Smaller specimen showing disk characters, especially spination. Scale bar=0.5 mm. F. Close-up on holotype showing unwebbed furrow spines. Scale bar=2.0 mm. G. In situ observation. no scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821046/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94876FC30FB7D" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tube feet, muscular with a well-developed ring shaped tip. Podial pores biserial but becoming more crowded distally giving the appearance of a single row of tube feet adjacent to armtip.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA948BEFDE4FB19" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,544,1195,1221]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Color in life orange and white.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839233E963EBA948DBFE54FA1C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA948DBFB24FAD1" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EBA948DBFE7FFB34" bold="true" box="[199,443,1230,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559233E963EAA948DAFB24FAD1" collectingDate="2018-09-29" collectionCode="V, R" county="Argus" elevation="2407" latitude="25.40331" location="Hawaiian Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.92561" municipality="Hercules" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="MCZ 151023" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EAA948DAFDFFFB35" bold="true" box="[455,571,1231,1257]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9233E963EAA948DAFDF2FB35" box="[455,566,1231,1257]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C739233E963E92848DAFD21FB35" box="[582,741,1230,1257]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">MCZ 151023</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB862D39233E963E99A48DAFC7AFB35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9:8EB862D39233E963E99A48DAFC7AFB35" box="[756,958,1231,1257]" county="Argus" latitude="25.40331" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.92561" municipality="Hercules" name="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hawaiian Islands</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9233E963E8A348DBFBBAFB35" box="[973,1150,1230,1257]" degrees="25.4033117059" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="25.40331">25.4033117059</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9233E963EFE348DBFAE9FB35" box="[1165,1325,1230,1257]" degrees="163.9256143" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-163.92561">-163.9256143</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9233E963EE5248DAFA53FB35" box="[1340,1431,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.407" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2407.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B9233E963EE5248DAFA53FB35" box="[1340,1431,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.407" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2407.0">2407 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. ROV grab,
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EA3948E6FDC0FAD1" box="[343,516,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAE729233E963EA3948E6FE73FAD1" box="[343,439,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hercules</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94C849233E963EAAD48E6FDC0FAD1" box="[451,516,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Argus</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
aboard E/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9233E963E91648E6FD4FFAD1" box="[632,651,1267,1293]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963E9FC48E6FD35FAD1" box="[658,753,1267,1293]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963E9FC48E6FD35FAD1" box="[658,753,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nautilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD912C89233E963E99148E6FC5AFAD1" box="[767,926,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2018-09-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DEB209233E963E99148E6FC5AFAD1" box="[767,926,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2018-09-29">29 Sept. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. 1 wet spec.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9233E963EF4248E6FB84FAD1" box="[1068,1088,1267,1293]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=~14.7, r=1.9.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBA94902FC39FA89" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559233E963EBA94902FE74FA89" collectionCode="MCZ" elevation="2776" latitude="25.319824" location="Hawaiian Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.74135" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="MCZ 151015" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EBA94902FEFFFAED" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9233E963EBA94902FEF2FAED" box="[199,310,1303,1329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C739233E963EA2A4902FE26FAED" box="[324,482,1302,1329]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">MCZ 151015</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB862D39233E963EA814902FD73FAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E923DE963EBF94F57FCF7F8D9:8EB862D39233E963EA814902FD73FAED" box="[495,695,1303,1329]" latitude="25.319824" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-163.74135" name="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hawaiian Islands</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9233E963E9AD4903FCA3FAED" box="[707,871,1302,1329]" degrees="25.319824225" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="25.319824">25.319824225</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9233E963E81B4903FBF4FAED" box="[885,1072,1302,1329]" degrees="163.741351845" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-163.74135">-163.741351845</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9233E963EF504902FB53FAED" box="[1086,1175,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.776" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2776.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B9233E963EF504902FB53FAED" box="[1086,1175,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.776" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2776.0">2776 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. ROV slurp gun,
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EBF9492EFE81FA89" box="[151,325,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hercules/Argus</emphasis>
|
||
aboard E
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559233E963EAD6492EFC9FFA89" box="[440,859,1339,1365]" collectingDate="2018-09-30" collectionCode="V" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9233E963EAD6492EFE0FFA89" box="[440,459,1339,1365]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EABD492EFDF6FA89" box="[467,562,1339,1365]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EABD492EFDF6FA89" box="[467,562,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nautilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD912C89233E963E958492EFD12FA89" box="[566,726,1339,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2018-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DEB209233E963E958492EFD12FA89" box="[566,726,1339,1365]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2018-09-30">30 Sept. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 1 wet spec
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9233E963E808492EFCBEFA89" box="[870,890,1339,1365]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=2.6, r=0.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBF949B3FE54FA1C" blockId="24.[151,400,1446,1472]" box="[151,400,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EBF949B3FE54FA1C" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,400,1446,1472]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EBF949B3FE54FA1C" bold="true" box="[151,400,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">GONIASTERIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839233E963EBF949FBFCF7F8D9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089233E963EBF949FBFCF7F8D9" blockId="24.[151,1437,1518,1797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EBF949FBFEDBF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1518,1544]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EA3449FAFE32F9D5" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[346,502,1519,1545]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest and most diverse family of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963E8A749FAFB81F9D5" box="[969,1093,1519,1545]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including over 270 species in over 70 genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99233E963EA204A06FDEBF9F1" author="Mah, C. & Blake, D. B." box="[334,559,1555,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="35644" refId="ref47877" refString="Mah, C. & Blake, D. B. (2012) Global Diversity and Phylogeny of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata). PLoS ONE, 7 (4), e 35644. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0035644" type="journal article" year="2012">Mah & Blake 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); representatives have been reported from all oceans and all depths, including the abyss (>
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9233E963EA4E4A22FEB9F98D" box="[288,381,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
). Although the most heavily sampled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963E8434A22FC0DF98D" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[813,969,1591,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the CAPSTONE expedition were the corallivorous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EA304A4EFE38F9A9" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[350,508,1627,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hippasterinae">Hippasterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a broad morphological diversity of taxa were sampled.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EF114A4EFAB9F9A9" box="[1151,1405,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EF114A4EFADDF9A9" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[1151,1305,1627,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Okeanosaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Okeanosaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
hohonui
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963EEE84A4EFECBF945" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n. gen. n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is a species that displays unusual morphological characters not previously seen from lower bathyal and abyssal settings. CAPSTONE collections also suggest that diversity for some groups, such as the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963EE074AB6FECFF93D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hippasterinae">Hippasterinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, remains poorly understood. A report on other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9233E963E8754AD2FCA5F93C" box="[795,865,1735,1760]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="74" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9233E963E8754AD2FCA5F93C" box="[795,865,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
video observations and occurrence of goniasterids from the CAPSTONE campaign is currently in preparation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |