223 lines
30 KiB
XML
223 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="C0399BB6F43886A9F7A996894D6E8B52" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821026" ID-ZooBank="3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657611643055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2022" docId="03CE851E9225E96BEBF94EE3FD6BFE71" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5164.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5164 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Freyastera mortenseni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFF7FD66922BE97BEB6E4C15FFC4FFDC" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699345508031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9E9D9306D33C07DEDD0414CF32AAC490">New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF4A6DA9448A5FEB982B25FB8FD13341">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A0984BDFBB19BE234995607EC021D1E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EFE5D34EF4337937D99C7EFA4128E01A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4979B93DAD9C06946A007DE10F716845">
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<mods:date id="7BCBA7F3361208773F3E9C003B0931CE">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="45DC7BE61ECA3B8908BA74A2C7717A23">2022-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE340DE79110275F1FFD24B16B63A873">5164</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7CB180C0CA45EE83842239894FF591A7">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="8A9E5BA4B1BC53BEEC16726B28CB9389">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A03E58D97FA8096658A97D57FAB81251">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DBDEE4698232006D4E45184D9376C709" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A3E5EBCB71A65E38F0C3B31145C96A2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CE851E9225E96BEBF94EE3FD6BFE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E9225E96BEBF94EE3FD6BFE71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE851E9225E96BEBF94EE3FD6BFE71" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839225E975EBF94EE3FDACFCD3" box="[151,616,757,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBF94EE3FDACFCD3" blockId="14.[151,616,757,820]" box="[151,616,757,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D09083649225E975EBF94EE3FDACFCD3" bold="true" box="[151,616,757,784]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975EBF94EE3FDACFCD3" ID-CoL="6JNTF" authority="(Madsen 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[151,616,757,784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mortenseni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBF94EE3FDACFCD3" bold="true" box="[151,616,757,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBF94EE3FE6CFCCC" bold="true" box="[151,424,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera mortenseni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99225E975EAD94EE0FDA4FCD3" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[439,608,757,783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref47296" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6000 m. Galathea Reports, 2, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839225E975EBF94F0FFCD9FCAA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBF94F0FFE80FCE8" blockId="14.[151,616,757,820]" box="[151,324,794,820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975EBF94F0FFE80FCE8" box="[151,324,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4A–F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBF94F4BFCD9FCAA" blockId="14.[151,797,862,886]" box="[151,797,862,886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99225E975EBF94F4BFE8EFCAA" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[151,330,862,886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref47296" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6000 m. Galathea Reports, 2, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956: 29</bibRefCitation>
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; Clark & Mah 2000: 322; McKnight 2006: 81
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839225E975EBF94FB1FDEAFBDA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBF94FB1FDEAFBDA" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBF94FB1FED6FC62" bold="true" box="[151,274,932,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Abactinal surface covered by polygonal plates each with 5–9 spinelets. Proximal arm region with 4–6 plate count across arm width, each with 1–5 spinelets. Adambulacral plates with single furrow spine, 2 subambulacral spines (narrowing to 1 distally).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839225E975EBA94805FB7CFAB3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA94805FDC1FB02" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBA94805FE8BFBF6" bold="true" box="[199,335,1040,1066]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975EA384804FD97FBF6" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[342,595,1041,1066]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mortenseni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EA384804FD97FBF6" box="[342,595,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera mortenseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is identified based on the arrangement of the adambulacral spines, a single furrow spine and two subambulacral spines in an oblique row as well as the pedicellariae on the abactinal surface and the pedicellariae morphology. Scanning electron micrographs were consistent with those illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99225E975EE2A484DFF21FB4B" author="Madsen, F. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref47296" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6000 m. Galathea Reports, 2, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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. McKnight (2006) moved
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975E97E4869FC55FB4B" authority="Madsen 1956" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1956" box="[528,913,1148,1175]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mortenseni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975E97E4869FD35FB4A" box="[528,753,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyella mortenseni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99225E975E9974869FC55FB4B" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[761,913,1148,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref47296" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6000 m. Galathea Reports, 2, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975E8DB4868FBEBFB4A" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1986" box="[949,1071,1149,1174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975E8DB4868FBEBFB4A" box="[949,1071,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on its six rays. The specimen described herein is consistent with the slender ambulacral and adambulacral ossicles which are synapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975EB9648D0FDC4FB02" authority="(Mah 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[248,512,1220,1246]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EB9648D0FEB6FB02" box="[248,370,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera</emphasis>
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(Mah 1996)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA948FCFE90FA96" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975EBA948FCFE85FADE" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[199,321,1257,1282]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBA948FCFE85FADE" box="[199,321,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in need of revision with many
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975E9A948FDFCBBFADE" box="[711,895,1256,1282]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975E9A948FDFCE1FADE" box="[711,805,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyella</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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showing six rays and similar morphology. It is possible that further refinement within
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9225E975E9364918FD16FAFA" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[600,722,1293,1318]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975E9364918FD16FAFA" box="[600,722,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Freyastera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might affect the identity of this species (e.g. as a synonym of another species).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA94941FB7CFAB3" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" box="[199,1208,1364,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBA94941FD46FAB2" bold="true" box="[199,642,1364,1390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Occurrence:
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<collectingCountry id="F37074989225E975EA0F4941FDF4FAB2" box="[353,560,1364,1390]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
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region
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</emphasis>
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, Kermadec Trench (New Zealand).
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<quantity id="4C9F99ED9225E975EF784941FB70FAB3" box="[1046,1204,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="6.16" metricValueMin="3.77" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="4965.0" valueMax="6160.0" valueMin="3770.0">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EF784941FB8AFAB2" bold="true" box="[1046,1102,1364,1390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3770</emphasis>
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||
–6160 m
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839225E96BEBA9496DFD49FE9D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA9496DFE5CFA22" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9225E975EBA9496DFE9DFA4E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1400,1426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</emphasis>
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Body stellate, arms elongate (R/r>25.0), proximal abactinal cover distended becoming flattened and transparent, allowing ambulacrals to be visible, along remainder of arm (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975E8994989FBB6FA6B" box="[1015,1138,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
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). Interradial arcs acute but distinct concavity (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975EA0249D5FE23FA07" box="[364,487,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
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). Basal arm width at disk contact narrow becoming wider due to abactinal dissension along proximal region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA94A1DFF35F926" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Abactinal surface covered by abutted flattened to weakly convex plates, thin and translucent, polygonal to irregularly rounded plates. Each plate with one to four, mostly two or three sharp spinelets. Remainder of plate surface covered by 10 to 40 pedicellariae, approximately 10–15 present along a 1.0 mm line. Larger single spines present centrally on disk with smaller, spines present on disk periphery, arm plates. Madreporite raised above plane of disk (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975EB9C4A8DFE88F96F" box="[242,332,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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), surrounded by 10 to 20 sharp spines projecting around lateral edge, 2 to 8 on madreporite surface. Spination and pedicellariae present only on abactinal plates with lateral, more ventrally facing surface spineless and smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089225E975EBA94B11FCA9F80F" blockId="14.[151,1437,932,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Basal adambulacral plates in contact interradially in unfused syzygy (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975E8BC4B11FBEFF8C3" box="[978,1067,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adambulacral plates vertebraeshaped. Each adambulacral with three total spines forming lateral series. Adambulacral spines all covered with a sheath covered in abundant pedicellariae. Two spines projecting dorsolaterally with one spine projecting ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975EBF14B65FF30F857" box="[159,244,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Of the two dorsolateral projecting spines, the uppermost is most elongate, approximately 1.0 cm in length, with adjacent spine and that of the downward directed spine, approximately half the length. Dorsolateral projecting adambulacral spines correspond to tube feet along arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9225E975E8644BADFCA4F80F" box="[778,864,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089224E974EBA94C82FBDBFF25" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Pedicellariae composed of three-part “forcipulate” wrench-like valves, articulated near base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9224E974EF824C82FA8CFF6D" box="[1260,1352,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve tips with 10 shank-like teeth of two lengths in different rows flanked on each corner by large, pronounced fang-like points. Three to four shank-like teeth along lateral edges of each valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9224E974E8D44CCAFBD6FF25" box="[954,1042,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1864809224E974EBF94B65FB6DF80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" targetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089224E974EBF94B65FB6DF80C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1904,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EBF94B65FD7FF85B" bold="true" box="[151,699,1904,1928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
FIGURE 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9224E974EA754B65FD71F854" authority="(Madsen, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[283,693,1904,1928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Brisingida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mortenseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EA754B65FDC3F854" bold="true" box="[283,519,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Freyastera mortenseni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99224E974E97B4B65FD6AF854" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[533,686,1904,1928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref47296" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from depths exceeding 6000 m. Galathea Reports, 2, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar=3.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974E8E54B65FC67F854" bold="true" box="[907,931,1904,1928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Whole body-top/lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EFB54B65FB36F854" bold="true" box="[1243,1266,1904,1928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9224E974EF974B64FAFEF854" box="[1273,1338,1905,1928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EF974B64FAFEF854" box="[1273,1338,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
abactinal view showing disk.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EA314B81FEB3F870" bold="true" box="[351,375,1940,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral view showing mouth spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974E9BC4B81FD2FF870" bold="true" box="[722,747,1940,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EE774B80FAEBF870" box="[1305,1327,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Individual valve showing teeth on tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9224E974EAC14BADFE06F80C" bold="true" box="[431,450,1976,2000]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408923BE96BEBA94C82FB35FF25" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Oral spines, two each plate, projecting into mouth, one suboral spine on oral plate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D923BE96BEFD74C82FAD5FF6D" box="[1209,1297,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, each interradius with four spines projecting into mouth, two per paired oral plate. As with adambulacral/lateral spines all spines in the oral region with thick sheath with embedded pedicellariae. Tube foot grooves shallow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408923BE96BEBA94D16FD49FE9D" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Color in life was a very light orange to pink weakening to white distally along the arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D923BE96BEFD14D16FADDFEC1" box="[1215,1305,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,274,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-61@15.[151,1436,273,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Freyastera mortenseni (Madsen, 1956). Scale bar=3.0 mm. A. Whole body-top/lateral view. B. In situ abactinal view showing disk. C. Oral view showing mouth spines. D. Pedicellariae with articulated valves. Scale bar=20 µm E. Individual valve showing teeth on tip. F. Oral view showing tube foot groove as well as lateral and furrow spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821036/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimen was sitting on manganese-encrusted boulder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D6783923BE96BEBA94D5FFD6BFE71" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408923BE96BEBA94D5FFD6BFE71" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923BE96BEBA94D5FFE7CFEB8" bold="true" box="[199,440,330,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material Examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BEAD34D5EFDCAFEB9" box="[445,526,331,357]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1453620 Utu Seamount, American Samoan region, South Pacific Ocean. -12.65, - 167.27,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED923BE96BEB9E4D7AFE82FE55" box="[240,326,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="3770.0">3770 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BEAE24D7AFE1FFE55" box="[396,475,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NOAA</collectionCode>
|
||
ship
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B923BE96BE97B4D7AFD1BFE55" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[533,735,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A923BE96BE97B4D7AFD1BFE55" box="[533,735,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with ROV D2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BE8E74D7AFC6AFE55" box="[905,942,367,393]" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EX</collectionCode>
|
||
1702.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BE8964D7BFBDAFE55" box="[1016,1054,366,393]" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">EX</collectionCode>
|
||
1702_IMG_20170221
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BEE794D7BFAECFE55" box="[1303,1320,366,393]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T</collectionCode>
|
||
005042Z_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BEBF94D86FF38FE71" box="[151,252,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ROVHD</collectionCode>
|
||
.jpg orange, 1 wet spec.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD923BE96BE9654D86FDDAFE71" box="[523,542,403,429]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R</collectionCode>
|
||
> 10.0, r=0.4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |