330 lines
50 KiB
XML
330 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="78F765614E38ECFD936A76A71CF8B4CF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821026" ID-ZooBank="3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657611643055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2022" docId="03CE851E9219E94FEBF94C82FD0DFAD1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5164.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5164 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hippasteria capstonei Mah 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFF7FD66922BE97BEB6E4C15FFC4FFDC" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699345508031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="719B859CCFCCAABC9F76B64140C583D4">New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="76A529FB9ABD70763A22A91F1DCEEBD8">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6793F143ECDE3C32B5750C66A0458857">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D993989523CEF81D650B3A6C21251572">
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<mods:date id="E00D7A598110AC484C04ED2BE34EFF9B">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E18B69E54C7A763D5B099A64C890BFF6">2022-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A2C776DD850375BE0CBA7228A1D97C78">5164</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B16CD8A01E2733E16194EE90D1CBB37D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9D25E4C2E1756801F55174E83873A870">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FAF7826D826024977730CE2549D94E66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FC35A00F1B911CD9D17597058B54727D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9620E96232D92C11AFA067D270DB2ECC" type="Zenodo-Dep">6821026</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E949EBF94C82FE2CFF6D" box="[151,488,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBF94C82FE2CFF6D" blockId="50.[151,488,151,213]" box="[151,488,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D09083649219E949EBF94C82FE2CFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,488,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBF94C82FE2CFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,488,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EBF94C82FE5AFF6D" ID-CoL="9FYB4" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,414,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capstonei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBF94C82FE5AFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,414,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria capstonei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619219E949EAC84C82FE2CFF6D" box="[422,488,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E949EBF94CAEFE9FFF09" box="[151,347,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBF94CAEFE9FFF09" blockId="50.[151,488,151,213]" box="[151,347,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949EBF94CAEFE9FFF09" box="[151,347,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 17 A–G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E949EBF94D16FCE1FEB9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBF94D16FCE1FEB9" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBF94D16FEE6FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,290,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology:</emphasis>
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This species is named in honor of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E9A44D16FC50FEC1" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[714,916,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E9A44D16FC50FEC1" box="[714,916,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pacific survey expedition named Campaign to Address Pacific monument Science, Technology, and Ocean NEeds or CAPSTONE (from 2015 to 2017) under the auspice of which, this species was observed and collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E949EBA94D7AFB87FDE1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA94D7AFB87FDE1" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA94D7AFE86FE55" bold="true" box="[199,322,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body shape weakly stellate (R/r=1.9), arms short, interradial arcs weakly curved. Abactinal surface covered by abundance of large bivalve pedicellariae, equal to 3 or 4 granules in length and short, conical pointed spines. Superomarginal plates with conical, pointed spines, 1 to 5 present on a raised platform on the superomarginals with a sculpted pattern on the surface. One or two, exceptionally three large, conical bullet-shaped spines located centrally on each actinal plate. Furrow spines three per plate, round in cross-section, evenly spaced, blunt tipped. One or two enlarged, blunt tipped subambulacral spines present in transverse series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E949EBA94E52FD1EFAA6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA94E52FADFFD76" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA94E52FE8BFDBD" bold="true" box="[199,335,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Comments.</emphasis>
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Although the specimen was not tested with molecular phylogenetic methods, the bullet shaped spines and the bivalve pedicellariae support this species as a member of the “
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8974E79FB08FD59" box="[1017,1228,619,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heathi">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E8974E79FB08FD59" box="[1017,1228,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria heathi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade” as outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99219E949EBD44E9AFE45FD75" author="Mah, C. L. & Neill, K & Eleaume, M. & Foltz, D." box="[186,385,655,682]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="422 - 456" refId="ref48107" refString="Mah, C. L., Neill, K, Eleaume, M. & Foltz, D. (2014) New Species and global revision of Hippasteria (Hippasterinae: Goniasteridae; Asteroidea; Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 422 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12131" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Mah
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EB9B4E85FEE2FD75" box="[245,294,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, which includes
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E9524E85FB9FFD75" box="[572,1115,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E9524E85FC8EFD75" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[572,842,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="falklandica">Hippasteria falklandica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E83B4E85FC04FD75" box="[853,960,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heathi">H. heathi</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8A54E85FB9FFD75" authorityName="Mah, Neill, Eleaume & Foltz" authorityYear="2014" box="[971,1115,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mcknighti">H. mcknighti</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EFF74E85FAD0FD75" authorityName="Mah, Neill, Eleaume & Foltz" authorityYear="2014" box="[1177,1300,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tiburoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EFF74E85FAD0FD75" box="[1177,1300,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. tiburoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA94EA1FE1AFC15" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EBA94EA1FE05FD11" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,449,692,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capstonei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA94EA1FE05FD11" box="[199,449,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria capstonei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EAA44EA6FDCEFD11" bold="true" box="[458,522,691,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619219E949EAA44EA6FDCEFD11" box="[458,522,691,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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differs from other known species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8B04EA1FB83FD11" box="[990,1095,691,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heathi">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E8B04EA1FB83FD11" box="[990,1095,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. heathi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade in that there is the possession of multiple numbers of short, conical spines, the raised, sculpted surface on the superomarginal plates and the more weakly stellate body shape. Marginal plate shape, elongate marginal spines and the weakly stellate body shape differentiates this species from
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E92D4F35FD21FCE5" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[579,741,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="falklandica">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E92D4F35FD21FCE5" box="[579,741,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. falklandica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the pointed spine shape in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EF204F35FB0FFCE5" authorityName="Mah, Neill, Eleaume & Foltz" authorityYear="2014" box="[1102,1227,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tiburoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EF204F35FB0FFCE5" box="[1102,1227,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. tiburoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are different from the bullet shaped spines in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EAA94F51FD04FC81" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[455,704,836,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capstonei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EAA94F51FD04FC81" box="[455,704,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria capstonei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E9A94F56FCC2FC81" bold="true" box="[711,774,835,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619219E949E9A94F56FCC2FC81" box="[711,774,835,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8604F51FC25FC81" box="[782,993,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heathi">
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||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E8604F51FC25FC81" box="[782,993,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria heathi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and especially
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EFFE4F51FAE4FC81" authorityName="Mah, Neill, Eleaume & Foltz" authorityYear="2014" box="[1168,1312,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mcknighti">
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||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EFFE4F51FAE4FC81" box="[1168,1312,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. mcknighti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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both share similar characters, including identical
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9219E949E9224F7DFD43FC5E" box="[588,647,872,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">types</typeStatus>
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||
of bivalve pedicellariae. However, the spine and granule
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9219E949EE704F7DFA9DFC5E" box="[1310,1369,872,898]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EEEF4F7DFF19FC79" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heathi">
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||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EEEF4F7DFF19FC79" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. heathi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EA7C4F99FE66FC79" authorityName="Mah, Neill, Eleaume & Foltz" authorityYear="2014" box="[274,418,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mcknighti">
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||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EA7C4F99FE66FC79" box="[274,418,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H. mcknighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are more elongate and more bullet-shaped than those in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EF7B4F99FAC9FC79" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[1045,1293,908,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capstonei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EF7B4F99FAC9FC79" box="[1045,1293,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hippasteria capstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EE7D4F9EFA95FC79" bold="true" box="[1299,1361,907,933]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619219E949EE7D4F9EFA95FC79" box="[1299,1361,907,933]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which are shorter and more conical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA94FC6FC52FA89" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA94FC6FE10FC31" bold="true" box="[199,468,979,1005]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Feeding Observations.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was observed climbing up and feeding upon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EF074FC6FB23FC32" box="[1129,1255,979,1006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EF074FC6FB7AFC31" box="[1129,1214,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Narella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an octocoral in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EBAE4FE2FE80FBCD" box="[192,324,1015,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a fashion typical of corallivorous goniasterids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949E8184FE2FC1DFBCD" box="[886,985,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
) climbing along the stalk and systematically feeding on the polyps. The base had been denuded leaving approximately the upper 80% of the colony still displaying the capsules apparently intact. However, upon closer examination, it became clear that the capsules on the lower half of the colony upon which the star had been perched were devoid of the internal polyp, leaving only the empty external covering. Capsules on the distal tip of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8254892FC64FB7D" box="[843,928,1159,1185]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E8254892FC64FB7D" box="[843,928,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Narella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony, upstream of where the star was present, were not yet fed upon and still retained living polyps within them. The basal portion of the stalk appears to have been denuded, however it is unclear however if these were eventually devoured by the star or may have simply fallen off lacking living tissue. There was no indication of whether the star simply prefers digesting the polyp tissue followed by the capsule or if the capsule is inedible. The capsules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949E8F44902FC2BFAED" box="[922,1007,1303,1329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949E8F44902FC2BFAED" box="[922,1007,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Narella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9219E949EE754902FA58FAED" box="[1307,1436,1303,1329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are composed of calcium carbonate sclerites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99219E949E9FB492EFC4FFA89" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[661,907,1339,1366]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref45722" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2008) A Review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts: The Genus Narella. Pacific Science, 62 (1), 83 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 1534 - 6188 (2008) 62 [83: AROTOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Cairns & Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA9494AFD1EFAA6" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" box="[199,730,1375,1402]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA9494AFE98FAA5" bold="true" box="[199,348,1375,1401]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37074989219E949EA0D494AFDC2FAA5" box="[355,518,1375,1401]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
region.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9219E949E90C494AFD1EFAA6" box="[610,730,1375,1402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9939399999999998" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1993.94">1993.94 m</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839219E94FEBA94996FB98FC31" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA94996FDBDFA1D" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9219E949EBA94996FE9DFA41" bold="true" box="[199,345,1411,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body thick, pentagonal to stellate (R/r=1.9) in outline but with short arms, broad, weakly curved interradii (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949EA6349B2FE72FA1D" box="[269,438,1447,1474]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arms upturned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E949EBA949DEFEE1F8AD" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Abactinal surface arched, inflated with water in life (surface deflated upon removal from water). Plates round to irregularly polygonal, abutted forming jigsaw-like surface.Abactinal plates extend to terminal plate on arm. Plate boundaries obscured by membrane and spines. Surface covered by large, cone-shaped pointed spines, variable in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9219E949EA694A22FE98F98E" box="[263,348,1591,1618]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
to 1.0 mm in length, heterogeneous across the abactinal surface. Spines abundant, approximately 2 spines per 1.0 mm line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949EAA74A4EFDF1F9A9" box="[457,565,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae, large (1.5–2.0 mm in length), bivalve, sitting approximately 0.1 above the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949EAF44A6AFE3AF945" box="[410,510,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
inset, D), present primarily around the edge of the disk with fewest pedicellariae proximally. Some pedicellariae closer to central disk are relatively short compared to distal ones, approximately 75% of the length. Larger spines and plates present centrally on abactinal plates with smaller spines present around periphery, surface otherwise smooth and bare. Papulae large, finger-like approximately same length as larger spines, projecting through round openings, present along radial and basal interradial regions. Madreporite flattened, concave, embedded into surface. Anal region centrally located, covered by membrane, flanked by five large conical blunt spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089219E94FEBA94B6EFDEDFDBD" blockId="50.[151,1437,259,2014]" lastBlockId="52.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Marginal plates 16 to 18 per interradius, with superomarginals and inferomarginals identical in number demonstrating 1:1 correspondence but slightly offset showing zig-zag contact (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9219E949E8D64B8AFBE4F865" box="[952,1056,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superomarginal plates, trapezoidal interradially becoming more quadrate distally, forming mostly an abactinal-lateral edge with one to five large conical pointed spines with three or four present interradially decreasing to a single large spine per plate distally. A smaller spine or bivalve pedicellaria regularly present on superomarginal plates near the base of the larger, conical spines. Superomarginal plate central surface adjacent to spines are covered by a raised, distinct bump-like structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FEBF14D16FECDFEC1" box="[159,265,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sculpted area is smooth, devoid of accessories, slightly discolored compared to surrounding plate but with no sign of breakage. Periphery of superomarginal plates covered by approximately 25–60 (mostly 40) pointed, coarse granules, numbering approximately 8 per with, 12 per length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FE8F24D5EFBE0FEB9" box="[924,1060,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inferomarginals twice the width of corresponding superomarginal interradially, each with two to seven large, thick, conical, pointed spines, one or exceptionally two small bivalve pedicellariae, and 1 to 6 small, pointed granules on an otherwise smooth inferomarginal surface. Inferomarginal periphery composed of approximately 20–60, mostly 35–55 coarse, pointed granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FEBF14DCEFEC6FE29" box="[159,258,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
), approximately ten along the width, 12–15 along the length. Shallow fasciolar groove present around the superomarginal and inferomarginal plates as well as around the contacts between the abactinal/actinal surfaces with the marginal plates. Terminal plates large, approximately the size of two adjacent superomarginal plates, surface round. convex with smooth surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1864809218E948EBF94B50FB06F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089218E948EBF94B50FB06F831" blockId="51.[151,1437,1861,2029]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948EBF94B50FCDDF881" bold="true" box="[151,793,1861,1885]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
FIGURE 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9218E948EA4B4B50FDCDF881" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[293,521,1861,1885]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capstonei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948EA4B4B50FDCDF881" bold="true" box="[293,521,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hippasteria capstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619218E948E9604B50FD83F881" box="[526,583,1861,1885]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
USNM 1457387. A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948E9FC4B7CFD6DF85D" bold="true" box="[658,681,1897,1921]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9218E948E9DE4B7FFCA8F85D" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[688,876,1897,1921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948E9DE4B7FFD34F85D" box="[688,752,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
observation
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948EB9E4B98FECCF879" bold="true" box="[240,264,1933,1957]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948E90E4B98FDBDF879" bold="true" box="[608,633,1933,1957]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948EBF94BA4FF6AF815" bold="true" box="[151,174,1969,1993]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948E8F24BA4FC6BF815" bold="true" box="[924,943,1969,1993]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9218E948EA4E4BC0FEFEF831" bold="true" box="[288,314,2005,2029]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBA94E7EFD3AFCE5" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Actinal surface composed of rounded quadrate to irregular polygonal plates in chevron formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FEE404E7EFA4BFD59" box="[1326,1423,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or two, exceptionally three large, conical bullet-shaped spines located centrally on each plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FEF8A4E9AFAA3FD75" box="[1252,1383,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). On plates adjacent to the adambulacral series, large bivalve pedicellariae transversely present, so large that they bisect the plate upon which they sit, adjacent to or replacing each spine up to base of or midpoint along arm. Each large actinal spine surrounded by 2 to 12 smaller, accessory pointed granules adjacent to the larger bullet shaped primary spines. Actinal plate surface is otherwise smooth, bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBA94F56FBECFC15" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Furrow spines three per plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FE95F4F56FD59FC81" box="[561,669,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
|
||
), round in cross-section, evenly spaced, blunt tipped. One or two enlarged, blunt tipped subambulacral spines present in transverse series relative to tube foot groove, each approximately twice the thickness and about 15% longer than the furrow spine. Three to six small (~1/10 length of subambulacral spine), accessory pointed granules present near base of each, large spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBA94FC6FB98FC31" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,1116,979,1005]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Color in life was uniform light orange on abactinal and actinal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D921FE94FE8874FC6FB8BFC31" box="[1001,1103,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,182,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[178,1410,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hippasteria capstonei n. sp. USNM 1457387. A. Abactinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae and surface details. Pedicellariae=1.5 mm length. B. In situ observation of holotype feeding on primnoid coral, Johnston Atoll, 1982 m. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=5.0 mm. D. Abactinal-lateral view showing pedicellariae and spination. Scale bar=2.0 mm. E. Lateral view showing spines and other accessories. Scale bar=2.0 mm. F. Actinal close up, showing spination, etc. Scale bar=2.5 mm. G. Adambulacral spination, including furrow and subambulacral spines. Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821078/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D6783921FE94FEBA94FE3FD0DFAD1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBA94FE3FF7FFBA1" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A921FE94FEBA94FE3FDFDFBCD" bold="true" box="[199,569,1014,1041]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Material Examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA921FE94FEAAB4FE2FDF0FBCD" box="[453,564,1015,1041]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FE92A4FE2FD51FBCD" box="[580,661,1015,1041]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1457387, South Johnston Seamount,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707498921FE94FEF3E4FE2FB33FBCD" box="[1104,1271,1015,1041]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
region, North Pacific Ocean.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF921FE94FEA2F480FFE66FBE9" box="[321,418,1050,1077]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="15.033334">15º02’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF921FE94FEAC3480FFDE4FBE9" box="[429,544,1050,1077]" degrees="170" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-170.86667">170º52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED921FE94FE945480EFD46FBE9" box="[555,642,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.994" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1994.0">1994 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. C. Mah & C. Kelley,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FE8D5480EFBCEFBE9" box="[955,1034,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">NOAA</collectionCode>
|
||
Ship
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B921FE94FEF22480EFADCFBE9" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[1100,1304,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A921FE94FEF22480EFADCFBE9" box="[1100,1304,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using ROV
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B921FE94FEBF9482AFE0EFB85" authority="Discoverer, EX 1706" authorityName="Discoverer, EX" authorityYear="1706" box="[151,458,1087,1113]" genus="Deep" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A921FE94FEBF9482AFE90FB84" box="[151,340,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
|
||
, EX 1706
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFD912C8921FE94FEABB482BFDADFB85" box="[469,617,1086,1113]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2017-07-25">25 July 2017</date>
|
||
. 1 wet spec.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FE999482AFCCFFB85" box="[759,779,1087,1113]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=3.3 r=1.7.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FE8E0482BFC70FB85" box="[910,948,1086,1113]" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">EX</collectionCode>
|
||
1706_IMG_20170725
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FEFC1482BFB04FB85" box="[1199,1216,1086,1113]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T</collectionCode>
|
||
003303Z_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FEE5A482BFA5DFB85" box="[1332,1433,1086,1113]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROVHD</collectionCode>
|
||
. jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBF948BEFEA9FB18" blockId="52.[151,1135,1194,1293]" box="[151,365,1194,1221]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A921FE94FEBF948BEFEA9FB18" bold="true" box="[151,365,1194,1221]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Images Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD83408921FE94FEBF948DAFD0DFAD1" blockId="52.[151,1135,1194,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E55921FE94FEBF948DAFD0DFAD1" collectionCode="ROVHD" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" elevation="1982" latitude="15.039054" location="South Johnston Seamount" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-170.87442" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="EX1706, T011410" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EB862D3921FE94FEBF948DAFE79FB35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E9219E94FEBF94C82FD0DFAD1:8EB862D3921FE94FEBF948DAFE79FB35" box="[151,445,1231,1257]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" latitude="15.039054" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-170.87442" name="South Johnston Seamount" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South Johnston Seamount</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707498921FE94FEAA648DAFDAFFB35" box="[456,619,1231,1257]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
region.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF921FE94FE9A948DBFC99FB35" box="[711,861,1230,1257]" degrees="15.03905368" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="1" value="15.039054">15.03905368</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF921FE94FE80648DAFBCCFB35" box="[872,1032,1231,1257]" degrees="170.8744186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="1" value="-170.87442">-170.8744186</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED921FE94FEF7D48DAFBAFFB35" box="[1043,1131,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.982" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1982.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B921FE94FEF7D48DAFBAFFB35" box="[1043,1131,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.982" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1982.0">1982 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C73921FE94FEBF948E7FF37FAD1" box="[151,243,1266,1293]" collectionCode="EX" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">EX1706</specimenCode>
|
||
_IMG_20170725
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C73921FE94FEAD848E7FDD8FAD1" box="[438,540,1266,1293]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">T011410</specimenCode>
|
||
Z_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD921FE94FE95548E7FD5BFAD1" box="[571,671,1266,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROVHD</collectionCode>
|
||
.jpg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |