131 lines
17 KiB
XML
131 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="22CC82552481637A51358EBF678BD38C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821026" ID-ZooBank="3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657611643055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2022" docId="03CE851E9214E944EBF94CCAFB3EFCAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5164.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5164 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Solaster Forbes 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFF7FD66922BE97BEB6E4C15FFC4FFDC" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699345508031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AB297ECD827C187080E9D87646FD7CBD">New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A78746BCF1F4E595A3FA5D13DD79EAE3">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="76565890EDB6FDB48AF8584410925471">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E20EA2B1791F9A26E66D8FC4F5A1D66A">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CE851E9214E944EBF94CCAFB3EFCAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E9214E944EBF94CCAFB3EFCAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE851E9214E944EBF94CCAFB3EFCAD" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839214E944EBF94CCAFEF0FEA5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089214E944EBF94CCAFE5DFF25" blockId="63.[151,409,223,250]" box="[151,409,223,250]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D09083649214E944EBF94CCAFE5DFF25" bold="true" box="[151,409,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9214E944EBF94CCAFE5DFF25" ID-CoL="7PZV5" authority="Forbes 1839" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,409,223,250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EBF94CCAFE5DFF25" bold="true" box="[151,409,223,250]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EBF94CCAFF3DFF26" bold="true" box="[151,249,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Solaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EA6E4CCAFE5DFF25" author="Forbes, E." box="[256,409,223,249]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="114 - 129" refId="ref46434" refString="Forbes, E. (1839) On the Asteriadae of the Irish Sea. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, 8, 114 - 129." type="journal article" year="1839">Forbes 1839</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089214E944EBF94D31FEF0FEA5" blockId="63.[151,1436,291,377]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EBF94D31FE8AFEE0" author="Forbes, E." box="[151,334,292,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="114 - 129" refId="ref46434" refString="Forbes, E. (1839) On the Asteriadae of the Irish Sea. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, 8, 114 - 129." type="journal article" year="1839">Forbes 1839: 120</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EA344D31FE3AFEE0" author="Gray, J. E." box="[346,510,292,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref46465" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) XXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 6 (36), 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840: 183</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E9644D31FC85FEE7" author="Danielssen, D. C. & Koren, J." box="[522,833,291,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="267 - 299" refId="ref45958" refString="Danielssen, D. C. & Koren, J. (1882) Fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition, Echinodermer. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 27, 267 - 299." type="journal article" year="1882">Danielssen & Koren 1882: 50</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E8234D31FBC7FEE7" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[845,1027,291,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref48939" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 452</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EF614D31FB02FEE7" author="Perrier, E." box="[1039,1222,291,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 431" refId="ref48564" refString="Perrier, E. (1894). Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifique Travailleur et du Talisman, 3, 1 - 431, 26 pls." type="journal article" year="1894">Perrier 1894: 151</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EFBE4D31FA5CFEE7" author="Acloque, A." box="[1232,1432,291,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref45186" refString="Acloque, A. (1900) Faune de France contenant la description de toutes les especes indigenes-avec un preface par E. Perrier. Bailliere, Paris, 500 pp. [1899]" type="book" year="1900">Acloque 1900: 256</bibRefCitation>
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; Fisher 1911: 306;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EA114D57FD85FE86" author="Hayashi, R." box="[383,577,322,346]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref46598" refString="Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (3), 297 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Hayashi 1939: 297</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E9224D57FD71FE86" author="Hayashi, R." box="[588,693,322,346]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref46629" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">1940: 174</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E9D14D57FC41FE86" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[703,901,322,346]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref45990" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) s. n. Morskie Zvezdy Morei SSSR Tableauxanalytiques de la faune de U. R. S. S., 34, 1 - 203. [translated as Dyakonov. A. M. 1968. Sea stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR 34. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Ed.) By Strelkov, A. A., Israel Program for scientific translations Ltd., Jerusalem, 183 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1950">Djakonov 1950: 65</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E8FE4D57FBB4FE86" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[912,1136,322,346]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="241 - 277" refId="ref45457" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis Buenos Aires, 24, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1964">Bernasconi 1964: 258</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EF144D57FB27FE86" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[1146,1251,322,346]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="211 - 281" refId="ref45488" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1970) Equinodermos antarticos. 2. Asteroideos. 3. asteroides de la extremidad norte de la Peninsula Antartica. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Nacional de Investigation de las Ciencias naturales, 9, 211 - 281, 20 pls., 3 figs." type="journal article" year="1970">1970: 249</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EF804D57FEF4FEA5" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref45928" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992: 301</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839214E944EBF94DB2FB4FFDF1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089214E944EBF94DB2FB4FFDF1" blockId="63.[151,1437,423,882]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EBF94DB2FED6FE1D" bold="true" box="[151,274,423,449]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Arms 7 to 17. Abactinal skeleton composed of close set cruciform or rounded plates (paxillae also referred to as pseudopaxillae) with non-penicillate spinelets. Papular pores single. Marginal plates paxillate, disproportionately sized with prominent inferomarginals, evenly spaced. Actinal plates spinose with multifid tips. Subambulacral spines forming distinct transverse fans. Furrow spines palmate, unwebbed.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839214E944EBA94E22FB3EFCAD" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089214E944EBA94E22FDB3FD3D" blockId="63.[151,1437,423,882]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EBA94E22FE8BFD8D" bold="true" box="[199,335,567,593]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9214E944EA344E22FE72FD8D" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[346,438,567,593]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EA344E22FE72FD8D" box="[346,438,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Solaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes 23 known species from all the world’s oceans, primarily from temperate to cold-water settings, ranging in depth from intertidal to
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<quantity id="4C9F99ED9214E944E87C4E4EFCAEFDAA" box="[786,874,603,630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="3120.0">3120 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E8154E4EFB43FDA9" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[891,1159,603,630]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref45928" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EFB64E4EFA9FFDA9" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1240,1371,603,629]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="183 - 250" refId="ref45864" refString="Clark, A. M. (1996) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 3: Velatida and Spinulosida. Echinoderm Studies, 5, 183 - 250." type="journal article" year="1996">Clark 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). The best-known
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9214E944EA4C4E6AFE13FD45" box="[290,471,639,665]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EA4C4E6AFEBAFD45" box="[290,382,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Solaster</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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from shallow-water habitats in the North Pacific and North Atlantic are predators of megafaunal invertebrates, particularly echinoderms such as sea cucumbers and other sea stars (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EFAD4EB6FAA1FD61" author="Jangoux, M." box="[1219,1381,675,701]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="117 - 159" refId="ref46746" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, J. (Eds.), Echinoderm Nutrition Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 117 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
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; Van Veldhuizen & Oakes 1981;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EAA34EDDFDAEFD3D" author="Mauzey, K. P. & Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K." box="[461,618,711,738]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="603 - 619" refId="ref48246" refString="Mauzey, K. P., Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K. (1968) Feeding behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology, 49, 603 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1935526" type="journal article" year="1968">Mauzey 1968</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089214E944EBA94EFEFB3EFCAD" blockId="63.[151,1437,423,882]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Diversity in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9214E944EA394EFEFE77FCD9" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[343,435,747,773]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EA394EFEFE77FCD9" box="[343,435,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Solaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described primarily from the Pacific coast of North America and Asia (Fisher 1911;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EB8E4F1AFE44FCF5" author="Hayashi, R." box="[224,384,783,809]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref46598" refString="Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (3), 297 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Hayashi 1939</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EAE04F1AFE03FCF5" author="Hayashi, R." box="[398,455,783,809]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref46629" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation>
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) as well as the North Atlantic (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944E8594F1AFB86FCF5" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[823,1090,783,810]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref45928" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) and the sub-Antarctic (Clark 1962). Relatively few species of solasterids are known from deep-sea habitats in the central and tropical Pacific regions (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9214E944EA5E4F42FDBFFCAD" authority="Fisher 1919" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1919" box="[304,635,855,881]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tropicus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9214E944EA5E4F42FE2AFCAD" box="[304,494,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Solaster tropicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99214E944EA9B4F42FDBFFCAD" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[501,635,855,881]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref46319" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547, 156 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher 1919</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with none recorded from the Hawaiian deep-sea region.
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</paragraph>
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||
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|
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</treatment>
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||
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