384 lines
56 KiB
XML
384 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="490F56E03305F33396A631078BBE9612" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821026" ID-ZooBank="3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657611643055" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2022" docId="03CE851E9213E940EBF94E37FCB7FE55" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5164.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5164 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Milteliphaster monstrosus Mah 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFF7FD66922BE97BEB6E4C15FFC4FFDC" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1699345508031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6B5257F1768B5B07F8D15FDFD1682FAD">New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6A52A575BA90C6B1342EA5E7F4E7707">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10771CCF0AA379061CF9F4686044985C">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E09719EC2782D904B2AFCA5FC3F185C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="34880217CCD4E29E142A8D258EC6C38C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6D20182CBB5D5AD6F4D73E0405EF31EB">
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<mods:date id="4B0AB4754639E33D4404AE716111E861">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="83AC8E0368769639D52CA35724D6F7D0">2022-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1F599B8024ABB257BE6D4C70C4AF132E">5164</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="06BAE0792F47B2C2DDF92974CDC043F0">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4E8076579ACBC12C75DF09DF0CC1989C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="44F9DF57BDCBA2B96C44F74EF09790A5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5164.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E68F73E57F691229ACF698FC1E9E30D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C8E56FDC76CCB0B6EBDD11E7F4E81D4" type="Zenodo-Dep">6821026</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BF7305F6BFBCC65ED326BCB367716D1" type="ZooBank">3BECB9C7-F4B5-4FA4-934B-1822BF3D1077</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839213E943EBF94E37FDFCFDE1" box="[151,568,546,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBF94E37FDFCFDE1" blockId="56.[151,568,546,609]" box="[151,568,546,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D09083649213E943EBF94E37FDFCFDE1" bold="true" box="[151,568,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBF94E37FDFCFDE1" bold="true" box="[151,568,546,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EBF94E37FE17FDE1" ID-CoL="9FYBB" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,467,546,573]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBF94E37FE17FDE1" bold="true" box="[151,467,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milteliphaster monstrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619213E943EAB44E36FDFCFDE1" box="[474,568,547,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839213E943EBF94E52FE6AFDBD" box="[151,430,583,609]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBF94E52FE6AFDBD" blockId="56.[151,568,546,609]" box="[151,430,583,609]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943EBF94E52FE95FDBD" box="[151,337,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 19A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943EA334E52FE6AFDBD" box="[349,430,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,419,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-64@59.[151,1436,417,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 20. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. in situ. Scale unavailable. A. Observed individual from Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands, 446 m. Note spines to the right. B. Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands 446 m. Caenopedina? urchins present in regions adjacent to M. monstrosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821090/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">20A–B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839213E943EBF94E9AFEBCFD11" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBF94E9AFEBCFD11" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBF94E9AFEE6FD75" bold="true" box="[151,290,655,681]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The species epithet,
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E9634E9AFD48FD74" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[525,652,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E9634E9AFD48FD74" box="[525,652,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">monstrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is Latin for a “fabulous wonder”, alluding to the very striking appearance of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839213E943EBA94EC3FB1DFC15" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBA94EC3FB1DFC15" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBA94EC3FE86FD2C" bold="true" box="[199,322,726,752]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body stellate (R/r=2.56), arms triangular, interradial arcs curved. Abactinal, marginal and actinal intermediate plate surface covered with large, conical pointed spines. Superomarginal plates wide, surface of each plate smooth except for one to four, mostly three, prominent sharp conical spines on raised, rounded bases. Inferomarginals similar in overall shape, but becoming more rectangular distally. Inferomarginals with one to six, mostly four to five sharp, conical spines on raised bases. Furrow spines
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<quantity id="4C9F99ED9213E943E8174F72FC0BFC5D" box="[889,975,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 in</quantity>
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straight to curved fan with furrow spine number increasing distally along arm. Adjacent to furrow spines are one or two large paddle-shaped pedicellariae with round valves. Subambulacral spines 2 or 3, large in transverse series, each with pointed tips.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D67839213E942EBA94FC7FAC0FE55" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBA94FC7FA8AFB35" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBA94FC7FE8BFC30" bold="true" box="[199,335,978,1004]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Comments.</emphasis>
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This species was only observed during a dive on Esmerelda Bank in the Marianas (
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943EE6E4FC6FAA0FC31" box="[1280,1380,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs19A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943EE1E4FC6FA54FC31" box="[1392,1424,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,419,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-64@59.[151,1436,417,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 20. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. in situ. Scale unavailable. A. Observed individual from Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands, 446 m. Note spines to the right. B. Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands 446 m. Caenopedina? urchins present in regions adjacent to M. monstrosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821090/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">20</figureCitation>
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). Its entire abactinal surface was covered by a bristling array of pointed conical spines distributed evenly but irregularly over the abactinal surface with two to four identical spines projecting from the superomarginal spines. Papulae project from the abactinal surface between the spines, even on interradial regions. Marginal plates in this species were directed laterally and although wide interradially became elongate along the arms. The extended, strap-like arms, and elongate superomarginals on the arm are consistent with those observed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EF094892FAD8FB7D" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1127,1308,1159,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EF094892FAD8FB7D" box="[1127,1308,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. woodmasoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see re-description by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99213E943EA4A48BEFE5FFB19" author="Mah, C. L." box="[292,411,1195,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref47769" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Although this species was not collected by the NOAA Ship
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EF2248BEFADCFB19" authority="Explorer" authorityName="Explorer" box="[1100,1304,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EF2248BEFADCFB19" box="[1100,1304,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a specimen was discovered in the MNHN collections from the
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<collectingCountry id="F37074989213E943E9BA48DAFC4BFB35" box="[724,911,1231,1257]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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and is described below as the
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9213E943EF8A48DAFA8EFB35" box="[1252,1354,1231,1257]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBA948E6FB7DFA41" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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The
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9213E943EB9448E6FE98FAD1" box="[250,348,1267,1293]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EAED48E6FD73FAD1" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[387,695,1267,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EAED48E6FD73FAD1" box="[387,695,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milteliphaster woodmasoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MNHN-IE-2014-164) and the species herein share the relatively small (and more numerous) polygonal to irregularly-shaped, flat to weakly concave to flat, abactinal plates, flat marginal plate surfaces in conjunction with the prominent pointed spines, the lateral facing marginal plate series, elongate arms displaying upward arm coiling as well as a comparable number of furrow spines (6 to 10). These characters are the basis for identification and placement of this specimen within
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EF724996FB77FA41" box="[1052,1203,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Miltelphaster</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBA949B2FE9FF98D" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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This species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EA8249B2FCBFFA1D" authority="Alcock" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[492,891,1447,1473]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EA8249B2FCE5FA1D" box="[492,801,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milteliphaster woodmasoni</emphasis>
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Alcock
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the shape of the marginals, which are wide interradially versus those in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E97649DEFD08FA39" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[536,716,1483,1509]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E97649DEFD08FA39" box="[536,716,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. woodmasoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which are elongate interradially. Abactinal spination occurs irregularly throughout the surface in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E94049FAFD10F9D4" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[558,724,1519,1544]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E94049FAFD10F9D4" box="[558,724,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. monstrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E9B349FAFCDAF9D5" bold="true" box="[733,798,1519,1545]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619213E943E9B349FAFCDAF9D5" box="[733,798,1519,1545]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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but is present only along carinal series and on the disk in
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EBDB4A06FEADF9F1" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[181,361,1555,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBDB4A06FEADF9F1" box="[181,361,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. woodmasoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Pedicellariae, which are absent in the
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<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9213E943E84B4A06FC91F9F1" box="[805,853,1555,1581]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E8124A06FBF6F9F1" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[892,1074,1555,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
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M.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E8CA4A06FBF6F9F1" box="[932,1074,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">woodmasoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are present in abundance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EE104A06FED2F98C" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EE104A06FED2F98C" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EA734A22FE9FF98D" bold="true" box="[285,347,1591,1617]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619213E943EA734A22FE9FF98D" box="[285,347,1591,1617]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089213E943EBA94A4EFC43F891" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EBA94A4EFE28F9A8" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,492,1627,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBA94A4EFE28F9A8" box="[199,492,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milteliphaster monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EA9D4A4EFDF6F9A9" bold="true" box="[499,562,1627,1653]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619213E943EA9D4A4EFDF6F9A9" box="[499,562,1627,1653]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also invites comparison with species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EF054A4EFB1FF9A9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1131,1243,1627,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EF054A4EFB1FF9A9" box="[1131,1243,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EE2D4A4EFED1F945" baseAuthorityName="H. E. S. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wanganellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EE2D4A4EFED1F945" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. wanganellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EA574A6AFE5EF945" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[313,410,1663,1689]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chaos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EA574A6AFE5EF945" box="[313,410,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. chaos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that also possess an abundance of spines on the abactinal surface. As described earlier, other species possess more strongly convex, blockier, and round marginal plates uniformly around the body with none that resemble the smaller, lateral-facing marginal plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E8404AD2FC09F93D" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[814,973,1735,1761]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E8404AD2FC09F93D" box="[814,973,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The superomarginal plates of these species occupy a greater percentage of the total “r” with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943E98F4AFEFC40F8D8" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[737,900,1771,1796]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943E98F4AFEFC40F8D8" box="[737,900,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">M. monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displaying superomarginals with approximately 13% of “r” versus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EA044B1AFCBCF8F5" authority="(H. E. S. Clark 1982)" baseAuthorityName="H. E. S. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[362,888,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wanganellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EA044B1AFD5BF8F5" box="[362,671,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Calliaster wanganellensis (</emphasis>
|
||
H.E.S. Clark 1982)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displaying approximately 17–20% and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EE544B1AFA58F8F5" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[1338,1436,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chaos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EE544B1AFA58F8F5" box="[1338,1436,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. chaos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of comparable size displaying approximately 15–20% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF649F99213E943E86C4B26FCBFF891" author="Mah, C. L." box="[770,891,1843,1869]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref47769" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089213E942EBA94B42FE0BFEB9" blockId="56.[151,1437,655,2013]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EBA94B42FE02F8AD" box="[199,454,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ecological Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was observed in proximity to what appeared to be thousands of disarticulated spines that are thought to have originated from sea urchins in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EF6F4B6EFADBF849" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[1025,1311,1915,1941]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pedinidae" genus="Caenopedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedinoida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EF6F4B6EFB52F849" box="[1025,1174,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Caenopedina</emphasis>
|
||
(Pedinidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943EE414B6EFA50F849" box="[1327,1428,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,419,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-64@59.[151,1436,417,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 20. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. in situ. Scale unavailable. A. Observed individual from Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands, 446 m. Note spines to the right. B. Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands 446 m. Caenopedina? urchins present in regions adjacent to M. monstrosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821090/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
) that were observed in the surrounding area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9213E943E9F54B8AFCC1F865" box="[667,773,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,419,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-64@59.[151,1436,417,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 20. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. in situ. Scale unavailable. A. Observed individual from Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands, 446 m. Note spines to the right. B. Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands 446 m. Caenopedina? urchins present in regions adjacent to M. monstrosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821090/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (EX1605L1_IMG_20160508T225233Z_ROVHD_URC_ SPO.jpg). A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9213E943EACC4BD6FDE3F801" box="[418,551,1987,2013]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9213E943EACC4BD6FE3AF801" box="[418,510,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Solaster</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described herein from images was observed hunched over a subject which is thought to have been prey. These urchins were abundant in the dive region and thousands of disarticulated spines were observed to have accumulated in locations throughout the area. It is unclear if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9212E942EF394CAEFABAFF08" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[1111,1406,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EF394CAEFABAFF08" box="[1111,1406,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Milteliphaster monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EEE84CAEFF7CFF25" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619212E942EEE84CAEFF7CFF25" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was also a predator on these urchins, or if perhaps the spination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9212E942E8A84CCAFBA8FF24" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[966,1132,223,248]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942E8A84CCAFBA8FF24" box="[966,1132,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EF1B4CCAFB72FF25" bold="true" box="[1141,1206,223,249]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619212E942EF1B4CCAFB72FF25" box="[1141,1206,223,249]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is itself a defensive mechanism against predators, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9212E942E9534D16FD5DFEC1" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[573,665,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942E9534D16FD5DFEC1" box="[573,665,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9212E942E88C4D16FB65FEC1" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1880" box="[994,1185,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942E88C4D16FB65FEC1" box="[994,1185,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solaster dawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) documented in North Pacific shallow water settings as voracious predators on sea stars and other echinoderms (Mauzey
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EF844D32FAD8FE9D" box="[1258,1308,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1969; Van Veldhuizen & Oakes 1981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94D7BFAC0FE55" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1284,366,393]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EBA94D7BFE98FE54" bold="true" box="[199,348,366,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37074989212E942EA0D4D7AFDE5FE55" box="[355,545,367,393]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Esmerelda Bank,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559212E942E99D4D7AFAC4FE55" box="[755,1280,367,393]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" elevation="428" location="Marianas Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37074989212E942E99D4D7AFC70FE55" box="[755,948,367,393]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Marianas Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9212E942E8D14D7AFB85FE55" box="[959,1089,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" metricValueMax="4.46" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="428.0" valueMax="446.0" valueMin="410.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B9212E942E8D14D7AFB85FE55" box="[959,1089,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.279999999999999" metricValueMax="4.46" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="428.0" valueMax="446.0" valueMin="410.0">410–446 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Basalt substrate
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839212E940EBA94D87FE39FF6D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94D87FB40FE0D" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9212E942EBA94D87FE9DFE70" bold="true" box="[199,345,402,428]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body stellate (R/r=2.56), arms triangular, tapering and elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942EF414D86FB52FE71" box="[1071,1174,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disk thick, interradial arcs curved. Collectively, surface is bristling with homogeneous covering of sharp spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94DCEFE88FC15" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Abactinal plates round to weakly polygonal, largely homogenous in size and shape across the disk and arms with some proximal carinal plates wide and 1.5 to twice the length of the adjacent plates. Some smaller, more irregularly shaped secondary plates present, interspersed among the others-but approaching the size of the other abactinal plates. Plates are relatively small with approximately 20–30 counted along the arm base. Nearly all plates with a single, prominent spine, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9212E942E93E4E7EFD24FD59" box="[592,736,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, rising well above the body surface and covering disk and arms, distributed widely and evenly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E9084E9AFCF5FD75" box="[614,817,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19A, B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E8524E9AFCB5FD75" box="[828,881,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,419,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-64@59.[151,1436,417,1917]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 20. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. in situ. Scale unavailable. A. Observed individual from Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands, 446 m. Note spines to the right. B. Marianas Bank, Marianas Islands 446 m. Caenopedina? urchins present in regions adjacent to M. monstrosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821090/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines are conical with sharp points, uniform in size and shape across the disk and arms with only proximal carinals showing distinct prominence and these only slightly different from spines elsewhere on the abactinal surface. Each spine articulated with a rounded base. Primary circlet plates and spines with no distinction from other disk and arm spines. Abactinal plates lacking spines, smooth, convex with most bearing a distinct, round tubercle on plate surface or else bare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942EF114F0AFB21FCE5" box="[1151,1253,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each abactinal plate evenly surrounded by 10 to 40 quadrate granules. Two out of three spined plates with a paddle-like pedicellaria with round, clam-shaped valves bearing smooth edges at base. Pedicellariae also present on unspined plates as the single accessory. Madreporite large, weakly convex with well-developed sulci, flanked by approximately 10 abactinal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94FC6FDC5FAED" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Marginal plates forming largely lateral edge along periphery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E8EE4FC6FBCDFC31" box="[896,1033,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), approximately 66–68 from armtip to armtip. Interradial plates elongate but becoming more quadrate distally. All plates with rounded edges. Marginal plates form approximately 13% of the total distance “r” (0.67/5.3). Superomarginals form rounded angle along dorsolateral edge, surface of each plate smooth except for one to four, mostly three, prominent sharp conical spines on raised, rounded bases. Distalmost superomarginals with two spines but projections on surface very prominent. Inferomarginals similar in overall shape, but becoming more rectangular distally. Inferomarginals with one to six, mostly four to five sharp, conical spines on raised bases. Spines projecting laterally and actinally from separate clusters on inferomarginal surface. Marginal plates with peripheral quadrate-shaped granules,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9212E942EFA948DAFA90FB35" box="[1223,1364,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="105.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="60.0">60 to 150 in</quantity>
|
||
direct contact around superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. Intermarginal plates irregularly present. Terminal plates triangular with two short spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA9492EFADCF9F1" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Actinal plates in three full series in chevron arrangement with one or two partial/irregular series distally adjacent to inferomarginals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942EAAD494AFDE8FAA5" box="[451,556,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individual plates quadrate to chevron-shaped with rounder, more polygonal plates at contact with inferomarginal plates. Nearly all actinal plates with sharp, pointed spine identical to those on the abactinal surface. Similarly, a clam-shaped pedicellaria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E80A49B2FC0CFA1D" box="[868,968,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
inset) is also present on the base of most actinal spines. Where spines are not present, a shorter nub-like spine is present, or prominence is absent and plate surface is smooth and flat. Actinal plates surrounded by quadrate-like granules, 12–50, in one or two rows around the plate periphery. Where actinal plates not covered by spines or granules, surface is bare and smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94A22FD61F891" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Furrow spines
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9212E942EA1C4A22FE0DF98D" box="[370,457,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 in</quantity>
|
||
straight to curved fan (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E9B94A22FCFAF98D" box="[727,830,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with furrow spine number increasing distally along arm. Furrow spines vary among each cluster, some more distal clusters with the abradial furrow spine twice as thick relative to the more homogeneous furrow spines in the same series. More distal furrow clusters completely homogeneous with no enlarged members. Adambulacral plates rectangular in shape. Adjacent to furrow spines are one or two large paddle-shaped pedicellariae with round valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942E84F4AD2FC43F93D" box="[801,903,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two or three large, three proximally then two distally, pointed sharp subambulacral spines in transverse series with one spine directly adjacent to furrow spines and the pedicellariae on the plate surface. Short distinct smooth surface region on adambulacral plate between furrow and transverse subambulacral spine series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089212E942EBA94B42FA91F801" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Oral plates with 13 furrow spines increasing in size, to the 14/15th enlarged, blunt oral spine projecting into mouth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C288D9212E942EB804B6EFE95F849" box="[238,337,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 19. Milteliphaster monstrosus n. sp. MNHN IE-2007-1280. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm. B. Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm. C. Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length. D. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm. E. Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm. F. Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral spine is paired on each half of the oral plate. Both with blunt, round edges on the tips of the spines. quadrate in cross-section. Oral plate surface with four prominent sharp conical spines (i.e. two per plate). Remaining oral plate surface with 20–40 round, flattened granules on plate surface in irregular arrangement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1864809211E941EBF94B59FD15F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6821084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6821084/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1868,1892]" targetBox="[199,1416,242,1826]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089211E941EBF94B59FD15F828" blockId="58.[151,1437,1868,2036]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EBF94B59FDB9F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,637,1868,1892]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
FIGURE 19.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674F8B9211E941EA474B59FDFFF8B8" authority="Mah, 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[297,571,1868,1892]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monstrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EA474B59FDFFF8B8" bold="true" box="[297,571,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Milteliphaster monstrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22055619211E941E92C4B59FDB9F8B8" box="[578,637,1868,1892]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MNHN IE-2007-1280.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941E8184B59FC4AF8B8" bold="true" box="[886,910,1868,1892]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface. Scale bar=20 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EE754B59FAF6F8B8" bold="true" box="[1307,1330,1868,1892]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface close-up showing spines. Scale bar=10.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941E9D24B65FD10F854" bold="true" box="[700,724,1904,1928]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view. Scale bar=20 mm. Inset showing pedicellariae, approximately 1.5 mm length.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EAEE4B81FE5CF870" bold="true" box="[384,408,1940,1964]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines on abactinal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EBF94BADFF6AF80C" bold="true" box="[151,174,1976,2000]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Furrow spines and adjacent adambulacral spination. Circle shows pedicellariae. Scale bar=10.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9211E941EFC34BADFB04F80C" bold="true" box="[1197,1216,1976,2000]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral region, showing actinal plates, spines on oral plates. Scale bar=10.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089210E940EBA94C82FE39FF6D" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,249]" box="[199,509,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Color in life is light yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D67839210E940EBA94CAFFCB7FE55" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089210E940EBA94CAFFAD7FF25" blockId="59.[151,1436,151,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9210E940EBA94CAFFE7EFF08" bold="true" box="[199,442,186,212]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559210E940EAAB4CAEFAD7FF25" collectingDate="2007-09-16" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Coll. Richer & Boiszellar & O Alis, CP" country="Solomon Islands" elevation="410" latitude="-8.716666" location="Solomon Islands" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="161.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9210E940EAAB4CAEFDFDFF09" bold="true" box="[453,569,187,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8AAA9210E940EAAB4CAEFDF0FF09" box="[453,564,187,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
IE-2007-1280,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37074989210E940E99C4CAEFC70FF09" box="[754,948,187,213]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9210E940E8AD4CAEFBCAFF09" box="[963,1038,187,213]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-8.716666">8º43’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9210E940EF774CAEFB40FF09" box="[1049,1156,187,213]" degrees="161" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="161.0">161º00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9210E940EFFD4CAEFB24FF09" box="[1171,1248,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="410.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B9210E940EFFD4CAEFB24FF09" box="[1171,1248,187,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269251DE9210E940EF814CAEFAB8FF09" box="[1263,1404,187,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coll. Richer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="269251DE9210E940EBF94CCAFECEFF25" box="[151,266,223,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Boiszellar</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD912C89210E940EA784CCAFE77FF25" box="[278,435,223,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-09-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DEB209210E940EA784CCAFE77FF25" box="[278,435,223,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-09-16">16 Sept. 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, SALOMONBOA 3, N/
|
||
<collectorName id="269251DE9210E940E9AC4CCAFCF3FF25" box="[706,823,223,249]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
O
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9210E940E9B34CCAFCCDFF25" box="[733,777,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Alis</emphasis>
|
||
, CP
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
2798 1 wet spec. 1 set spec.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9210E940EF124CCAFB4BFF25" box="[1148,1167,223,249]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</collectionCode>
|
||
=13.6 r=5.3
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089210E940EBF94D32FEA6FE9C" blockId="59.[151,933,294,393]" box="[151,354,294,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913E81A9210E940EBF94D32FEA6FE9C" bold="true" box="[151,354,294,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Image Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD834089210E940EBF94D5EFCB7FE55" blockId="59.[151,933,294,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3E559210E940EBF94D5EFCB7FE55" collectionCode="ROVHD, ASR" country="Northern Mariana Islands" elevation="446" latitude="15.030031" location="Marianas Bank" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.22307" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="EX1605, T231257" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EB862D39210E940EBF94D5EFE80FEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE851E9213E940EBF94E37FCB7FE55:8EB862D39210E940EBF94D5EFE80FEB9" box="[151,324,331,357]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" latitude="15.030031" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="145.22307" name="Marianas Bank" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Marianas Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37074989210E940EA214D5EFDD6FEB9" box="[335,530,331,357]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Marianas Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9210E940E9724D5FFD76FEB9" box="[540,690,330,357]" degrees="15.03003078" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="15.030031">15.03003078</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5352CF9210E940E9D34D5FFC97FEB9" box="[701,851,330,357]" degrees="145.2230679" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="145.22307">145.2230679</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F99ED9210E940E8304D5EFC61FEB9" box="[862,933,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="446.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD33B9210E940E8304D5EFC61FEB9" box="[862,933,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.46" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="446.0">446 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C739210E940EBF94D7BFF36FE55" box="[151,242,366,393]" collectionCode="EX" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">EX1605</specimenCode>
|
||
L1_IMG_20160508
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19C739210E940EABC4D7BFDFCFE55" box="[466,568,366,393]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">T231257</specimenCode>
|
||
Z_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9210E940E9394D7BFD78FE55" box="[599,700,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ROVHD</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED76ACCD9210E940E9A54D7BFCC6FE55" box="[715,770,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ASR</collectionCode>
|
||
_OPH.jpg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |