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<document id="BBEEFA6FF5DE7B503AC877CD5BBB7F01" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198228" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23053eb5-1207-4c4c-8c87-cafde00125a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198228" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460290045122" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magalhães, Wagner F. &amp; Bailey-Brock, Julie H." docDate="2010" docId="03BF2024072EFF842ADD99D9FD8BF86A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02625p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2625" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Timarete hawaiensis Hartman 1956, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FF86585C072BFF832A4A994EFFE5FFCB" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Cirriformia crassicollis (Kinberg, 1866) and Timarete hawaiensis (Hartman, 1956) new combination, (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae), endemic polychaetes to the Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698251105273" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="D92B206B7B8E6D2928C4BC3CEE10317B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="80EFAD12530CA923C89944E7DBB02B25">
<mods:title id="6FAAD3C87298F2A5392A1D5684B07211">Redescription of Cirriformia crassicollis (Kinberg, 1866) and Timarete hawaiensis (Hartman, 1956) new combination, (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae), endemic polychaetes to the Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="74A88E81CE1EFC3F20CF202F322DBD8D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B35242D75875BD15C9092EA0CAD6FBB0">
<mods:roleTerm id="3D7C3A8F9353D56E5FF3691BC4F6815E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8788A8660B4B0498D4029D49DFFCA701">Magalhães, Wagner F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B87E7A24A08C148213AEE985A6CADA83" type="personal">
<mods:role id="41788968284A099F3820AA26DB5DFD41">
<mods:roleTerm id="78EDD491C5F4D80847002173B3943AFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2FD149CB56AF58EFC4F8EF1C3E1C6508">Bailey-Brock, Julie H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="577D56226CA7BDD0478C58675DD24349">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D8E1DB0EA34248FE925C969789233AA5" type="host">
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<mods:title id="2BFC7D99F148D1BBABA48DF74BBE0525">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1FBCBD2A587135628B431D30D6526E9A">
<mods:date id="233CCDDFC5DF1FB85C887C083FDC3900">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0170ED1ADF6BA4AC09877C5B47E04F1C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9295963DF2DD83B3AC93848249113964">2625</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CEB7EB2532618892B558166EE0B2514A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="213B1EA4E6159F88D62221846B428928">53</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="AA5BF300A21CF18CC5FF9C190E0B5C63">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B7AA6D8530481A7C15F37456223B5C05" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198228</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="822E596BA5781F3CF08FECC021DAFBA5" type="GBIF-Dataset">23053eb5-1207-4c4c-8c87-cafde00125a6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B16C3EE3C7DB22C352418C699E6B9F65" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5C57F11B4547A063098C0CF9FBB6A9D4" type="Zenodo-Dep">198228</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BF2024072EFF842ADD99D9FD8BF86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209192" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF2024072EFF842ADD99D9FD8BF86A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF2024072EFF842ADD99D9FD8BF86A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072EFF862ADD99D9FDDBFF1F" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD99D9FCAEFF7A" blockId="5.[151,843,151,212]" box="[151,843,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D0E1265E072EFF862ADD99D9FCAEFF7A" bold="true" box="[151,843,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD99D9FCAEFF7A" bold="true" box="[151,843,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072EFF862ADD99D9FD8DFF7A" ID-CoL="56YY8" authority="Hartman, 1956" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,616,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD99D9FE75FF7A" bold="true" box="[151,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072EFF862BD599D9FD85FF7A" author="Hartman" box="[415,608,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Hartman, O. (1956) Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109, 239 - 310." type="journal article" year="1956">Hartman, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251F05B072EFF86283F99D9FCAEFF7A" box="[629,843,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD99F4FDDBFF1F" blockId="5.[151,843,151,212]" box="[151,574,186,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862ADD99F4FEE0FF1F" box="[151,261,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(C, D, and F) and 4 (A–F)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072EFF862ADD984BFBB9FE97" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD984BFD06FED7" blockId="5.[151,1116,261,348]" box="[151,739,261,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072EFF862ADD984BFDDFFED7" authority="Treadwell, 1943" authorityName="Treadwell" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,570,261,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bruniaceae" genus="Audouinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bruniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="branchiata">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD984BFE64FED7" box="[151,385,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Audouinia branchiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072EFF862BC2984BFDDFFED7" author="Treadwell" box="[392,570,261,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Treadwell, A. B. (1943) New species of polychaetous annelids from Hawaii. American Museum Novitates, 1233, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1943">Treadwell, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: p. 1,
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862833984BFD3AFED7" box="[633,735,261,284]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1910,1934]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,262,787,811]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,477,1887]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,381,766]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,465,1889]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,381,766]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. SEM of Cirriformia crassicollis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, anterior serrated capillary chaeta; D, mid-body neuroacicular spines alternated with capillary chaeta; E, posterior end and pygidium in dorsal view; F, a juvenile specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Variation of size-dependent characters in Cirriformia crassicollis. A—Relationships among the commencement of notoacicular and neuroacicular spines and the total number of chaetigers in complete specimens. B— Relationships among the body length (in mm), the number of chaetigers, and the position where the tentacular filaments begin (chaetiger 3, 4, 5 or 6) in complete specimens." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198230/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/198231/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD986BFD6AFEF7" blockId="5.[151,1116,261,348]" box="[151,655,293,316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072EFF862ADD986BFDDEFEF7" ID-CoL="VGZ6" authority="Hartman, 1956" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,571,293,316]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD986BFE75FEF7" box="[151,400,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cirriformia hawaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072EFF862BDD986BFDDEFEF7" author="Hartman" box="[407,571,293,316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Hartman, O. (1956) Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109, 239 - 310." type="journal article" year="1956">Hartman, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: p. 293.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD980BFBB9FE97" blockId="5.[151,1116,261,348]" box="[151,1116,325,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD980BFE7FFE97" box="[151,410,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072EFF862ADD980BFE76FE97" ID-CoL="VGZ6" box="[151,403,325,348]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">Cirriformia hawaiensis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072EFF862BEA980BFDA1FE97" author="Hartman" box="[416,580,325,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Hartman, O. (1966) Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 23, 163 - 252." type="journal article" year="1966">Hartman, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: p. 226;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072EFF8628D4980BFC91FE97" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[670,884,325,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refString="Bailey-Brock, J. H. (1987) Phylum Annelida. In: Devaney, D. M., Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 213 - 454." type="book chapter" year="1987">Bailey-Brock, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: p. 371, plate
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF862E43980BFBD2FE97" box="[1033,1079,325,348]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">3.II.</date>
3.c.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072EFF862ADD98C4FDCDFD61" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862ADD98C4FDCDFD61" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862ADD98C4FE68FE6F" bold="true" box="[151,397,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AD2F90072EFF862BDF98C4FE35FE6F" box="[405,464,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF86280398C4FD59FE6F" bold="true" box="[585,700,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="54AD2F90072EFF86280398C4FD59FE6F" box="[585,700,394,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0709F7072EFF86288698C4FCCDFE6F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[716,808,394,420]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">AMNH</collectionCode>
3260), Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 1925, coll. A.E. Verrill. Non-type material: Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 1925, coll. A.E. Verrill (47,
<collectionCode id="ED0709F7072EFF862ECB98FEFB3EFE01" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1153,1243,432,458]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">AMNH</collectionCode>
3280); Hospital Point, Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 21°20΄56΄ 157°58΄0 7΄,
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF862935989BFC4FFE24" box="[895,938,469,495]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF8629FD989BFBCBFE24" box="[951,1070,469,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1996-10">Oct 1996</date>
, coll. R. DeFelice (2,
<collectionCode id="ED0709F7072EFF862F0F989BFA78FE24" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1349,1437,469,495]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">USNM</collectionCode>
1145382); Hull of Stoddart, Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 21°21΄20΄ 157°58΄11΄,
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF862E0F98B4FB59FDDF" box="[1093,1212,506,532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2000-11">Nov 2000</date>
, coll. R. Brock (3); Kaimana Beach on
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072EFF862B319B6EFD93FDF2" box="[379,630,544,569]" class="Insecta" family="Batrachedridae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicornia">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862B319B6EFD93FDF2" box="[379,630,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Gracilaria salicornia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mats, Oahu, Hawaii, 21°15΄49΄ 157°49΄21΄,
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF862ECE9B6EFB05FDF1" box="[1156,1248,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2009-04-09">9/04/09</date>
, coll. C. Moody (2), Kahuku, North shore of Oahu, Hawaii, removed from oyster shells,
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF8629AB9B0BFBA9FD94" box="[993,1100,581,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1997-12-27">12/27/97</date>
, 21°41΄22΄ 157°56΄35΄, coll. J.H. Bailey-Brock (4); Hanauma Bay, Keyhole, Oahu, Hawaii, 21°16΄11΄ 157°41΄41΄, from hard substrate,
<date id="FFA8B7F2072EFF862FCF9B24FF39FD61" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1999-08-17">8/ 17/99</date>
, coll. J.H. Bailey-Brock (3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072EFF862A8C9BFBFB41F80F" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8C9BFBFC7FFC64" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862A8C9BFBFE10FD04" bold="true" box="[198,501,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Redescription.
<typeStatus id="54AD2F90072EFF862BC99BFBFE10FD04" box="[387,501,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF862BB69BFBFDABFD04" box="[508,590,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF8628DD9BFBFD14FD04" box="[663,753,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
wide for about 186 chaetigers. Other specimens
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF862F669BFBFA79FD04" box="[1324,1436,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="5.0">5–43 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF862A959B94FE91FD3F" box="[223,372,730,756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.8 mm</quantity>
wide for 66–182 chaetigers. Body rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally, narrower on posterior one-third in comparison with anterior end. Some specimens with shallow ventral groove on last chaetigers. Anterior and posterior ends with segments concertined. Distinct segments throughout. Color in alcohol yellow to tan; black spots on prostomium, peristomium and mid-body segments. Branchial and tentacular filaments pale yellow. Some specimens with darker area over dorsal surface including branchial filaments from posterior end of the body. Color in life not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8F9AF4FC42FBD4" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Prostomium rounded, wider than long, without eyes (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF8629199AF4FC7BFC1F" box="[851,926,954,980]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Timarete hawaiensis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). Some specimens with row of pigment spots along anterior-ventral margin of peristomium and chaetigers 1–3. Peristomium formed by three annulations with first one dorsally inflated resembling dorsal crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8F9D64FE19FAA4" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Tentacular filaments in two widely separated groups, each dorsally located on chaetigers
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072EFF862F6F9D64FA91FB8F" box="[1317,1396,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
all specimens analyzed (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862BDB9D1EFE3AFBA1" box="[401,479,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
C and 4A, D), not size-dependent. Each patch with about 7–9 filaments arranged in two rows oblique to chaetigers 3 and 4, with more filaments on chaetiger 4. Branchial filaments first present on third peristomial annulation, one pair per segment; on chaetiger 1 positioned above notopodial ridge (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862AAE9D8EFECEFB11" box="[228,299,1216,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Timarete hawaiensis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). On chaetigers 10–18, branchial filaments shifted from near notopodium to mid-dorsum, with a larger distance than that between noto- and neuropodia from notopodium (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862E639DABFB9DFB34" box="[1065,1144,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D and 4B). Dorsolateral bulge over notopodium on chaetigers 1–10 shifted to mid-dorsum on chaetiger 10–18. Branchial filaments numerous on anterior end and few to absent on posterior body. Shifting of branchial filaments not a sizedependent character (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862BD89C1BFE3DFAA4" box="[402,472,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1014,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,993]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,993]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Variation of size-dependent characters in Timarete hawaiensis. A—Relationships among the commencement of notoacicular and neuroacicular spines and the total number of chaetigers in complete specimens. B— Relationships between the body length (in mm) and the number of chaetigers. C—The position in chaetigers where the branchial filaments shift to mid-dorsum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198233/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8F9C34FD72F8E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Parapodia well developed on anterior chaetigers forming distinct shoulder; this elongated forming lateral bulge where branchial filaments shift to mid-dorsum (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF8629689CEEFC97FA71" box="[802,882,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D and 4B). Noto- and neuropodium distinctly separated; notopodium lateral and neuropodium ventral throughout. Serrated capillary chaetae more abundant on anterior parapodia, with 6–8 capillaries (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF8628D59CA4FD02F9CF" box="[671,743,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Timarete hawaiensis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F). Neuropodial acicular spines from chaetiger 8–19 while notoacicular spines from chaetigers 21–78; appearance of acicular spines size-dependent (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862EFF9F5EFB1EF9E1" box="[1205,1275,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1014,1038]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,993]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,993]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Variation of size-dependent characters in Timarete hawaiensis. A—Relationships among the commencement of notoacicular and neuroacicular spines and the total number of chaetigers in complete specimens. B— Relationships between the body length (in mm) and the number of chaetigers. C—The position in chaetigers where the branchial filaments shift to mid-dorsum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198233/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). In several specimens, neuroacicular spines begin where branchial filaments shift dorsally above notopodia. Anterior acicular spines 3–4 per neuropodium, accompanied by 1–2 capillaries; fewer aciculars posteriorly, with 2–3 spines per neuropodium, rarely accompanied by capillaries. Anterior notoacicular spines 2–3 (rarely 4) per notopodium, with 1–2 acicular spines and rarely one capillary on far posterior chaetigers. Number of acicular spines on anterior and posterior noto- and neuropodia constant in relation to number of chaetigers. Neuroacicular spines curve distally, more robust than notoacicular spines (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF862E4D9FBEFBAAF8C1" box="[1031,1103,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Timarete hawaiensis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C). Notoacicular spines pale yellow, straight, fragile, and mostly broken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8F9E74FD74F89F" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" box="[197,657,1850,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Pygidium with terminal anus (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF8628629E74FD8AF89F" box="[552,623,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,493,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Timarete hawaiensis showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072EFF862A8C9E11FB41F80F" blockId="5.[151,1437,394,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072EFF862A8C9E11FDBEF8B2" bold="true" box="[198,603,1887,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Methyl green staining pattern.</emphasis>
Entire body including branchial and tentacular filaments staining slightly. Prostomium not staining while first peristomial annulation stained intensely. The second peristomial annulation not stained dorsally (
<figureCitation id="132D8DB7072EFF8628459EE4FDB4F80F" box="[527,593,1962,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,346,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cirriformia crassicollis. A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; E, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end. Timarete hawaiensis. C, anterior end in dorsal view; D, anterior end in lateral view; F, Methyl green staining pattern of the anterior end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198229/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F). Notopodial and neuropodial ridges not stained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072DFF842A8C99D9FEFEFAED" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072DFF852A8C99D9FC84FF37" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852A8C99D9FEDAFF7A" bold="true" box="[198,319,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
The transfer of
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF85284C99D6FCFEFF7A" box="[518,795,152,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF85284C99D6FCFEFF7A" box="[518,795,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cirriformia hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF85298B99D6FBC2FF7A" box="[961,1063,152,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF85298B99D6FBC2FF7A" box="[961,1063,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Timarete</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made based on the dorsal position of the branchial filaments on mid-body segments. This characteristic was previously reported in the descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072DFF852B1A99ACFDF9FF37" author="Treadwell" box="[336,540,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Treadwell, A. B. (1943) New species of polychaetous annelids from Hawaii. American Museum Novitates, 1233, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1943">Treadwell (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072DFF85281E99ACFCEFFF37" author="Hartman" box="[596,778,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Hartman, O. (1956) Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109, 239 - 310." type="journal article" year="1956">Hartman (1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072DFF85295F99ACFCB1FF37" author="Hartman" box="[789,852,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Hartman, O. (1966) Polychaetous annelids of the Hawaiian Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 23, 163 - 252." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072DFF852A8C9846FA95FE7C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF852A8C9846FDA8FEE9" authority="Grube 1859" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1859" box="[198,589,264,290]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852A8C9846FE45FEEA" box="[198,416,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Timarete punctata</emphasis>
(Grube 1859)
</taxonomicName>
is a common species in Hawaii and differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF852EFF9846FABCFEEA" box="[1205,1369,264,289]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852EFF9846FABCFEEA" box="[1205,1369,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">T. hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251F05B072DFF852F219846FF0DFE8C" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by the body color.
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF852BAC9863FD2EFE8D" box="[486,715,301,326]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852BAC9863FD2EFE8D" box="[486,715,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Timarete punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark brown with black irregular spots throughout and tentacular filaments with black lateral stripes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072DFF852883981CFCB2FEA7" author="Cinar" box="[713,855,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Cinar, M. E. (2007) Re-description of Timarete punctata (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) and its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 71 (4), 755 - 764." type="journal article" year="2007">Çinar 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Whereas,
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF8529AF981CFB6CFEA0" box="[997,1161,338,363]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF8529AF981CFB6CFEA0" box="[997,1161,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">T. hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dusky dark brown pigment only on the ventral surface of the peristomium; the branchial and tentacular filaments of alcohol preserved specimens are pale yellow. The tentacular filaments arise on chaetigers 3 and 4 on both species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF69C1BA072DFF852ADD9ED7FCFBF83B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[151,1436,493,1924]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072DFF852ADD9ED7FCFBF83B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1945,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852ADD9ED7FEF9F87A" bold="true" box="[151,284,1945,1969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
SEM of
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072DFF852BCB9ED4FD84F87A" box="[385,609,1946,1969]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072DFF852BCB9ED4FD84F87A" box="[385,609,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing: A, anterior end in dorsal view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, mid-body neuropodium and notopodium; D, anterior end showing branchial and tentacular insertion, abbreviation: brbranchia; E, Pygidium; F, anterior serrated capillary chaetae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF69C1BA072CFF842ADD9AB8FDA3FBA5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[151,1436,194,993]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072CFF842ADD9AB8FDA3FBA5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1014,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842ADD9AB8FECDFBC5" bold="true" box="[151,296,1014,1038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Variation of size-dependent characters in
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF8429799AB9FBCBFBC5" box="[819,1070,1015,1038]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF8429799AB9FBCBFBC5" box="[819,1070,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A—Relationships among the commencement of notoacicular and neuroacicular spines and the total number of chaetigers in complete specimens. B— Relationships between the body length (in mm) and the number of chaetigers. C—The position in chaetigers where the branchial filaments shift to mid-dorsum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072CFF842A8C9DD2FEFEFAED" blockId="7.[151,1437,1180,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF842A8C9DD2FE77FB7D" author="Treadwell" box="[198,402,1180,1206]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Treadwell, A. B. (1943) New species of polychaetous annelids from Hawaii. American Museum Novitates, 1233, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1943">Treadwell (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF842B869DD2FD6DFB7D" author="Hartman" box="[460,648,1180,1206]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Hartman, O. (1956) Polychaetous annelids erected by Treadwell, 1891 to 1948, together with a brief chronology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109, 239 - 310." type="journal article" year="1956">Hartman (1956)</bibRefCitation>
reported five or six neuroacicular spines in the
<typeStatus id="54AD2F90072CFF842EF19DD2FAC0FB7D" box="[1211,1317,1180,1206]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; however, none of the specimens examined, including the
<typeStatus id="54AD2F90072CFF84288F9D8CFCCBFB17" box="[709,814,1218,1244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, have more than four aciculars in the neuropodium.
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842ADD9DA9FE62FACB" box="[151,391,1255,1280]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842ADD9DA9FE62FACB" box="[151,391,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its congeners by the presence of branchial filaments on the third peristomial annulation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072CFF842A8C9C7FFD70F8C7" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072CFF842A8C9C7FFC13F9CD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1180,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842A8C9C7FFECFFA80" bold="true" box="[198,298,1329,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Biology.</emphasis>
The specimens from the type-locality inhabit sponges and are found with
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842EC59C7CFED8FABA" authority="Grube (1855)" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1855" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Haplosyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842EC59C7CFA79FA80" box="[1167,1436,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Haplosyllis spongicola</emphasis>
Grube (1855)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842B309C19FCC1FABA" authority="Brock 1888" authorityName="Brock" authorityYear="1888" box="[378,804,1367,1393]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842B309C19FE14FABB" box="[378,497,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Ophiactis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF8428689C19FD62FABB" box="[546,647,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">modesta</emphasis>
Brock 1888
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF84297A9C19FBCEFABB" box="[816,1067,1367,1392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF84297A9C19FBCEFABB" box="[816,1067,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reproduces both sexually and asexually by fission. Some specimens were found regenerating anterior and/or posterior ends. Several specimens had completely regenerated anterior ends that were pale in color that contrasted with the darker pigmentation of the rest of the body. In addition, mature females were found with eggs.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF842EE19C89FA81FA2A" author="Petersen" box="[1195,1380,1479,1505]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Petersen, M. E. (1999) Reproduction and development in Cirratulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Hydrobiologia, 402, 107 - 128." type="journal article" year="1999">Petersen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
also stated that other
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842B139CA2FE25F9CE" box="[345,448,1516,1541]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842B139CA2FE25F9CE" box="[345,448,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Timarete</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species reproduce by architomic fragmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA99132072CFF842A8C9F5CFD70F8C7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1180,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
Some specimens from Paiko Lagoon, south coast of Oahu Island, Hawaii, 21°16΄58΄ 157°43΄29΄, identified by Dr. Olga Hartman as
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF8428729F79FCAAF99B" box="[568,847,1591,1616]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Cirriformia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF8428729F79FCAAF99B" box="[568,847,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Cirriformia hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed in aquaria by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF842EF89F79FA88F99A" author="Thomas" box="[1202,1389,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Thomas, K. (1973) A contribution to the Zoology and distribution of annelids in Paiko Lagoon, Oahu. Master Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 109 pp." type="book" year="1973">Thomas (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. He pointed out that this species does not construct burrows but occupies a vertical subsurface position in the sediment with feeding tentacles and a few branchiae protruding above the surface.
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842ED59FCCFA78F950" box="[1183,1437,1666,1691]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842ED59FCCFA78F950" box="[1183,1437,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Timarete hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the sediment surface layers to about
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072CFF8428EF9FE9FD0BF90A" box="[677,750,1703,1729]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
in depth but is more abundant in the upper
<quantity id="4CEE3CD7072CFF842EA19FE9FACDF90A" box="[1259,1320,1703,1729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
. The long branchiae protrude into the overlying water for respiration; the tentacles picking up detritus at the sediment water interface that is presumably ingested.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CC2B9072CFF842A8C9E59FD8BF86A" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA99132072CFF842A8C9E59FD8BF86A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1180,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842A8C9E59FE82F8FA" bold="true" box="[198,359,1815,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
The type-locality is Pearl Harbor, south shore of Oahu, Hawaii (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF842E8D9E59FA6AF8FA" author="Treadwell" box="[1223,1423,1815,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Treadwell, A. B. (1943) New species of polychaetous annelids from Hawaii. American Museum Novitates, 1233, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1943">Treadwell 1943</bibRefCitation>
). Additional specimens were found at Paiko Lagoon (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF84294C9E72FC4AF89D" author="Thomas" box="[774,943,1852,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Thomas, K. (1973) A contribution to the Zoology and distribution of annelids in Paiko Lagoon, Oahu. Master Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 109 pp." type="book" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87ECC3072CFF8429F69E72FB46F89D" author="Bailey-Brock" box="[956,1187,1852,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Bailey-Brock, J. H. (1987) Phylum Annelida. In: Devaney, D. M., Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press, Hawaii, pp. 213 - 454." type="book chapter" year="1987">Bailey-Brock 1987</bibRefCitation>
), Hanauma Bay, and Kaimana beach, south shore, and at Kahuku, north shore of Oahu, Hawaii. This distribution indicates that
<taxonomicName id="4C16EAB1072CFF842FCC9E2CFEFFF86B" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Timarete" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hawaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9624D20072CFF842FCC9E2CFEFFF86B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">T. hawaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Oahu, Hawaii.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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