410 lines
55 KiB
XML
410 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="B6934E8596718BACE474234FC1F40097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211983" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39e91ee6-07f7-4d74-b0d4-864983c4d63c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211983" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460491883961" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aryuthaka, Chittima & Kito, Kenji" docDate="2012" docId="563DAB49FFDCB45437A7B880FDA9F9F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03350p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3350" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Daptonema hyalocella Aryuthaka & Kito, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="AA04D331FFDEB4523730BA0CFFC8FFBD" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698310164790" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1ED9CEFE2A93EF3617E5D84BDD81BB3C">
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<mods:title id="652F1A06340079CED7A48169625F2D31">Two new species of the genus Daptonema Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Xyalidae) found in the monospecific Halophila ovalis patches within an intertidal mixed-species seagrass bed on the coast of the Andaman Sea, Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C1A85A273AC7E8DA5118644EE7EAEB49" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B975DC022CA5005C86C45413683778B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E64C9490C5BE79B6D6571DAACB87DD2C">Aryuthaka, Chittima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="860F8E5FE27FC5CC4A986C924DD7594D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AE75DCCBCA7824029B6921029017624B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8463243BB4DB61C102CC21D9C2A3CF77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CA9D7AEC9D4A9423B826ADE31AF2B0F5">Kito, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2A20CE6505E8EA78D0AEB76EC214584A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CE4E8D04723E2839EA0F96884E998ACF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A6B7ACBAEF6E6855A5788BA13E9EE181">
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<mods:date id="2E47A5195CE48A8AF2CB838D271E5EFD">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B6BC7723BADFC4C66D0FBB0EC88A074D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1494CE712E85B33F3D3D8CAF8C4545CD">3350</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="08BFA88AA2181108EE1BCD9CEC58FE62">34</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="ADA3E2A365CA6D8B0F44530255B8398C">46</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0ECC488CBC061E04E5BA2742DFDD375B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4274D3B7BD8255EA1E78DFA4C2EE032B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211983</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0A9A778B402C5905488B5963FA81F99B" type="GBIF-Dataset">39e91ee6-07f7-4d74-b0d4-864983c4d63c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="748BCF99C2E3841F7E8A80E41118A6E7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F8913D84EF5263415E2CF135E6AF99BB" type="Zenodo-Dep">211983</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="563DAB49FFDCB45437A7B880FDA9F9F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670632" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119519373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:563DAB49FFDCB45437A7B880FDA9F9F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/563DAB49FFDCB45437A7B880FDA9F9F2" lastPageId="6" pageId="2">
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<subSubSection id="968E49D4FFDCB45037A7B880FEA7FD7B" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037A7B880FE27FD18" blockId="2.[151,495,651,710]" box="[151,495,651,678]" pageId="2">
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<heading id="8563AD33FFDCB45037A7B880FE27FD18" bold="true" box="[151,495,651,678]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB45037A7B880FE27FD18" bold="true" box="[151,495,651,678]" pageId="2">
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<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDCB45037A7B880FE6DFD1B" ID-CoL="8G6H5" box="[151,421,652,678]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="2" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB45037A7B880FE6DFD1B" bold="true" box="[151,421,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="2">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFDCB450369DB887FE27FD18" box="[429,495,651,677]" pageId="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037A7B8A2FEA7FD7B" blockId="2.[151,495,651,710]" box="[151,367,686,710]" pageId="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB45037AFB8A2FF2AFD7B" box="[159,226,686,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–H, 3A–F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="968E49D4FFDCB45037A7B8FBFE9AFC23" pageId="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037A7B8FBFD53FCEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB45037A7B8FBFE93FCB2" bold="true" box="[151,347,758,783]" pageId="2">
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45037A7B8FBFF1AFCB2" box="[151,210,759,783]" pageId="2">Type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</emphasis>
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Five males and
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<specimenCount id="C892D1D6FFDCB4503529B8FAFD43FCB3" box="[537,651,758,782]" pageId="2" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
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.
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45035A7B8FAFCCBFCB3" box="[663,771,758,782]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male (
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB4503466B8FAFC53FCB3" box="[854,923,758,782]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="2">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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3811). Allotype: female (
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB45033F2B8FAFACFFCB3" box="[1218,1287,758,782]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="2">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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3817).
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB4503251B8FBFF1EFC8E" pageId="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="C892D1D6FFDCB45037D1B916FEFFFC8F" box="[225,311,794,818]" pageId="2" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB4503677B916FE44FC8F" box="[327,396,794,818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="2">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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3812-3814;
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB450352BB917FDA5FC8F" box="[539,621,795,818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m1dy-7gjd" name="Kasetsart University Museum of Fisheries" pageId="2">KUMF</collectionCode>
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, T0009) and
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<specimenCount id="C892D1D6FFDCB4503432B916FCA6FC8F" box="[770,878,794,818]" pageId="2" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB450344DB916FC0AFC8F" box="[893,962,794,818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="2">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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3815,3816 & 3818;
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<collectionCode id="B885829AFFDCB450339CB917FB36FC8F" box="[1196,1278,795,818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m1dy-7gjd" name="Kasetsart University Museum of Fisheries" pageId="2">KUMF</collectionCode>
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, T0010). Collected on
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<date id="AA2A3C9FFFDCB4503633B932FE1AFCEB" box="[259,466,830,854]" pageId="2" value="2003-02-04">4th February 2003</date>
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by C. Aryuthaka.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F7B96FFE9AFC23" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45037F7B96FFF37FCC6" box="[199,255,867,891]" pageId="2">Type</typeStatus>
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locality and habitat: in
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<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDCB450353BB96FFD00FCC6" box="[523,712,867,891]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Halophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovalis">
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<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB450353BB96FFD00FCC6" box="[523,712,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="2">Halophila ovalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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patches at Ban Pa Khlok, Phuket Province,
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<collectingCountry id="A6835ACFFFDCB450338CB96EFAEBFCC7" box="[1212,1315,866,890]" name="Thailand" pageId="2">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="BBA07C98FFDCB450321FB96EFF66FC23" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="15" value="8.022222">8º 01' 20'' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BBA07C98FFDCB4503789B98AFE86FC23" box="[185,334,902,926]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="15" value="98.41111">98º 24' 40'' E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="968E49D4FFDCB45737F7B9A7FB68F88B" lastPageId="5" pageId="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F7B9A7FE13FC7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" box="[199,475,938,963]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB45037F7B9A7FEB5FC7E" bold="true" box="[199,381,939,963]" pageId="2">Measurements.</emphasis>
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Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F9B9C2FD26FC5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" box="[201,750,974,999]" pageId="2">
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45037F9B9C2FEFDFC5B" box="[201,309,974,998]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: L = 741 µm, a = 20.6, b = 7.0, c = 4.6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F9B9FEFE22FB93" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">
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Males (n = 5, including
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45036E8B9FEFD88FBB7" box="[472,576,1010,1034]" pageId="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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): L = 676–890 (773 ± 79.6) µm, a = 17.3–21.7 (19.4 ± 1.7), b = 6.0–7.0 (6.6 ± 0.4), c = 4.4–5.2 (4.8 ± 0.3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F9BE36FD48FBCB" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">Females (n = 5): L = 694–859 (783 ± 60.7) µm, a = 15.8–20.5 (18.7 ± 1.9), b = 6.1–6.5 (6.4 ± 0.2), c = 4.5–5.4 (5.0 ± 0.3), V (%) = 55.9–58.3 (57.2 ± 1.0).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F7BE8EFEA5FA07" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDCB45037F7BE8EFE91FB26" bold="true" box="[199,345,1154,1179]" pageId="2">Description.</emphasis>
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MALE (
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<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFDCB45036F5BE8EFDE7FB27" box="[453,559,1154,1178]" pageId="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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ZIHU 3811: range and/or avg ± sd in parentheses). Body short, about 0.7 (0.6–0.9) mm long, almost uniform diameter except pharyngeal and tail regions; posterior portion bent dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB45037AFBEC6FF2CFB5F" box="[159,228,1226,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). Cuticle weakly striated, annules about 1.5 (1.3–2.0) µm apart but somewhat obscure on lateral chords. Epidermal cells of dorsal, ventral and lateral chords highly transparent, well thickened, extending inwards into body cavity, especially in pharyngeal region (
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB4503592BF1EFD20FA97" box="[674,744,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B, 3A, D); a central row of cells in lateral chords somewhat reticulated, not as thickened as adjacent rows of transparent cells (
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB450344FBF3AFC05FAF3" box="[895,973,1334,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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B, 3B). In lateral view, transverse boundaries of each 2 adjoining transparent epidermal cells appear like bridges that subdivide the body cavity into compartments. Short somatic setae sparsely distributed throughout body, usually less than 6 µm long; peculiar cervical setae not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45037F9BFCAFEAFF967" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" pageId="2">
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Head (
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB4503624BFCAFE9FFA63" box="[276,343,1478,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 3A) blunt, clearly set off; labial region low, about 7 (6–7) µm in height. Head equipped with 6 tiny papillae and 12 short cephalic setae, 0.7 (0.6–0.7; 0.6 ± 0.04) hd long at maximum. Amphids circular, small, about 6 (5.6–6.6; 6.1 ± 0.4) µm in diameter, occupying 27/27 (25–33; 28.9 ± 2.9) % cbd; anterior margin of amphids 0.8/0.8 (0.5–0.9; 0.8 ± 0.1) hd from anterior body end. Buccal cavity cup-shaped, about 8 (7–8) µm wide, posterior half surrounded by pharynx. Pharynx (
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<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB4503588BC5AFD35F9D3" box="[696,765,1622,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 3E) muscular, almost cylindrical but gradually enlarging toward posterior portion, 0.15 (0.14–0.17) body length. Cardia short, 7 (7–12) µm long. Nerve ring indistinct, anterior margin 49 (42–49; 45.5 ± 2.6) % of pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Ventral gland and excretory pore not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDCB45137F9BCEAFA8CFF69" blockId="2.[151,1437,758,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="3" pageId="2">
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Reproductive system diorchic. Anterior testis outstretched, to the left of the intestine, extending to near pharyngeal end, 464 (396–578; 475 ± 75.5) µm or 63 (59–65; 61.8 ± 2.6) % of body length from cloaca; posterior testis, right of intestine, reflexed at 294 (245–355; 296 ± 39.5) µm or 40 (36–40; 38.2 ± 1.5) % of body length from cloaca and extending backward to level 156 (109–175; 140.0 ± 25.7) µm or 21 (14–22; 18.2 ± 3.2) % of body length from cloaca. Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDCB45036D2BD7AFDEDF833" box="[482,549,1910,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 3C) weakly cuticularized, remarkably thin (about 1 µm in diameter at middle portion) and short, 0.8/0.7 (0.6–0.8; 0.73 ± 0.05) abd long on arc or 0.8/0.7 (0.6–0.8; 0.69 ± 0.05) on chord; proximal end not cephalated, proximal and distal portions loosely curved in counter directions (loose S-shaped). Gubernaculum indistinct, small lateral pieces (crura) located near distal end of spicules. Ejaculatory glands between distal end of posterior testis and cloaca on each side of the intestine but exact number not clearly observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8AEB4AD7FFDDB45137A7BD8BFBA3F867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" targetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDDB45137A7BD8BFBA3F867" blockId="3.[151,1437,1927,2011]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDDB45137A7BD8BFEDBF820" bold="true" box="[151,275,1927,1950]" pageId="3">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDDB451362ABD85FDC8F820" box="[282,512,1927,1950]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDDB451362ABD85FDC8F820" box="[282,512,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDDB4513537BD84FD89F820" bold="true" box="[519,577,1928,1949]" pageId="3">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFDDB4513537BD84FD89F820" box="[519,577,1928,1949]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8AEB4AD7FFDBB45737A7BE1DFCAAFAA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211986/files/figure.png" pageId="5" targetBox="[151,1434,193,1020]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737A7BE1DFCAAFAA0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1309]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB45737A7BE1DFEDEFB9A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1041,1064]" pageId="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDBB457362FBE1FFDC0FB95" box="[287,520,1042,1064]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB457362FBE1FFDC0FB95" box="[287,520,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB4573522BE1EFD86FB9A" bold="true" box="[530,590,1042,1063]" pageId="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFDBB4573522BE1EFD86FB9A" box="[530,590,1042,1063]" pageId="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male (A–C, Holotype ZIHU 3811; D, additional specimen): A) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the head region. B) Amphid and epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the lateral chord in the anterior region. C) Distal portion of the spicule and lateral piece of the gubernaculum. D) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal, lateral and ventral chords in the pharyngeal region; transverse section, top is dorsal side. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817): E) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the anterior region. F) Uterus and postvulval sac in the vulval region. A–C, E, F, left side view; D, en face view. B, C, computer-integrated composite of original photomicrographs. Bar scales: A–D, 10 µm; E, F, 20 µm. Abbreviations: asterisk (*)—epidermal cell showing transparent appearance, amp—amphid, lp—lateral piece of gubernaculum, ph —pharynx, pvs —postvulval sac, spic—spicule, u —uterus, v—vulva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737F9BF46FCA1FA17" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" pageId="5">
|
||
Tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDBB4573635BF46FE82FADF" box="[261,330,1354,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) conico-cylindroid, 5.8 (5.5–5.8; 5.7 ± 0.11) abd long; posterior cylindroid portion about twofifths (0.3–0.4) of tail length; a long terminal seta located on each side, 12 (8–14) µm long. Spinneret short, not protruded. Three caudal glands in line and partially overlapping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737F9BFBBFDBAF9E3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" pageId="5">
|
||
FEMALE (Allotype ZIHU 3817; range and/or avg ± sd in parentheses). Similar to males in most features. Body short about 0.8 (0.6–0.9) mm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDBB4573542BFD6FD7FFA4F" box="[626,695,1498,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Epidermal chords consisting of transparent cells, especially in pharyngeal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDBB4573645BFF2FE71F9AB" box="[373,441,1534,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1041,1064]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1020]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1021]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (A – C, Holotype ZIHU 3811; D, additional specimen): A) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the head region. B) Amphid and epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the lateral chord in the anterior region. C) Distal portion of the spicule and lateral piece of the gubernaculum. D) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal, lateral and ventral chords in the pharyngeal region; transverse section, top is dorsal side. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817): E) Epidermal cells showing transparent appearance of the dorsal and ventral chords in the anterior region. F) Uterus and postvulval sac in the vulval region. A – C, E, F, left side view; D, en face view. B, C, computer-integrated composite of original photomicrographs. Bar scales: A – D, 10 µm; E, F, 20 µm. Abbreviations: asterisk (*) — epidermal cell showing transparent appearance, amp—amphid, lp—lateral piece of gubernaculum, ph — pharynx, pvs — postvulval sac, spic—spicule, u — uterus, v—vulva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211986/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Amphids slightly smaller than in male, 5.5/5.4 (5.1–6.1; 5.6 ± 0.3) µm in diameter, occupying 26/24 (23–32; 25.7 ± 2.6) % of corresponding body diameter. Nerve ring located at 45 (39–46; 43.7 ± 2.5) % of pharyngeal length from anterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737F9BC66FA5EF953" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" pageId="5">
|
||
Reproductive system monodelphic, prodelphic. Ovary outstretched, left of intestine, extending near to pharyngeal end, 321 (276–332; 305 ± 22.0) µm or 41 (37–41; 39.0 ± 1.4) % of body length from vulva. Vulva transverse, located slightly posterior to midbody, 5.9 (4.8–6.8; 6.0 ± 0.8) abd long anterior to anus; postvulval uterine sac present, 1.6 (1.1–1.6; 1.4 ± 0.2) vd long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDBB4573500BCDAFDB4F953" box="[560,636,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 3F). Small vaginal glands, probably 3, located on each side of vulva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737F9BCF6FB68F88B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" pageId="5">
|
||
Tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46AF06DAFFDBB4573638BCF6FE98F8AF" box="[264,336,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[204,1388,284,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[169,1419,265,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Daptonema hyalocella sp. n. Male (Holotype ZIHU 3811; left side view): A) Entire body. B) Anterior region. C) Head region. D) Posterior region. E) Spicules and gubernaculum. Female (Allotype ZIHU 3817; left side view): F) Entire body. G) Vulval region. H) Posterior region. Bar scales: A, F, 100 µm; B, D, G, H: 20 µm; C, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211985/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H) conico-cylindroid, 5.4 (4.9–6.1; 5.3 ± 0.5) abd long; posterior one-third almost cylindroid (24–35% of tail length). Two terminal setae located at tail end as in male, 8 (8–15) µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="968E49D4FFDBB45437F7BD4EFB99FF45" lastPageId="6" pageId="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45737F7BD4EFD5BF8C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB45737F7BD4EFE86F8E7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1858,1882]" pageId="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDBB4573516BD4EFD52F8E7" box="[550,666,1858,1882]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB4573516BD4EFD52F8E7" box="[550,666,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5">hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the peculiar transparent cells of the epidermal chords which appear to divide the body into compartments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFDBB45437F7BD85FB99FF45" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1616]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB45737F7BD85FE07F81F" bold="true" box="[199,463,1929,1954]" pageId="5">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFDBB45736E7BD87FD10F81F" box="[471,728,1930,1954]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB45736E7BD87FD10F81F" box="[471,728,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFDBB45735D0BD86FCE9F81F" bold="true" box="[736,801,1930,1954]" pageId="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFDBB45735D0BD86FCE9F81F" box="[736,801,1930,1954]" pageId="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized in the genus by the following features: short body length (
|
||
<quantity id="196CB7BAFFDBB4573640BDA2FE37F87B" box="[368,511,1966,1990]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), small de Man’s c ratio (4.4–5.4), peculiar epidermal chords consisting of large cells with transparent appearance (bridge-like structures observed in lateral view as if they are in body cavity), two testes and one ovary, male copulatory apparatus consisting of thin (about 1 µm in diameter at middle portion), short (0.6–0.8 abd long) and loosely S-shaped spicules with no distal cephalation, indistinct gubernaculum with small lateral piece (crura), and conico-cylindroid tail with 2 long terminal setae (8–14 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="968E49D4FFD8B45437F9BB09FDA9F9F2" pageId="6" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFD8B45437F9BB09FB06FD52" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45437F9BB09FE00FEA1" box="[201,456,260,284]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45437F9BB09FE00FEA1" box="[201,456,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45436FFBB08FDC7FEA1" bold="true" box="[463,527,260,284]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B45436FFBB08FDC7FEA1" box="[463,527,260,284]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from most other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543332BB09FB4DFEA1" box="[1026,1157,261,284]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543332BB09FB4DFEA1" box="[1026,1157,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the epidermal chords consisting of large cells with a transparent appearance together with the male copulatory apparatus consisting of conspicuously thin, S-shaped spicules with no proximal cephalation and an indistinct gubernaculum with a lateral piece. Similar epidermal chords have been reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45435C6BB7DFACBFE3A" authority="G. Schneider, 1906" authorityName="G. Schneider" authorityYear="1906" box="[758,1283,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45435C6BB7DFBDFFE35" box="[758,1047,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B4543316BB63FB33FE3A" author="Schneider" box="[1062,1275,367,391]" pageId="6" refString="Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens frei lebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna Flora Fennica, 27, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1906">G. Schneider, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454321CBB63FF2BFE11" author="Schneider" pageId="6" refString="Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens frei lebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna Flora Fennica, 27, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1906">Schneider (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45437C0BB98FE6EFE11" author="Riemann" box="[240,422,404,428]" pageId="6" refString="Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie - Supplement, 31, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45436EDBB99FD50FE11" author="Lorenzen" box="[477,664,404,428]" pageId="6" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261." type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45435DCBB99FBEBFE11" authority="Filipjev, 1922" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[748,1059,404,428]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45435DCBB99FCA5FE11" box="[748,877,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. conicum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454344CBB98FBD2FE11" author="Filipjev" box="[892,1050,404,428]" pageId="6" refString="Filipjev, I. (1922) Sur les Nematodes libres de la mer d'Azov. Trudy Stavropol'skogo Sel'sko-khozyaistvennogo instituta, 1, 185 - 208." type="journal article" year="1922">Filipjev, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454337DBB99FAC3FE11" author="Lorenzen" box="[1101,1291,404,428]" pageId="6" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261." type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, though they did not refer to the epidermal cells as such but described the transverse boundaries of each 2 adjoining epidermal cells as “Trabekel” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45436B1BBD0FDF3FE49" author="Schneider" box="[385,571,476,500]" pageId="6" refString="Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens frei lebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna Flora Fennica, 27, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1906">Schneider, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or “Trabekeln” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B4543438BBD0FC73FE49" author="Riemann" box="[776,955,476,500]" pageId="6" refString="Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie - Supplement, 31, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); terms which mean a cytoplasmic bridge between the cuticle and alimental canal. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45435C9BBF3FC7AFDAA" author="Riemann" box="[761,946,511,535]" pageId="6" refString="Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie - Supplement, 31, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this feature of the epidermal chords has no taxonomic significance because “Trabekeln” did not always exist in his specimens. In the seagrass beds that have been studied, besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45436A5B845FDE5FDDD" box="[405,557,584,608]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45436A5B845FDE5FDDD" box="[405,557,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543504B844FDBDFDDD" bold="true" box="[564,629,584,608]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543504B844FDBDFDDD" box="[564,629,584,608]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the new species described below, there are several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543252B845FF22FD39" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543252B845FF22FD39" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543614B860FD44FD39" authority="Steiner, 1916" authorityName="Steiner" authorityYear="1916" box="[292,652,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Paramonohystera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543614B860FE25FD39" box="[292,493,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6">Paramonohystera</emphasis>
|
||
Steiner, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that also have similar epidermal chords (Aryuthaka & Kito, unpublished data), though their bridge-like structures were usually not clearly evident. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543386B89DFA85FD15" box="[1206,1357,656,680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543386B89DFA85FD15" box="[1206,1357,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543265B89CFA5DFD15" bold="true" box="[1365,1429,656,680]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543265B89CFA5DFD15" box="[1365,1429,656,680]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, these bridge-like structures were distinct in all of the specimens examined, rendering individuals easily distinguishable from other nematodes viewed with transmitted light; they are a valuable taxonomic feature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFD8B45437F9B8F1FDEFFA8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="6">
|
||
In having the distinctive epidermal chords,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543581B8F1FC78FCA9" box="[689,944,764,788]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543581B8F1FC78FCA9" box="[689,944,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543487B8F0FC3FFCA9" bold="true" box="[951,1015,764,788]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543487B8F0FC3FFCA9" box="[951,1015,764,788]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45433BBB8F1FAC4FCA9" box="[1163,1292,765,788]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45433BBB8F1FAC4FCA9" box="[1163,1292,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. conicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B454322AB8F1FF12FC85" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454322AB8F1FF12FC85" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new species described below. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543432B92DFC51FC85" box="[770,921,800,824]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543432B92DFC51FC85" box="[770,921,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543491B92CFC29FC85" bold="true" box="[929,993,800,824]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543491B92CFC29FC85" box="[929,993,800,824]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is easily distinguished from the former three species by the features of male copulatory apparatus; the thin, loose S-shaped spicules with no proximal cephalation and an indistinct gubernaculum with a lateral piece, compare with curved spicules with proximal cephalation and a gubernaculum lacking a lateral piece in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B454341DB981FC78FC19" box="[813,944,909,932]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454341DB981FC78FC19" box="[813,944,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. conicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45434D6B980FB4EFC19" author="Filipjev" box="[998,1158,908,932]" pageId="6" refString="Filipjev, I. (1922) Sur les Nematodes libres de la mer d'Azov. Trudy Stavropol'skogo Sel'sko-khozyaistvennogo instituta, 1, 185 - 208." type="journal article" year="1922">Filipjev, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45433A3B981FA80FC19" author="Lorenzen" box="[1171,1352,908,932]" pageId="6" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261." type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thick, almost L-shaped spicules with proximal cephalation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543437B9BDFC0AFC75" box="[775,962,944,968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543437B9BDFC0AFC75" box="[775,962,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45434C7B9A3FB07FC7A" author="Schneider" box="[1015,1231,943,967]" pageId="6" refString="Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens frei lebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna Flora Fennica, 27, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1906">G. Schneider, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B45433EBB9BDFA58FC7A" author="Lorenzen" box="[1243,1424,943,968]" pageId="6" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261." type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and thick, L-shaped spicules with proximal cephalation and a gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis and a lateral piece in the following new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543514B9F5FCEAFBAD" box="[548,802,1016,1040]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543514B9F5FCEAFBAD" box="[548,802,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543417B9F4FCAEFBAD" bold="true" box="[807,870,1016,1040]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543417B9F4FCAEFBAD" box="[807,870,1016,1040]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
somewhat resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B454336BB9F5FADCFBAD" box="[1115,1300,1016,1040]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454336BB9F5FADCFBAD" box="[1115,1300,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454378ABE10FEB8FB89" author="Riemann" box="[186,368,1052,1076]" pageId="6" refString="Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie - Supplement, 31, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in having the thinner spicules (about 2 µm in diameter, calculated from his drawings, Abb. 22), that bend weakly and are poorly cephalated proximally, and in having a gubernaculum with a lateral piece. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45437E7BE69FEB9FBC1" box="[215,369,1124,1148]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45437E7BE69FEB9FBC1" box="[215,369,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454364BBE68FE76FBC1" bold="true" box="[379,446,1124,1148]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B454364BBE68FE76FBC1" box="[379,446,1124,1148]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45435B5BE69FC8AFBC1" box="[645,834,1124,1148]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45435B5BE69FC8AFBC1" box="[645,834,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the short body length and the small value of de Man’s c ratio;
|
||
<quantity id="196CB7BAFFD8B4543608BE84FE77FB1D" box="[312,447,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
and c = 4.4–5.4 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="196CB7BAFFD8B45435AFBE84FCEEFB1D" box="[671,806,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
and c = 6.7–7.3 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543336BE85FB08FB1D" box="[1030,1216,1160,1184]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543336BE85FB08FB1D" box="[1030,1216,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B45433FEBE85FE6CFB79" authority="Riemann" authorityName="Riemann" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45433FEBE85FF3DFB79" italics="true" pageId="6">Daptonema trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Riemann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported from the mouth of the Elbe on the North Sea. Considering both the male copulatory apparatus and geographic distribution, it might be that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B454345DBEDDFB2AFB55" authority="Riemann" authorityName="Riemann" box="[877,1250,1232,1256]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454345DBEDDFBE3FB55" box="[877,1067,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Riemann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not the same species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543620BEF9FD15FAB1" authority="Schneider (1906)" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1906" box="[272,733,1268,1292]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543620BEF9FE03FAB1" box="[272,459,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454352BBEF8FD15FAB1" author="Schneider" box="[539,733,1268,1292]" pageId="6" refString="Schneider, G. (1906) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Uferschlamm des Finnischen Meerbusens frei lebenden Nematoden. Acta Societatis pro Fauna Flora Fennica, 27, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1906">Schneider (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B4543426BEF9FC1BFAB1" author="Lorenzen" box="[790,979,1268,1292]" pageId="6" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision der Xyalidae (freilebende Nematoden) auf der Grundlage einer kritischen Analyse von 56 Arten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261." type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported from Tvarminne, on the Baltic Sea coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A6835ACFFFD8B4543615BF14FEB2FA8D" box="[293,378,1304,1328]" name="Finland" pageId="6">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="012FA4FDFFD8B45436B9BF14FE73FA8D" box="[393,443,1304,1328]" pageId="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE2B1A5FFFD8B45437F9BF31FDA9F9F2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="6">
|
||
Except for the feature of epidermal chords,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543589BF31FC99FAE9" box="[697,849,1340,1364]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543589BF31FC99FAE9" box="[697,849,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543469BF30FC51FAE9" bold="true" box="[857,921,1340,1364]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B4543469BF30FC51FAE9" box="[857,921,1340,1364]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
rather resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543352BF31FF10FAC5" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microspiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543352BF31FAE2FAE9" box="[1122,1322,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. microspiculum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B454320BBF30FF18FAC5" author="Gerlach" pageId="6" refString="Gerlach, S. (1953) Die Nematodenbesiedlung des Sandstrandes und des Kustengrundwassers an der italienischen Kuste. I. Systematischer Teil. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 37, 517 - 640." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the short, S-shaped spicules with no proximal cephalation. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543367BF6DFB25FAC5" box="[1111,1261,1376,1400]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyalocella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543367BF6DFB25FAC5" box="[1111,1261,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. hyalocella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B45433C5BF6CFAFCFAC5" bold="true" box="[1269,1332,1376,1400]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7D37B36FFD8B45433C5BF6CFAFCFAC5" box="[1269,1332,1376,1400]" pageId="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B4543604BF89FE34FA21" box="[308,508,1412,1436]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microspiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B4543604BF89FE34FA21" box="[308,508,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. microspiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following features (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA0567AEFFD8B4543465BF88FC31FA21" author="Gerlach" box="[853,1017,1412,1436]" pageId="6" refString="Gerlach, S. (1953) Die Nematodenbesiedlung des Sandstrandes und des Kustengrundwassers an der italienischen Kuste. I. Systematischer Teil. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 37, 517 - 640." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): larger de Man’s b ratio (6.0–7.0 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="196CB7BAFFD8B45437A7BFABFEC0FA02" box="[151,264,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.779" metricValueMax="10.668" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="6" unit="in" value="3.85" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="199461DCFFD8B454363FBFA5FE1EFA7D" box="[271,470,1448,1472]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microspiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECE0C64DFFD8B454363FBFA5FE1EFA7D" box="[271,470,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. microspiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 12 shorter cephalic setae 8–10 µm in length (vs. 10 setae 14–16 µm length); smaller and more anterior amphids (6–7 µm diameter, located 0.5–0.9 hd from anterior body end in both sexes vs. about 16 µm diameter in male, located at about 1.5 hd length from anterior body end in female; calculated from original drawings); the presence of an indistinct gubernaculum with a lateral piece (vs. no gubernaculum); and shorter tail terminal setae (8 – 14 µm vs. 25–30µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |