152 lines
18 KiB
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152 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="6CC99A792F53B7422E327B07858C6BA0" ID-CLB-Dataset="35024" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f37895dc-7316-48e6-ac3e-901aa5f79eeb" ID-PMC="PMC4982377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-608-1" ID-PubMed="27559303" ID-ZooBank="F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-608-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 608" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1470408253360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borowiec, Marek L." docDate="2016" docId="8298DB7F7208C0A4A6E1342A7E34AE81" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 608: 1-280" docOrigin="ZooKeys 608" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" docTitle="Vicinopone Bolton & Fisher 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="D563FF93FFEAD163FF9A3E6FFFDDF937" masterDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1732481141242" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="45448F8989E604E8EF15286BF68A04F4">
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<mods:title id="409168D796FC6AC7793D012100149BC6">Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="213EECD3FC26F87E68652FC7FFB8C92F">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0E21D8DD1E6CA5C4A06D70B3CCC04ADC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C9C9696CEBBA497C59D91171D18C0596">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="36398AF251E9833131F05B4FFC2F01CD">608</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FE4031C30D55CC232B74F8CBC4AB6F18">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C80262724E82A5817BAF902126B9AC10">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4F8069377C749E7D2870FEDB3A4CFC04" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8298DB7F7208C0A4A6E1342A7E34AE81" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8298DB7F7208C0A4A6E1342A7E34AE81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8298DB7F7208C0A4A6E1342A7E34AE81" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Aenictogitoninae">
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<subSubSection id="0BE1FA7736D1D86CFBEBCF1D7C022428" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="1B67B4811A57AD5A25CC9D544F6DA3F1" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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<pageBreakToken id="22A696C293A038D7D4484DA2A2979D68" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F40C6A4A729D5A8CAA404318091C4C89" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9228B1B9E0AC60CF84AE6BCBE387CB6A" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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<taxonomicName id="5D57C6DF1EA2F584CE1E15D0385713C0" ID-CoL="CN3T6" authority="Bolton & Fisher, 2012" authorityName="Bolton & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone Bolton & Fisher, 2012</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C18A538DB23640A9AAC7F4868D24943" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="type-species">
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<paragraph id="EEF25E83A2878C4CFC4ACBA0A8324E0D" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Type-species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E0FED77E70F859E5E9B7B0BBFC102BA5" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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<taxonomicName id="82AC4D28C29E3C4AB8942AF37CC1A690" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone conciliatrix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliatrix">Simopone conciliatrix</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4CA56F84B8FF1DC817AA09FC79C4717" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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<taxonomicName id="A43C7FC15373A13C7FC8DF1616ED9F2B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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is a monotypic lineage of arboreal ants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DDD90BE5DB280DB557BC7BFE93F6DCA" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9424938C179AE8B88B5AE845FD963267" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="743F5EF471C851765B953770442DB1B3" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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Worker. The workers of the sole species of
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<taxonomicName id="4A1147507BB0B3AFAB9C3E66E44C6A29" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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are slender and small yellowish ants with large eyes and no ocelli. The cuticle is sculptured with weak punctation.
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<taxonomicName id="29766687BE86E5F805C022B036A17C54" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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is recognized by a combination of propodeal spiracle high on the sclerite and propodeal lobes present, no constrictions between abdominal segments IV, V, and VI, large pygidium armed with modified setae, no ocelli in the worker, 12-segmented antennae and no spur on the middle tibiae. This genus is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="3A78126512AF99B5ECE392C769E0449F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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with which it shares the lack of a mid tibial spur, but in
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<taxonomicName id="C785FCB8958130A4B07B12B158A723EE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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the antennae are 11-segmented and workers have ocelli.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16F6DF5DC0CF90B1283CE0876AF17D1E" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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Male. The male of
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<taxonomicName id="B01DC73FBBFAC4282D756AE678957AA7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1C5F96250402B338CE3413A1BEA1832C" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2ACD510730519B2E3281FDE1EBCA5665" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E3993867BC164FA78574D0DDF593FCED" lastPageId="181" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="180" pageNumber="181">
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Worker.Head: Antennae with 12 segments. Apical antennal segment moderately enlarged, broader than and about equal in length to two preceding segments combined. Clypeus without cuticular apron. Lateroclypeal teeth absent.
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<taxonomicName id="8C337D0FB48B7582668ACB3793237781" class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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reduced. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Antennal scrobes absent. Labrum with median notch or concavity. Proximal face of stipes not projecting beyond inner margin of sclerite, prementum exposed when mouthparts fully closed. Maxillary palps 3-segmented. Labial palps 2-segmented. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Eyes present, composed of more than 20 ommatidia. Ocelli absent. Head capsule without differentiated vertical posterior surface above occipital foramen. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Posterior head corners dorsolaterally immarginate. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally present. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge. Promesonotal connection with Pronotomesopleural suture completely fused.
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<taxonomicName id="C30B617089BA6BB28AB78F7CBDC05EF3" class="Insecta" genus="Pronotomesopleural" lsidName="Pronotomesopleural suture" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suture">Pronotomesopleural suture</taxonomicName>
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visible, unfused partway to notal surface.
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<taxonomicName id="60BF4F9AFE9CB8E3CB7873AE73BA3A45" class="Insecta" genus="Mesometapleural" lsidName="Mesometapleural groove" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">Mesometapleural groove</taxonomicName>
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weakly impressed. Transverse
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<taxonomicName id="CACB4B1B60FB2DB6A296D491A805894F" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron absent. Pleural endophragmal pit concavity present. Mesosoma dorsolaterally immarginate. Metanotal depression or
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<taxonomicName id="16268C00FF4D2CE20CF8B71007CA095D" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="180" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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on mesosoma absent. Propodeal spiracle situated low on sclerite. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin and rectangular in posterior view. Metapleural gland with bulla visible through cuticle. Propodeal lobes present, well developed. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally marginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora forming a U-shaped margin with median ridge. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="FEFA47907E879F848798BCB11CC6F89C" originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III anterodorsally immarginate and dorsolaterally immarginate. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, which is weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like and cross-ribbed. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite, and anterior portions of sternite and tergite equally well
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<pageBreakToken id="7DAFFFDCDB136E64A84210C0D5400A33" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" start="start">visible</pageBreakToken>
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in lateral view. Girdling constriction between pre- and posttergites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Girdling constriction between pre- and poststernites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Pygidium large, with impressed medial field, armed with modified setae. Hypopygium unarmed. Legs: Mid tibia without spurs. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind basitarsus not widening distally, circular in cross-section. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland absent. Metabasitarsal gland absent. Hind pretarsal claws each armed with a tooth. Polymorphism: Monomorphic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE7D93E4CB7DF6D41B37CAF9DE82658A" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Male. Not described.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="768F693650A7AE91041CDD2A491FB710" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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Gyne. Apparently alate, with ocelli and flight sclerites but only dealated specimens known (
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<bibRefCitation id="D9EA34C7D8FE900E59E3733713DAEAEF" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A980EC21C3FC40581DF03C4980718E7D" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Larva. Not described. Cocoons absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="450EC3CAB16E64421DCD1A575DD786A6" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="04F2D22E72E0DE5BD54E02B8951383A2" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BCCF800A7031AEA1520C58ABE9C10AEF" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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So far
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<taxonomicName id="882B2F61903F6CFD394E4AED1F38308F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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has been collected in Ghana, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Tanzania but it is likely that it is more widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4769E82128622D742EEF87639FE9999B" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="taxonomy and phylogeny">
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<paragraph id="E94B619965985001E8C010F3D3CB9A6A" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Taxonomy and phylogeny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="290798294E35E1DAF07D95CF548B01A9" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicName id="66403E5C1DA45E7D73E4195EB9D2D2BB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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is a genus recently established by
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<bibRefCitation id="8C8D6729CB539C3E91801E4E8A9A3883" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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to accommodate the only currently known species,
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<taxonomicName id="8517725ABE4322CC565231A8D0F8842C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone conciliatrix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliatrix">Vicinopone conciliatrix</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A6A32075B1BB7172BBAF294876955B2D" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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The phylogenetic position of
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<taxonomicName id="D346956AAB20FC473692851272E265D8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain (
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<bibRefCitation id="5EED2EB6E72DEE45AA3E117907CDAECC" author="Brady, SG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" title="The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants." url="10.1186/1471-2148-14-93" volume="14" year="2014">Brady et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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, Borowiec, in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EB15D7A2FAB45FF1ED4C6F7802A396A" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="1CABB2A1820D759BF2351EC1A6C27A0F" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8AFEB2B77158F3C65B883752FBE37DF2" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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Little is known of the
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<normalizedToken id="53771DA906CF664AFEBE172DDCB4420F" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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habits, but the two known nest samples have been taken from dead twigs on trees, suggesting that this is an obligatory arboreal nester. Two dealate gynes were collected with the type nest series (
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<bibRefCitation id="154CD6B4A44AE0A3C089E6AD49CE8D7D" author="Brown, WL" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture (Ithaca, New York)" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 115" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, and Aenictogitini. Search." volume="5" year="1975">Brown 1975</bibRefCitation>
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), suggesting that the ant may be polygynous. Brood production is not synchronized, as larvae and pupae of various stages were present in the nests at times of collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B738ACBDAABA4ACE46D57F3F200EF590" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="species of vicinopone">
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<paragraph id="10C7E35E2B1D032C9BA6CBC60768F413" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="E9A7E857B92C387752E70B32DF7820C2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="325219825F7ECD92603D1311AF7A0781" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicName id="19C37752216FF8BA5300EDCD3E39E145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone conciliatrix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliatrix">Vicinopone conciliatrix</taxonomicName>
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(Brown, 1975): Ghana
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |