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<document id="DCE3B76B3D52C62723F594B0C5794A7B" ID-CLB-Dataset="46349" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.278702" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ada039f9-29e0-46de-a589-bb786d02cf94" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="278702" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389282904" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, William D., Baranes, Avi &amp; Goren, Menachem" docDate="2011" docId="03CCCD049C51FFF64DB7963FCCF2FA3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03027p008.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3027" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFF5B57C9C54FFF04D20941CC84AFFA7" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the perciform fish Symphysanodon disii (Symphysanodontidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, with comments on S. pitondelafournaisei and sexual dimorphism in the genus" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698298019016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5CE3120D0F0DA7734FFC173F1B660335">Redescription of the perciform fish Symphysanodon disii (Symphysanodontidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, with comments on S. pitondelafournaisei and sexual dimorphism in the genus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CCCD049C51FFF64DB7963FCCF2FA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696920" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CCCD049C51FFF64DB7963FCCF2FA3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CCCD049C51FFF64DB7963FCCF2FA3B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C37F2F999C51FFF64DB7963FCCF2FA3B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DB7963FCA74FD9B" blockId="5.[151,574,547,572]" box="[151,574,547,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D092CB7E9C51FFF54DB7963FCA74FD9B" bold="true" box="[151,574,547,572]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54DB7963FCA74FD9B" ID-CoL="53QBC" box="[151,574,547,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54DB7963FCA74FD9B" bold="true" box="[151,574,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DB79671CB1FFC27" blockId="5.[151,1436,620,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
It seems appropriate to comment here on another recently described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF549399670CC85FD23" box="[1049,1231,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF549399670CC85FD23" box="[1049,1231,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Symphysanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF549FD9671CA09FD00" authority="Quero, Spitz" authorityName="Quero, Spitz" authorityYear="2009" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF549FD9671C890FD0F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C51FFF54DC39693CA09FD00" author="Quero" box="[227,579,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Quero, J. - C., Spitz, J. &amp; Vayne, J. - J. (2009) Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei: Une nouvelle espece de Symphysanodontidae (Perciformes) de l'ile de La Reunion (France, ocean Indien). Cybium, 33 (1), 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="2009">Quéro, Spitz, and Vayne, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, known from two specimens (90 &amp;
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C51FFF54EC09693CC7BFD0F" box="[992,1073,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
SL) collected at the surface off
<collectingCountry id="F3723C829C51FFF54DB796A8C8BCFD6B" box="[151,246,692,716]" name="Réunion" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Réunion</collectingCountry>
Island (Mascarene Islands), southwestern Indian Ocean (at
<geoCoordinate id="EE511AD59C51FFF54E8F96A8CC44FD6B" box="[943,1038,692,716]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-21.116667">21°07’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE511AD59C51FFF5493D96A8CC34FD6B" box="[1053,1150,692,716]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="55.533333">55°32’E</geoCoordinate>
), in
<date id="FFDB5AD29C51FFF5499596A8CD7CFD6B" box="[1205,1334,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2007-04">April 2007</date>
, after an eruption of the volcano Piton de la Fournaise. Although we have not examined either specimen, radiographs of the
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54DB796E0C8B3FCB3" box="[151,249,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54C3F96E1CA5DFCB3" box="[287,535,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54C3F96E1CA5DFCB3" box="[287,535,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN 2008-0151,
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C51FFF54E2E96E0CB17FCB3" box="[782,861,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
SL) show it to have 25 (10 precaudal + 15 caudal) vertebrae, parapophyses on the first caudal vertebra, configuration of supraneural bones, anterior neural spines, and anterior dorsal pterygiophores 0/0/0 + 2 + 1/1/1/, three epural bones, and 17 (9 + 8) principal caudal-fin rays (in contrast with the count of 19 given in the original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DE59790CD5EFBDB" blockId="5.[151,1436,620,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54DE59790CA17FC03" box="[197,605,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54DE59790CA17FC03" box="[197,605,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguishable from all other known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF549BA9790CD1AFC03" box="[1178,1360,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF549BA9790CD1AFC03" box="[1178,1360,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Symphysanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: parapophyses present on the first caudal vertebra, pectoral-fin rays 15, total number of gillrakers on first arch 34 to 36, tubed lateral-line scales 48 to 50, sum of total number of gillrakers plus tubed lateral-line scales 84. Based on the color photograph published in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C51FFF5482797E4C89FFB93" author="Quero" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Quero, J. - C., Spitz, J. &amp; Vayne, J. - J. (2009) Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei: Une nouvelle espece de Symphysanodontidae (Perciformes) de l'ile de La Reunion (France, ocean Indien). Cybium, 33 (1), 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="2009">
Quéro
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF5487997E5CDDFFBB7" box="[1369,1429,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
:75, fig. 2),
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54C7B9001CA1FFB93" box="[347,597,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54C7B9001CA1FFB93" box="[347,597,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a pattern of coloration which distinguishes it from
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF548339001C88DFBFF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF548339001CD33FB93" box="[1299,1401,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">S. berryi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF548A79001C88DFBFF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disii">S. disii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54DF6905CC922FBFF" box="[214,360,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katayamai">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54DF6905CC922FBFF" box="[214,360,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. katayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54C58905CCA33FBFF" box="[376,633,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54C58905CCA5EFBFF" box="[376,532,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maunaloae">S. maunaloae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54F01905CCA33FBFF" box="[545,633,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typus">
S.
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54F1E905DCA33FBFF" box="[574,633,1089,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">typus</typeStatus>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54F9A905CCBC4FBFF" box="[698,910,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopterygion">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54F9A905CCBC4FBFF" box="[698,910,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. xanthopterygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and which may allow it to be separated from the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54C579078CA67FBDB" box="[375,557,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54C579078CA67FBDB" box="[375,557,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Symphysanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which no information on live coloration is currently available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DE79095CC14FB07" blockId="5.[151,1436,620,1184]" box="[199,1118,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
In the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C51FFF54CD79094CA82FB07" author="Quero" box="[503,712,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Quero, J. - C., Spitz, J. &amp; Vayne, J. - J. (2009) Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei: Une nouvelle espece de Symphysanodontidae (Perciformes) de l'ile de La Reunion (France, ocean Indien). Cybium, 33 (1), 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="2009">
Quéro
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54F669095CA34FB07" box="[582,638,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
:74) the coloration was described as:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DE790CCCB76FADF" blockId="5.[197,1364,1232,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
D’après photographie à l’état frais... le corps de l’holotype est saumon dorsalement, argenté ventralement; les nageoires dorsale, anale et caudale sont jaunes. L’iris est jaunâtre. Une tache jaune au-dessus du bord antérieur de la base des pectorales semble être présente; le corps du
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF549179105CCDDFA96" box="[1079,1175,1305,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
et ses nageoires sont brun-rougeâtre. Dans l’alcool le corps de l’holotype est gris–jaunâtre, plus foncé dorsalement, plus argenté ventralement; le
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54CFA917DCA70FADE" box="[474,570,1377,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
a le dos gris-saumoné.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DE79198CA81F98B" blockId="5.[197,1364,1232,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(= According to the photograph of the fresh state... the body of the
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54EE89198CC60FA3B" box="[968,1066,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is salmon dorsally, silvery ventrally; dorsal, anal and caudal fins are yellow. The iris is yellowish. A yellow spot above the anterior border of the base of the pectoral [fin] apparently present; the body of the
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF5493091D1CC3BFA42" box="[1040,1137,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
and its fins are reddish brown. In alcohol the body of the
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54FAE91ECCABAF9AF" box="[654,752,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is yellowish grey, darker dorsally, more silvery ventrally; the
<typeStatus id="54DEC2B09C51FFF54C189209C9D2F98A" box="[312,408,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
has the back grey salmon.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF54DE59240CC77F8A3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1628,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The published color photograph (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C51FFF54F1F9240CB59F9D3" author="Quero" box="[575,787,1628,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Quero, J. - C., Spitz, J. &amp; Vayne, J. - J. (2009) Symphysanodon pitondelafournaisei: Une nouvelle espece de Symphysanodontidae (Perciformes) de l'ile de La Reunion (France, ocean Indien). Cybium, 33 (1), 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="2009">
Quéro
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54FAE9241CA82F9D3" box="[654,712,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 75, fig. 2) shows the head and body of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF549FD9241C890F93F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitondelafournaisei">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF549FD9241C890F93F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. pitondelafournaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be mainly reddish with a broad yellow band running from posterior part of opercle to caudal peduncle where it narrows appreciably and becomes indistinct, iris mainly yellow but with red dorsally, dorsal fin yellow green, pectoral fin red orange, anal and pelvic fins pallid to transparent, both lobes of caudal fin mainly bright yellow basally, yellow green distally with produced filamentous ends of lobes reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C51FFF64DE59313CB09FF73" blockId="5.[151,1436,1628,2012]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1436]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54DE59313CAEBF88F" bold="true" box="[197,673,1807,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Sexual dimorphism in
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54CFC9313CAEBF88F" bold="true" box="[476,673,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54CFC9313CAD6F88F" box="[476,668,1807,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Symphysanodon</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C51FFF54E64930CCC4DF88F" author="Anderson" box="[836,1031,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. (1970) Revision of the genus Symphysanodon (Pisces: Lutjanidae) with descriptions of four new species. Fishery Bulletin, 68 (2), 325 - 346." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C51FFF54936930CCC30F88F" box="[1046,1146,1808,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C51FFF54936930CCC30F88F" box="[1046,1146,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sexually dimorphic in dentition and in lengths of the pelvic fin and lobes of the caudal fin. Length of pelvic fin varying in females from 21 to 25 % SL and in males more than ca.
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SL from 30 to&gt;87 % SL. The caudal fin is deeply forked with upper and lower lobes produced into long filaments in large males, increasing in length with increase in SL. Length of upper lobe of caudal fin varying in females more than ca.
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SL from 30 to&gt;35 % SL and in males more than ca.
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SL from 34 to&gt;128% SL. Length of lower lobe of caudal fin varying in females more than ca.
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SL from 30 to&gt;34% SL and in males more than ca.
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SL from 32 to&gt;111 % SL. In addition, the dentition is better developed and coarser in males than in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C52FFF64DED94C3CC6DFD9B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64DED94C3C9F7FF50" author="Anderson" box="[205,445,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. (1970) Revision of the genus Symphysanodon (Pisces: Lutjanidae) with descriptions of four new species. Fishery Bulletin, 68 (2), 325 - 346." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson (1970:338)</bibRefCitation>
found that seven (
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SL) of the
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of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF6491E94FCCC9DFF5F" box="[1086,1239,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maunaloae">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF6491E94FCCC9DFF5F" box="[1086,1239,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. maunaloae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that he examined “have the pelvic fin well produced (with the medial branch of the first pelvic soft ray reaching anterior part of base of anal fin or beyond), whereas in the other specimens (
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SL) the pelvic fin, although usually produced, falls short of the anal fin.” Although he had only limited success at determining the sex of the available specimens, he wrote that: “It seems, however, that the well-produced pelvic fin is a male characteristic (as it is in
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF6483E956CCDCAFE2F" box="[1310,1408,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF6483E956CCDCAFE2F" box="[1310,1408,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).”
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64DB79588C93EFE0B" author="Tameka" box="[151,372,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Tameka, S. (1982) Symphysanodon maunaloae Anderson. In: Okamura, O., Amaoka, K. &amp; Mitani, F. (Eds) Fishes of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Tosa Bay: The Intensive Research of Unexploited Fishery Resources on Continental Slopes, Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, 218 - 219, 372. [In Japanese and English.]" type="journal article" year="1982">Tameka (1982:372)</bibRefCitation>
noted that: “First soft ray of pelvic fin elongated in male, reaching backward beyond base of anal fin or to caudal fin. Pelvic fin of female not elongated.”
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64E7595ABCC5FFE68" author="Anderson" box="[853,1045,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. (1970) Revision of the genus Symphysanodon (Pisces: Lutjanidae) with descriptions of four new species. Fishery Bulletin, 68 (2), 325 - 346." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the pelvic fin varied from ca. 22 to&gt;54 % SL. In 16 (
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SL) of an additional
<specimenCount id="9D63B79B9C52FFF64EB795C0CC7EFE53" box="[919,1076,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">48 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF6496195C0CDD6FE53" author="Anderson" box="[1089,1436,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. &amp; Springer, V. G. (2005) Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax. Zootaxa, 996, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2005">Anderson and Springer (2005)</bibRefCitation>
found the pelvic fin to be considerably produced, ranging from ca. 42 to&gt;80 % SL. Gross examination of the gonads of two of those specimens (120 &amp;
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C52FFF64F4F9638CA86FD9B" box="[623,716,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="128.0">128 mm</quantity>
SL) showed them to be males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C52FFF64DE7965BCA0AFCB3" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64DE7965BC9CCFDF8" author="Anderson" box="[199,390,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. (1970) Revision of the genus Symphysanodon (Pisces: Lutjanidae) with descriptions of four new species. Fishery Bulletin, 68 (2), 325 - 346." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
reported the length of upper lobe of caudal fin of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64E9D9654CC1CFDC7" box="[957,1110,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maunaloae">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64E9D9654CC1CFDC7" box="[957,1110,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. maunaloae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to range from ca. 31.2 to ca. 48.9 % SL and the length of lower lobe to range from ca. 30.0 to ca. 43.1 % SL. Measurements of the additional specimens mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64C98968CCB58FD0F" author="Anderson" box="[440,786,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. &amp; Springer, V. G. (2005) Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax. Zootaxa, 996, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2005">Anderson and Springer (2005)</bibRefCitation>
extend those ranges to 29 to ca. 75 % SL for upper lobe and ca. 28 to ca. 76 % SL for lower lobe. Two of those specimens (120 &amp;
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SL) with very long caudal-fin lobes are males (see above). Well-produced pelvic fins and caudal-fin lobes appear to be characteristic of males in
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64DB796E1C965FCB3" box="[151,303,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maunaloae">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64DB796E1C965FCB3" box="[151,303,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. maunaloae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as they are in
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64CF996E1CA73FCB3" box="[473,569,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64CF996E1CA73FCB3" box="[473,569,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C52FFF64DE7973CC91AFBFF" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Based on histological examination two (134 &amp;
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SL) of the six known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF649EF973CCD55FC9F" box="[1231,1311,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhax">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF649EF973CCD55FC9F" box="[1231,1311,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. rhax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are female (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF64DBE9758C9A7FCFB" author="Anderson" box="[158,493,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. &amp; Springer, V. G. (2005) Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax. Zootaxa, 996, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2005">Anderson and Springer, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Those two and two others have short pelvic fins (20-&gt;26% SL); the remaining two (136 &amp;
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C52FFF64DCE9774C906FC27" box="[238,332,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="144.0">144 mm</quantity>
SL) have produced pelvic fins (&gt;64 &amp;&gt; 67 % SL). “Because both specimens known to be female by histological examination have short pelvic fins and because females of the apparent closest relative of this species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64DF097ACC965FC6F" box="[208,303,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64DF097ACC965FC6F" box="[208,303,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have short pelvic fins (in contrast with males which frequently have very well-produced pelvic fins), it is reasonable to assume that the individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64FFB97C9CB64FC4B" box="[731,814,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhax">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64FFB97C9CB64FC4B" box="[731,814,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. rhax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with produced pelvic fins are males” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF401E39C52FFF649DA97C8C92EFBB7" author="Anderson" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Anderson, W. D., Jr. &amp; Springer, V. G. (2005) Review of the perciform fish genus Symphysanodon Bleeker (Symphysanodontidae), with descriptions of three new species, S. mona, S. parini, and S. rhax. Zootaxa, 996, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2005">Anderson and Springer, 2005:21</bibRefCitation>
). As noted above,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64F1297E4CAD9FBB7" box="[562,659,1016,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64F1297E4CAD9FBB7" box="[562,659,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits sexual dimorphism in lengths of caudal-fin lobes. Damage to both caudal-fin lobes on all six specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64FF99001CB62FB93" box="[729,808,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhax">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64FF99001CB62FB93" box="[729,808,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. rhax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
precludes answering the question of sexual dimorphism in this character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA7C129C52FFF64DE79078CCF2FA3B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Sex was determined histologically in all five specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64E409079CBE7FBDB" box="[864,941,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disii">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64E409079CBE7FBDB" box="[864,941,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. disii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(one female,
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C52FFF649699078CCEDFBDB" box="[1097,1191,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="146.0">146 mm</quantity>
SL; four males,
<quantity id="4C9DD1F79C52FFF648449078C8B9FB07" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="155.5" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="148.0">148– 163 mm</quantity>
SL). The dentition is much better developed in the males than in the female (see above for d
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF649DB9094CD4DFB07" bold="true" box="[1275,1287,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e</emphasis>
tails of dentition in
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64DC690B1C978FB63" box="[230,306,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disii">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64DC690B1C978FB63" box="[230,306,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. disii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<figureCitation id="135E60979C52FFF64C4F90B0C9F8FB63" box="[367,434,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,481,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[302,1284,481,1780]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dentition on jaws of Symphysanodon disii. A. TAU P. 13320, 146 mm SL, female. B. TAU P. 13320, 159 mm SL, male. C. TAU P. 13321, 148 mm SL, male. D. Holotype, MSSA 64 - 20 / 1, 163 mm SL mm SL, male. E. TAU P. 13321, 157 mm SL, male. Digital photographs by Sean Money, computer enhanced by Albert E. Sanders (Charleston Museum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), suggesting that there are differences in diets or dietary preferences between the sexes or that these distinctions in dentition may relate to spawning behavior. The sexual dimorphism displayed in the pelvic and caudal fins of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64C4890E8C9E6FAAB" box="[360,428,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berryi">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64C4890E8C9E6FAAB" box="[360,428,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">berryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64C9B90E8CA7DFAAB" box="[443,567,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maunaloae">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64C9B90E8CA7DFAAB" box="[443,567,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">maunaloae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64F5690E8CAE3FAAB" box="[630,681,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhax">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64F5690E8CAE3FAAB" box="[630,681,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">rhax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may function in sexual recognition or may indicate that males and females exploit, at least in part, somewhat different habitats or under certain conditions display different patterns of behavior. We are aware of no other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6507919C52FFF64F8B9120CB2BFAF3" box="[683,865,1340,1364]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Symphysanodontidae" genus="Symphysanodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911A0009C52FFF64F8B9120CB2BFAF3" box="[683,865,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Symphysanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that have obvious sexual dimorphism. This is not surprising in view of the fact that most species for which sexual dimorphism has not been observed are represented in museum collections by a small or relatively small numbers of juvenile and adult specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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