2663 lines
280 KiB
XML
2663 lines
280 KiB
XML
<document id="654358A7026E98C715B9300634B9D37A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245475" ID-ZooBank="BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461250260060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zuparko, Robert L." docDate="2015" docId="03CC87E4FFA64373FF02C03D8CD9F8E0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04017p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4017 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Metaphycus Mercet 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFF5FF9CFF84435BFF95C5638839FF90" masterDocTitle="Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698607410885" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CE416617AEAFD3BCA321718DCA00656C">Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="491359ED9B22DA2A3300969A4A737226" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BAC34A809A3B1D649B3501CEC7F7BC5B">Zuparko, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3D270BD9FD00D9FF3D200CA3D279920C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0AAABE21413A829D3451B09F58D8AF3D">
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<mods:date id="5D29E83AC9E5CE2FDF13968EB4457BA2">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="235D95FAA3F28E2437EA796D0513267B">4017</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BFA703BAC991288A498B231F51010A6E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0FF68A0C01BE758957B519D89339E6FE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CC87E4FFA64373FF02C03D8CD9F8E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123206975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87E4FFA64373FF02C03D8CD9F8E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87E4FFA64373FF02C03D8CD9F8E0" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF02C03D8CEFFA2E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF02C03D89F2FAE8" blockId="34.[151,459,1374,1400]" box="[151,459,1374,1400]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D092819EFFA64379FF02C03D89F2FAE8" bold="true" box="[151,459,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FF02C03D89F2FAE8" ID-CoL="5QJJ" ID-ENA="272322" authority="Mercet 1917" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,459,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF02C03D89F2FAE8" bold="true" box="[151,459,1374,1400]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF02C03D8910FAE8" bold="true" box="[151,297,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Metaphycus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FEA5C03D89F2FAE8" author="Mercet" box="[304,459,1374,1400]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Mercet, R. G. (1917) Encirtinos de Espana. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 17, 538 - 544." type="journal article" year="1917">Mercet 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF02C0C68CEFFA2E" blockId="34.[151,1238,1445,1470]" box="[151,1238,1445,1470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF02C0C688D8FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,225,1445,1470]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FF7DC0C6895AFA2E" box="[232,355,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FEF8C0C689E1FA2E" box="[365,472,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FE76C0C68A55FA2E" box="[483,620,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FDE2C0C68B35FA2E" box="[631,780,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FC82C0C68B99FA2E" box="[791,928,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FC3FC0C68C59FA2E" box="[938,1120,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FBF9C0C68CEFFA2E" box="[1132,1238,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Triozidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF02C08E8A6BF996" box="[151,594,1517,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF02C08E8A6BF996" blockId="34.[151,1436,1517,1902]" box="[151,594,1517,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA64379FF02C08E8A6BF996" box="[151,594,1517,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FF02C08E8A6BF996" ID-CoL="6RCW9" authority="(Howard 1898a: 247) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="247" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="247" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,594,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF02C08E88DBF996" box="[151,226,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">alberti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA64379FF65C08E89EBF996" author="Howard" box="[240,466,1517,1542]" page="247" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FF65C08E89EBF996" author="Howard" box="[240,466,1517,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 247</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FE7FC08E8A70F996" box="[490,585,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF52C3728959F9BA" box="[199,352,1553,1578]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF52C3728959F9BA" blockId="34.[151,1436,1517,1902]" box="[199,352,1553,1578]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA64379FF52C3728939F9BA" box="[199,256,1553,1578]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF52C3728939F9BA" bold="true" box="[199,256,1553,1578]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA64379FE9AC3718959F9BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1554,1578]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF52C3568C7AF9E1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF52C3568BE9F9DE" blockId="34.[151,1436,1517,1902]" box="[199,976,1589,1614]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF52C3568959F9DE" bold="true" box="[199,352,1589,1614]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
W (Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF52C33A8C7AF9E1" blockId="34.[151,1436,1517,1902]" box="[199,1091,1625,1650]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF52C33A895AF9E2" bold="true" box="[199,355,1625,1650]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FEFFC33A89D6F9E2" box="[362,495,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FEFFC33A89D6F9E2" box="[362,495,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ceroplastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FDB1C3398B39F9E2" box="[548,768,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FDB1C3398B39F9E2" box="[548,768,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FC9BC33A8C7AF9E1" box="[782,1091,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FC9BC33A8C7AF9E1" box="[782,1091,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Parthenolecanium persicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF52C31E8ABAF8FE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF52C31E8ABAF8FE" blockId="34.[151,1436,1517,1902]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF52C31E8902F906" bold="true" box="[199,315,1661,1686]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA64379FDE2C31E8AD9F906" box="[631,736,1661,1686]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species has also been recorded from Hawaii and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA64379FACEC31E88DBF92A" name="South Africa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FF78C3C289CEF92A" author="Stauffer" box="[237,503,1697,1722]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Stauffer, S. & Rose, M. (1997) Biological control of soft scale insects in interior plantscapes in the USA. In: Ben-Dov, Y. & Hodgson, C. J. (Eds.), Soft scale insects - their biology, natural enemies and control [Vol. 7 B]. Elsevier, Amsterdam & New York, pp. 183 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1572 - 4379 (97) 80083 - 8" type="journal article" year="1997">Stauffer & Rose (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from Riverside county on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FB82C3C18C85F92A" box="[1047,1212,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FB82C3C18C13F929" box="[1047,1066,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FBACC3C28C85F92A" box="[1081,1212,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FA85C3C288D8F94E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Bernal, J. S., Luck, R. F., Morse, J. G. & Drury, M. S. (2001) Seasonal and scale size relationships between citricola scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) and its parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) on San Joaquin Valley citrus. Biological Control, 20, 210 - 221. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / bcon. 2000.0905" type="journal article">
|
||
Bernal
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FAF6C3C18DA5F92A" box="[1379,1436,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it on citrus from the southern San Joaquin Valley (Fresno, Kern and Tulare counties) without specifying exactly which county it occurred in. They also reared this species from a batch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FADCC3898944F8B6" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FADCC3898944F8B6" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Coccus pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noting that the exact host still needs to be confirmed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FC48C26D8CEEF8B6" box="[989,1239,1805,1830]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Kapranas, A., Morse, J. G., Pacheco, P., Forster, L. D. & Luck, R. F. (2007) Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus. Biological Control, 42, 288 - 299. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.05.012" type="journal article">
|
||
Kapranas
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FBDBC26D8CBFF8B6" box="[1102,1158,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to find this species in their survey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FE20C2518AABF8DA" box="[437,658,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FE20C2518AABF8DA" box="[437,658,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern California citrus. A single specimen from Solano County (UCDC) may belong to this species as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF02C2FD8A3EF826" box="[151,519,1949,1974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF02C2FD8A3EF826" blockId="34.[151,519,1949,2010]" box="[151,519,1949,1974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA64379FF02C2FD8A3EF826" box="[151,519,1949,1974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA64379FF02C2FD8A3EF826" ID-CoL="42BV2" authority="Compere 1957: 227" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,519,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF02C2FD891BF826" box="[151,290,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA64379FEBCC2FD8A3EF826" author="Compere" box="[297,519,1949,1974]" page="227" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1957">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA64379FEBCC2FD89EBF826" author="Compere" box="[297,466,1949,1974]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Compere, H. (1957) Descriptions of species of Metaphycus recently introduced into California and some corrections. Bollettino del Laboratoria di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri', Portici, 15, 221 - 230." type="journal article" year="1957">Compere 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 227
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA64379FF52C2A28959F84A" box="[199,352,1985,2010]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA64379FF52C2A28959F84A" blockId="34.[151,519,1949,2010]" box="[199,352,1985,2010]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA64379FF52C2A28939F84A" box="[199,256,1985,2010]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA64379FF52C2A28939F84A" bold="true" box="[199,256,1985,2010]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA64379FE9AC2A18959F84A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1986,2010]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C5F48A7FFF45" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C5F48B07FF20" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,830,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C5F48959FF20" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C5DF8A7FFF45" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[199,582,188,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C5DF895AFF45" bold="true" box="[199,355,188,213]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FEFFC5DE8A7FFF45" box="[362,582,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FEFFC5DE8A7FFF45" box="[362,582,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C5BC89D6FD38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C5BC89D6FD38" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C5BC8902FF68" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the 1950s, this species was repeatedly imported into California from the Orient against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FADCC583891BFE8D" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FADCC583891BFE8D" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus hesperidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FECFC4668A3BFE8D" box="[346,514,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FECFC4668A3BFE8D" box="[346,514,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it was never considered established here (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FB81C4678C83FE8C" author="Bartlett" box="[1044,1210,260,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FB53C46688E9FED0" author="Lampson" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FE8AC44B8A18FED0" box="[287,545,295,320]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Kapranas, A., Morse, J. G., Pacheco, P., Forster, L. D. & Luck, R. F. (2007) Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus. Biological Control, 42, 288 - 299. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.05.012" type="journal article">
|
||
Kapranas
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FE07C44A89F4FED0" box="[402,461,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found it 50 years later in a survey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC4AC44B8CBFFED0" box="[991,1158,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC4AC44B8BCBFEAF" box="[991,1010,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB96C4448CBFFED0" box="[1027,1158,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitoids. Three scale species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FE94C42E8A73FEF5" box="[257,586,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FE94C42E8A73FEF5" box="[257,586,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FDF7C42F8B11FEF5" box="[610,808,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDF7C42F8B11FEF5" box="[610,808,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pulvinaria psidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FCE4C42E8BEAFEF5" box="[881,979,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FCE4C42E8B46FEF4" box="[881,895,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC03C42F8BEAFEF5" box="[918,979,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been reported as hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FAE8C42E890AFE18" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FAE8C42E8DADFEF4" box="[1405,1428,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C412890AFE18" box="[151,307,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">angustipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FED5C4138A08FE18" author="Noyes" box="[320,561,368,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1994) Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 554 pp." type="book" year="1994">Noyes & Hayat 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FDA9C4138AFFFE18" author="Noyes" box="[572,710,368,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2001) Interactive catalogue of world Chalcidoidea, Taxapad CD. Vancouver, Canada." type="book" year="2001">Noyes 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), based upon citations from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FC6AC40C8C89FE18" author="Bartlett" box="[1023,1200,367,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FB73C40C8D4BFE18" author="Cock" box="[1254,1394,367,392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (Ed.) (1985) A review of biological control of pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Bermuda up to 1982. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Communication, No. 9, 1 - 218. [Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough]" type="journal article" year="1985">Cock (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but I consider these records dubious, at best. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FD1BC4F68BD6FE3D" authority="Barlett" authorityName="Barlett" box="[654,1007,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD1BC4F68A98FE3C" box="[654,673,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD3AC4F78BACFE3D" box="[687,917,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
, Barlett
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(page 61) noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB49C4F68DA5FE3C" box="[1244,1436,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB49C4F68CCAFE3C" box="[1244,1267,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FA95C4F68DA5FE3C" box="[1280,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">angustipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(among other species) reportedly “showed some interest in this scale in the laboratory”, and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB4BC4DB8DA5FE40" authority="Bartlett" authorityName="Bartlett" box="[1246,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB4BC4DB8CD5FE5F" box="[1246,1260,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB69C4D48D01FE40" box="[1276,1336,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
, Bartlett
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(page 69) simply reported that the parasitoid was imported in a biocontrol program, without any evidence that the scale was actually an acceptable host. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FD62C7628B6AFD88" box="[759,851,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD62C7628B3CFD88" box="[759,773,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC80C49C8B6AFD88" box="[789,851,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">psidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is traceable to its importation into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA74378FB7EC49C8D6BFD88" box="[1259,1362,511,536]" name="Bermuda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the 1950s, when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FEBBC7468A6DFDAD" author="Bennett" box="[302,596,548,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Bennett, F. D. & Hughes, I. W. (1959) Biological control of insect pests in Bermuda. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 50, 423 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300053025" type="journal article" year="1959">Bennett & Hughes (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that many parasites from California of “unknown value” against the scale were imported, and among these was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FD29C72A8B56FDF0" box="[700,879,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD29C72A8AEAFDF0" box="[700,723,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD71C72B8B56FDF0" box="[740,879,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which did not become permanently established there. This species is very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FDB5C70E8AA4FD15" box="[544,669,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDB5C70E8A0EFD14" box="[544,567,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDD3C70F8AA4FD15" box="[582,669,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FD4EC70E8C2CFD14" box="[731,1045,620,645]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Rugman-Jones, P. F., Forster, L. D., Guerrieri, E., Luck, R. F., Morse, J. G., Monti, M. m. & Stouthamer, R. (2011) Taxon-specific multiplex-PCR for quick, easy, and accurate identification of encyrtid and aphelinid parasitoid species attacking soft scale insects in California citrus groves. BioControl, 56, 265 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10526 - 010 - 9328 - 4" type="journal article">
|
||
Rugman-Jones
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC1CC70E8BFBFD15" box="[905,962,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, suggest that records of the former may be applicable to the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF02C7B48A2BFD60" box="[151,530,727,752]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF02C7B48A2BFD60" blockId="35.[151,1436,727,1259]" box="[151,530,727,752]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FF02C7B48A2BFD60" ID-CoL="42BV4" authority="Guerrieri & Noyes 2000" authorityName="Guerrieri & Noyes" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,530,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C7B488C2FD60" box="[151,251,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FE94C7B48A2BFD60" author="Guerrieri" box="[257,530,727,752]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C79F8973FC84" box="[199,330,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C79F8973FC84" blockId="35.[151,1436,727,1259]" box="[199,330,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA74378FF52C79F8939FC85" box="[199,256,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C79F8939FC85" bold="true" box="[199,256,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA74378FE9AC79E8973FC84" box="[271,330,765,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6j3y-rabv" name="ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, National Collection of Fungi: Culture Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C67C88CFFC34" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C67C8978FCCC" blockId="35.[151,1436,727,1259]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C67C8959FCA8" bold="true" box="[199,352,799,824]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Alameda, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Clara, Ventura,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB12C6438DACFCA8" box="[1159,1429,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">San Francisco Bay area</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C627890EFCCD" box="[151,311,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Central Valley</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C60488CFFC34" blockId="35.[151,1436,727,1259]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C604895AFC10" bold="true" box="[199,355,871,896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FEFFC60B8A7EFC10" box="[362,583,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FEFFC60B8A7EFC10" box="[362,583,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FDC0C60B8B26FC10" box="[597,799,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDC0C60B8B26FC10" box="[597,799,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Saissetia miranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FCB8C60B8BB1FC10" box="[813,904,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FCB8C60B8B02FCEF" box="[813,827,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FCDCC6048BB1FC10" box="[841,904,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC01C6048C59FC10" box="[916,1120,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Waxiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimosae">Waxiella mimosae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FBFAC6048C88FC10" bold="true" box="[1135,1201,871,896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">NEW</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB2AC60A8DA2FC10" box="[1215,1435,873,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB2AC60A8DA2FC10" box="[1215,1435,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UCRC)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C6D18D45FB7B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C6D18D45FB7B" blockId="35.[151,1436,727,1259]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C6D18902FC5B" bold="true" box="[199,315,946,971]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Early in the 20th century, the South African species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC10C6D18CB2FC5B" box="[901,1163,946,971]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC10C6D18CB2FC5B" box="[901,1163,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metaphycus lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was exported to several countries (including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA74378FE1DC6B589C8FC7F" box="[392,497,982,1007]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in biocontrol programs directed against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC49C6B48CB1FC7F" box="[988,1160,982,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC49C6B48CB1FC7F" box="[988,1160,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FA86C6B5890AFB83" author="Guerrieri" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
realized that two parasitoid species were involved, and described the second one as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FA9CC69F8DACFB83" box="[1289,1429,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FA9CC69F8D19FB83" box="[1289,1312,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FAA4C6998DACFB83" box="[1329,1429,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noting that much of the literature about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FDF2C1438B3EFBA7" box="[615,775,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDF2C1438A47FBA7" box="[615,638,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD1AC17D8B3EFBA7" box="[655,775,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC3DC1438C0AFBA7" box="[936,1075,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC3DC1438B86FBA7" box="[936,959,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC45C17D8C0AFBA7" box="[976,1075,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FBD1C1438C99FBA7" author="In" box="[1092,1184,1054,1079]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Simanton, F. L. (1916) The terrapin scale: an important insect enemy of peach orchards. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, 351, 1 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64473" type="journal article" year="1916">In 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB2EC1438D62FBA7" box="[1211,1371,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB2EC1438CEBFBA7" box="[1211,1234,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB76C17D8D62FBA7" box="[1251,1371,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA74378FED1C1218992FBCB" box="[324,427,1090,1115]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and became established in southern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FC46C1218CD3FBCB" author="Smith" box="[979,1258,1090,1115]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Smith, H. S. & Compere, H. (1928) A preliminary report on the insect parasites of the black scale Saissetia oleae (Bernard). University of California Publications in Entomology, 4, 231 - 334." type="journal article" year="1928">Smith & Compere 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but Noyes (in litt.) thinks this was likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FE2BC10B8A7EFBEF" box="[446,583,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FE2BC10B89ECFBEF" box="[446,469,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FE76C1058A7EFBEF" box="[483,583,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FDC1C1058B3CFBEF" author="Bartlett" box="[596,773,1126,1151]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC0AC10B8C02FBEF" box="[927,1083,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC0AC10B8B8FFBEF" box="[927,950,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC56C1058C02FBEF" box="[963,1083,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(presumably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB41C10B8D65FBEF" box="[1236,1372,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB41C10B8CD2FBEF" box="[1236,1259,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB6CC1058D65FBEF" box="[1273,1372,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) may be the second most effective parasitoid of the black scale in the State, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FC7CC1E88CAAFB33" author="Kennett" box="[1001,1171,1162,1187]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FB5CC1E888D8FB57" author="Lampson" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found it to be much less important. Specimens labelled as this species are recorded from “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB46C1D38DB6FB57" box="[1235,1423,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB46C1D38DB6FB57" box="[1235,1423,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lecanium viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FF56C1B08988FB7B" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" box="[195,433,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF56C1B0895DFB7B" box="[195,356,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
Green
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FE7AC1B18B39FB7B" box="[495,768,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FE7AC1B18B39FB7B" box="[495,768,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both UCRC), but I suspect these are misidentifications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF02C07F8959FAC7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF02C07F8959FAC7" blockId="35.[151,805,1306,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA74378FF02C07F8959FAC7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FF02C07F8AE8FAA3" ID-CoL="6GRYK" authority="(Compere 1947: 10) (Erythraphycus)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1947" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityPageNumber="10" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[151,721,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Erythraphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrocomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C07F8910FAA3" box="[151,297,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">argyrocomus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA74378FEA2C0788A33FAA3" author="Compere" box="[311,522,1307,1331]" page="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1947">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FEA2C0788A33FAA3" author="Compere" box="[311,522,1307,1331]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere 1947: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDB6C0798AF1FAA3" box="[547,712,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Erythraphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA74378FF52C05D8939FAC7" box="[199,256,1342,1367]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C05D8939FAC7" bold="true" box="[199,256,1342,1367]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. USNM
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C0018A36FA0F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C0018A36FA0F" blockId="35.[151,805,1306,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C0018959FAEB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1378,1403]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Lassen, Marin, Monterey, Riverside)
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C0E5895AFA0F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1414,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FEFFC0EB89D1FA0F" box="[362,488,1416,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FEFFC0EB89D1FA0F" box="[362,488,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eriococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF02C0B38AA7FA77" box="[151,670,1486,1511]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF02C0B38AA7FA77" blockId="35.[151,1436,1486,1727]" box="[151,670,1486,1511]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA74378FF02C0B38AA7FA77" box="[151,670,1486,1511]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FF02C0B38AA7FA77" ID-CoL="3LG3X" authority="(Compere 1926a: 30) (Aenasioidea)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityPageNumber="30" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[151,670,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Hexacnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armitagei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C0B3893DFA77" box="[151,260,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">armitagei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA74378FE87C0AC89CBFA77" author="Compere" box="[274,498,1486,1511]" page="30" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FE87C0AC89CBFA77" author="Compere" box="[274,498,1486,1511]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Compere, H. (1926 a) Descriptions of new coccid-inhabiting chalcidoid parasites (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 4, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1926a: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD9EC0AD8AACFA77" box="[523,661,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Aenasioidea</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C0918959F99B" box="[199,352,1522,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C0918959F99B" blockId="35.[151,1436,1486,1727]" box="[199,352,1522,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA74378FF52C0918939F99B" box="[199,256,1522,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C0918939F99B" bold="true" box="[199,256,1522,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA74378FE9AC0908959F99B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1523,1547]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C3758B1BF92F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C3758A4BF9BF" blockId="35.[151,1436,1486,1727]" box="[199,626,1558,1583]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C3758959F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1558,1583]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Los Angeles, Marin)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C3598B1BF92F" blockId="35.[151,1436,1486,1727]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C359895AF9C3" bold="true" box="[199,355,1594,1619]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description was based on a specimen collected on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FBCDC3588C8FF9C2" box="[1112,1206,1595,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FBCDC3588C8FF9C2" box="[1112,1206,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in Los Angeles, which led Compere to opine that the host was likely to be a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FCC4C3038B9FF9E7" box="[849,934,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FCC4C3038B9FF9E7" box="[849,934,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., but such an association has never been established. A single specimen (RLZC) was collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FCB9C3E08BCFF90B" box="[812,1014,1666,1691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agrifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FCB9C3E08BCFF90B" box="[812,1014,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Quercus agrifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Marin County, indicating that the species extends throughout California’s central coast area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF02C38D8AB4F897" box="[151,653,1774,1799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF02C38D8AB4F897" blockId="35.[151,1436,1774,2015]" box="[151,653,1774,1799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA74378FF02C38D8AB4F897" box="[151,653,1774,1799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FF02C38D8AB4F897" ID-CoL="53PBX" authority="(Howard 1898a: 245) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="245" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,653,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF02C38D8924F897" box="[151,285,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA74378FEBEC38D8A35F897" author="Howard" box="[299,524,1774,1799]" page="245" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FEBEC38D8A35F897" author="Howard" box="[299,524,1774,1799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 245</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDB0C38D8ABDF897" box="[549,644,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C2718959F8BB" box="[199,352,1810,1835]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C2718959F8BB" blockId="35.[151,1436,1774,2015]" box="[199,352,1810,1835]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA74378FF52C2718939F8BB" box="[199,256,1810,1835]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C2718939F8BB" bold="true" box="[199,256,1810,1835]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA74378FE9AC2708959F8BB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1811,1835]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C2558D01F82B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C2558A67F807" blockId="35.[151,1436,1774,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C2558959F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1846,1871]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Butte, Calaveras, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Lassen, Los Angeles, Madera, Marin, Monterey, Nevada, Plumas, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tulare, Yolo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C2C18D01F82B" blockId="35.[151,1436,1774,2015]" box="[199,1336,1954,1979]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C2C1895AF82B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1954,1979]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FEFFC2C189D6F82B" box="[362,495,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FEFFC2C189D6F82B" box="[362,495,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FDB0C2C18B4EF82B" box="[549,887,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FDB0C2C18B4EF82B" box="[549,887,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FC10C2C18CAFF82B" box="[901,1174,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FC10C2C18CAFF82B" box="[901,1174,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FB31C2C78D01F82B" box="[1188,1336,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB31C2C78C8BF82B" box="[1188,1202,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FB55C2C78D01F82B" box="[1216,1336,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">pruinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA74378FF52C2A58DA5F84F" box="[199,1436,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA74378FF52C2A58DA5F84F" blockId="35.[151,1436,1774,2015]" box="[199,1436,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FF52C2A58902F84F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FED3C2A58A24F84F" author="Timberlake" box="[326,541,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA74378FD2AC2AB8C01F84F" authority="(Howard 1898a)" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[703,1080,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD2AC2AB8AEFF84F" box="[703,726,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FD7CC2AB8B56F84F" box="[745,879,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">oregonensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA74378FC16C2A58C08F84F" author="Howard" box="[899,1073,1990,2015]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably the male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA74378FAE8C2AB8DADF84F" box="[1405,1428,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C5F48ABCFE3C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C5F48C29FEF4" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C5F48924FF20" ID-CoL="53PBX" box="[151,285,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C5F48924FF20" box="[151,285,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and later suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFDD1C5FA8B9DFF20" authority="Howard 1881" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1881" box="[580,932,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvinariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDD1C5FA8A62FF20" box="[580,603,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDF9C5F48AD4FF20" box="[620,749,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">pulvinariae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFD6BC5F48BA5FF20" author="Howard" box="[766,924,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Howard, L. O. (1881) Report of the parasites of Coccidae in the collections of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Part III. In: Comstock, J. H. (Ed.), Report of the entomologist for 1880. United States Department of Agriculture (Entomology), Washington, pp. 350 - 372." type="journal article" year="1881">Howard 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be synonymous as well (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFA81C5FB8907FF45" author="Compere" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Compere, H. & Annecke, D. P. (1961) Descriptions of parasitic Hymenoptera and comments (Hymenopt.: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 24, 17 - 71." type="journal article" year="1961">Compere & Annecke 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This same paper noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD1DC5DE8B0AFF45" ID-CoL="53PBX" box="[648,819,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD1DC5DE8AA6FF44" box="[648,671,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD38C5DF8B0AFF45" box="[685,819,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was indistinguishable from the imported Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFAE8C5DE8981FF68" authority="Mercet 1921" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFAE8C5DE8DADFF44" box="[1405,1428,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C5BC893EFF68" box="[151,263,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">insidiosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFE8DC5838996FF68" author="Mercet" box="[280,431,224,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Mercet, R. G. (1921) Fauna Iberica. Himenopteros Fam. Encirtidos. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, 732 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10362" type="book" year="1921">Mercet 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although there is no evidence that the latter ever established in California. They also reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEA5C46689E4FE8D" ID-CoL="53PBX" box="[304,477,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Sympherobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEA5C466897EFE8C" box="[304,327,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFECDC46789E4FE8D" box="[344,477,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFCADC4668C1EFE8C" ID-CoL="42C9Y" authority="Compere" authorityName="Compere" box="[824,1063,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFCADC4668B76FE8C" box="[824,847,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFCCAC4678B8FFE8D" box="[863,950,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Compere
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphologically, although these two species can be separated based on host species. Two specimens from Santa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFBD1C4448CC3FED0" ID-CoL="923KX" authority="County" authorityName="County" box="[1092,1274,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Barbara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barbara County</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM) that seems to be referable to this species were reared from
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD62C42F8C30FEF5" box="[759,1033,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD62C42F8BBFFEF5" ID-CoL="42C8B" box="[759,902,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="physokermis">Physokermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFC18C42F8C30FEF5" ID-CoL="4HJ3K" box="[909,1033,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignicola">insignicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C4F78ABCFE3C" blockId="36.[151,1436,404,611]" box="[151,645,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C4F78ABCFE3C" box="[151,645,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C4F78ABCFE3C" ID-CoL="3BCV2" authority="(Compere 1947: 11) (Erythraphycus)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1947" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityPageNumber="11" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[151,645,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Erythraphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C4F788E6FE3D" box="[151,223,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">calvus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFF78C4F78987FE3C" author="Compere" box="[237,446,404,428]" page="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1947">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFF78C4F78987FE3C" author="Compere" box="[237,446,404,428]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere 1947: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFE4DC4F78A44FE3D" box="[472,637,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Erythraphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C4D48959FE40" box="[199,352,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C4D48959FE40" blockId="36.[151,1436,404,611]" box="[199,352,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C4D48939FE40" bold="true" box="[199,256,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C4D48939FE40" box="[199,256,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA0437FFE9AC4DB8959FE40" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,440,464]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C4BF8B42FD88" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C4BF8DA5FE65" blockId="36.[151,1436,404,611]" box="[199,1436,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C4BF8959FE65" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Contra Costa, Marin, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernardino, Santa Clara, Solano, Stanislaus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C49C8B42FD88" blockId="36.[151,1436,404,611]" box="[199,891,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C49C895AFD88" bold="true" box="[199,355,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected on an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFDB4C7628AA6FD88" box="[545,671,513,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Eriogonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDB4C7628AA6FD88" box="[545,671,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Eriogonum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD41C49C8B4AFD88" box="[724,883,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C7478C03FDF3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C7478C03FDF3" blockId="36.[151,1436,404,611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C7478902FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Compere described this species with only the first two funicular segments darkened, but here I include a series of specimens which have the 3rd and 4th segments darkened as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C7F18AD8FD3B" box="[151,737,658,683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C7F18AD8FD3B" blockId="36.[151,1437,658,1008]" box="[151,737,658,683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C7F18AD8FD3B" box="[151,737,658,683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C7F18AD8FD3B" ID-CoL="6QY4C" authority="(Timberlake 1918: 358) (Pseudococcobius)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="358" authorityYear="1918" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="358" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,737,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Melanaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clauseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C7F188CDFD3B" box="[151,244,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">clauseni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFE96C7F189C4FD3B" author="Timberlake" box="[259,509,658,683]" page="358" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1918">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFE96C7F189C4FD3B" author="Timberlake" box="[259,509,658,683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1918) New genera and species of Encyrtidae from California parasitic in mealybugs (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 1, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1918">Timberlake 1918: 358</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD83C7F18AE0FD3B" box="[534,729,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pseudococcobius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C7D58959FD5F" box="[199,352,694,719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C7D58959FD5F" blockId="36.[151,1437,658,1008]" box="[199,352,694,719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C7D58939FD5F" box="[199,256,694,719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C7D58939FD5F" bold="true" box="[199,256,694,719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA0437FFE9AC7D48959FD5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,695,719]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C7B98952FCCF" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C7B98BECFC87" blockId="36.[151,1437,658,1008]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C7B98959FD63" bold="true" box="[199,352,730,755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Alameda, Calaveras, Contra Costa, Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Napa, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Clara, Sonoma, Stanislaus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C6418952FCCF" blockId="36.[151,1437,658,1008]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C641895AFCAB" bold="true" box="[199,355,802,827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC6418A85FCAB" box="[362,700,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Amonostherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC6418A85FCAB" box="[362,700,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Amonostherium lichtensioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD5FC6478BDAFCAB" box="[714,995,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adenostomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD5FC6478BDAFCAB" box="[714,995,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Eriococcus adenostomae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFC64C6478C4DFCAB" box="[1009,1140,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFC64C6478C3BFCAB" box="[1009,1026,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFB9AC6418C4DFCAB" box="[1039,1140,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, E. sp.;
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFB58C6418D36FCAB" bold="true" box="[1229,1295,802,827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NEW</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFA8BC647893CFCCF" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFA8BC647893CFCCF" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Eriococcus coccineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UCRC)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C6098D13FC7F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C6098D13FC7F" blockId="36.[151,1437,658,1008]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C6098902FC13" bold="true" box="[199,315,874,899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFEDDC6098A19FC13" author="Timberlake" box="[328,544,874,899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1918) New genera and species of Encyrtidae from California parasitic in mealybugs (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 1, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1918">Timberlake (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded this species from an “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFC3FC60F8BC9FC13" box="[938,1008,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Erium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFC3FC60F8BC9FC13" box="[938,1008,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Erium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.” on cactus, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFA9BC6098DA5FC13" author="Peck" box="[1294,1436,874,899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Peck, O. (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - synoptic catalog. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Monograph 2, Washington, pp. 410 - 594." type="journal article" year="1951">Peck (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered possibly an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFE09C6ED8A74FC37" box="[412,589,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Amonostherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFE09C6ED8A74FC37" box="[412,589,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Amonostherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFD26C6ED8B78FC37" author="Essig" box="[691,833,910,935]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Essig, E. O. (1926) Insects of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp." type="book" year="1926">Essig (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFB04C6F38D2BFC37" box="[1169,1298,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFB04C6F38C9BFC37" box="[1169,1186,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFB25C6ED8D2BFC37" box="[1200,1298,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFAA9C6EC8965FC5B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFAA9C6EC88DDFC5B" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Spartina foliosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Poaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is limited to the high tide zone in the San Francisco Bay area. I have collected specimens over a range of ecological habitats, including the Sierra foothills, inland chapparal, and the coastal plain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C17D8959FBCB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C17D8959FBCB" blockId="36.[151,632,1054,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C17D8959FBCB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C17D8A41FBA7" ID-CoL="73CW7" authority="(Howard 1898a: 244) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="244" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,632,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquilletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C17D8930FBA7" box="[151,265,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">coquilletti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFE82C17D89C1FBA7" author="Howard" box="[279,504,1054,1079]" page="244" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFE82C17D89C1FBA7" author="Howard" box="[279,504,1054,1079]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 244</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD84C17D8A49FBA7" box="[529,624,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C1218939FBCB" bold="true" box="[199,256,1090,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C1218939FBCB" box="[199,256,1090,1115]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. USNM
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C1058A67FB33" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C1058A67FB33" blockId="36.[151,632,1054,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C1058959FBEF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1126,1151]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Los Angeles)
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C1E9895AFB33" bold="true" box="[199,355,1162,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC1E98A67FB33" box="[362,606,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bigeloviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC1E98A67FB33" box="[362,606,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pulvinaria bigeloviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C1B78AB0FB7B" box="[151,649,1234,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C1B78AB0FB7B" blockId="36.[151,1435,1234,1439]" box="[151,649,1234,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C1B78AB0FB7B" box="[151,649,1234,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C1B78AB0FB7B" ID-CoL="42BZ8" authority="(Timberlake 1916: 631) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="631" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="631" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,649,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriococci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C1B788C6FB7B" box="[151,255,1236,1259]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">eriococci</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFE98C1B18A31FB7B" author="Timberlake" box="[269,520,1234,1259]" page="631" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFE98C1B18A31FB7B" author="Timberlake" box="[269,520,1234,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake 1916: 631</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDB4C1B18AB9FB7B" box="[545,640,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C1958959FA9F" box="[199,352,1270,1295]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C1958959FA9F" blockId="36.[151,1435,1234,1439]" box="[199,352,1270,1295]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C1958939FA9F" box="[199,256,1270,1295]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C1958939FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,256,1270,1295]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA0437FFE9AC1948959FA9F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1271,1295]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C0798B08FAC7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C0798A11FAA3" blockId="36.[151,1435,1234,1439]" box="[199,552,1306,1331]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C0798959FAA3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1306,1331]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Contra Costa)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C05D8B08FAC7" blockId="36.[151,1435,1234,1439]" box="[199,817,1342,1367]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C05D895AFAC7" bold="true" box="[199,355,1342,1367]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC05C8A7FFAC7" box="[362,582,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC05C8A7FFAC7" box="[362,582,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFDC1C0238B08FAC7" box="[596,817,1344,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDC1C0238B08FAC7" box="[596,817,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Eriococcus quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C0018D49FA0F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C0018D49FA0F" blockId="36.[151,1435,1234,1439]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C0018902FAEB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1378,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Originally described from Utah,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFD40C0018B53FAEB" author="Essig" box="[725,874,1378,1403]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Essig, E. O. (1926) Insects of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp." type="book" year="1926">Essig (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from California, without providing a more specific location. I’ve found only one specimen from California, from Mt. Diablo State Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C0B38959F99B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C0B38959F99B" blockId="36.[151,1117,1486,1619]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C0B38959F99B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C0B389EFFA77" ID-CoL="42BZB" authority="Howard 1881: 364" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="364" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,470,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eruptor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C0B388D2FA77" box="[151,235,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">eruptor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFF6CC0AD89F7FA77" author="Howard" box="[249,462,1486,1511]" page="364" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1881">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFF6CC0AD89F7FA77" author="Howard" box="[249,462,1486,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Howard, L. O. (1881) Report of the parasites of Coccidae in the collections of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Part III. In: Comstock, J. H. (Ed.), Report of the entomologist for 1880. United States Department of Agriculture (Entomology), Washington, pp. 350 - 372." type="journal article" year="1881">Howard 1881: 364</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFE72C0AD8A89FA77" bold="true" box="[487,688,1486,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">New state record</emphasis>
|
||
] (CSCA, RLZC)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C0918939F99B" box="[199,256,1522,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C0918939F99B" bold="true" box="[199,256,1522,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. USNM
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C3758C64F9C3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C3758A5AF9BF" blockId="36.[151,1117,1486,1619]" box="[199,611,1558,1583]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C3758959F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1558,1583]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
W (Marin, San Diego)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C3598C64F9C3" blockId="36.[151,1117,1486,1619]" box="[199,1117,1594,1619]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C359895AF9C3" bold="true" box="[199,355,1594,1619]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC3598A97F9C3" box="[362,686,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirridpediformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC3598A97F9C3" box="[362,686,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ceroplastes cirridpediformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD2EC3588B6BF9C3" box="[699,850,1594,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD2EC3588AF7F9C2" box="[699,718,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD49C3598B6BF9C3" box="[732,850,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFCF5C3588B4AF9C2" box="[864,883,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp., “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFC2EC35F8C10F9C3" box="[955,1065,1596,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFC2EC35F8C10F9C3" box="[955,1065,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C3E189EBF90B" box="[151,466,1666,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C3E189EBF90B" blockId="36.[151,1436,1666,1835]" box="[151,466,1666,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C3E189EBF90B" box="[151,466,1666,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C3E189EBF90B" ID-CoL="42BZV" authority="Compere 1947:13" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,466,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C3E1893AF90B" box="[151,259,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">flammeus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFE9CC3E089EBF90B" author="Compere" box="[265,466,1667,1691]" page="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1947">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFE9CC3E0898AF90B" author="Compere" box="[265,435,1667,1691]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:13
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C3C58959F92F" box="[199,352,1702,1727]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C3C58959F92F" blockId="36.[151,1436,1666,1835]" box="[199,352,1702,1727]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C3C58939F92F" box="[199,256,1702,1727]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C3C58939F92F" bold="true" box="[199,256,1702,1727]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA0437FFE9AC3C48959F92F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1703,1727]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF52C3A98AFEF8BB" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C3A989D6F897" blockId="36.[151,1436,1666,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C3A98959F973" bold="true" box="[199,352,1738,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Alameda, Calaveras, Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Mendocino, Plumas, Santa Clara, Sierra, Solano, Tehama)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF52C2718AFEF8BB" blockId="36.[151,1436,1666,1835]" box="[199,711,1810,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C271895AF8BB" bold="true" box="[199,355,1810,1835]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC2718AFEF8BB" box="[362,711,1810,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercitronis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC2718AFEF8BB" box="[362,711,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Parthenolecanium quercitronis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437FFF02C2388959F807" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437FFF02C2388959F807" blockId="36.[151,767,1882,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA0437FFF02C2388959F807" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFF02C2388AC6F8E3" ID-CoL="3Z5V2" authority="(Timberlake 1918: 356) (Pseudococcobius)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1918" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="356" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,767,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Melanaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF02C238892BF8E3" box="[151,274,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fumipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA0437FFEB5C2398A25F8E3" author="Timberlake" box="[288,540,1882,1907]" page="356" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1918">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA0437FFEB5C2398A25F8E3" author="Timberlake" box="[288,540,1882,1907]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1918) New genera and species of Encyrtidae from California parasitic in mealybugs (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 1, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1918">Timberlake 1918: 356</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFDA1C2398ACFF8E3" box="[564,758,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pseudococcobius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA0437FFF52C21D8939F807" box="[199,256,1918,1943]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C21D8939F807" bold="true" box="[199,256,1918,1943]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. USNM
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA0437EFF52C2C189F8FE3D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA0437EFF52C2C189F8FE3D" blockId="36.[151,767,1882,2015]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C2C18959F82B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1954,1979]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Riverside, San Bernardino)
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFF52C2A5895AF84F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1990,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFEFFC2AB89D1F84F" box="[362,488,1992,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFEFFC2AB89D1F84F" box="[362,488,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Eriococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA0437FFD88C2A58AC5F84F" box="[541,764,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA0437FFD88C2A58AC5F84F" box="[541,764,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phenacoccus solani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C5F48902FF20" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFEDDC5F48A19FF20" author="Timberlake" box="[328,544,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1918) New genera and species of Encyrtidae from California parasitic in mealybugs (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 1, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1918">Timberlake (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species was reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC69C5F48D40FF20" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1020,1401,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC69C5F48CD5FF20" box="[1020,1260,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pseudococcus solani</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern California (San Bernardino County). However, it is likely that Timberlake’s identification of the host was based on Essig’s (1909 or 1914) characterization, which was a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFBD1C5BC8D1DFF68" box="[1092,1316,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBD1C5BC8D1DFF68" box="[1092,1316,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phenacoccus solani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFAA6C58388DBFE8D" author="Ben-Dov" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006 b) ScaleNet, Pseudococcidae. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed 30 April 2015)" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Ben-Dov 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Certainly, in a later work
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFDBAC4678B39FE8C" author="Essig" box="[559,768,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Essig, E. O. (1926) Insects of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp." type="book" year="1926">Essig (1926: 833)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the parasitoid (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFBDCC4678DABFE8C" box="[1097,1426,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudococcobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBDCC4678DABFE8C" box="[1097,1426,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pseudococcobius fumipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) “Reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEA2C4448A67FED0" authority="Ferris" authorityName="Ferris" box="[311,606,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEA2C4448A2FFED0" box="[311,534,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phenacoccus solani</emphasis>
|
||
Ferris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern California” and did not include any mention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB68C44488E2FEF5" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB68C44488E2FEF5" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pseudococcus solani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that he recognized the initial record of this species to be a mistake. Further, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFA9DC42F88E2FE18" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFA9DC42F88E2FE18" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phenacoccus solani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from throughout California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFD33C40C8B5DFE18" author="McKenzie" box="[678,868,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="McKenzie, H. L. (1967) Mealybugs of California. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles, 526 pp." type="book" year="1967">McKenzie 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFCEEC40C8C50FE18" box="[891,1129,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCEEC40C8C50FE18" box="[891,1129,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pseudococcus solani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA1437EFF02C4F788D5FE3D" box="[151,236,404,429]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFF6EC4F7898FFE3D" author="Ben-Dov" box="[251,438,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006 b) ScaleNet, Pseudococcidae. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed 30 April 2015)" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Ben-Dov 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF02C4BF89CBFE64" box="[151,498,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF02C4BF89CBFE64" blockId="37.[151,1436,476,752]" box="[151,498,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA1437EFF02C4BF89CBFE64" box="[151,498,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C4BF89CBFE64" ID-CoL="42C25" authority="Annecke 1965: 227" authorityName="Annecke" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,498,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C4BF8928FE65" box="[151,273,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">funicularis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA1437EFE82C4BF89CBFE64" author="Annecke" box="[279,498,476,501]" page="227" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFE82C4BF8987FE65" author="Annecke" box="[279,446,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Annecke, D. P. (1965) Records and descriptions of African Encyrtidae - 3 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 28, 217 - 229." type="journal article" year="1965">Annecke 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 227
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C49C8963FD88" box="[199,346,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C49C8963FD88" blockId="37.[151,1436,476,752]" box="[199,346,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA1437EFF52C49C8939FD88" box="[199,256,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C49C8939FD88" bold="true" box="[199,256,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA1437EFE9AC7638963FD88" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" box="[271,346,512,536]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">SANC</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C7478BC4FDCF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C7478BB6FDAD" blockId="37.[151,1436,476,752]" box="[199,911,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C7478959FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Alameda, Marin, Monterey, Santa Cruz, Yolo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C7248BC4FDCF" blockId="37.[151,1436,476,752]" box="[199,1021,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C724895AFDF0" bold="true" box="[199,355,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEFFC7248A07FDF0" box="[362,574,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEFFC7248A07FDF0" box="[362,574,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pulvinaria delottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFDD9C7248BF6FDF0" box="[588,975,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFDD9C7248B8FFDF0" box="[588,950,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, P
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C70F8CA2FD7F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C70F8CA2FD7F" blockId="37.[151,1436,476,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C70F8902FD15" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was introduced from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA1437EFD56C70F8B6AFD15" box="[707,851,620,645]" name="South Africa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC06C70E8C0DFD14" box="[915,1076,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC06C70E8B93FD14" box="[915,938,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC2CC70E8C0DFD14" box="[953,1076,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">stramineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a biocontrol program against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C7F2892BFD38" box="[151,274,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C7F2889CFD38" box="[151,165,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF29C7EC892BFD38" box="[188,274,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">delottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFECEC7F28A75FD38" box="[347,588,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFECEC7F28950FD38" box="[347,361,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE15C7EC8A75FD38" box="[384,588,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<date id="FFDB1032FFA1437EFD31C7F38B1DFD38" box="[676,804,656,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1978" valueMax="1983">1978–1983</date>
|
||
, and along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB96C7F28CFCFD38" box="[1027,1221,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB96C7F28CFCFD38" box="[1027,1221,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Encyrtus saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is credited with successfully controlling both scale species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFD1CC7D78BB2FD5D" author="Tassan" box="[649,907,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Tassan, R. L. & Hagen, K. S. (1995) Iceplant scales. In: Nechols, J. R., Andres, L. A., Beardsley, J. W., Goeden, R. D. & Jackson, C. G. (Eds.), Biological Control in the western United States - accomplishments and benefits of Regional Research Project W- 84, 1964 - 1989. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication # 3361, pp. 150 - 154." type="journal article" year="1995">Tassan & Hagen 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFBD0C7D68CDCFD5D" box="[1093,1253,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBD0C7D68C65FD5C" box="[1093,1116,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBF9C7D78CDCFD5D" box="[1132,1253,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">funicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being used in a biocontrol program against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFE58C7BB8B99FD60" authority="Lampson & Morse 1992" authorityName="Lampson & Morse" authorityYear="1992" box="[461,928,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE58C7BB8A4DFD60" box="[461,628,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFD16C7BB8BA1FD60" author="Lampson" box="[643,920,728,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be in error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF02C6438ABCFCA8" box="[151,645,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF02C6438ABCFCA8" blockId="37.[151,1436,799,1112]" box="[151,645,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA1437EFF02C6438ABCFCA8" box="[151,645,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C6438ABCFCA8" ID-CoL="3Z5V3" authority="(Howard 1898a: 241) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="241" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="241" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,645,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Melanaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C643892CFCA8" box="[151,277,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">fuscipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA1437EFEB6C67C8A3CFCA8" author="Howard" box="[291,517,799,824]" page="241" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFEB6C67C8A3CFCA8" author="Howard" box="[291,517,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 241</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD88C67C8A45FCA8" box="[541,636,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C6278959FCCC" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C6278959FCCC" blockId="37.[151,1436,799,1112]" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA1437EFF52C6278939FCCD" box="[199,256,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C6278939FCCD" bold="true" box="[199,256,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA1437EFE9AC6278959FCCC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,836,860]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C6048BEBFC58" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C6048B4DFC35" blockId="37.[151,1436,799,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C6048959FC10" bold="true" box="[199,352,871,896]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Alameda, Amador, Calaveras, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Kern, Marin, Monterey, San Benito, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Sonoma, Stanislaus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C6CC8BEBFC58" blockId="37.[151,1436,799,1112]" box="[199,978,943,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C6CC895AFC58" bold="true" box="[199,355,943,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEFFC6CC89D6FC58" box="[362,495,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEFFC6CC89D6FC58" box="[362,495,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFDD4C6CC8BEBFC58" box="[577,978,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFDD4C6CC8B75FC58" box="[577,844,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Arctostaphylos pungens</emphasis>
|
||
(Ericaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C6B78C80FBC8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C6B78C80FBC8" blockId="37.[151,1436,799,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C6B78902FC7D" bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFE11C6B78A06FC7C" author="Howard" box="[388,575,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard (1898a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFDEFC6B78B0CFC7C" author="Compere" box="[634,821,980,1004]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from undetermined “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFAB4C6B68DB6FC7C" box="[1313,1423,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFAB4C6B68DB6FC7C" box="[1313,1423,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lecanium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” species, but this generic name has since been suppressed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFCE5C6948D32FB80" authority="Cockerell. Essig (1926)" authorityName="Cockerell. Essig" authorityYear="1926" box="[880,1291,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCE5C6948BCFFB80" box="[880,1014,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFBEEC6948D32FB80" author="Essig" box="[1147,1291,1015,1040]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Essig, E. O. (1926) Insects of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp." type="book" year="1926">Essig (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ascribed the original host record from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFE53C17F8A54FBA5" box="[454,621,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE53C17F8A54FBA5" box="[454,621,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Arctostaphylos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Sonoma County to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFCE9C17F8CA8FBA4" box="[892,1169,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCE9C17F8CA8FBA4" box="[892,1169,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this conclusion is questionable since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEF9C12289FBFBC8" box="[364,450,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEF9C1228943FBC8" box="[364,378,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE12C12289FBFBC8" box="[391,450,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not otherwise been associated with any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC26C15C8C63FBC8" box="[947,1114,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC26C15C8C63FBC8" box="[947,1114,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Arctostaphylos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF02C1E48A7BFB30" box="[151,578,1159,1184]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF02C1E48A7BFB30" blockId="37.[151,1436,1159,1400]" box="[151,578,1159,1184]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA1437EFF02C1E48A7BFB30" box="[151,578,1159,1184]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C1E48A7BFB30" ID-CoL="42C2S" authority="Daane & Caltagirone 1999: 14" authorityName="Daane & Caltagirone" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,578,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hageni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C1E488DAFB30" box="[151,227,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">hageni</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA1437EFF7FC1EB8A7BFB30" author="Daane" box="[234,578,1159,1184]" page="14" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFF7FC1EB8A22FB30" author="Daane" box="[234,539,1159,1184]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Daane, K. M. & Caltagirone, L. E. (1999) A new species of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitic on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 75, 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1999">Daane & Caltagirone 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 14
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C1CF8964FB54" box="[199,349,1196,1221]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C1CF8964FB54" blockId="37.[151,1436,1159,1400]" box="[199,349,1196,1221]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA1437EFF52C1CF8939FB55" box="[199,256,1196,1221]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C1CF8939FB55" bold="true" box="[199,256,1196,1221]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA1437EFE9AC1CF8964FB54" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" box="[271,349,1196,1220]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" name="Essig Museum of Entomology" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">EMEC</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C1AC8A28FA9D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C1AC89D0FB78" blockId="37.[151,1436,1159,1400]" box="[199,489,1231,1256]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C1AC8959FB78" bold="true" box="[199,352,1231,1256]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Tehama)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C1978A28FA9D" blockId="37.[151,1436,1159,1400]" box="[199,529,1268,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C197895AFA9D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1268,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEFFC1968A28FA9D" box="[362,529,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEFFC1968A28FA9D" box="[362,529,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C07489FBFAE8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C07489FBFAE8" blockId="37.[151,1436,1159,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C0748902FAA0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1328]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a European species, imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA1437EFCD2C0748BBEFAA0" box="[839,903,1303,1328]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1985 during a biocontrol program against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C05E8AA1FAC4" authority="Daane & Caltagirone 1999" authorityName="Daane & Caltagirone" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,664,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C05E897BFAC5" box="[151,322,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFEC1C05F8AA9FAC4" author="Daane" box="[340,656,1340,1365]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Daane, K. M. & Caltagirone, L. E. (1999) A new species of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitic on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 75, 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1999">Daane & Caltagirone 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has been confused with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFBA5C05E8C84FAC5" box="[1072,1213,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBA5C05E8C7EFAC4" box="[1072,1095,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFBCCC05F8C84FAC5" box="[1113,1213,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB6EC05E8987FAE8" authority="Guerrieri & Noyes 2000" authorityName="Guerrieri & Noyes" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB6EC05E8D2BFAC4" box="[1275,1298,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFAB1C05F8DA5FAC5" box="[1316,1436,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFF0BC03C898FFAE8" author="Guerrieri" box="[158,438,1375,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF02C0C48A65FA50" box="[151,604,1447,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF02C0C48A65FA50" blockId="37.[151,1436,1447,2013]" box="[151,604,1447,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C0C48A65FA50" ID-CoL="42C33" authority="(Compere 1926a:25) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityPageNumber="25" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[151,604,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C0C488CDFA50" box="[151,244,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">helvolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFE96C0CB89E2FA50" author="Compere" box="[259,475,1447,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Compere, H. (1926 a) Descriptions of new coccid-inhabiting chalcidoid parasites (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 4, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1926" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1926a:25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE61C0C48A6AFA50" box="[500,595,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C0AF8959FA74" box="[199,352,1484,1509]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C0AF8959FA74" blockId="37.[151,1436,1447,2013]" box="[199,352,1484,1509]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA1437EFF52C0AF8939FA75" box="[199,256,1484,1509]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C0AF8939FA75" bold="true" box="[199,256,1484,1509]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA1437EFE9AC0AF8959FA74" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1484,1508]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C08C8AACF970" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C08C8DA2F9BC" blockId="37.[151,1436,1447,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C08C8959F998" bold="true" box="[199,352,1519,1544]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Alameda, Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Merced, Modoc, Monterey, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Stanislaus, Tulare, Ventura)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C3548AACF970" blockId="37.[151,1436,1447,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C354895AF9C0" bold="true" box="[199,355,1591,1616]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEE4C3548A4CF9C0" box="[369,629,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEE4C3548A4CF9C0" box="[369,629,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ceroplastes destructor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFD1FC35B8B26F9C0" box="[650,799,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helichrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD1FC35B8AA4F9DF" box="[650,669,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD24C3548B26F9C0" box="[689,799,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">helichrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCA1C35B8B7EF9DF" box="[820,839,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC05C35B8C4AF9C0" box="[912,1139,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC05C35B8C4AF9C0" box="[912,1139,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB12C35B8DACF9C0" box="[1159,1429,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB12C35B8CA3F9DF" box="[1159,1178,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB3AC3548DACF9C0" box="[1199,1429,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C33E897BF9E5" box="[151,322,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C33E897BF9E5" box="[151,322,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFEC9C33F8B95F9E4" box="[348,940,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEC9C33F8ABAF9E5" box="[348,643,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eucalymnatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellatus">Eucalymnatus tessellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFD0FC33E8B95F9E4" box="[666,940,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Marsipococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proteae">Marsipococcus proteae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC51C33E8CE6F9E4" box="[964,1247,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC51C33E8C83F9E5" box="[964,1210,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litorea">Parasaissetia litorea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB44C33E8CE6F9E4" box="[1233,1247,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">P</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB6DC33E8D0CF9E4" box="[1272,1333,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFADBC33E8D65F9E4" box="[1358,1372,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C31C8995F908" box="[151,428,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C31C8995F908" box="[151,428,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFE2AC3E28A07F908" box="[447,574,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE2AC3E289F4F908" box="[447,461,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE4AC3E28A07F908" box="[479,574,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">persicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFDC4C31C8BBDF908" box="[593,900,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Protopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFDC4C31C8BBDF908" box="[593,900,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Protopulvinaria pyriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC0DC31C8CA8F908" box="[920,1169,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC0DC31C8CA8F908" box="[920,1169,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pulvinaria aethiopica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB31C3E28D3BF908" box="[1188,1282,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB31C3E28C8BF908" box="[1188,1202,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB51C31C8D3BF908" box="[1220,1282,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">psidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFA80C3E28DADF908" box="[1301,1428,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFA80C3E28D1AF908" box="[1301,1315,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFAA3C31C8DADF908" box="[1334,1428,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">urbicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF02C3C78A3CF92D" box="[151,517,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C3C78A3CF92D" box="[151,517,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFD8FC3C68AE4F92C" box="[538,733,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD8FC3C68AE4F92C" box="[538,733,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Saissetia coffeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFD66C3C68B57F92D" box="[755,878,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD66C3C68B38F92C" box="[755,769,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC83C3C78B57F92D" box="[790,878,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">nigrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC16C3C68BDDF92D" box="[899,996,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC16C3C68BA8F92C" box="[899,913,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC32C3C78BDDF92D" box="[935,996,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFC6CC3C68CB8F92C" box="[1017,1153,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somereni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFC6CC3C68C3EF92C" box="[1017,1031,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB89C3C68CB8F92C" box="[1052,1153,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">somereni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB0DC3C68C9FF92C" box="[1176,1190,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">S</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.;
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB64C3C78D0AF92D" bold="true" box="[1265,1331,1700,1725]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NEW</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFADCC3C68938F970" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFADCC3C68938F970" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Coccus africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFE9BC3A489C1F970" box="[270,504,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFE9BC3A489C1F970" box="[270,504,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Parlatoria pergandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both UCRC)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA1437EFF52C38F8B61F84D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA1437EFF52C38F8B61F84D" blockId="37.[151,1436,1447,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF52C38F8902F895" bold="true" box="[199,315,1772,1797]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a south African species which was established in California in
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFA1437EFBC1C38F8C90F895" box="[1108,1193,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91998" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="1937.0">1937 in</quantity>
|
||
a biocontrol program for
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF2BC2738955F8B8" box="[190,364,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF2BC2738951F8B8" box="[190,360,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">Saissetia oleae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and is one of its most effective imported natural enemies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFC6BC26C8C9BF8B8" author="Bartlett" box="[1022,1186,1807,1832]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFB3BC2738D73F8B8" author="Kennett" box="[1198,1354,1807,1832]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFAC0C2738929F8DC" author="Daane" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Daane, K. M., Barzman, M. S., Kennett, C. E. & Caltagirone, L. E. (1991) Parasitoids of black scale in California: establishment of Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in olive orchards. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 67, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Daane
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF02C25688F6F8DD" box="[151,207,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFE89C2568A0BF8DC" author="Lampson" box="[284,562,1844,1868]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFDD3C2568AE7F8DC" author="Noyes" box="[582,734,1844,1869]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2001) Interactive catalogue of world Chalcidoidea, Taxapad CD. Vancouver, Canada." type="book" year="2001">Noyes (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFCBCC2568B92F8DD" box="[809,939,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Marsipococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCBCC2568B79F8DC" box="[809,832,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFCDBC2578B92F8DD" box="[846,939,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">helvolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a biocontrol agent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB2AC2578DACF8DC" box="[1215,1429,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB2AC2578DACF8DC" box="[1215,1429,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Aonidiella aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this is misleading—the paper he cited (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFDEAC2348BB2F8E0" author="Bellows" box="[639,907,1879,1904]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Bellows, T. S. Jr. & Morse, J. G. (1988) Residual toxicity following dilute or low-volume applications used for control of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) to four beneficial species in a citrus agroecosystem. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81, 892 - 898. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 81.3.892" type="journal article" year="1988">Bellows & Morse 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) merely noted the effect of pesticides (applied for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFF50C21F897CF804" box="[197,325,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF50C21F88EFF803" box="[197,214,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFF7EC21E897CF804" box="[235,325,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
control) on parasitoids of other species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA1437EFCA8C21F8C4CF804" author="Guerrieri" box="[829,1141,1916,1941]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFB6DC21F8D57F805" box="[1272,1390,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aspidiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFB6DC21F8D57F805" box="[1272,1390,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Aspidiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Homoptera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFEA3C2C38987F829" box="[310,446,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFD9AC2C28BA4F828" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" box="[527,925,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Rastrococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA1437EFD9AC2C28B0CF828" box="[527,821,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rastrococcus mangiferae</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Homoptera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA1437EFBDBC2C38D3CF829" box="[1102,1285,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), have been reported as hosts, but they consider these records questionable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C5F48A50FF20" box="[151,617,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C5F48A50FF20" blockId="38.[151,1246,151,320]" box="[151,617,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA2437DFF02C5F48A50FF20" box="[151,617,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C5F48A50FF20" authority="(Cockerell 1898: 276) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="276" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityPageNumber="276" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,617,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C5F488CAFF20" box="[151,243,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">howardi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA2437DFE94C5F489D0FF20" author="Cockerell" box="[257,489,151,176]" page="276" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFE94C5F489D0FF20" author="Cockerell" box="[257,489,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898) A bright red parasite of Coccidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 30, 276. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 30276 - 11" type="journal article" year="1898">Cockerell 1898: 276</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD97C5F48A58FF20" box="[514,609,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C5DF8959FF44" box="[199,352,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C5DF8959FF44" blockId="38.[151,1246,151,320]" box="[199,352,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C5DF8939FF45" box="[199,256,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C5DF8939FF45" bold="true" box="[199,256,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC5DF8959FF44" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C5BC8AB4FE8C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C5BC8A62FF68" blockId="38.[151,1246,151,320]" box="[199,603,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C5BC8959FF68" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Lassen, Riverside)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C4678AB4FE8C" blockId="38.[151,1246,151,320]" box="[199,653,260,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C467895AFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,355,260,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFFC4668A79FE8D" box="[362,576,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinsleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFFC4668A79FE8D" box="[362,576,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Eriococcus tinsleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDDBC4668A66FE8C" box="[590,607,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C4448CE7FED0" box="[199,1246,295,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C4448CE7FED0" blockId="38.[151,1246,151,320]" box="[199,1246,295,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C4448902FED0" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Two specimens (UCDC) from Imperial County may belong to this species as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C40C8B4CFE17" box="[151,885,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C40C8B4CFE17" blockId="38.[151,1436,367,645]" box="[151,885,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C40C8AB3FE18" ID-CoL="FKTH" authority="(Howard 1894: 235) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="235" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,650,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C40C891FFE18" box="[151,294,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">immaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard 1894: 235) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDB7C40C8AB8FE18" box="[546,641,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD0FC40C8B52FE18" bold="true" box="[666,875,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">New combination</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C4F78959FE3C" box="[199,352,404,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C4F78959FE3C" blockId="38.[151,1436,367,645]" box="[199,352,404,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C4F78939FE3D" box="[199,256,404,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C4F78939FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,256,404,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC4F78959FE3C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C4D48A06FE64" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C4D48A19FE40" blockId="38.[151,1436,367,645]" box="[199,544,439,464]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C4D48959FE40" bold="true" box="[199,352,439,464]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Los Angeles)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C4BF8A06FE64" blockId="38.[151,1436,367,645]" box="[199,575,476,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C4BF895AFE65" bold="true" box="[199,355,476,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFFC4BF8A06FE64" box="[362,575,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFFC4BF8A06FE64" box="[362,575,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aonidiella aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C49C89F0FD14" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C49C89F0FD14" blockId="38.[151,1436,367,645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C49C8902FD88" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD0EC49C8AC3FD88" box="[667,762,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD0EC49C8AC3FD88" box="[667,762,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on a single male.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFBB5C49C8CCDFD88" author="Timberlake" box="[1056,1268,511,536]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was unable to locate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFE85C746897AFDAD" box="[272,323,549,573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, and opined that if it was a true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD50C7478B1DFDAD" box="[709,804,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD50C7478B1DFDAD" box="[709,804,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then the host record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFBD2C7478CFDFDAC" box="[1095,1220,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBD2C7478C61FDAB" box="[1095,1112,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBFFC7468CFDFDAC" box="[1130,1220,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “undoubtedly erroneous”. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFEC6C724898CFDF0" box="[339,437,583,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is slide
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFD81C72B8A7DFDF0" box="[532,580,584,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
#1474 at the USNM, and belongs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFC7FC7248C48FDF0" box="[1002,1137,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFC7FC7248C48FDF0" box="[1002,1137,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Metaphycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which means the original host record may be correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C7D689ECFD5C" box="[151,469,692,716]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C7D689ECFD5C" blockId="38.[151,1437,692,1077]" box="[151,469,692,716]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA2437DFF02C7D689ECFD5C" box="[151,469,692,716]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C7D689ECFD5C" ID-CoL="42C3S" authority="Compere 1940a: 20" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,469,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inviscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C7D688CBFD5C" box="[151,242,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">inviscus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA2437DFF6DC7D789ECFD5C" author="Compere" box="[248,469,692,716]" page="20" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFF6DC7D78997FD5C" author="Compere" box="[248,430,692,716]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C7B4895AFD7F" box="[199,355,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C7B4895AFD7F" blockId="38.[151,1437,692,1077]" box="[199,355,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C7B48939FD60" box="[199,256,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C7B48939FD60" bold="true" box="[199,256,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC7BB895AFD7F" box="[271,355,728,751]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C79F8A62FCA7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C79F8C23FC85" blockId="38.[151,1437,692,1077]" box="[199,1050,764,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C79F8959FC85" bold="true" box="[199,352,764,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Contra Costa, Fresno, Marin, Santa Cruz, Sonoma, Tulare)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C67C8A62FCA7" blockId="38.[151,1437,692,1077]" box="[199,603,799,824]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C67C895AFCA8" bold="true" box="[199,355,799,824]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFFC6438A28FCA8" box="[362,529,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFFC6438A28FCA8" box="[362,529,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD8AC6438A14FCA7" box="[543,557,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C6278D3BFBA4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C6278D3BFBA4" blockId="38.[151,1437,692,1077]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C6278902FCCD" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA2437DFE57C6278A62FCCD" box="[450,603,836,861]" name="South Africa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species was imported into California at least twice. A specimen mentioned in the original description was reared from the Riverside Insectary in 1924—probably imported in one of the shipments of parasitoids made by E.W. Rust in the 1920s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFCE9C6EF8C0BFC35" author="Compere" box="[892,1074,908,933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Compere, H. (1940 b) Parasites of the black scale, Saissetia oleae, in Africa. Hilgardia, 13, 387 - 423." type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="b">Compere 1940b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—but there is no record of this species being released then. A second importation was made in 1979, and the species was recovered soon thereafter in the Central Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFE00C6B78A0CFC7D" author="Kennett" box="[405,565,980,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFDDFC6B78AC7FC7C" author="Bartlett" box="[586,766,980,1005]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a third importation of this species in1958, which apparently failed to establish. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFDCEC6948B9BFB80" author="Annecke" box="[603,930,1015,1040]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Annecke, D. P. & Mynhardt, M. J. (1972) The species of the insidiosus - group of Metaphycus Mercet in South Africa with notes on some extralimital species (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 85, 227 - 274." type="journal article" year="1972">Annecke & Mynhardt (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this effort involved a species that is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFED2C17E89FFFBA4" box="[327,454,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inviscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFED2C17E8967FBA4" box="[327,350,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEF9C17E89FFFBA4" box="[364,454,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">inviscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD31C17E8B1AFBA5" box="[676,803,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD31C17E8A82FBA4" box="[676,699,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD5CC17F8B1AFBA5" box="[713,803,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">bartletti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFBC0C17E8CCBFBA5" box="[1109,1266,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBC0C17E8C55FBA4" box="[1109,1132,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBEFC17F8CCBFBA5" box="[1146,1266,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C1078A85FBEC" box="[151,700,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C1078A85FBEC" blockId="38.[151,1435,1124,1328]" box="[151,700,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA2437DFF02C1078A85FBEC" box="[151,700,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C1078A85FBEC" ID-CoL="64Y3P" authority="(Timberlake 1916: 583) (Aenasioidea)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="583" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="583" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,700,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aenasioidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kermicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C107893EFBED" box="[151,263,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">kermicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA2437DFE80C1078A28FBED" author="Timberlake" box="[277,529,1124,1149]" page="583" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFE80C1078A28FBED" author="Timberlake" box="[277,529,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake 1916: 583</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDBCC1078A8AFBED" box="[553,691,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aenasioidea</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C1E48959FB30" box="[199,352,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C1E48959FB30" blockId="38.[151,1435,1124,1328]" box="[199,352,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C1E48939FB30" box="[199,256,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C1E48939FB30" bold="true" box="[199,256,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC1EB8959FB30" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1160,1184]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C1CF8AEEFB78" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C1CF8A1BFB55" blockId="38.[151,1435,1124,1328]" box="[199,546,1196,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C1CF8959FB55" bold="true" box="[199,352,1196,1221]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (Los Angeles)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C1AC8AEEFB78" blockId="38.[151,1435,1124,1328]" box="[199,727,1231,1256]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C1AC895AFB78" bold="true" box="[199,355,1231,1256]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFFC1AC8A16FB78" box="[362,559,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFFC1AC8A16FB78" box="[362,559,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Allokermes essigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFDA8C1B38AEEFB78" box="[573,727,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDA8C1B38AEEFB78" box="[573,727,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. galliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C1978B0FFAA0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C1978B0FFAA0" blockId="38.[151,1435,1124,1328]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C1978902FA9D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1268,1293]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The host record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFDB2C1978A9CFA9D" box="[551,677,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDB2C1978A9CFA9D" box="[551,677,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Allokermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD46C1968B11FA9C" box="[723,808,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD46C1968B11FA9C" box="[723,808,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFCA9C1968CCDFA9D" authority="Ehrhorn & Cockerell" authorityName="Ehrhorn & Cockerell" box="[828,1268,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFCA9C1968BDDFA9C" box="[828,996,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">nigropunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrhorn & Cockerell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFACAC19788D8FAA0" author="Essig" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Essig, E. O. (1926) Insects of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp." type="book" year="1926">Essig (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFE6CC07B8B0AFAA0" authority="Miller & Gimpel" authorityName="Miller & Gimpel" box="[505,819,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFE6CC07B8A33FABF" box="[505,522,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD8DC07A8A61FAA0" box="[536,600,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">essigi</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller & Gimpel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C03C8A6AFAE8" box="[151,595,1375,1400]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C03C8A6AFAE8" blockId="38.[151,1419,1375,1509]" box="[151,595,1375,1400]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA2437DFF02C03C8A6AFAE8" box="[151,595,1375,1400]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C03C8A6AFAE8" ID-CoL="42C4M" authority="(Howard 1898a: 242) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="242" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,595,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C03C88DAFAE8" box="[151,227,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lecanii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA2437DFF64C03C89EAFAE8" author="Howard" box="[241,467,1375,1400]" page="242" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFF64C03C89EAFAE8" author="Howard" box="[241,467,1375,1400]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 242</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFE7EC03C8A73FAE8" box="[491,586,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C0E78959FA0C" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C0E78959FA0C" blockId="38.[151,1419,1375,1509]" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C0E78939FA0D" box="[199,256,1412,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C0E78939FA0D" bold="true" box="[199,256,1412,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC0E78959FA0C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1412,1436]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C0C48DB2FA75" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C0C48DB2FA75" blockId="38.[151,1419,1375,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C0C48959FA50" bold="true" box="[199,352,1447,1472]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Alameda, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara)
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C0AF895AFA75" bold="true" box="[199,355,1484,1509]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFFC0AF8A50FA75" box="[362,617,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFFC0AF8A50FA75" box="[362,617,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Eulecanium pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDEDC0AE8AB0FA74" box="[632,649,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD50C0AF8BEFFA74" box="[709,982,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD50C0AF8BEFFA74" box="[709,982,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFC71C0AE8C5FFA74" box="[996,1126,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFC71C0AE8BCBFA74" box="[996,1010,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFC6AC0AF8C5FFA74" box="[1023,1126,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">quercifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFBE0C0AF8DB2FA75" box="[1141,1419,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBE0C0AF8DB2FA75" box="[1141,1419,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Physokermes insignicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF02C3778A46F9BC" box="[151,639,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF02C3778A46F9BC" blockId="38.[151,1436,1556,2013]" box="[151,639,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA2437DFF02C3778A46F9BC" box="[151,639,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF02C3778A46F9BC" ID-CoL="42C54" authority="(Howard 1898a: 244) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityPageNumber="244" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,639,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C3778936F9BD" box="[151,271,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA2437DFE88C37789C6F9BC" author="Howard" box="[285,511,1556,1581]" page="244" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFE88C37789C6F9BC" author="Howard" box="[285,511,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Howard, L. O. (1898 a) On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 231 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1142.231" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Howard 1898a: 244</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD82C3778A4FF9BD" box="[535,630,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C3548959F9C0" box="[199,352,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C3548959F9C0" blockId="38.[151,1436,1556,2013]" box="[199,352,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA2437DFF52C3548939F9C0" box="[199,256,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C3548939F9C0" bold="true" box="[199,256,1591,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA2437DFE9AC35B8959F9C0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1592,1616]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437DFF52C33F8B0EF970" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C33F89A9F908" blockId="38.[151,1436,1556,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C33F8959F9E5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1628,1653]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Alameda, Marin, Riverside, San Diego, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Solano, Tulare, Ventura, Yolo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437DFF52C3C78B0EF970" blockId="38.[151,1436,1556,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C3C7895AF92D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1700,1725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFEFEC3C78A57F92D" box="[363,622,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFEFEC3C78A57F92D" box="[363,622,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFDE9C3C68B76F92D" box="[636,847,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capparidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDE9C3C68B76F92D" box="[636,847,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Coccus capparidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFCC8C3C68C3BF92D" box="[861,1026,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFCC8C3C68B49F92C" box="[861,880,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFCEAC3C78C3BF92D" box="[895,1026,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFB84C3C68D21F92D" box="[1041,1304,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFB84C3C68C1DF92C" box="[1041,1060,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFBA7C3C78D21F92D" box="[1074,1304,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFAB2C3C788D1F970" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lichtensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFAB2C3C788D1F970" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lichtensia viburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFF63C3A48A3EF970" box="[246,519,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF63C3A48A3EF970" box="[246,519,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD81C3AB8AD5F94F" box="[532,748,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD81C3AB8AEAF970" box="[532,723,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">Saissetia coffeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD4BC3AB8AD5F94F" box="[734,748,1736,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">S</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD6FC3A48B0EF970" box="[762,823,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA2437CFF52C38F8BBBFE40" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA2437CFF52C38F8BBBFE40" blockId="38.[151,1436,1556,2013]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF52C38F8902F895" bold="true" box="[199,315,1772,1797]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA2437DFDCAC38F8ACAF895" box="[607,755,1772,1797]" name="South Africa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has been exported as a parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFB41C38E8D47F895" box="[1236,1406,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFB41C38E8D47F895" box="[1236,1406,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to several countries. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFE73C26C8B14F8B8" author="Guerrieri" box="[486,813,1807,1832]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri and Noyes (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovered that material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFB6CC2728DA5F8B8" box="[1273,1436,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFB6CC2728D29F8B8" box="[1273,1296,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFAB1C26C8DA5F8B8" box="[1316,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included a second species, which they described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD7EC2568B4FF8DD" box="[747,886,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD7EC2568B3BF8DC" box="[747,770,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFC87C2578B4FF8DD" box="[786,886,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noting that previous literature references to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFAE8C2568936F8E0" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFAE8C2568DADF8DC" box="[1405,1428,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFF02C2348936F8E0" box="[151,271,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be referrable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFD93C23A8AA9F8E0" box="[518,656,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD93C23A8A24F8E0" box="[518,541,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFDB9C2348AA9F8E0" box="[556,656,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One such reference includes Smith and Compere’s (1928) report of material imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA2437DFE32C21F8A34F805" box="[423,525,1916,1941]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
into California in 1916, which Noyes (in litt.) thinks was likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFB7EC21E8D4FF805" box="[1259,1398,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFB7EC21E8D3BF804" box="[1259,1282,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFA87C21F8D4FF805" box="[1298,1398,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In 1958, a species identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA2437DFE7EC2C28A57F828" box="[491,622,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inviscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFE7EC2C28A3BF828" box="[491,514,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA2437DFD81C2C28A57F828" box="[532,622,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">inviscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA2437DFCF5C2C38BCAF829" box="[864,1011,1952,1977]" name="South Africa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
into California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFB2DC2C38D59F828" author="Bartlett" box="[1208,1376,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA2437DFF02C2A789CDF84C" author="Annecke" box="[151,500,1988,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Annecke, D. P. & Mynhardt, M. J. (1972) The species of the insidiosus - group of Metaphycus Mercet in South Africa with notes on some extralimital species (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 85, 227 - 274." type="journal article" year="1972">Annecke & Mynhardt (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this material represented a new species, which they described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C5F489B9FF20" box="[151,384,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C5F489B9FF20" box="[151,384,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Metaphycus bartletti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on a comparison of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA3437CFD2BC5FB8AC5FF20" box="[702,764,152,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">types</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFC9DC5F48C16FF20" author="Guerrieri" box="[776,1071,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFB41C5FA8D6DFF20" box="[1236,1364,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFB41C5FA8CD2FF20" box="[1236,1259,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFB6FC5F48D6DFF20" box="[1274,1364,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">bartletti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C5DE890DFF45" box="[151,308,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C5DE8897FF44" box="[151,174,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF29C5DF890DFF45" box="[188,308,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This makes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFE59C5DE8A50FF45" box="[460,617,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE59C5DE89DAFF44" box="[460,483,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE64C5DF8A50FF45" box="[497,617,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents one of the most widespread and important natural enemies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C58388CAFF68" box="[151,243,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C583889CFF67" box="[151,165,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF23C5BC88CAFF68" box="[182,243,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFE37C5BC8A87FF68" author="Smith" box="[418,702,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Smith, H. S. & Compere, H. (1928) A preliminary report on the insect parasites of the black scale Saissetia oleae (Bernard). University of California Publications in Entomology, 4, 231 - 334." type="journal article" year="1928">Smith & Compere 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFD5BC5BC8B4DFF68" author="Bartlett" box="[718,884,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFC16C5838C18FF68" author="Kennett" box="[899,1057,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFBA5C5838D3DFF68" author="Daane" box="[1072,1284,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Daane, K. M., Barzman, M. S., Kennett, C. E. & Caltagirone, L. E. (1991) Parasitoids of black scale in California: establishment of Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in olive orchards. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 67, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Daane
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFB17C5828C87FF68" box="[1154,1214,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFA86C5838918FE8C" author="Lampson" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In his report on the parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD39C4668B3CFE8D" box="[684,773,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD39C4668A83FE8C" box="[684,698,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD5DC4678B3CFE8D" box="[712,773,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in central and northern California,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFB1BC4668D01FE8D" author="Kennett" box="[1166,1336,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported distinct biological differences between the taxa he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFCCEC44A8BC1FED0" box="[859,1016,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFCCEC44A8B4BFED0" box="[859,882,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC15C4448BC1FED0" box="[896,1016,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFBB8C44A8C95FED0" box="[1069,1196,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFBB8C44A8C7DFED0" box="[1069,1092,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFBC7C4448C95FED0" box="[1106,1196,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">bartletti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the latter was one of the most common species found (in both the interior valley as well as the coastal and subcoastal areas), while the former appeared to be largely limited to the more temperate coastal area. Noyes (in litt.) suspects Kennett’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFAE8C4128936FE3D" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFAE8C4128DADFE18" box="[1405,1428,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C4F78936FE3D" box="[151,271,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was really
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFE05C4F68A23FE3D" box="[400,538,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE05C4F6899EFE3C" box="[400,423,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE23C4F78A23FE3D" box="[438,538,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">anneckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD15C4F68B39FE3D" box="[640,768,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bartletti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD15C4F68AAEFE3C" box="[640,663,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD33C4F78B39FE3D" box="[678,768,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">bartletti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFCAEC4F68BEEFE3D" box="[827,983,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFCAEC4F68B6BFE3C" box="[827,850,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFCF5C4F78BEEFE3D" box="[864,983,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two specimens that appear close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFAE8C4F68936FE40" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lounsburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFAE8C4F68DADFE3C" box="[1405,1428,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C4D48936FE40" box="[151,271,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">lounsburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were taken in Contra Costa and Kern counties (RLZC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF02C49C8A40FD88" box="[151,633,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF02C49C8A40FD88" blockId="39.[151,1436,511,1040]" box="[151,633,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA3437CFF02C49C8A40FD88" box="[151,633,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C49C8A40FD88" ID-CoL="6RD7S" authority="(Timberlake 1916: 636) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="636" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="636" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,633,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C49C88C9FD88" box="[151,240,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA3437CFF6BC49C89C0FD88" author="Timberlake" box="[254,505,511,536]" page="636" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFF6BC49C89C0FD88" author="Timberlake" box="[254,505,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake 1916: 636</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD84C49C8A49FD88" box="[529,624,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C7478959FDAC" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C7478959FDAC" blockId="39.[151,1436,511,1040]" box="[199,352,548,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA3437CFF52C7478939FDAD" box="[199,256,548,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C7478939FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,256,548,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA3437CFE9AC7478959FDAC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C7248B17FD5D" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C72489B8FD15" blockId="39.[151,1436,511,1040]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C7248959FDF0" bold="true" box="[199,352,583,608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
W (Butte, Fresno, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Tulare, Ventura, Yolo, Yuba)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C7EC8B17FD5D" blockId="39.[151,1436,511,1040]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C7EC895AFD38" bold="true" box="[199,355,655,680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFEE1C7F38A63FD38" box="[372,602,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFEE1C7F38A63FD38" box="[372,602,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFDE7C7F38BBAFD38" box="[626,899,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFDE7C7F38ABCFD37" box="[626,645,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD08C7EC8BBAFD38" box="[669,899,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC0EC7EC8C8FFD38" box="[923,1206,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC0EC7EC8C8FFD38" box="[923,1206,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFB5BC7EC8DACFD38" box="[1230,1429,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFB5BC7EC8DACFD38" box="[1230,1429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pulvinaria psidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C7D789C7FD5D" box="[151,510,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C7D789C7FD5D" box="[151,510,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD9EC7D68AFEFD5C" box="[523,711,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD9EC7D68AFEFD5C" box="[523,711,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Saissetia coffeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD41C7D68B17FD5D" box="[724,814,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD41C7D68ADBFD5C" box="[724,738,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD64C7D78B17FD5D" box="[753,814,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C7B4892BFB80" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C7B4892BFB80" blockId="39.[151,1436,511,1040]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C7B48902FD60" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species may prove to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC13C7BA8DA1FD60" authority="(Howard) (Guerrieri & Noyes 2000)" authorityName="(Howard) (Guerrieri & Noyes" authorityYear="2000" box="[902,1432,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC13C7BA8BA4FD60" box="[902,925,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC38C7B48BC9FD60" box="[941,1008,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">flavus</emphasis>
|
||
(Howard) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFBE1C7B48DA9FD60" author="Guerrieri" box="[1140,1424,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These authors also note that the host record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD55C79E8B46FC84" box="[704,895,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD55C79E8B46FC84" box="[704,895,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Saissetia coffeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was incorrect, based upon an error in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFAD3C79F88DDFCA8" author="Herting" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Herting, B. (1972) Homoptera. A Catalogue of Parasites and Predators of Terrestrial Arthropods (A), 2, 1 - 210. [Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough]" type="journal article" year="1972">Herting (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFEFCC64389E3FCA8" box="[361,474,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFEFCC643894EFCA7" box="[361,375,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE1CC64389E3FCA8" box="[393,474,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">coffeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now considered the senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC59C6438CA9FCA8" box="[972,1168,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC59C6438BE3FCA7" box="[972,986,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC7EC67C8CA9FCA8" box="[1003,1168,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">hemisphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFB37C6438D67FCA8" author="Ben-Dov" box="[1186,1374,799,824]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (2006 a) ScaleNet, Coccidae. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (accessed 30 April 2015)" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">Ben-Dov 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and there are several records of that species serving as a host for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFCDDC6268BFEFCCD" box="[840,967,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFCDDC6268B66FCCC" box="[840,863,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFCFBC6278BFEFCCD" box="[878,967,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC40C6268C41FCCD" box="[981,1144,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFC40C6268C41FCCD" box="[981,1144,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Coccus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been noted as host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C60A8A60FC10" authority="Noyes & Hayat 1994: 398" authorityName="Noyes & Hayat" authorityPageNumber="398" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,601,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C60A8897FC10" box="[151,174,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF29C604892CFC10" box="[188,277,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFEB1C60B8A68FC10" author="Noyes" box="[292,593,872,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1994) Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 554 pp." type="book" year="1994">Noyes & Hayat 1994: 398</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on its use in biocontrol programs against the scale in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFA3437CFA93C6048D55FC10" box="[1286,1388,871,896]" name="Bermuda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hawaii. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFEF9C6EE89D5FC35" box="[364,492,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFEF9C6EE89BAFC34" box="[364,387,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE06C6EF89D5FC35" box="[403,492,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
failed to establish in both cases, and there is no record of it successfully attacking this host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFE87C6D38A05FC58" author="Bennett" box="[274,572,943,968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Bennett, F. D. & Hughes, I. W. (1959) Biological control of insect pests in Bermuda. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 50, 423 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300053025" type="journal article" year="1959">Bennett & Hughes 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFDDAC6CC8AC3FC58" author="Bartlett" box="[591,762,943,968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens (UCRC) have been reportedly reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C6B7894CFC7C" box="[151,373,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C6B7894CFC7C" box="[151,373,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Aonidiella aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFE29C6B78A97FC7D" box="[444,686,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Parlatoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE29C6B78A97FC7D" box="[444,686,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Parlatoria pergandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC92C6B78BBBFC7D" box="[775,898,980,1005]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFC00C6B78C26FC7D" box="[917,1055,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but these records need to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF02C15C8A92FBC8" box="[151,683,1087,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF02C15C8A92FBC8" blockId="39.[151,1437,1087,1544]" box="[151,683,1087,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA3437CFF02C15C8A92FBC8" box="[151,683,1087,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C15C8A92FBC8" ID-CoL="3BCV3" authority="(Compere 1947: 11) (Erythraphycus)" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1947" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityPageNumber="11" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[151,683,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Erythraphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C15C893DFBC8" box="[151,260,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">matteolus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA3437CFE87C12389DAFBC8" author="Compere" box="[274,483,1088,1112]" page="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1947">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFE87C12389DAFBC8" author="Compere" box="[274,483,1088,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere 1947: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE68C15C8A9BFBC8" box="[509,674,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Erythraphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C1078959FBEC" box="[199,352,1124,1149]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C1078959FBEC" blockId="39.[151,1437,1087,1544]" box="[199,352,1124,1149]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA3437CFF52C1078939FBED" box="[199,256,1124,1149]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C1078939FBED" bold="true" box="[199,256,1124,1149]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA3437CFE9AC1078959FBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1124,1148]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C1E4895DFAA0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C1E489C0FB55" blockId="39.[151,1437,1087,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C1E48959FB30" bold="true" box="[199,352,1159,1184]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Contra Costa, Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Merced, Napa, Riverside, San Bernardino, Solano, Stanislaus)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C1AC895DFAA0" blockId="39.[151,1437,1087,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C1AC895AFB78" bold="true" box="[199,355,1231,1256]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Host unknown, but this species is common in chaparral, collected off
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFBE1C1AC8DACFB78" box="[1140,1429,1231,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Adenostoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFBE1C1AC8DACFB78" box="[1140,1429,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Adenostoma fasciculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C1978AA0FA9D" box="[151,665,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Chilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="linearis" subSpecies="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C19789EFFA9C" box="[151,470,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chilopsis linearis arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
(Bignoniaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD24C1968C40FA9C" box="[689,1145,1268,1293]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFD24C1968B82FA9D" box="[689,955,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Juniperus californicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cupressaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFB59C1968959FAA0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFB59C1968DA2FA9D" box="[1228,1435,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Larrea tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
(Zygophyllaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C05F8B63F998" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C05F8B63F998" blockId="39.[151,1437,1087,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C05F8902FAC5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1340,1365]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described based on a single male specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFC61C05F8C9FFAC4" author="Compere" box="[1012,1190,1340,1364]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Compere, H. (1947) A report on a collection of Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. University of California Publications in Entomology, 8, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1947">Compere, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are a series of females (EMEC, RLZC) that match the original description exactly, except for the color of the fore- and hind tibiae. Given the propensity for sexual dimorphism in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFCA9C0E78B81FA0D" box="[828,952,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I have no hesitation in considering these females conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFE2CC0CA8A74FA50" box="[441,589,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE2CC0CA89E9FA50" box="[441,464,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFE75C0C48A74FA50" box="[480,589,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">matteolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen from Merced County (EMEC) was labeled “ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFAB7C0CA8D41FA50" box="[1314,1400,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFAB7C0CA8D41FA50" box="[1314,1400,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Desmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on wild grape”, but I think it likely this simply indicates the specimen was collected on grape (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFB0DC0AF8CC5FA75" box="[1176,1276,1484,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) infested with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF3FC09288C6F998" box="[170,255,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF3FC09288C6F998" box="[170,255,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Desmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and does not reflect an actual rearing record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF02C3548959F9E4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF02C3548959F9E4" blockId="39.[151,1061,1591,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA3437CFF02C3548959F9E4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C3548A95F9C0" ID-CoL="42C8B" authority="(Timberlake 1916: 606) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="606" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityPageNumber="606" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,684,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="physokermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C354891AF9C0" box="[151,291,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">physokermis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA3437CFEA4C3548A15F9C0" author="Timberlake" box="[305,556,1591,1616]" page="606" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFEA4C3548A15F9C0" author="Timberlake" box="[305,556,1591,1616]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1916) Revision of the parasitic Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 561 - 640. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.50 - 2136.561" type="journal article" year="1916">Timberlake 1916: 606</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFDD1C3548A9AF9C0" box="[580,675,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA3437CFF52C33F8939F9E5" box="[199,256,1628,1653]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C33F8939F9E5" bold="true" box="[199,256,1628,1653]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. USNM
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C31C8A45F92D" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C31C8A45F92D" blockId="39.[151,1061,1591,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C31C8959F908" bold="true" box="[199,352,1663,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Alameda, Contra Costa, Humboldt, Plumas, Santa Barbara)
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C3C7895AF92D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1700,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFEFFC3C78A45F92D" box="[362,636,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFEFFC3C789C0F92D" box="[362,505,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="physokermis">Physokermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFD95C3C78A45F92D" box="[512,636,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignicola">insignicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF02C38F89F5F894" box="[151,460,1772,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF02C38F89F5F894" blockId="39.[151,1436,1772,1976]" box="[151,460,1772,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFA3437CFF02C38F89F5F894" box="[151,460,1772,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFF02C38F89F5F894" ID-CoL="42C8P" authority="Compere 1943: 72" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,460,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psyllidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF02C38F88CDF895" box="[151,244,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">psyllidis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFA3437CFF6EC38F89F5F894" author="Compere" box="[251,460,1772,1796]" page="72" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFF6EC38F899CF894" author="Compere" box="[251,421,1772,1796]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Compere, H. (1943) A new species of Metaphycus parasitic on psyllids. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 19, 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1943">Compere 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 72
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C26C8959F8B8" box="[199,352,1807,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C26C8959F8B8" blockId="39.[151,1436,1772,1976]" box="[199,352,1807,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFA3437CFF52C26C8939F8B8" box="[199,256,1807,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C26C8939F8B8" bold="true" box="[199,256,1807,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFA3437CFE9AC2738959F8B8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1808,1832]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C2578A5BF8E0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C2578C18F8DC" blockId="39.[151,1436,1772,1976]" box="[199,1057,1844,1869]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C2578959F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1844,1869]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C (Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Ventura)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C2348A5BF8E0" blockId="39.[151,1436,1772,1976]" box="[199,610,1879,1904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C234895AF8E0" bold="true" box="[199,355,1879,1904]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFA3437CFEFFC23A8A5BF8E0" box="[362,610,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Bactericera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFEFFC23A8A5BF8E0" box="[362,610,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bactericera cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFA3437CFF52C21F88D9F828" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFA3437CFF52C21F88D9F828" blockId="39.[151,1436,1772,1976]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFA3437CFF52C21F8902F805" bold="true" box="[199,315,1916,1941]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is one of only three species in the genus recorded as psyllid parasitoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFA3437CFB51C21F88EDF828" author="Guerrieri" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Guerrieri, E. & Noyes, J. S. (2000) Revision of European species of genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 25, 147 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2000.00099. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Guerrieri & Noyes 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF02C5F489EBFF20" box="[151,466,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF02C5F489EBFF20" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[151,466,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFAC4373FF02C5F489EBFF20" box="[151,466,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C5F489EBFF20" ID-CoL="42C9Y" authority="Compere 1940a: 20" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,466,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C5F488D7FF20" box="[151,238,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFAC4373FF60C5FB89EBFF20" author="Compere" box="[245,466,152,176]" page="20" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FF60C5FB8992FF20" author="Compere" box="[245,427,152,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C5DF8978FF44" box="[199,321,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C5DF8978FF44" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[199,321,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFAC4373FF52C5DF8939FF45" box="[199,256,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C5DF8939FF45" bold="true" box="[199,256,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
. Lost
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C5BC8B8DFE18" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C5BC8DA5FF68" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[199,1436,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C5BC8959FF68" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FBEAC5BC8DACFF68" authority="Tulare, Ventura" authorityName="Tulare, Ventura" box="[1151,1429,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Barbara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barbara, Tulare, Ventura</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C4678B8DFE18" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C467895AFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,355,260,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEE9C4678AA1FE8D" box="[380,664,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEE9C4678AA1FE8D" box="[380,664,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ceroplastes brevicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FD2DC4668AF2FE8C" box="[696,715,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCBEC4668BD3FE8D" box="[811,1002,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCBEC4668BD3FE8D" box="[811,1002,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Coccus alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FB9FC4668CB2FE8D" box="[1034,1163,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB9FC4668C24FE8C" box="[1034,1053,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FBA9C4678CB2FE8D" box="[1084,1163,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">celatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FB39C4668D5BFE8D" box="[1196,1378,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB39C4668C86FE8C" box="[1196,1215,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB4AC4678D5BFE8D" box="[1247,1378,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FA17C4668944FED0" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomagnoliarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FA17C4668DACFE8C" box="[1410,1429,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C4448944FED0" box="[151,381,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pseudomagnoliarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FE06C44B8A3AFED0" box="[403,515,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE06C44B899FFEAF" box="[403,422,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE29C4448A3AFED0" box="[444,515,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FD8CC4448B02FED0" box="[537,827,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eucalymnatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FD8CC4448B02FED0" box="[537,827,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Eucalymnatus tessellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCC7C4448C79FED0" box="[850,1088,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lichtensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilianthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCC7C4448C79FED0" box="[850,1088,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lichtensia chilianthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FBC2C44A8D03FED0" box="[1111,1338,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FBC2C44A8D03FED0" box="[1111,1338,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FAC4C44A8D66FED0" box="[1361,1375,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C42F89F3FEF4" box="[151,458,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Protopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C42F89F3FEF4" box="[151,458,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Protopulvinaria pyriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FE49C42F8B7EFEF5" box="[476,839,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE49C42F8B7EFEF5" box="[476,839,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCCDC42F8C20FEF5" box="[856,1049,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCCDC42F8C20FEF5" box="[856,1049,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinaria psidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FBB9C42E8CD2FEF4" box="[1068,1259,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FBB9C42E8CD2FEF4" box="[1068,1259,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Saissetia coffeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FB68C42E8D4CFEF5" box="[1277,1397,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB68C42E8D32FEF4" box="[1277,1291,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FA88C42F8D4CFEF5" box="[1309,1397,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">nigrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FA12C42E88EDFE18" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FA12C42E8DACFEF4" box="[1415,1429,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C40C88EDFE18" box="[151,212,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF74C413898BFE18" box="[225,434,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somereni">Saissetia somereni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE55C41389F7FE17" box="[448,462,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.;
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FD9FC40C8A75FE18" bold="true" box="[522,588,367,392]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">NEW</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FDCEC40C8B77FE18" box="[603,846,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinarisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FDCEC40C8B77FE18" box="[603,846,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinarisca jacksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UCRC)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C4F78A3AFD5C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C4F78A3AFD5C" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C4F78902FE3D" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the name is properly ascribable to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FCF7C4F78C24FE3C" author="Compere" box="[866,1053,404,428]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the full description is found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FF02C4DB896AFE40" author="Compere" box="[151,339,439,464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 b) Parasites of the black scale, Saissetia oleae, in Africa. Hilgardia, 13, 387 - 423." type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="b">Compere 1940b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Native to Africa, this species was imported into California in
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFAC4373FBD4C4DB8CA2FE40" box="[1089,1179,439,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91998" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="1937.0">1937 in</quantity>
|
||
a biocontrol program against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF79C4BE89AAFE65" box="[236,403,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF79C4BE89AAFE65" box="[236,403,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and immediately became established (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FCDDC4BF8BC6FE64" author="Compere" box="[840,1023,476,500]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FB9CC4BF8C6AFE65" author="Compere" box="[1033,1107,476,501]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 b) Parasites of the black scale, Saissetia oleae, in Africa. Hilgardia, 13, 387 - 423." type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="b">1940b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FBC8C4BF8D38FE64" author="Bartlett" box="[1117,1281,476,501]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Bartlett, B. R. (1978 a) Coccidae. In: Clausen, C. P. (Ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. Agriculture Handbook 480. Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, pp. 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="a">Bartlett 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was recovered in southern California over 55 years later at very low levels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FC78C7638D3FFD88" author="Lampson" box="[1005,1286,512,536]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but was not found in central or northern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FDC7C7478AD6FDAD" author="Kennett" box="[594,751,548,573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Kennett, C. E. (1986) A survey of the parasitoid complex attacking black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in central and northern California (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea; Homoptera: Coccidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 363 - 369." type="journal article" year="1986">Kennett 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FD6FC7468BFAFDAC" author="Daane" box="[762,963,548,573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Daane, K. M., Barzman, M. S., Kennett, C. E. & Caltagirone, L. E. (1991) Parasitoids of black scale in California: establishment of Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in olive orchards. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 67, 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Daane
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCDDC7468BB8FDAD" box="[840,897,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FC43C7478C88FDAC" box="[982,1201,548,573]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Bernal, J. S., Luck, R. F., Morse, J. G. & Drury, M. S. (2001) Seasonal and scale size relationships between citricola scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) and its parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) on San Joaquin Valley citrus. Biological Control, 20, 210 - 221. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / bcon. 2000.0905" type="journal article">
|
||
Bernal
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FBB2C7468C66FDAD" box="[1063,1119,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species on citrus from the southern San Joaquin Valley (Fresno, Kern and Tulare counties) without specifying exactly in which county this species occurred. This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCEAC70E8C13FD15" box="[895,1066,620,645]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCEAC70E8BAFFD14" box="[895,918,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FC31C70F8C13FD15" box="[932,1066,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, separable only by differences in hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FF75C7F38A2CFD38" author="Compere" box="[224,533,655,680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. & Annecke, D. P. (1961) Descriptions of parasitic Hymenoptera and comments (Hymenopt.: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 24, 17 - 71." type="journal article" year="1961">Compere & Annecke 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A host record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FD7EC7F38C9CFD38" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" box="[747,1189,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subhemisphaericus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FD7EC7F38C25FD38" box="[747,1052,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Coccus subhemisphaericus</emphasis>
|
||
(Newstead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is doubtfully referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF21C7D689C6FD5C" authority="(Compere 1940a)" baseAuthorityName="Compere" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[180,511,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF21C7D688F2FD5C" box="[180,203,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF4CC7D78909FD5D" box="[217,304,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FEABC7D789CEFD5C" author="Compere" box="[318,503,692,716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF02C79E89CFFC84" box="[151,502,764,788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF02C79E89CFFC84" blockId="40.[151,1436,764,1005]" box="[151,502,764,788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFAC4373FF02C79E89CFFC84" box="[151,502,764,788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C79E89CFFC84" ID-CoL="6RCW2" authority="Compere 1940a: 28" authorityName="Compere" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,502,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stramineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C79E892BFC84" box="[151,274,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">stramineus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFAC4373FE8CC79F89CFFC84" author="Compere" box="[281,502,764,788]" page="28" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FE8CC79F89F6FC84" author="Compere" box="[281,463,764,788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Compere, H. (1940 a) The African species of Metaphycus, Mercet. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 31, 7 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300004764" type="journal article" year="1940" yearSuffix="a">Compere 1940a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C67C895AFCA7" box="[199,355,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C67C895AFCA7" blockId="40.[151,1436,764,1005]" box="[199,355,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFAC4373FF52C67C8939FCA8" box="[199,256,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C67C8939FCA8" bold="true" box="[199,256,799,824]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFAC4373FE9AC643895AFCA7" box="[271,355,800,823]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C6278B8AFC10" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C6278ACEFCCC" blockId="40.[151,1436,764,1005]" box="[199,759,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C6278959FCCD" bold="true" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E (Alameda, Monterey, San Mateo)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C6048B8AFC10" blockId="40.[151,1436,764,1005]" box="[199,947,871,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C604895AFC10" bold="true" box="[199,355,871,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEFFC6048A07FC10" box="[362,574,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delottoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEFFC6048A07FC10" box="[362,574,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinaria delottoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FDD9C6048B8AFC10" box="[588,947,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FDD9C6048B8AFC10" box="[588,947,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C6EF8B08FC7D" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C6EF8B08FC7D" blockId="40.[151,1436,764,1005]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C6EF8902FC35" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,933]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFAC4373FE67C6EF8ABAFC35" box="[498,643,908,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFAC4373FD5EC6EF8B5EFC35" box="[715,871,908,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03047" metricValueMax="5.03682" metricValueMin="5.02412" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="1980.5" valueMax="1983.0" valueMin="1978.0">
|
||
<date id="FFDB1032FFAC4373FD5EC6EF8B71FC34" box="[715,840,908,932]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1978" valueMax="1983">1978–1983</date>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a biocontrol program against iceplant scales, this species, along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEE7C6D28A13FC58" box="[370,554,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEE7C6D28A13FC58" box="[370,554,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Encyrtus saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FDCAC6CC8B5FFC58" box="[607,870,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funicularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FDCAC6CC8B5FFC58" box="[607,870,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Metaphycus funicularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, established immediately and are credited with the successful control of those species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FDB2C6B78B1DFC7D" author="Tassan" box="[551,804,980,1005]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Tassan, R. L. & Hagen, K. S. (1995) Iceplant scales. In: Nechols, J. R., Andres, L. A., Beardsley, J. W., Goeden, R. D. & Jackson, C. G. (Eds.), Biological Control in the western United States - accomplishments and benefits of Regional Research Project W- 84, 1964 - 1989. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication # 3361, pp. 150 - 154." type="journal article" year="1995">Tassan & Hagen 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF02C17F8A48FBA4" box="[151,625,1052,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF02C17F8A48FBA4" blockId="40.[151,1436,1052,1328]" box="[151,625,1052,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFAC4373FF02C17F8A48FBA4" box="[151,625,1052,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C17F8A48FBA4" ID-CoL="73CGX" authority="(Dozier 1936: 183) (Aenasioidea)" authorityName="Dozier" authorityPageNumber="183" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Dozier" baseAuthorityPageNumber="183" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[151,625,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimblei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C17F88C9FBA5" box="[151,240,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">trimblei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFAC4373FF6BC17F89FCFBA4" author="Dozier" box="[254,453,1052,1077]" page="183" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1936">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FF6BC17F89FCFBA4" author="Dozier" box="[254,453,1052,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Dozier, H. L. (1936) Descriptions of two new encyrtid parasites of non-diaspine scales. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 37, 183 - 185." type="journal article" year="1936">Dozier 1936: 183</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE48C17F8A5EFBA5" box="[477,615,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aenasioidea</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C15C8959FBC8" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C15C8959FBC8" blockId="40.[151,1436,1052,1328]" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFAC4373FF52C15C8939FBC8" box="[199,256,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C15C8939FBC8" bold="true" box="[199,256,1087,1112]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFAC4373FE9AC1238959FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[271,352,1088,1112]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C1078A9EFB30" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C1078A7AFBED" blockId="40.[151,1436,1052,1328]" box="[199,579,1124,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C1078959FBED" bold="true" box="[199,352,1124,1149]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N (San Bernardino)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C1E48A9EFB30" blockId="40.[151,1436,1052,1328]" box="[199,679,1159,1184]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C1E4895AFB30" bold="true" box="[199,355,1159,1184]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEFFC1E48A9EFB30" box="[362,679,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEFFC1E48A9EFB30" box="[362,679,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Parthenolecanium quercifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C1CF896EFAA0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C1CF896EFAA0" blockId="40.[151,1436,1052,1328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C1CF8902FB55" bold="true" box="[199,315,1196,1221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The only primary literature record of this species is the original description, based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFAC4373FF4EC1AC8969FB78" box="[219,336,1231,1256]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pennsylvania.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FD99C1B38A92FB78" author="Noyes" box="[524,683,1232,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2001) Interactive catalogue of world Chalcidoidea, Taxapad CD. Vancouver, Canada." type="book" year="2001">Noyes (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFAC4373FCA0C1B38B5CFB78" box="[821,869,1232,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was from California, but I suspect this was a misreading of “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727662FFAC4373FEDFC19789FAFA9D" box="[330,451,1268,1293]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. However, there is a single specimen of this species collected from San Bernardino County (UCRC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF02C03C8A77FAE8" box="[151,590,1375,1400]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF02C03C8A77FAE8" blockId="40.[151,1436,1375,1760]" box="[151,590,1375,1400]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7511DCFFAC4373FF02C03C8A77FAE8" box="[151,590,1375,1400]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C03C8A77FAE8" ID-CoL="42CBB" authority="(Mercet 1917: 138) (Aphycus)" authorityName="Mercet" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Mercet" baseAuthorityPageNumber="138" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,590,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C03C88CFFAE8" box="[151,246,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC410E3FFAC4373FE91C00389F7FAE8" author="Mercet" box="[260,462,1376,1400]" page="138" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1917">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FE91C00389F7FAE8" author="Mercet" box="[260,462,1376,1400]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Mercet, R. G. (1917) Encirtinos de Espana. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 17, 538 - 544." type="journal article" year="1917">Mercet 1917: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE72C03C8A7FFAE8" box="[487,582,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aphycus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C0E7895CFA0C" box="[199,357,1412,1437]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C0E7895CFA0C" blockId="40.[151,1436,1375,1760]" box="[199,357,1412,1437]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE8850FFAC4373FF52C0E78939FA0D" box="[199,256,1412,1437]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C0E78939FA0D" bold="true" box="[199,256,1412,1437]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED74AE37FFAC4373FE9AC0E7895CFA0C" box="[271,357,1412,1436]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">MNMS</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C0C48942F9BD" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C0C48941FA2F" blockId="40.[151,1436,1375,1760]" box="[199,376,1447,1472]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C0C48959FA50" bold="true" box="[199,352,1447,1472]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C0AF8942F9BD" blockId="40.[151,1436,1375,1760]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C0AF895AFA75" bold="true" box="[199,355,1484,1509]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Host/habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEFEC0AF8A54FA75" box="[363,621,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEFEC0AF8A54FA75" box="[363,621,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FDE9C0AE8B41FA74" box="[636,888,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Drepanococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cajani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FDE9C0AE8B41FA74" box="[636,888,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Drepanococcus cajani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FC13C0AF8C61FA74" box="[902,1112,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FC13C0AF8C61FA74" box="[902,1112,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FBF2C0AE8D36FA75" box="[1127,1295,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FBF2C0AE8D36FA75" box="[1127,1295,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. lichtensteini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FA8BC0AE8922F998" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FA8BC0AE8922F998" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lecanopsis formicarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FEB8C08C8A38F998" box="[301,513,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FEB8C08C8A38F998" box="[301,513,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Luzulaspis luzulae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FD81C08C8B10F998" box="[532,809,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FD81C08C8B10F998" box="[532,809,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCAEC0928B83F998" box="[827,954,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCAEC0928B70F998" box="[827,841,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCCEC0928B83F998" box="[859,954,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">persicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FC59C0928CBFF998" box="[972,1158,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomeranicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FC59C0928BE3F998" box="[972,986,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FC79C0928CBFF998" box="[1004,1158,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pomeranicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FB0CC0928D2BF998" box="[1177,1298,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB0CC0928C9EF998" box="[1177,1191,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB2CC08C8D2BF998" box="[1209,1298,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">rufulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FAB1C08C88FFF9BC" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FAB1C08C88FFF9BC" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pulvinaria vitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF41C3768942F9BD" box="[212,379,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF41C3768942F9BD" box="[212,379,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6579FFAC4373FF52C3548CD9F8E0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C3548C0AF970" blockId="40.[151,1436,1375,1760]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C3548902F9C0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1616]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a Palearctic species, imported into California in
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B17FFAC4373FC71C3548C07F9C0" box="[996,1086,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04444" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="1986.0">1986 in</quantity>
|
||
a biocontrol program against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C33E897BF9E5" box="[151,322,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Saissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C33E897BF9E5" box="[151,322,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Saissetia oleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species was released in northern and central California (Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Glenn, Madera & Tehama counties), recovered and considered established, although the exact localities were not specified (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B03FFAC4373FE85C3C78A01F92C" author="Lampson" box="[272,568,1700,1724]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga, 37, 373 - 390. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111" type="journal article" year="1992">Lampson & Morse 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Questionable host records for this species include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FB3DC3C78DADF92D" box="[1192,1428,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FB3DC3C78DADF92D" box="[1192,1428,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aonidiella orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FF02C3A48945F970" box="[151,380,1735,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Planchonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ericales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF02C3A48945F970" box="[151,380,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Planchonia arabidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FE1FC3AA8A20F970" box="[394,537,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Nipaecoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FE1FC3AA8A20F970" box="[394,537,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Nipaecoccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FDDBC3A48B14F970" box="[590,813,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FDDBC3A48B14F970" box="[590,813,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Phenacoccus aceris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D71FFAC4373FCF1C3AA8C15F970" box="[868,1068,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Trionymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FCF1C3AA8C15F970" box="[868,1068,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Trionymus perrisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF02C27288FCF8B8" blockId="40.[151,1436,1809,1904]" box="[151,197,1809,1832]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">spp.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36F2FFAC4373FF52C2578CD9F8E0" blockId="40.[151,1436,1809,1904]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EAE0FFAC4373FF52C2578902F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1844,1869]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to the described species listed above, I have seen specimens that appear to represent up to 31 undescribed morphospecies from the state (LACM, RLZC, SBMN, UCDC, UCFC, UCRC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |