836 lines
145 KiB
XML
836 lines
145 KiB
XML
<document id="6ACAC4E907EEB2BC0B8B2467F2D9297B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24098" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="754c56b7-edf0-4d37-a06b-2c3f653b29be" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661916" ID-ZooBank="85C4B527-6CAF-404B-87B9-B9FD5468213F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581407243554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Messing, Charles G." docDate="2020" docId="03B89821FF9AE90C7BADDEDDFC032B59" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4731.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4731 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Atopocrinus ojii Messing 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="FF81E059FF9DE91D7B3ADE44FFD22E56" masterDocTitle="A revision of the unusual feather star genus Atopocrinus with a description of a new species (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="491" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="478" updateTime="1698781676928" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E7FB176C8A0B09643B44A3F496870325">
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<mods:title id="68DA04584FB08EBD45415318F134A4BB">A revision of the unusual feather star genus Atopocrinus with a description of a new species (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9AFA645166A4D978BE137391DEAC88E2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="42F1F9A3F7A34FBFC04DDA0E62EACB2E">Messing, Charles G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="216537A415628EB88AAFE43728B283E1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A19C7B851184B9FB77F8CFA1CA35903E">
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<mods:date id="65DD4D1ECBB813E2C95D4CED80F9C7F1">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="997556B0143306CF7A621297FDFEA28B">2020-02-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F6753FA247093FC772F372E41880FA2F">4731</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9599505E2439372A06CEB10930EB8CA2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4731.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B89821FF9AE90C7BADDEDDFC032B59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162074142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B89821FF9AE90C7BADDEDDFC032B59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B89821FF9AE90C7BADDEDDFC032B59" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE0C2E81" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE232EE5" blockId="7.[151,497,153,215]" box="[151,497,153,180]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<heading id="D0E69E5BFF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE232EE5" bold="true" box="[151,497,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE232EE5" bold="true" box="[151,497,153,180]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE882EE5" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,346,153,179]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7BADDEDDFE882EE5" bold="true" box="[151,346,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF9AE91A7A5BDEDEFE232EE5" box="[353,497,153,180]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BADDEF9FE0C2E81" blockId="7.[151,497,153,215]" box="[151,478,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<tableCitation id="C6931C8CFF9AE91A7BADDEF9FF382E81" box="[151,234,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="18.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 1. Atopocrinus species. Ossicle measurements and ratios (abbreviations in text). Rudimentary cirri not included in number of sockets. Pinnular(s) with greatest LW and longest pinnulars in OMNH Iv2448 and Iv2980 often not observable due to breakage or overlap of adjacent pinnules. Hyphens indicate unobservable/unmeasurable characters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E79BFFF8FE90F7BADDEDDFAE42EAF" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" tableUuid="DF6E79BFFF8FE90F7BADDEDDFAE42EAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, figures 4–11, 12B–F
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF9AE91A7BADDF41FBAE2FA1" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BADDF41FBAE2FA1" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7BADDF41FE502F76" bold="true" box="[151,386,261,288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B79236AFF9AE91A7AB3DF42FCD52F12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572158505" collectingDate="1967-07-05" collectingDateMax="2980-04" collectingDateMin="1967-07-05" collectionCode="OMNH, R, V, T" collectorName="Okutani" country="Japan" county="Soyo" elevation="1160" latitude="34.056667" location="Miyakejima" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="140.07834" municipality="Izu Is." pageId="7" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
E of
|
||
<location id="8ECE7FECFF9AE91A7AF8DF41FD9E2F49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B89821FF9AE90C7BADDEDDFC032B59:8ECE7FECFF9AE91A7AF8DF41FD9E2F49" box="[450,588,261,287]" country="Japan" county="Soyo" latitude="34.056667" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="140.07834" municipality="Izu Is." name="Miyakejima" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Miyakejima</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAB34DFF9AE91A7962DF42FD732F76" box="[600,673,262,288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Izu Is.</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30669A7FF9AE91A7994DF42FD202F76" box="[686,754,262,288]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Japan</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A79C4DF41FC862F49" box="[766,852,261,287]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">OMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
cat. no.
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A788CDF41FBDA2F49" box="[950,1032,261,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2233-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A788CDF41FBDA2F49" box="[950,1032,261,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2233-04">Iv2233</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F2EDF41FBF42F49" box="[1044,1062,261,287]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">R</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F15DF41FB902F49" box="[1071,1090,261,287]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7F70DF42FB522F76" box="[1098,1152,262,288]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<collectingCounty id="62CF51BBFF9AE91A7F70DF42FB522F76" box="[1098,1152,262,288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Soyo</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7FAADF41FADA2F49" box="[1168,1288,261,287]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="31.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="34.53">34°31.8’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7E2FDF41FA4A2F49" box="[1301,1432,261,287]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="17.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="140.285">140°17.1’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7BADDF6DFF392F12" box="[151,235,297,324]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1160.0">
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<elevation id="003CCE04FF9AE91A7BADDF6DFF392F12" box="[151,235,297,324]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, trawl,
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<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7A06DF6DFE1F2F15" box="[316,461,297,324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1972-11-14">
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<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7A06DF6DFE1F2F15" box="[316,461,297,324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1972-11-14">14 Nov 1972</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7AECDF6EFE3A2F12" box="[470,488,298,324]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">T</collectionCode>
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.
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||
<collectorName id="26E44CE1FF9AE91A7AC8DF6DFD9D2F15" box="[498,591,297,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Okutani</collectorName>
|
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, coll. (
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<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A79ACDF6DFD2C2F12" box="[662,766,297,324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B79236AFF9AE91A782ADF6DFCA72F3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572158503" collectingDate="1967-07-05" collectingDateMax="2980-04" collectingDateMin="1967-07-05" collectionCode="OMNH, R, V, T" collectorName="Okutani" country="Japan" county="Soyo" elevation="1160" latitude="34.056667" location="Miyakejima" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="140.07834" municipality="Izu Is." pageId="7" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A782ADF6DFCB42F15" box="[784,870,297,323]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">OMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
cat. no.
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A78FADF6DFBC02F15" box="[960,1042,297,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2448-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A78FADF6DFBC02F15" box="[960,1042,297,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2448-04">Iv2448</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F26DF6DFBFC2F15" box="[1052,1070,297,323]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">R</collectionCode>
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/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F0DDF6DFB982F15" box="[1079,1098,297,323]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7F6ADF6EFB542F12" box="[1104,1158,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Soyo</emphasis>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7FA9DF6DFAD82F15" box="[1171,1290,297,323]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="03.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="34.05">34°03.0’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7E2FDF6DFA4A2F15" box="[1301,1432,297,323]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="02.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="140.03334">140°02.0’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7BADDF09FEE52F3E" box="[151,311,333,360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2225" metricValueMax="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1222.5" valueMax="1235.0" valueMin="1210.0">
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<elevation id="003CCE04FF9AE91A7BADDF09FEE52F3E" box="[151,311,333,360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2225" metricValueMax="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1222.5" valueMax="1235.0" valueMin="1210.0">1210–1235 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, trawl,
|
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<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7AAADF09FDDF2F31" box="[400,525,333,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1967-07-05">
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<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7AAADF09FDDF2F31" box="[400,525,333,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1967-07-05">5 Jul 1967</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7920DF0AFDFE2F3E" box="[538,556,334,360]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">T</collectionCode>
|
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.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E44CE1FF9AE91A7900DF09FD452F31" box="[570,663,333,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Okutani</collectorName>
|
||
, coll. (1,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A7832DF0AFCBC2F3E" box="[776,878,334,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B79236AFF9AE91A78B9DF09FD3E2FDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572158504" collectingDate="1967-07-05" collectingDateMax="2980-04" collectingDateMin="1967-07-05" collectionCode="OMNH, R, V, T" collectorName="Okutani" country="Japan" county="Soyo" elevation="1160" latitude="34.056667" location="Miyakejima" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="140.07834" municipality="Izu Is." pageId="7" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A78B9DF09FC0B2F31" box="[899,985,333,359]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">OMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
cat. no.
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7F7ADF09FB412F31" box="[1088,1171,333,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2980-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7F7ADF09FB412F31" box="[1088,1171,333,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2980-04">Iv2980</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F9ADF09FB602F31" box="[1184,1202,333,359]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F81DF09FB1C2F31" box="[1211,1230,333,359]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7FE2DF0AFADC2F3E" box="[1240,1294,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Soyo</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7E25DF09FA452F31" box="[1311,1431,333,359]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="03.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="34.056667">34°03.4’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7BADDF35FEC82FDD" box="[151,282,369,395]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="04.7" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="92" value="140.07834">140°04.7’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7A1FDF35FEA92FDA" box="[293,379,369,396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1270.0">
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<elevation id="003CCE04FF9AE91A7A1FDF35FEA92FDA" box="[293,379,369,396]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
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, trawl,
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7AF7DF35FD862FDD" box="[461,596,369,396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1969-06-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7AF7DF35FD862FDD" box="[461,596,369,396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="1969-06-29">29 Jun 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(1,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A7945DF36FD372FDA" box="[639,741,370,396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B79236AFF9AE91A79CCDF36FC212FE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572158502" collectingDate="2001-06-24" collectingDateMax="2001-06-24" collectingDateMin="2001-06-22" collectionCode="SAM, T" collectorName="Oji" country="Japan" elevation="530" latitude="35.159084" location="Chiba Prefecture" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.86555" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiba Prefecture" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
E of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D5E7D5FF9AE91A7810DF35FC3B2FDD" box="[810,1001,369,395]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Chiba Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30669A7FF9AE91A78CEDF36FBEA2FDA" box="[1012,1080,370,396]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F7BDF35FBAC2FDD" box="[1089,1150,369,395]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
cat. no. K2158,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7E0EDF35FA452FDA" box="[1332,1431,369,396]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="35.15">35°09’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A7BADDFD1FED72FE6" box="[151,261,405,432]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="140.86667">140°52’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7A2ADFD1FE5F2FE6" box="[272,397,405,432]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.295" metricValueMax="5.37" metricValueMin="5.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="529.5" valueMax="537.0" valueMin="522.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003CCE04FF9AE91A7A2ADFD1FE5F2FE6" box="[272,397,405,432]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.295" metricValueMax="5.37" metricValueMin="5.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="529.5" valueMax="537.0" valueMin="522.0">522–537 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Ext. no. C040),
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7971DFD1FD072FF9" box="[587,725,405,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2001-06-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7971DFD1FD072FF9" box="[587,725,405,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2001-06-24">24 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A79E4DFD2FD222FE6" box="[734,752,406,432]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E44CE1FF9AE91A79C0DFD1FCF32FF9" box="[762,801,405,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Oji</collectorName>
|
||
, coll. (1,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A78BFDFD2FC392FE6" box="[901,1003,406,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B79236AFF9AE91A78C1DFD1FBAE2FA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572158501" collectingDate="2001-06-22" collectingDateMax="2001-06-24" collectingDateMin="2001-06-22" collectionCode="USNM, R, V, ORI, SEM" collectorName="Oji" country="Japan" elevation="521" latitude="35.159084" location="Tokyo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.86555" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A78C1DFD1FB9E2FF9" box="[1019,1100,405,431]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
cat. no. 1548291,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7E2DDFD1FAFB2FF9" box="[1303,1321,405,431]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7E08DFD1FA972FF9" box="[1330,1349,405,431]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
Tansei- Maru, Univ.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D5E7D5FF9AE91A7A12DFFDFEA02F85" box="[296,370,441,467]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, cruise no. KT-01-8, sta. TK-1-5,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A79CEDFFDFC5A2F82" box="[756,904,441,468]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="08.795" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="1" value="35.146584">35°08.795’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE254FF0FF9AE91A78AFDFFDFBE32F82" box="[917,1073,441,468]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="51.061" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" precision="1" value="140.85101">140°51.061’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to 35°09.545’N, 140°51.933’E,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7BADDF99FECA2FAE" box="[151,280,477,504]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.205" metricValueMax="5.29" metricValueMin="5.12" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="520.5" valueMax="529.0" valueMin="512.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003CCE04FF9AE91A7BADDF99FECA2FAE" box="[151,280,477,504]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.205" metricValueMax="5.29" metricValueMin="5.12" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="520.5" valueMax="529.0" valueMin="512.0">512–529 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 3-m
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7A62DF99FE5A2FA1" box="[344,392,477,503]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2jx-p0kp" name="Ocean Research Institute" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">ORI</collectionCode>
|
||
beam trawl,
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7920DF99FD712FA1" box="[538,675,477,504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2001-06-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEBF61FFF9AE91A7920DF99FD712FA1" box="[538,675,477,504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2001-06-22">22 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(1,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A79EADF9AFCE12FAE" box="[720,819,478,504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, partly dissociated for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED00B1F2FF9AE91A7F08DF99FBA22FA1" box="[1074,1136,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF9AE91A7BFDDC45FED52D09" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDDC45FED52D09" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7BFDDC45FE932C4A" bold="true" box="[199,321,513,540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF9AE91A7A73DC46FE002C4A" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[329,466,514,540]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7A73DC46FE002C4A" box="[329,466,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Atopocrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with centrodorsal as tall as wide at base, or taller, and with small apical opening into centrodorsal cavity; HW 1.0–1.3. Cirrus sockets round or slightly oval, more deeply concave than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF9AE91A7E38DC62FAAA2C69" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[1282,1400,549,576]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7E38DC62FAAA2C69" box="[1282,1400,549,576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in three columns per radial area proximally and two columns apically in large specimens; two columns per radial area in a smaller specimen. Deep “pore” between many or all fully developed sockets of a column; “pores” sometimes large enough so that sockets appear as short cylinders ‘attached’ to each other or the adjacent interradial ridge only at intervals around their circumferences. Interradial ridge sometimes crossed by distinct suture immediately aboral to suture between basal and centrodorsal as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF9AE91A7996DC9EFCF62CA5" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[684,804,729,756]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7996DC9EFCF62CA5" box="[684,804,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and often with 1 to 4 additional faint suture-like lines. Synarthrial tubercle on IBr2 moderately to strongly developed, with proximal angle in aboral view>90°; profile of arm base rounded or with distinct angle. Alternating articular tubercles on following proximal brachials weak to moderate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF9AE9107BFDDD2DFC292B95" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDDD2DFEB02A0D" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A7BFDDD2DFD7F2DD2" bold="true" box="[199,685,873,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF9AE91A7A43DD2EFE322DD2" box="[377,480,874,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(OMNH
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF9AE91A7968DD2DFD772DD2" box="[594,677,873,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="2233-04">Iv2233</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7986DD2DFCF82DD5" box="[700,810,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A780CDD2DFC942DD2" box="[822,838,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,642,667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,612]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). Pinnules.A. P1 (first pinnule on right side of br2), oblique aboral view. B. Pc (third pinnule on right side of br9 of different arm bearing P1 on left side of br2), side view. Dotted lines indicate breakage points. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7869DD2DFCAD2DD2" box="[851,895,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,977]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Centrodorsals. A. Atopocrinus sibogae holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F. Atopocrinus ojii new species. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
).—Centrodorsal conical with straight sides. Interradial ridges along entire length of centrodorsal, stronger basally. Three of five ridges crossed by distinct suture immediately aboral to suture between basal and centrodorsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7874DDF5FC7D2D9D" box="[846,943,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D). Cirrus sockets in two lateral columns per radial area, of 6 sockets each; third, midradial column of 3 sockets (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A78F3DD91FC272DB9" box="[969,1013,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
one radial area) in basal half of each radial area; basalmost socket of several columns not fully developed; total number of functional sockets in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6931C8CFF9AE91A7E73DDBDFA4E2A45" box="[1353,1436,1017,1043]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="18.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 1. Atopocrinus species. Ossicle measurements and ratios (abbreviations in text). Rudimentary cirri not included in number of sockets. Pinnular(s) with greatest LW and longest pinnulars in OMNH Iv2448 and Iv2980 often not observable due to breakage or overlap of adjacent pinnules. Hyphens indicate unobservable/unmeasurable characters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E79BFFF8FE90F7BADDEDDFAE42EAF" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" tableUuid="DF6E79BFFF8FE90F7BADDEDDFAE42EAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
omitting one much smaller rudimentary cirrus at centrodorsal base in three radial areas; apicalmost socket in several columns obsolete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDDA21FEA82B46" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Exterior ends of basals triangular or pentagonal, not of equal sizes; three crossed by fracture or suture-like line distinct from apparent suture with centrodorsal interradial ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7843DACDFC212AF5" box="[889,1011,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Externally visible portion of radials extremely short and broadly U-shaped when specimen viewed from side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A78FFDAE9FBEE2A91" box="[965,1084,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with diverging lateral margins and straight distal margin in aboral view; lateral margins of articulation with succeeding br1 parallel to oral-aboral axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7BE9DAB1FEBF2B46" box="[211,365,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 4A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDDB5EFAF02BB1" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Arms retained to br5, br7, br10, br14, and br20. Br1 rectangular, not in contact laterally, with small lateral rounded triangular projections wider distally; distal margin straight or shallowly V-shaped. Br2 irregularly quadrate, with lateral margins diverging, one short and one long. Brr3 and 6 almost triangular. Brr4+5 and 7+8 strongly wedge-shaped, with long lateral margin on opposite side of arm from long lateral margin of preceding br. Brr9 and 10+11 slightly wedge-shaped. Brr7+8 and 10+11 with WL 1.7. Brr12 and 13 rectangular or slightly wedge-shaped, WL 2.5–2.8. Br14+15 and br16 wedge-shaped. Brr17–19 almost triangular. Brr16–19 with WL 2.0–2.2.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDDBB5FB242879" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
First three syzygies (brr4+5, 7+8 and 14+15) similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF9AE91A78AADBB6FBD7285D" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[912,1029,1521,1548]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF9AE91A78AADBB6FBD7285D" box="[912,1029,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only five narrow, widely separated radiating ridges. Succeeding syzygies (brr14+15, 20+21) with numerous fine, crowded ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE91A7BFDD87DFEB528B2" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Pinnules arise from short lateral margin of brr2–9 (no pinnule on brr4 and 7—proximal ossicles of syzygial pairs), and from longer lateral margin on succeeding brachials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7864D819FC12282E" box="[862,960,1629,1656]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,642,667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,612]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). Pinnules.A. P1 (first pinnule on right side of br2), oblique aboral view. B. Pc (third pinnule on right side of br9 of different arm bearing P1 on left side of br2), side view. Dotted lines indicate breakage points. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pinnular articulations for P1–3 and Pa–b project at an angle from lateral margin of brachials (brr2–8) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A7801D8C5FC6028CA" box="[827,946,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,642,667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,612]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). Pinnules.A. P1 (first pinnule on right side of br2), oblique aboral view. B. Pc (third pinnule on right side of br9 of different arm bearing P1 on left side of br2), side view. Dotted lines indicate breakage points. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); articulations for succeeding pinnules flush with lateral margin of brachials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF9AE91A793DD8E1FDAF2896" box="[519,637,1701,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,642,667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,612]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,617]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). Pinnules.A. P1 (first pinnule on right side of br2), oblique aboral view. B. Pc (third pinnule on right side of br9 of different arm bearing P1 on left side of br2), side view. Dotted lines indicate breakage points. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). P1 on left side of br2 on 4 arms and on right side of 1 arm. P2 absent on br5 of one arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF9AE9157BFDD8A9FF212EAD" blockId="7.[151,1437,261,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
Remaining portion of P1
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF9AE91A7ADDD8A9FDE5295E" box="[487,567,1773,1800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, of 13 pinnulars (missing tip of unknown length); pinnulars longer than wide and smooth, increasing irregularly in length from P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF9AE91A780ED967FC952967" attach="left" box="[820,839,1827,1841]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">(1)</subScript>
|
||
(LW 1.4) through proximal third of pinnule length; LW of longest proximal pinnular 2.5–3.2; following pinnulars decreasing in length; distal pinnulars with LW 2.0; distalmost 3 remaining pinnulars shorter and with weak spines. Proximal pinnulars oval in cross section, attached to visceral mass to about P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF9AE91A7AECD9CBFE3B29CB" attach="left" box="[470,489,1935,1949]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">(5)</subScript>
|
||
and lacking ambulacral furrow; following pinnulars developing ambulacral furrow, becoming more pronounced on distal pinnulars. P2 similar, but P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF9AE91A78A4D9F7FC632997" attach="left" box="[926,945,1971,1985]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">(1)</subScript>
|
||
with LW 1.0; pinnulars with greatest LW in proximal third. P3 broader basally than preceding; P3
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF9AE91A781AD993FCE129B3" attach="left" box="[800,819,2007,2021]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">(1)</subScript>
|
||
half-moon-shaped, wider than long; P3
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF9AE91A7FC6D993FADD29B3" attach="left" box="[1276,1295,2007,2021]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">(2)</subScript>
|
||
trapezoidal, narrower distally and as wide as long; middle pinnulars proportionately longest. Following pinnules all broken; second pinnular becoming wider than long; middle pinnulars weakly carinate, slightly expanded distally, with LW 1.0–1.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF95E9157BADD8FFFF142999" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" startId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF95E9157BADD8FFFF142999" blockId="8.[151,1437,1723,1999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF95E9157BADD8FFFEC02882" bold="true" box="[151,274,1723,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF95E9157A2DD8F8FE692882" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,443,1724,1748]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF95E9157A2DD8F8FE692882" box="[279,443,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF95E9157AFAD8F8FDE92882" box="[448,571,1723,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF94E9147BADDCC6FD952CB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" startId="9.[151,250,642,667]" targetBox="[155,1432,187,612]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BADDCC6FD952CB4" blockId="9.[151,1436,642,739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147BADDCC6FEC02CCD" bold="true" box="[151,274,642,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF94E9147A2DDCC7FE682CCD" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,442,643,667]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147A2DDCC7FE682CCD" box="[279,442,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF94E9147A85DCC7FDE92CCD" box="[447,571,642,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (OMNH Iv2233). Pinnules. A. P1 (first pinnule on right side of br2), oblique aboral view. B. Pc (third pinnule on right side of br9 of different arm bearing P1 on left side of br2), side view. Dotted lines indicate breakage points. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDDD48FA8F2D38" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Disk mostly hidden within arm bases; anal papilla reaching level of br13; lateral surface of tegmen visible between adjacent arm bases with numerous small, more or less rhombic plates, forming pavement to level of brr2–3 and becoming more scattered and irregular, but submerged in tegmen tissue adorally, so that shapes are difficult to observe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDDD33FB492AE5" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147BFDDD33FD242DC4" bold="true" box="[199,758,887,914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Description of large
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF94E9147A83DD3CFDF62DC4" box="[441,548,888,914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(OMNH
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF94E91479AFDD3CFD3C2DC4" box="[661,750,887,914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" value="2448-04">Iv 2448</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E914783EDD3CFC772DC4" box="[772,933,888,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Atopocrinus ojii new species. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H. Clark’s (1915) “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in A. sibogae; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Figures 6A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E914788ADD3CFC0C2DC5" box="[944,990,888,915]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,977]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Centrodorsals. A. Atopocrinus sibogae holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F. Atopocrinus ojii new species. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
).—Similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF94E9147FB8DD3CFB362DC4" box="[1154,1252,888,914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with centrodorsal as wide basally as tall, with midradial column of cirrus sockets reaching more than halfway to centrodorsal apex. One interradial ridge crossed by a distinct suture immediately aboral to suture between basal and centrodorsal (and a similar but partial suture in another ridge—both may be fractures in their respective basal ossicles). All five interradial ridges crossed by four additional faint suture-like lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E91478ACDA4CFBDC2A75" box="[918,1038,1032,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Atopocrinus ojii new species. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H. Clark’s (1915) “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in A. sibogae; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cirrus sockets as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF94E9147E37DA4CFABD2A74" box="[1293,1391,1032,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with 5–6 sockets in each lateral column and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF94E91479AADA68FD052A10" box="[656,727,1068,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 in</quantity>
|
||
midradial column, again with one basalmost lateral socket not fully developed, and with one rudimentary cirrus at base of midradial column in each radial area. Aboral corners of radials swollen against ends of basals. Arms retained to br7 (3) and br10 (2). P1 on left side of br2 on 3 arms; on right side on 2 arms. All remaining pinnules incomplete (P1 retaining at most 11 segments).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDDAFFFED1284C" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147BFDDAFFFD2C2A80" bold="true" box="[199,766,1211,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Description of small
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF94E9147A85DAF8FDF82A80" box="[447,554,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(OMNH
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF94E91479A6DAF8FD242A80" box="[668,758,1211,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" value="2980-04">Iv 2980</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E9147837DAF8FC622A81" box="[781,944,1212,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Atopocrinus ojii new species. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H. Clark’s (1915) “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in A. sibogae; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Figures 6B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E9147881DAF8FC392A80" box="[955,1003,1212,1238]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,977]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Centrodorsals. A. Atopocrinus sibogae holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F. Atopocrinus ojii new species. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">12B</figureCitation>
|
||
).—Small specimen with 2 columns of 4 cirrus sockets plus one midradial rudimentary cirrus in each radial area; basalmost socket in one column in each radial area not fully developed (4 left, 1 right when viewed with apex downward). Interradial ridges of centrodorsal crossed by 3–5 faint suture-like lines aboral to centrodorsal/basal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E91478C5DB6CFBAB2B15" box="[1023,1145,1320,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Atopocrinus ojii new species. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H. Clark’s (1915) “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in A. sibogae; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). (The basalmost of these may be equivalent to the supposed suture between A. H. Clark’s “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147E2FDB08FA412B30" box="[1301,1427,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF94E9147E2FDB08FA422B30" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[1301,1424,1356,1382]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">A. sibogae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) Centrodorsal apex with round opening. External ends of basals pentagonal. Aboral corners of radials not swollen against ends of basals. Ray ossicles proportionately more elongated than in larger specimens, but still all wider than long. Arms retained to br10 (1) and br7 (4). P1 on left side of br2 on all arms. Most pinnules incomplete; longest pinnulars proportionally longer than in larger specimens; LW to 3.6. P3 missing only distal tip, of 10 segments,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF94E9147E43DB9FFF11284D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDD867FCB02941" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF94E9147BFDD867FD582868" bold="true" box="[199,650,1571,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF94E9147A4ED860FE0D2868" box="[372,479,1572,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAM K2158)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E91479ADD860FCD12869" box="[663,771,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1211,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1185]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (SAM K2158). Two lateral views of specimen to show slight bend in centrodorsal. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661930/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Figures 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF94E9147834D860FCE52869" box="[782,823,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,977]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Centrodorsals. A. Atopocrinus sibogae holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F. Atopocrinus ojii new species. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">12F</figureCitation>
|
||
).—Centrodorsal conical, taller than wide at base; sides straight, or slightly convex in proximal half; apical third slightly bent to one side. Interradial ridges along entire length of centrodorsal, stronger basally, each crossed by 1–2 faint apparent suture lines just aboral to suture between basal and centrodorsal. Tip of apex severed, exposing small cone of tissue. Cirrus sockets in two lateral columns per radial area, chiefly of 10 sockets each, with third, midradial column of 5–6 sockets reaching more than halfway to apex in each radial area. Pores between sockets fewer and smaller than those in other specimens. No fully developed cirri retained; small immature cirrus at base of four radial areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDD964FEB229D4" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Exterior ends of basals roughly pentagonal, forming adoral extensions of centrodorsal interradial ridges. Sides of basals partly visible but disappearing into deep, low subradial clefts between centrodorsal margin and exterior surface of radials.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF94E9147BFDD9C8FC4E29B8" blockId="9.[151,1437,780,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="480">Externally visible portion of radials short, with diverging lateral margins; proximal corners slightly swollen over ends of basals; distal margin shallowly U-shaped in side view of specimen, almost straight in aboral view; distinct small “pore” between distolateral corners of adjacent radials.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF97E9177BADD966FEEA29B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="481" startId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" targetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF97E9177BADD966FEEA29B8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1826,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF97E9177BADD966FEC6296D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1826,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="481">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF97E9177A26D967FE10296C" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[284,450,1827,1850]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF97E9177A26D967FE10296C" box="[284,450,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="481">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF97E9177AF3D967FD95296D" box="[457,583,1826,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="481" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF97E9177E69D9CAFF08299D" author="Clark, A. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 406" refId="ref11499" refString="Clark, A. H. (1915) A monograph of the existing crinoids, 1 (1). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82, i-vi + 1 - 406, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.82. i" type="book chapter" year="1915">Clark’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“reduced basal” and centrodorsal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF97E917796AD9F7FD69299C" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[592,699,1970,1994]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF97E917796AD9F7FD69299C" box="[592,699,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="481">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF96E9167BADDAFFFE662AA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" startId="11.[151,250,1211,1236]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1185]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF96E9167BADDAFFFE662AA1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1211,1272]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF96E9167BADDAFFFEC12A82" bold="true" box="[151,275,1211,1236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF96E9167A20DAF8FE6D2A82" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,447,1212,1236]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF96E9167A20DAF8FE6D2A82" box="[282,447,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF96E9167AFFDAF8FD902A82" box="[453,578,1211,1236]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype (SAM K2158). Two lateral views of specimen to show slight bend in centrodorsal. Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF96E9167BFDDB62FCC4284E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1317,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Arms retained to br5 (2), br7 (2), and br10. Br1 rectangular, not in contact laterally; lateral margins straight and slightly projecting laterally in aboral view; lateral projections hemispherical in side view of arm; distal margin shallowly V-shaped. Br2 irregularly pentagonal, with lateral margins diverging; left short, right long. Synarthrial swelling between br1 and br2 well developed, midaboral, narrow. Br3 almost triangular, narrowing to right side. Br4+5 wedge-shaped, narrowest across syzygial articulation. Br6 short, wedge-shaped. Br7+8 not as strongly wedgeshaped as br4+5. Br9 almost oblong. Alternating articular swellings diminishing from brr3–4 through several following non-syzygial brachial pairs; negligible by brr8–9.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF96E9167BFDD866FB90289A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1317,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">
|
||
All remaining pinnules incomplete. P1 arising from left side of br2, longest remaining of 11 pinnulars,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF96E9167E77D866FA4F286B" box="[1357,1437,1570,1597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (missing tip); pinnulars compressed, longer than wide. LW of proximal pinnulars: P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167FB3D81CFB4E2830" attach="left" box="[1161,1180,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(1)</subScript>
|
||
1.2, P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167FC8D81CFAD72830" attach="left" box="[1266,1285,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(2)</subScript>
|
||
2.3, P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167E62D81CFAB92830" attach="left" box="[1368,1387,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(3)</subScript>
|
||
2.8, and P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167BDED838FF2528DC" attach="left" box="[228,247,1660,1674]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(4)</subScript>
|
||
2.9; following pinnulars gradually shorter and more slender, but P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E91678D1D838FC2C28DC" attach="left" box="[1003,1022,1660,1674]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(5)</subScript>
|
||
more elongated, LW 3.1. Abambulacral lateral margin of second through fourth pinnulars gently convex. P2 with pinnulars shorter and less elongated than in P1; LW of selected pinnulars: P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167966D880FDBC2884" attach="left" box="[604,622,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(1)</subScript>
|
||
1.6, P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E91679FED880FD052884" attach="left" box="[708,727,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(2)</subScript>
|
||
1.9, P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E9167817D880FCED2884" attach="left" box="[813,831,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(3)</subScript>
|
||
1.8, P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E91678AFD880FC7A2884" attach="left" box="[917,936,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(7)</subScript>
|
||
2.6, P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF96E91678C4D880FBC32884" attach="left" box="[1022,1041,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">(8)</subScript>
|
||
2.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF96E9167BFDD892FDB8296E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1317,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Sides of disk narrowly visible between proximal arms, with numerous small round calcareous plates. Oral surface of tegmen mostly mutilated. Proximal portions of each proximal pinnule connected to tegmen by thin sheet of tissue. Anal papilla with no visible plates.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF96E9117BFDD906FC402F85" blockId="11.[151,1437,1317,2029]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,153,467]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF96E9167BFDD906FB19290A" bold="true" box="[199,1227,1857,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF96E9167BFDD906FEE6290A" box="[199,308,1858,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
partly dissociated for scanning electron microscopy (USNM cat. no. 1548291)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF96E9167FE3D906FA90290A" box="[1241,1346,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Figures 8</figureCitation>
|
||
–11, 10, D, F, G, 11E). Similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF96E9167A83D922FDC929D6" box="[441,539,1894,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and large
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF96E91679AFD923FD2729D7" box="[661,757,1895,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="482" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with sockets more crowded and numerous, inter-socket “pores” smaller, and no visible apical pore (after coating for SEM) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF96E91678ADD9CEFBE029F3" box="[919,1074,1930,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Figure 8A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral surface of centrodorsal with 5-rayed, stellate, thin-walled depression surrounding central cavity; depression rays narrow, interradial, reaching exterior, broader toward outer and inner ends; outer ends of rays truncated or rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF96E9167F88D996FAFB29BA" box="[1202,1321,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="482">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). One ray floored by three layers forming shallow steps rising toward central cavity (uppermost ray in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF91E9117FA2DEDDFAD82EE5" box="[1176,1290,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each radial area of adoral centrodorsal surface with 1–2 tube-shaped rudimentary sockets not reaching exterior margin. Fully developed basalmost sockets also visible as tubes on adoral surface. Centrodorsal apex with one apparently obsolete socket in 2 radial areas. Interior of centrodorsal cavity with five broad interradial buttresses crossed by numerous regular fine ladder-like ridges and grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF91E91179B8DF6DFD2A2F15" box="[642,760,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Figure 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
); adoral opening ~0.25x basal diameter. No suture-like lines visible on interradial ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF91E9117ADCDF09FDB32F31" box="[486,609,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Figure 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). (Note: specimen not examined for this feature before dissociation for SEM.) Basals tongue-shaped, with no rosette; interior end of each basal wider, with two short, oblique, truncated projections, each abutting the projection of the neighboring basal; adoral surface convex; aboral surface flat or slightly concave, partially bordered by narrow ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF91E91179D6DFFDFC9E2F85" box="[748,844,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF91E9117BADD8D7FB0D296A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483" startId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF91E9117BADD8D7FB0D296A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1683,1852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF91E9117BADD8D7FEC028FA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1683,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF91E9117A2DD8D0FE6828FD" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,442,1684,1707]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="12" pageNumber="483" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF91E9117A2DD8D0FE6828FD" box="[279,442,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF91E9117A85D8D0FDE928FA" box="[447,571,1683,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="483" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal. A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF91E9107BFDD92EFB462FDD" blockId="12.[151,1436,1898,2033]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">
|
||
Radial articular facet deeply excavated, wider than tall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF91E9117876D92EFC7C29D2" box="[844,942,1898,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="483">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E). Aboral ligament fossa 4x wider than high, with wide, deep ligament pit. Central lumen surrounded by coarse stereom forming a tube with two low triangular “wings” extending laterally to ends of fulcral ridge. Muscle fossae parallel to oral-aboral axis, thin-walled, roughly triangular with rounded adoral and lateral corners (mostly broken), and separated medially by low narrow ridge of coarse stereom. Lateral ends of muscle fossae extending beyond ends of fulcral ridge. Weak ridge separating long narrow interarticular ligament fossae from muscle fossae, but with stereom similarly labyrinthic on both sides of ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107A05DEA5FE672EAD" box="[319,437,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muscle fossae with surface layer of fine stereom with weak concentric lines, eroded in places in examined ossicles, revealing coarser underlying stereom lacking concentric features. Interior surface of radial ossicles with two pairs of canal openings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107987DF6DFCE32F15" box="[701,817,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral surfaces with a strong knobbed ridge running outward from just adoral of the outer canal openings to just short of the lateral ends of the muscle fossae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107E6BDF09FF6A2FDD" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aboral face flat; lateral-aboral margins excavated to accommodate basals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107F35DF35FB552FDD" box="[1039,1159,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" captionTargetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[184,1404,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDFD1FC2E2C35" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
Synarthry between br1 and br2 with adambulacral portion of fulcral ridge short, less than half length of abambulacral portion. Ligament fossae roughly triangular, restricted to abambulacral half of facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107F8ADFFDFAE42F85" box="[1200,1334,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Muscle fossae on proximal brachials large, roughly triangular, separated from each other by narrow ridge of coarse stereom, and separated from interarticular ligament fossae by weak ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E91078BEDC45FBFD2C4D" box="[900,1071,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stereom of muscle fossae and interarticular ligament fossae similar. Middle brachials with distal border of spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107F07DC61FB362C69" box="[1085,1252,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pinnule articulations large, deeply excavated, with one muscle fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E910783EDC0DFC222C35" box="[772,1008,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10C, D, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDC29FE6C2D09" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
Proximal three syzygies with five widely spaced ridges; two lateral ridges L- or ˩-shaped, each with the short arm oriented toward ambulacrum; ridge surfaces consisting of fine, closely crowded and often fused, concentrically-oriented solid stereom ridges; articular area of syzygy occupying about two-thirds of ossicle facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107E6BDCF1FF1B2CA5" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Syzygies beyond 14+15 with numerous narrow ridges; several ridges very short and almost none reaching large central lumen; articular area occupying almost entire ossicle facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E91078F7DCB9FB9A2D41" box="[973,1096,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Detached mid-arm fragment of 23 wedge-shaped to almost triangular brachials, wider distally with finely spinose distal margins, WL 1.4–1.6. Intersyzygial interval 3–5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDD2DFD122D9D" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
Exterior surface of brachials crossed by irregular, extremely fine “ledges”, each with a row of fine, distallydirected recumbent spines projecting slightly beyond the ledge edge, with rows of stereom pores between generally diminishing in size toward ledge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107929DDF5FD612D9D" box="[531,691,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDD91FA442DB9" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" box="[199,1430,981,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Complete P1, 16 mm long, of 13 pinnulars, the distal 6 regenerating, short, with distal margins finely spinose.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDDBCFC292B95" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107BFDDDBCFD662A61" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
Description of pinnule articulations dissociated for scanning electron microscopy (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF90E9107FF7DDBCFAE72A45" box="[1229,1333,1016,1043]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
OMNH
|
||
<date id="FFAF0FF7FF90E9107BADDA59FF3A2A61" box="[151,232,1053,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" value="2233-04">Iv2233</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA9795FF90E9107A18DA59FE5F2A61" box="[290,397,1053,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
USNM cat. no. 1548291)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figure 11). P1
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF90E9107858DA6AFCA72A6A" attach="left" box="[866,885,1070,1084]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">(1)</subScript>
|
||
with distal articulation roughly symmetrical with paired muscle fossae deeply excavated and almost fused (Figure 11A). P2
|
||
<subScript id="17952B72FF90E91078ECDA16FC3B2A36" attach="left" box="[982,1001,1106,1120]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">(1)</subScript>
|
||
with proximal articulation asymmetrical, with lumen and adjacent shallow ligament pit strongly offset from facet center; one arm of fulcral ridge much shorter than the other; single deep muscle fossa adjacent to lumen but recessed on adambulacral surface of ossicle (Figure 11B). Long proximal pinnulars of P2 with most of facet relatively flat with large abambulacral ligament fossa; distal facet with asymmetrical fulcral ridge and single deep muscle fossa slightly offset adjacent to lumen (Figure 11C); proximal facet with roughly symmetrical fulcral ridge and paired muscle fossae deeply recessed along adambulacral margin (Figure 11D, right end). Pinnulars hollow (Figure 11E). More distal pinnulars gradually developing deep V-shaped ambulacral groove (Figure 11F, H–I); lumen offset from facet center with short fulcral ridge restricted to side of facet opposite ambulacral groove; single deep muscle fossa on same side of groove as lumen and fulcral ridge (Figure 11H, I). Distal pinnulars with numerous long recumbent spines on one side and fine diagonal ridges similar to those of brachials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E9107912DBEDFD142B95" box="[552,710,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,525,1789]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles.A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 10E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) on the other (Figure 11G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF90E9107BFDDB89FB23285D" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDDB89FB23285D" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107BFDDB89FE9D2BB1" bold="true" box="[199,335,1485,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Tatsuo Oji, Professor, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30669A7FF90E9107BC6DBB5FEED285D" box="[252,319,1521,1547]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, for his many contributions to our understanding of both living and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107F41DBB5FB3F285D" box="[1147,1261,1521,1547]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="490" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Crinoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF90E9107BFDD850FBFF2879" box="[199,1069,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDD850FBFF2879" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" box="[199,1069,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107BFDD850FEB22879" bold="true" box="[199,352,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only off eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30669A7FF90E910794DD851FD652879" box="[631,695,1557,1583]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 529 (possibly 512) to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE984D2FF90E91078EAD851FBFA2879" box="[976,1064,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B7ABCFF90E90C7BFDD87DFC032B59" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDD87DFCE12919" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107BFDD87DFEE92805" bold="true" box="[199,315,1593,1619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The differences between similarly-sized specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107899D87DFBCB2805" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[931,1049,1593,1619]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107899D87DFBCB2805" box="[931,1049,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107F75D87DFAD62805" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[1103,1284,1593,1619]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107F75D87DFAD62805" box="[1103,1284,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107E36D87DFA982805" bold="true" box="[1292,1354,1593,1619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF90E9107E36D87DFA982805" box="[1292,1354,1593,1619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appear significant and consistent enough to warrant recognition of the latter as a distinct species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107F43D819FAFE2821" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[1145,1324,1629,1655]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107F43D819FAFE2821" box="[1145,1324,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107E09D819FAA32821" bold="true" box="[1331,1393,1629,1655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF90E9107E09D819FAA32821" box="[1331,1393,1629,1655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has three rather than two columns of sockets per radial area, round rather than squarish cirrus sockets, and centrodorsal with an apical pore, and pores between cirrus sockets.
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF90E91079D4D8E1FC8B28E9" box="[750,857,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,977]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Centrodorsals. A. Atopocrinus sibogae holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F. Atopocrinus ojii new species. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
illustrates the centrodorsals of all specimens of both species, and figure 13 illustrates how cirrus number relative to centrodorsal height distinguishes the two. Whether the two species differ or not in several other characters, e.g., presence or absence of a rosette, overall shape of basals, and structure of the adoral surface of the centrodorsal and its interior buttresses, cannot be determined at present, because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107BCDD971FEBF2919" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[247,365,1845,1871]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107BCDD971FEBF2919" box="[247,365,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains known from a single specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF90E9107BFDD91DFCD629ED" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
The inter-socket pores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF90E9107ADDD91DFD4E2925" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[487,668,1881,1907]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107ADDD91DFD4E2925" box="[487,668,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF90E9107999D91DFD302925" bold="true" box="[675,738,1881,1907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF90E9107999D91DFD302925" box="[675,738,1881,1907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="484" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appear to be unique among extant crinoids. However, it could not be determined whether they communicate with the centrodorsal cavity or end blindly, possibly as pouches within the interradial buttresses inside the centrodorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF93E9137BADD93AFDE829AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661934/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" startId="14.[151,250,1918,1943]" targetBox="[184,1404,166,1904]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF93E9137BADD93AFDE829AC" blockId="14.[151,1437,1918,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF93E9137BADD93AFEC629C1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1918,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF93E9137A26D93BFE1329C1" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[284,449,1919,1943]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF93E9137A26D93BFE1329C1" box="[284,449,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="485">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF93E9137AF3D93BFD9429C1" box="[457,582,1918,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="485" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images. A–B. Basal ossicles; interior to left. A. Aboral view. B. Adoral view. C–G. Radial ossicles (adoral margins of muscle fossae in C–F chiefly broken or eroded). C–E. Distal articular facets; D. Slightly oblique view; E. Slightly oblique adoral view. F. Interior surface. G. Aboral surface. Scale bars: A, B—500 μm; C, G—1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF92E9127BFDDEDDFF0D2FA1" blockId="15.[151,1436,153,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
|
||
Four of the five specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E912792CDEDDFD882EE5" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[534,602,153,179]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E912792CDEDDFD882EE5" box="[534,602,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">A. ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have a pore in the centrodorsal apex. Gentle insertion of a fine needle in the two largest specimens met no resistance and suggests that the pore communicates with the centrodorsal cavity. A similar, although five-rayed, perforation corresponding to the central stalk canal remains at the aboral apex of the centrodorsal in feather stars following separation from the postlarval stalk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF92E9127F3EDF41FB6D2F49" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1028,1215,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref12903" refString="Mortensen, T. (1920) Studies in the development of crinoids. Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 16, i-vi + 1 - 94, 28 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11608" type="book chapter" year="1920">Mortensen 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 30) but becomes plugged by stereom shortly thereafter. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF92E91279F7DF6DFC4B2F15" author="Mortensen, T." box="[717,921,297,323]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref12864" refString="Mortensen, T. (1918) The Crinoidea of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 4 (8), 1 - 23, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1918">Mortensen (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the pore remains in a half-grown specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127A1DDF0AFD642F31" authority="Mortensen, 1917" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1917" box="[295,694,333,359]" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" genus="Notocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127A1DDF0AFE3E2F31" box="[295,492,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Notocrinus virilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF92E9127ACEDF09FD642F31" author="Mortensen, T." box="[500,694,333,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" pagination="205 - 208" refId="ref12823" refString="Mortensen, T. (1917) Notocrinus virilis n. g., n. sp., a new viviparous crinoid from the Antarctic Sea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 68, 205 - 208." type="journal article" year="1917">Mortensen, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other species, including several fossil genera, retain a five-rayed depression at the aboral pole—the so-called dorsal star—although it is unknown how long any communication with the centrodorsal cavity remains after separation from the postlarval stalk in these taxa: e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127FAEDFD1FAE02FF9" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1829" box="[1172,1330,405,431]" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" genus="Glenotremites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127FAEDFD1FAE02FF9" box="[1172,1330,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Glenotremites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127E05DFD1FF0A2F85" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1924" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" genus="Loriolometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127E05DFD1FF0A2F85" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Loriolometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127BDCDFFEFEAA2F85" authorityName="Sieverts-Doreck" authorityYear="1958" box="[230,376,442,467]" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" genus="Remesimetra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127BDCDFFEFEAA2F85" box="[230,376,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Remesimetra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127A96DFFDFD912F82" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1918" box="[428,579,441,468]" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Notocrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E912796FDFFEFB012F82" authority="Shiibata & Oji, 2007" authorityName="Shiibata & Oji" authorityYear="2007" box="[597,1235,441,468]" class="Crinoidea" family="Calometridae" genus="Kiimetra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miocenica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E912796FDFFEFCE12F85" box="[597,819,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Kiimetra miocenica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF92E9127800DFFDFBF12F85" author="Shiibata, T. F. & Oji, T." box="[826,1059,441,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" pagination="397 - 404" refId="ref13156" refString="Shiibata, T. F. & Oji, T. (2007) Kiimetra miocenica, a new genus and species of the family Calometridae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Middle Miocene of southwestern Japan. Journal of Paleontology, 81, 397 - 404, 10 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 0022 - 3360 (2007) 81 [397: KMANGA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="book chapter" year="2007">Shiibata & Oji, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Calometridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF92E9127FD8DFFDFF012FA1" author="Hess, H. & Messing, C. G." pageId="15" pageNumber="486" refId="ref11917" refString="Hess, H. & Messing, C. G. (2011) Ausich, W. I. (coordinating author) & Selden, P. (2011), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part T. Echinodermata 2 Revised. Crinoidea 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, xxix + 261 pp." type="book" year="2011">Hess & Messing 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF92E9127BADD952FD9D29B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661936/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" startId="15.[151,250,1814,1839]" targetBox="[151,1436,525,1789]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF92E9127BADD952FD9D29B5" blockId="15.[151,1437,1814,2019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127BADD952FECC2979" bold="true" box="[151,286,1814,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF92E9127A1ED953FE142979" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[292,454,1815,1839]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF92E9127A1ED953FE142979" box="[292,454,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="486">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF92E9127AF1D953FD952979" box="[459,583,1814,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="486" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291), SEM images, brachial ossicles. A. Br2 proximal facet; synarthry. B. Br4 distal facet; syzygy. C. Br5 distal facet with projecting pinnule articulation at left; muscular synarthry. D. Br6 distal facet with pinnule articulation at upper right, muscular synarthry. E. Lateral view of D; proximal articulation to lower left. F. Enlargement of lateral surface of E. G. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at upper left, distal facet; muscular synarthry. H. Middle brachial with pinnule articulation at right; ambulacral view. I. Middle brachial, proximal facet; syzygy. Scale bars: A, B, D–I—1 mm; C—500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF8DE90D7BADDDAFFDEE2A1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661938/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" startId="16.[151,250,1003,1028]" targetBox="[156,1430,186,973]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF8DE90D7BADDDAFFDEE2A1D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1003,1100]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7BADDDAFFEF32A52" bold="true" box="[151,289,1003,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Centrodorsals. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8DE90D7AD8DDA8FD672A52" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[482,693,1004,1028]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7AD8DDA8FD672A52" box="[482,693,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">Atopocrinus sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, Leiden V.ECH.C 2097. B–F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8DE90D7F75DDA8FB272A55" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[1103,1269,1004,1027]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7F75DDA8FB272A55" box="[1103,1269,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8DE90D7FC6DDA8FAA82A52" box="[1276,1402,1003,1028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. B. Paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). C. Holotype (OMNH Iv2233). D. Paratype (OMNH Iv2448). E. Paratype (USNM 1548291). F. Paratype (SAM K2158) Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E79BFFF8DE90D7BADD91AFEFF29CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3661940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661940/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" startId="16.[151,250,1886,1911]" targetBox="[161,1429,1129,1854]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF8DE90D7BADD91AFEFF29CD" blockId="16.[151,1436,1886,1947]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7BADD91AFEF02921" bold="true" box="[151,290,1886,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Number of cirrus sockets versus centrodorsal height in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8DE90D7851D91BFBED2920" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[875,1087,1886,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7851D91BFBED2920" box="[875,1087,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">Atopocrinus sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(filled triangle) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8DE90D7E23D91BFA8B2920" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[1305,1369,1887,1910]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7E23D91BFA8B2920" box="[1305,1369,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">A. ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8DE90D7E5BD91BFA4E2921" bold="true" box="[1377,1436,1887,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8DE90D7E5BD91BFA4E2921" box="[1377,1436,1887,1911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="487" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(filled circles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF8CE90C7BFDDEDDFE402F85" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1295]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
In the single dissociated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C794ADEDDFCF42EE5" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[624,806,153,179]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C794ADEDDFCF42EE5" box="[624,806,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7815DEDDFCBC2EE5" bold="true" box="[815,878,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8CE90C7815DEDDFCBC2EE5" box="[815,878,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the tongue-like basals lack a rosette.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7E1ADEDDFEE32E81" author="Messing, C. G. & White, C. M." pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="159 - 180" refId="ref12534" refString="Messing, C. G. & White, C. M. (2001) A revision of the Zenometridae (new rank) (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Comatulidina). Zoologica Scripta, 30, 159 - 180, 14 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2001.00062. x" type="book chapter" year="2001">Messing & White (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, described the zenometrid genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7983DEFAFCE02E81" box="[697,818,190,215]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Zenometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7983DEFAFCE02E81" box="[697,818,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Zenometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7856DEF9FC302E81" box="[876,994,189,215]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7856DEF9FC302E81" box="[876,994,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Sarametra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as lacking a rosette as well. However, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7BDEDEA5FE4B2EAD" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[228,409,225,251]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7BDEDEA5FE4B2EAD" box="[228,409,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7A9BDEA5FE0D2EAD" bold="true" box="[417,479,225,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8CE90C7A9BDEA5FE0D2EAD" box="[417,479,225,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the inner end of each basal in both zenometrid genera ends abruptly and bears a pair of concavities, which appear to be partial versions of two openings in confamilial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7F0EDF41FB0B2F49" box="[1076,1241,261,287]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Psathyrometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7F0EDF41FB0B2F49" box="[1076,1241,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Psathyrometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The openings in the latter are continuations of the aboral nerve canals of the overlying radials and correspond to the interradial and radial processes of the rosette of antedonids. The lack of similar structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C78CBDF0AFBB82F31" box="[1009,1130,334,359]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Zenometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C78CBDF0AFBB82F31" box="[1009,1130,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Zenometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7F98DF09FACA2F31" box="[1186,1304,333,359]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7F98DF09FACA2F31" box="[1186,1304,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Sarametra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may derive from poor preservation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7A91DF35FD6B2FDD" author="Messing, C. G. & White, C. M." box="[427,697,369,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="159 - 180" refId="ref12534" refString="Messing, C. G. & White, C. M. (2001) A revision of the Zenometridae (new rank) (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Comatulidina). Zoologica Scripta, 30, 159 - 180, 14 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2001.00062. x" type="book chapter" year="2001">Messing & White 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although a rosette as a discrete, centrally perforated, decagonal plate does not appear to exist in any of these genera, the inner ends of their basals exhibit structure not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7BADDFFDFE9E2F85" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,332,441,467]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7BADDFFDFE9E2F85" box="[151,332,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Atopocrinus ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7A69DFFDFE402F85" bold="true" box="[339,402,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8CE90C7A69DFFDFE402F85" box="[339,402,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF8CE90C7BFDDF99FC742A45" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1295]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
The centrodorsal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7A8ADF99FE242FA1" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[432,502,477,503]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7A8ADF99FE242FA1" box="[432,502,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">A. ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C793ADF99FD922FA1" bold="true" box="[512,576,477,503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8CE90C793ADF99FD922FA1" box="[512,576,477,503]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
bears a striking resemblance to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7F30DF99FB572FA1" box="[1034,1157,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Spinimetra</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7FB4DF99FF002C4D" authority="Hess & Thuy, 2017" authorityName="Hess & Thuy" authorityYear="2017" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chesnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7FB4DF99FB272FA1" box="[1166,1269,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">chesnieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7FC4DF99FF002C4D" author="Hess, H. & Thuy, B." pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref11979" refString="Hess, H. & Thuy, B. (2017) Extraordinary diversity of feather stars (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida) from a Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) rock reef of Feuguerolles (Normandy, France). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 136, 301 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 016 - 0122 - 5" type="journal article" year="2017">Hess & Thuy, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian, Tenuicostatum Zone). Both share the following features: conical centrodorsal with small apical opening and pores between cirrus sockets; aboral surface of centrodorsal with tube-shaped rudimentary sockets flanking narrow basals, and cirrus sockets with a pronounced horseshoe-shaped rim, each a blunt triangle projecting outward and downward. (Compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF8CE90C7800DC29FC7F2CD1" box="[826,941,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,489,1658]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Atopocrinus ojii new species, paratype (USNM cat. no. 1548291) SEM images, centrodorsal.A. Lateral view (composite of two images separated by horizontal white line). B. Adoral surface showing tube-like rudimentary cirrus sockets and stellate depression around centrodorsal cavity, with interradial rays. C. Portion of interradial buttress within centrodorsal cavity adjacent to adoral cavity opening (out of sight to right) showing ladderlike arrangement of grooves and ridges. D. Lateral view of basal portion of centrodorsal showing interradial ridge (center). Scale bars: A, B, D—1 mm; C—100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661932/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Figure 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
with 14A, and 8C with 14B.) The combination exists in no other crinoids, extant or fossil, although two characters occur separately elsewhere: horseshoeshaped socket rims in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7AABDCF1FDFA2C99" baseAuthorityName="Messing" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[401,552,693,719]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Atelecrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an apical pore in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7819DCF1FC6A2C99" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1918" box="[803,952,693,719]" class="Crinoidea" family="Notocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Notocrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mentioned above.
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7FA9DCF1FADC2C99" box="[1171,1294,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Spinimetra</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7BADDC9DFEF22CA5" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,288,729,755]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7BADDC9DFEF22CA5" box="[151,288,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Atopocrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking the interradial ridges on the centrodorsal, and in having basals with marginal crenulae. In addition, the centrodorsal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7AE4DCB9FDB12D41" authorityName="Hess & Thuy" authorityYear="2017" box="[478,611,765,791]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chesnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7AE4DCB9FDB12D41" box="[478,611,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">S. chesnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be constructed of multiple “nodals”; juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7EBDDCB9FF2C2D6D" authorityName="Hess & Thuy" authorityYear="2017" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chesnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7EBDDCB9FF2C2D6D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">S. chesnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggested to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7AAFDD65FDA82D6D" author="Hess, H. & Thuy, B." box="[405,634,801,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref11979" refString="Hess, H. & Thuy, B. (2017) Extraordinary diversity of feather stars (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida) from a Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) rock reef of Feuguerolles (Normandy, France). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 136, 301 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 016 - 0122 - 5" type="journal article" year="2017">Hess & Thuy (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that its centrodorsal was constructed of a stack of separate ossicles. It is tantalizing to consider the possibility that the faint suture-like lines that cross the interradial ridges in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7E2ADD01FA872D09" authority="Messing, 2020" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" box="[1296,1365,837,863]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7E2ADD01FA872D09" box="[1296,1365,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">A. ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7E67DD01FA4E2D09" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,837,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256485EFF8CE90C7E67DD01FA4E2D09" box="[1373,1436,837,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF8CE90C7BA5DD2DFED82DD5" box="[159,266,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,381,1868]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Atopocrinus sibogae, holotype (NBC V.ECH.C. 2097). A–B. Two views of centrodorsal and bases of rays. C–D. Corresponding enlarged views of proximal portion of centrodorsal, ends of basals and (at top) portions of radial ossicles. E. Br7 syzygy; distal articular facet. * indicates end of one basal (=basal ray of A.H. Clark). Arrowheads indicate apparent sutures of A.H. Clark’s (1915, p. 329) “reduced and laminar basals”. Arrowheads correspond to arrows in Figure 1A. Photo credit 2E: J. Bleeker, NBC. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661920/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF8CE90C7A2FDD2DFEF72DD5" box="[277,293,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1723,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,273,1698]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Atopocrinus ojii new species, holotype (OMNH Iv2233).A. Entire specimen. B. Enlarged view of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in A. Large upper arrowheads indicate suture between basals and centrodorsal (with exterior end of left-hand basal larger than right-hand basal); smaller arrowheads indicate faint suture-like lines. C. Enlargement of proximal portion of centrodorsal and basals in a different radial area than B; upper arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; lower arrowheads indicate apparent second suture in interradial ridge. D. Aboral view of radial with centrodorsal base and external ends of two basals. Upward-pointing arrowheads indicate centrodorsal/basal suture; downward-pointing arrowheads indicate basal/radial suture; left-pointing arrowheads indicate possible fractures within basal ossicles. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B, C—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661924/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF8CE90C7A0ADD2DFEED2DD2" box="[304,319,873,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[253,1335,166,1800]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Atopocrinus ojii new species. A, C. Large paratype (OMNH Iv2448). A. Entire specimen. C. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in A). B, D. Small paratype (OMNH Iv 2980). B. Lateral view of entire specimen. D. Enlargement of an interradial ridge (not the same as in B). Uppermost large arrowheads in C and D indicate suture between basal (*) and centrodorsal; lower large arrowheads indicate suture-like line that may be equivalent to supposed suture between A.H. Clark’s (1915) “reduced basal” and centrodorsal in A. sibogae; small arrowheads indicate additional suture-like lines. Scale bars: A—5 mm; B—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661928/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) might represent a vestige of this multi-ossicle construction (although the dissociated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7EBEDD2DFF6E2DF1" authorityName="Messing" authorityYear="2020" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ojii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7EBEDD2DFF6E2DF1" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">A. ojii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibited no suture-like lines). As the cirrus sockets in this species develop as tubes adjacent to the centrodorsal base, it is not surprising that the faint suture-like lines do not cross them. Nevertheless, the characters that the two genera have in common may be convergences rather than homologies. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C78E7DD91FBB22DB9" authorityName="Hess & Thuy" authorityYear="2017" box="[989,1120,981,1007]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chesnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C78E7DD91FBB22DB9" box="[989,1120,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">S. chesnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from centrodorsals, no further comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7917DDBDFD642A45" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[557,694,1017,1043]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7917DDBDFD642A45" box="[557,694,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Atopocrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE2937FF8CE90C7BFDDA59FC032B59" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,1295]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
||
The video attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7AE9DA59FD982A61" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[467,586,1053,1079]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" genus="Atopocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7AE9DA59FD982A61" box="[467,586,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">A. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A35B2FF8CE90C7960DA59FD692A61" box="[602,699,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,705,1559]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. In situ image attributed to Atopocrinus sibogae. Screengrabs from video taken north of Pulau Sangihe, 28 July 2010, 4°14.894’N, 125°15.879’E, depth 1,151.1–1,151.7 m. A. Entire specimen; current from right rear; arrows indicate filamentous distal arms lacking pinnules. B. Close-up of cirri. C–D. Proximal (C) and middle pinnules (D). Large arrows indicate irregularly or smoothly undulating long primary podia. Small arrows indicate straight lines of secondary podia in extended feeding orientation. Credit: NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3661922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3661922/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that the distal half of each arm lacks pinnules. Other crinoids with distal arms similarly lacking pinnules include both feather stars—Atelecrinidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7F87DA05FAB02A0D" author="Messing, C. G." box="[1213,1378,1089,1115]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref12258" refString="Messing, C. G. (2013) A revision of the genus Atelecrinus P. H. Carpenter (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Zootaxa, 3681 (1), 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3681.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Messing 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7BADDA21FE172AD6" box="[151,453,1125,1152]" class="Crinoidea" family="Zenometridae" genus="Sarametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7BADDA21FEDF2A29" box="[151,269,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Sarametra</emphasis>
|
||
(Zenometridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7AEDDA21FD122AD6" author="Messing, C. G. & Hemery, L. G. & Rouse, G. W." box="[471,704,1125,1152]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refId="ref12595" refString="Messing, C. G., Hemery, L. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2018) Surprises from the deep: new and unusual crinoids. Ocean Sciences Meeting (American Geophysical Union), Portland, Oregon, 11 - 16 February 2018, Abstract no. 306566. Available from: https: // agu. confex. com / agu / os 18 / meetingapp. cgi / Paper / 306566 (accessed 30 December 2019)" type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7978DA22FDAC2A29" box="[578,638,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—and stalked taxa:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7888DA21FAFB2AD6" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1925" box="[946,1321,1125,1152]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Porphyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7888DA21FBB02A29" box="[946,1122,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Porphyrocrinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Phrynocrinidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7E06DA21FF032AF2" author="Messing, C. G." pageId="17" pageNumber="488" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref12307" refString="Messing, C. G. (2016) Porphyrocrinus daniellalevyae n. sp. (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), a sea lily from the tropical western Atlantic with a unique crown pattern. Zootaxa, 4147 (1), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Messing 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and at least some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7A94DACDFD202AF2" authorityName="Klikushkin" authorityYear="1977" box="[430,754,1161,1188]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isselicrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metacrininae">Metacrininae (Isselicrinidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tunnicliffe
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C78B2DACEFC102AF5" box="[904,962,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015). Molecular data place two of these (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7BA5DAE9FEEA2A91" baseAuthorityName="Messing" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[159,312,1197,1223]" class="Crinoidea" family="Atelecrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Atelecrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7A49DAE9FDF12A91" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1925" box="[371,547,1197,1223]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Porphyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7A49DAE9FDF12A91" box="[371,547,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Porphyrocrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in a clade formerly treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C78ABDAE9FAB92A91" authority="(Hess & Messing 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Hess & Messing" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[913,1387,1197,1223]" class="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Bourgueticrinina">
|
||
Bourgueticrinina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8054C6FF8CE90C7F65DAE9FAB12A91" author="Hess, H. & Messing, C. G." box="[1119,1379,1197,1223]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11917" refString="Hess, H. & Messing, C. G. (2011) Ausich, W. I. (coordinating author) & Selden, P. (2011), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part T. Echinodermata 2 Revised. Crinoidea 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, xxix + 261 pp." type="book" year="2011">Hess & Messing 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but other members bear pinnules to arm tips (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1152B4FF8CE90C7996DA96FC1E2ABD" authority=", Bathycrinus" authorityName="Bathycrinus" box="[684,972,1233,1259]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965F525FF8CE90C7996DA96FC1E2ABD" box="[684,972,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Democrinus, Bathycrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It thus appears that distal arms lacking pinnules have arisen independently multiple times among extant crinoids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |