571 lines
63 KiB
XML
571 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90797" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-365" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6E92E98AD25F27AA2C0AA34110ABB9" ID-ZooBank="6CEC845A70184DF3ADE7141B15FCBE05" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-365" checkinTime="1663150453887" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salvador, Rodrigo B., Silva, Fernanda S. & Bichuette, Maria E." docDate="2022" docId="9CDC470A4764535590020CE9025304DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 365-375" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)" docPubDate="2022-09-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90797" docTitle="Idiopyrgus minor Salvador & Silva & Bichuette 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5472AFA6-F079-4FE7-B05F-801ADC23B749" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="CF6E92E98AD25F27AA2C0AA34110ABB9" lastPageNumber="365" masterDocId="CF6E92E98AD25F27AA2C0AA34110ABB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic position of the relict South American genus Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea), with the description of two new cave species" masterLastPageNumber="375" masterPageNumber="365" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1663150453887" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phylogenetic position of the relict South American genus Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea), with the description of two new cave species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-2276</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 169 Tory Street, 6011 Wellington, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">salvador.rodrigo.b@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Silva, Fernanda S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2213-0135</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Avenida Nazare 481, 04263 - 000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Bichuette, Maria E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-4832</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CP 676, 13565 - 905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-09-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>98</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>365</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>375</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90797</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90797</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-365</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CEC845A70184DF3ADE7141B15FCBE05</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CF6E92E98AD25F27AA2C0AA34110ABB9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="multiple">
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5472AFA6-F079-4FE7-B05F-801ADC23B749" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CDC470A4764535590020CE9025304DC" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/5472AFA6-F079-4FE7-B05F-801ADC23B749" authority="Salvador & Silva & Bichuette, 2022" authorityName="Salvador & Silva & Bichuette" authorityYear="2022" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus minor" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">Idiopyrgus minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="365">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Shells of the two new species of Idiopyrgus. A-H. Idiopyrgus adamanteus sp. nov.; A, B. Holotype MZSP 158237; C. Paratype LES 0027975; D. Paratype LES 0027975; E. LES 0027975 (from Gruta da Machadinha); F. LES 0027978 (from Toca de Candeias); G. LES 0027977 (from Toca de Candeias); H. LES 0027978 (from Toca de Candeias); I-K. Idiopyrgus minor sp. nov.; I, J. Holotype MZSP 158238; K. Paratype LES 0027980 (from Gruna do Engrunado). Scale bars: 1 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742929" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Fig. 2I-K</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">MZSP 158238 (holotype), LES 0027980 (2 paratypes, from Gruna do Engrunado).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Brazil, Bahia state, Feira da Mata municipality, Gruna da Pingueira II cave.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Known only from two caves in Feira da Mata municipality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
From Latin, meaning
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘little’">'little'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Smaller shell than congeners; spire not as elongated and wider than most congeners; aperture proportionately larger in relation to preceding whorl.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Shell minute, truncatelloid, of translucent white color. Protoconch not too prominent. Shell smooth except for fine growth lines. Suture deep, rendering whorls lightly shouldered in holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Shells of the two new species of Idiopyrgus. A-H. Idiopyrgus adamanteus sp. nov.; A, B. Holotype MZSP 158237; C. Paratype LES 0027975; D. Paratype LES 0027975; E. LES 0027975 (from Gruta da Machadinha); F. LES 0027978 (from Toca de Candeias); G. LES 0027977 (from Toca de Candeias); H. LES 0027978 (from Toca de Candeias); I-K. Idiopyrgus minor sp. nov.; I, J. Holotype MZSP 158238; K. Paratype LES 0027980 (from Gruna do Engrunado). Scale bars: 1 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742929" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">2I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whorl profile convex. Whorls increasing regularly in size with growth. Aperture large in proportion to body whorl; oval to circular, with a more acuminate end towards the upper lip insertion. Peristome complete; reflexed but not thickened. Shell rimate. Operculum translucent, of same color as the shell. Soft body white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Measurements.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">holotype: 5 whorls, H = 3.5 mm, D = 1.7 mm; paratype: H = 3.7 mm, D = 1.7 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="genetic data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Genetic data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">GenBank reg. nrs: COI, ON720330; 16S, ON720564; ITS2+28S, ON720562.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salvador & Silva & Bichuette" authorityYear="2022" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus minor" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by its small size. It also has a less elongated and wider spire than most of its congeners, the exceptions being
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, it can also be easily diagnosed from them:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is much smaller and has a narrower shell than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has a larger and wider aperture than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally, there is a reasonably large genetic distance separating
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. adamanteus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="adamanteus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. adamanteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO 1, 16 S, ITS 2 and 28 S, highlighting the family Tomichiidae and the position of Idiopyrgus. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), comparable to the distance between the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Truncatellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Truncatellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Stenothyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Stenothyridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
present on the tree and larger than the distances between species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pomatiopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO1, 16S, ITS2 and 28S, highlighting the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
This species is considered troglobitic, given its occurrence in a single cave of the Serra do Ramalho karst area. The specimens were collected in pools resulting from infiltration water and seem to be restricted to this habitat. Besides the translucent shell and lack of body pigmentation, the smaller body size of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can also be interpreted as a possible troglomorphism, given that miniaturization is common in cave organisms, including snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00075-X" author="Christiansen, K" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" refId="B5" refString="Christiansen, K, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00075-X" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00075-X" year="2012">Christiansen 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21033" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" refId="B28" refString="Salvador, RB, Silva, FS, Cavallari, DC, Cunha, CM, Bichuette, ME, 2022. Cave-dwelling gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Brazil: state of the art and conservation. Zoologia 39: e21033. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21033" title="Cave-dwelling gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Brazil: state of the art and conservation. Zoologia 39: e 21033." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21033" year="2022">Salvador et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">The Serra do Ramalho region has been historically exploited for agriculture, charcoal production, and mining, from small to large scales (Gallão and Bichuette 2018).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="phylogenetics and biogeography">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Phylogenetics and biogeography</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis included a total of 51 species (counting the outgroup) and all family level taxa were well-supported (posterior probability, PP = 1 in all cases except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Slavoshevskaya" authorityYear="1975" class="Gastropoda" family="Falsicingulidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Falsicingulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which PP = 0.98). As such, even though there is an unsolved polytomy in the tree (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO 1, 16 S, ITS 2 and 28 S, highlighting the family Tomichiidae and the position of Idiopyrgus. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">3</figureCitation>
|
||
; in all likelihood a result of the exclusion of northern hemisphere families not immediately related to our question), the membership of each species to a particular family can be readily and reliably assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
In that regard, it can be seen that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pomatiopsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; rather, it is grouped together with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" genus="Tomichia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomichia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Tomichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" genus="Coxiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coxiella" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Coxiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These three genera together form the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which recovers the results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.025" author="Wilke, T" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="715 - 736" refId="B42" refString="Wilke, T, Haase, M, Hershler, R, Liu, H-P, Misof, B, Ponder, W, 2013. Pushing short DNA fragments to the limit: phylogenetic relationships of 'hydrobioid' gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (3): 715 - 736, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.025" title="Pushing short DNA fragments to the limit: phylogenetic relationships of ' hydrobioid' gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.025" volume="66" year="2013">Wilke et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and fully establishes this family as a Gondwanan clade. The most basal branch in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" genus="Coxiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coxiella" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Coxiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the South African
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" genus="Tomichia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomichia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Tomichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. forming a well-supported monophyletic clade (PP = 0.97; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO 1, 16 S, ITS 2 and 28 S, highlighting the family Tomichiidae and the position of Idiopyrgus. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This represents a typical Gondwanan scenario, with the Australian branch being the most basal one. Furthermore, it can be surmised that all three genera are relicts in their respective continents, given their present low diversity and restricted distributions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilke, T" editor="Lydeard, C" journalOrPublisher="A Distribution Atlas. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="126 - 130" refId="B40" refString="Wilke, T, 2019. Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865. In: Lydeard, C, Cummings, KS, Eds., Freshwater Mollusks of the World. A Distribution Atlas. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 126 - 130" title="Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865." volumeTitle="Freshwater Mollusks of the World." year="2019">Wilke 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Nevertheless, the diversity of the Brazilian branch of this family might be underestimated. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported from several localities in Brazil, including the aphotic zones of caves (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" author="Thiengo, SC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="867 - 874" refId="B36" refString="Thiengo, SC, Santos, SB, Fernandez, MF, 2005. Malacofauna limnica da area de influencia do lago da usina hidreletrica de Serra da Mesa, Goias, Brasil. I. Estudo qualitativo. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22 (4): 867 - 874, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" title="Malacofauna limnica da area de influencia do lago da usina hidreletrica de Serra da Mesa, Goias, Brasil. I. Estudo qualitativo." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" volume="22" year="2005">Thiengo et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="135 - 141" refId="B27" refString="Salvador, RB, Cavallari, DC, Simone, LRL, 2017. Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails from caves in central Brazil, with description of a new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (1): 135 - 141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" title="Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails from caves in central Brazil, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" volume="93" year="2017">Salvador et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="395 - 399" refId="B26" refString="Salvador, RB, Simone, LRL, 2021. New records of Orthalicoidea land snail species for the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Check List 17 (2): 395 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" title="New records of Orthalicoidea land snail species for the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" volume="17" year="2021">Salvador and Simone 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Shell morphology and the apparent isolation of some populations in cave systems indicate, however, that "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" from the literature is likely a species complex (see also the discussion below). The two new species described herein from caves also point towards this conclusion. Future morphological and molecular studies might thus shed light on the real diversity of this group in Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
It is also noteworthy that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent from Zealandia, especially considering that the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Tateidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tateidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likewise a Gondwanan clade and has representatives in South America, Australia and New Zealand (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO 1, 16 S, ITS 2 and 28 S, highlighting the family Tomichiidae and the position of Idiopyrgus. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12800" author="Zielske, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="195 - 206" refId="B43" refString="Zielske, S, Ponder, WF, Haase, M, 2016. The enigmatic pattern of long-distance dispersal of minute freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) across the South Pacific. Journal of Biogeography 44 (1): 195 - 206, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12800" title="The enigmatic pattern of long-distance dispersal of minute freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae) across the South Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12800" volume="44" year="2016">Zielske et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ponder, W" editor="Lydeard, C" journalOrPublisher="A Distribution Atlas. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="134 - 138" refId="B22" refString="Ponder, W, 2019. Tateidae Thiele, 1925. In: Lydeard, C, Cummings, KS, Eds., Freshwater Mollusks of the World. A Distribution Atlas. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 134 - 138" title="Tateidae Thiele, 1925." volumeTitle="Freshwater Mollusks of the World." year="2019">Ponder 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given the more basal position of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Tateidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tateidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in relation to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it can be hypothesized that it represents an earlier branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Truncatelloidea">Truncatelloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Tomichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Tomichiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
therefore arose after Zealandia had split from Gondwana (circa 80 Ma).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="365" type="taxonomy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Taxonomy</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Based on the study of type material and further specimens available to us, it was possible to reassess those species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are presently considered synonyms (as per
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simone, LRL" journalOrPublisher="EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" refId="B30" refString="Simone, LRL, 2006. Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil. EGB/Fapesp, Sao Paulo" title="Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil." year="2006">Simone 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This assessment was done based on conchological characters of the type specimens, topotypes, and additional voucher specimens, as no additional DNA-grade material could be acquired. Therefore, we are aware that our proposed arrangement may change in the future when more material becomes available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) is here restricted to populations from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo state (Southeast Atlantic hydrographic region), which includes the type locality, and Bahia state (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco hydrographic region; specimens reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="135 - 141" refId="B27" refString="Salvador, RB, Cavallari, DC, Simone, LRL, 2017. Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails from caves in central Brazil, with description of a new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (1): 135 - 141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" title="Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails from caves in central Brazil, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10995" volume="93" year="2017">Salvador et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimens from northern Minas Gerais (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco hydrographic region; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="395 - 399" refId="B26" refString="Salvador, RB, Simone, LRL, 2021. New records of Orthalicoidea land snail species for the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Check List 17 (2): 395 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" title="New records of Orthalicoidea land snail species for the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.395" volume="17" year="2021">Salvador and Simone (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display much smaller shells, with fewer whorls and a weak axial teleoconch sculpture. As such, they might represent a still unrecognized species. Likewise, the records from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||
state assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" author="Thiengo, SC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="867 - 874" refId="B36" refString="Thiengo, SC, Santos, SB, Fernandez, MF, 2005. Malacofauna limnica da area de influencia do lago da usina hidreletrica de Serra da Mesa, Goias, Brasil. I. Estudo qualitativo. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22 (4): 867 - 874, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" title="Malacofauna limnica da area de influencia do lago da usina hidreletrica de Serra da Mesa, Goias, Brasil. I. Estudo qualitativo." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000400010" volume="22" year="2005">Thiengo et al. (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: not illustrated) stem from an area belonging to yet another hydrographic region (Tocantins-Araguaia; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and should be reassessed; they are treated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus pilsbryi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a much smaller shell than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having circa 2/3 of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="latter’s">latter's</normalizedToken>
|
||
shell length. The whorls of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are taller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it has a taller spire with more whorls.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits Rio Grande do Norte state, ca. 1,500 km north of the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a completely different climate and biome. It is geographically isolated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose northernmost occurrence is in central Bahia state (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in a different hydrographic region (Eastern Northeast Atlantic region). As such, we reinstate
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an accepted species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus walkeri" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Minas Gerais state and its type specimen could not be located in the ANSP collection during the present study. By its description and published illustrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="49 - 66" refId="B21" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1924. South American land and fresh-water mollusks: Notes and descriptions. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 76: 49 - 66" title="South American land and fresh-water mollusks: Notes and descriptions. Proceedings." volume="76" year="1924">Pilsbry 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reproduced here as Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), it has a more conical shell and wider and more convex whorls than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(being of similar size to it), alongside a shorter spire with fewer whorls. It inhabits the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco hydrographic region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), but on a different area from where
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known. In absence of type material,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here considered potentially distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is regarded as a taxon inquirendum until the types come to light or topotypes are collected. Three specimens collected from caves in Coribe municipality, southern Bahia state (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), have wider shells and could represent specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus rudolphi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudolphi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus rudolphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) is the most immediately diagnosable species, as its shell has a straighter spire profile, almost subulinid-like, with whorls only slightly convex in profile. This feature was deemed sufficient by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haas, F" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="46 - 51" refId="B12" refString="Haas, F, 1938. Neue Binnen-Mollusken aus Nordost-Brasilien. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 70 (1): 46 - 51" title="Neue Binnen-Mollusken aus Nordost-Brasilien." volume="70" year="1938">Haas (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to describe the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Hydracme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydracme" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Hydracme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to house this species. Considering the morphological variation known in the shell shape of truncatelloids, we prefer to follow the most conservative approach for now and to maintain
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1938" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Hydracme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydracme" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Hydracme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until molecular studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. rudolphi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="rudolphi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. rudolphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be conducted and its position in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="group’s">group's</normalizedToken>
|
||
phylogeny assessed.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. rudolphi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="rudolphi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. rudolphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from its type locality in Pernambuco state (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco hydrographic region), seemingly isolated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the south and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. pilsbryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="pilsbryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. pilsbryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the north (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
The type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus brasiliensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite being databased in the MZSP collection, could not be located during the present study. According to the species description and published illustrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rey, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="144 - 149" refId="B23" refString="Rey, L, 1959. Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 1 (2): 144 - 149" title="Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance." volume="1" year="1959">Rey 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reproduced here as Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of Idiopyrgus spp. A, B. I. souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911, holotype ANSP 100534; C, D. I. pilsbryi Baker, 1914, lectotype ANSP 130700; E. I. walkeri Pilsbry, 1924, reproduced from Pilsbry (1924: p. 6, fig. 9); F, G. I. rudolphi (Hass, 1938), holotype SMF 24365; H. I. brasiliensis (Rey, 1959), reproduced from Rey (1959: p. 145, fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742928" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">1H</figureCitation>
|
||
), this species is very similar in shell shape and size to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it has a taller body whorl, a more vertically positioned aperture, and a less reflected lip. It is also geographically isolated from other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on CO 1, 16 S, ITS 2 and 28 S, highlighting the family Tomichiidae and the position of Idiopyrgus. The posterior probabilities are shown on the nodes; scale bar is substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742930" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we reinstate it as an accepted species. It inhabits Mato Grosso do Sul state (Paraguay hydrographic region) and, given its occurrence in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Corumbá">Corumba</normalizedToken>
|
||
municipality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rey, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="144 - 149" refId="B23" refString="Rey, L, 1959. Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 1 (2): 144 - 149" title="Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance." volume="1" year="1959">Rey 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) close to the border, it should likely be found in Bolivia and perhaps Paraguay as well. The record from Mato Grosso state (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simone, LRL" journalOrPublisher="EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" refId="B30" refString="Simone, LRL, 2006. Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil. EGB/Fapesp, Sao Paulo" title="Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil." year="2006">Simone 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/145/133-150" author="Birckolz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B3" refString="Birckolz, CJ, Salvador, RB, Cavallari, DC, Simone, LRL, 2016. Illustrated checklist of newly described (2006-2016) land and freshwater Gastropoda from Brazil. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 145 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/145/133-150" title="Illustrated checklist of newly described (2006 - 2016) land and freshwater Gastropoda from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/145/133-150" volume="145" year="2016">Birckolz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is in all likelihood a misinterpretation of the records of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rey, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="144 - 149" refId="B23" refString="Rey, L, 1959. Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 1 (2): 144 - 149" title="Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance." volume="1" year="1959">Rey (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, since back then the state of Mato Grosso still contained the area that later became Mato Grosso do Sul state. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1979" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Aquidauania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aquidauania" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Aquidauania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was erected to house
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(erroneously described as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gredler" authorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Oncomelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncomelania" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Oncomelania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gredler, 1881, an Asian genus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rey, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" pagination="144 - 149" refId="B23" refString="Rey, L, 1959. Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 1 (2): 144 - 149" title="Molluscs of the genus Oncomelania, in Brazil, and their possible epidemiological significance." volume="1" year="1959">Rey 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is therefore a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1911" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
¸ as already indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simone, LRL" journalOrPublisher="EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" refId="B30" refString="Simone, LRL, 2006. Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil. EGB/Fapesp, Sao Paulo" title="Land and Freshwater Molluscs from Brazil." year="2006">Simone (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="365">
|
||
The two new species described herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. adamanteus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="adamanteus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. adamanteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., are from Bahia state, belonging to the Middle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco hydrographic region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salvador & Silva & Bichuette" authorityYear="2022" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Idiopyrgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiopyrgus adamanteus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="adamanteus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">Idiopyrgus adamanteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is apparently isolated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the south and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. rudolphi" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="rudolphi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. rudolphi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the north (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., however, overlaps with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and potentially with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map of Brazil showing state borders, hydrographic regions, and occurrence of Idiopyrgus spp. Black squares represent the known records of each species, while the red circles represent specimens of uncertain identification (potentially representing new species) here labeled Idiopyrgus sp.; the red square indicates the area where the specimen used in the phylogeny was collected." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.90797.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/742931" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is thus tempting to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. souleyetianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="souleyetianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. souleyetianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. walkeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as widespread species whose isolated populations in caves might have given rise to new species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="365" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="365">I. minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |