491 lines
59 KiB
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491 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96fa03d3-7bd0-4402-ba61-55e6d105eb18" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236801" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-211" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575849" ID-ZooBank="3205177028D64A108321BF82758AA0D6" ModsDocID="1860-0743-93-2-211" checkinTime="1621423651276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="George, Kai Horst" docDate="2017" docId="97CB35D309C85D559E4F49F733F56E8E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 93(2): 211-241" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2)" docPubDate="2017-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314" docTitle="Laophontodes armatus Lang 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae), including species descriptions, chorological remarks, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="211" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" updateTime="1643486009954" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae), including species descriptions, chorological remarks, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>George, Kai Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg am Meer, Abt. Deutsches Zentrum fuer Marine Biodiversitaetsforschung DZMB, Suedstrand 44, D- 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kgeorge@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-03-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>93</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>211</mods:start>
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<mods:end>241</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-211</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3205177028D64A108321BF82758AA0D6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575849</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:97CB35D309C85D559E4F49F733F56E8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/97CB35D309C85D559E4F49F733F56E8E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lang, 1936" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1936" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="start">Laophontodes</pageBreakToken>
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armatus Lang, 1936
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">The re-description is based on one female (habitus) and the fragments of the type series, in order to destroy as few complete individuals as possible, and because of the compact detritus coverage on most complete specimens. Types SMNH 2158(a) (female) and SMNH 2158(b) (female) were dissected and distributed over 7 and 4 slides, respectively. Both urosomes of Type SMNH 2158(c) (females) were put on 1 slide, 1 urosome in ventral view, the other one in dorsal view.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">In addition, the female and the male of the Magellan material were included to complete the re-description (additional female habitus, male habitus, mouthparts, sexual dimorphic parts of male).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Re-description of female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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Habitus (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7A</figureCitation>
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) cylindrical and slender, tapering, no clear distinction between pro- and urosoma. Body length (from rostral tip to end of FR) about 770µm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">6A</figureCitation>
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) (Magellan female (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7A</figureCitation>
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) about 730µm). Cphth laterally running out into two triangular processes, each carrying a sensillum at its tip. Cphth dorsally with several sensilla and with sclerotized ridge that is densely covered with fine hair-like elements and splits into 2 backwardly directed processes posteriorly. R protruding, fused to cphth, triangular, subapically with pair of sensilla. All body somites except telson dorsally with paired cuticular processes (labelled as DP [Dorsal Processes] I-IX in Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">6</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7</figureCitation>
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). DP VII and/or DP VIII-IX basally with long tube-pores and small cuticular projections. DP I-VIII with sensilla at their tips. Comparison of different females revealed a variability regarding shape, ornamentation, size and number of those projections (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">6A-C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7B, B</figureCitation>
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'), as well as with respect to the number of apical sensilla (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7B</figureCitation>
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). Posterior margins of body somites generally naked but P2-P6-bearing somites apically with sensilla. Telson square, slightly broader than long; dorsally with anal operculum apically with fine spinules. FR (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7A, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) A 1; (B) A 2; (C) mxp; (D) FR, dorsal view; (E) genital field. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">8D</figureCitation>
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) approximately 3.5x longer than broad, equipped with seven setae: I and II of almost same length, standing close together subapically on the outer margin; III, IV, V, and VI arising apically, II and VI of same length, V being the longest seta; VII tri-articulate, arising subapically on dorsal side.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989129" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A</emphasis>
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) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B</emphasis>
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) urosome of second female; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A, B</emphasis>
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) 100µm; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
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) 50µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989131" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lang, 1936) comb. n., (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A</emphasis>
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) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B, B</emphasis>
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') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
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) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A, C</emphasis>
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) 100µm; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B, B</emphasis>
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') 50µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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A1 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) A 1; (B) A 2; (C) mxp; (D) FR, dorsal view; (E) genital field. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">8A</figureCitation>
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) 4-segmented, aes on third segment. First to third segments of almost same length; first segment with 1 bipinnate seta, remaining antennular setae naked; second segment with long spinules on bump along outer margin, 2 of its setae arising from projection surrounded by small spinules at its base; third segment slightly protruded apically, with 2 setae accompanying aes; fourth segment carrying a second, small aes. Setal formula: 1/1; 2/7; 3/6 + aes; 4/10 + aes.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989133" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A</emphasis>
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) A1; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B</emphasis>
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) A2; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
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) mxp; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">D</emphasis>
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) FR, dorsal view; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
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) genital field. Scale bar: 50µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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A2 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) A 1; (B) A 2; (C) mxp; (D) FR, dorsal view; (E) genital field. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">8B</figureCitation>
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) with allobasis carrying 1 abexopodal seta on distal third. Exp absent. Enp with subapical row of spinules, and with 2 unipinnate and 1 bare seta distally on inner margin; apically with 6 setae, three of which geniculate, outermost seta very small.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Md, mxl, and mx described from male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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Mxp (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) A 1; (B) A 2; (C) mxp; (D) FR, dorsal view; (E) genital field. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">8C</figureCitation>
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) with syncoxa lacking a terminal seta, but with rounded row of spinules; basis with 2 rows of spinules; enp turned into claw as long as basis and accompanied by small seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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P1 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">9A</figureCitation>
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) with longitudinally prolonged coxa and basis, the latter carrying 1 outer bipinnate and 1 inner bare seta, the latter being displaced on anterior surface. Exp 3-segmented, slightly surpassing half of length of enp-1. Exp-1 with 1 outer bipinnate spine; exp-2 with 1 outer bare geniculate seta; exp-3 smallest, bearing 4 bare geniculate setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989135" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lang, 1936) comb. n., (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A, B</emphasis>
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) female from the type series; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A</emphasis>
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) P1; (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B</emphasis>
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) P5; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
|
||
) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P5. Scale bar: 50µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
P2-P4 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">10A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">12A-C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) intercoxal sclerites (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">12F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) very slender, bow-like; bases transversely elongate bearing 1 tube pore anteriorly, and with 1 outer seta. Exps 3-segmented, exp-1 and exp-2 with 1 outer bipinnate spine; exp-3 with 3 outer bipinnate spines; apically with 1 spine and 1 plumose seta; P3 exp-3 additionally with 1 tube pore apically. P2 without enp (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">12A-C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), former insertion still detectable (triangular arrows in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">12A-C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); P3 and P4 carrying 2-egmented enps, enp-1 very small, without armature, enp-2 with few spinules and carrying 2 apical setae, the inner one of which being shorter than the outer one. Setal formula of P2-P4 is given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Laophontodes armatus Lang, 1936, setation of P 2 - P 4. Roman numerals indicate outer spines." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/06BDE426533FC224931297EE5CB0AFED" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" tableUuid="06BDE426533FC224931297EE5CB0AFED">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="06BDE426533FC224931297EE5CB0AFED" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/06BDE426533FC224931297EE5CB0AFED" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1936" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Laophontodes armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lang, 1936, setation of P2-P4. Roman numerals indicate outer spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Exp-1</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Exp-2</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Exp-3</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Enp-1</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Enp-2</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">Enp-3</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">P2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">III-I1-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">P3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">III-I1-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0-2-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">P3 male</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">III-I1-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">apophysis</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0-2-0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">P4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">I-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">III-I1-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">0-2-0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
P5 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with outer seta arising from long spinulose setophore; benp completely reduced, represented by 2 setae, one of which of fishbone pattern, the other seta bare. Additionally with 3 tube pores. Exp fused with baseoendopodal part, long and slender, laterally with 2 bare setae; subapically with 2 bipinnate setae and 1 tube pore; apically with 1 long bipinnate seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989105" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lang, 1936) comb. n., (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
) female from the type series; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">A</emphasis>
|
||
) P2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">B</emphasis>
|
||
) P3; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">C</emphasis>
|
||
) P4 endopod; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">D</emphasis>
|
||
) P3 endopod; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">D</emphasis>
|
||
') P3 apophysis of counterpart; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
) P4 endopod. Scale bar: 50µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
P6/GF (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) A 1; (B) A 2; (C) mxp; (D) FR, dorsal view; (E) genital field. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127953" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). P6 small, forming bilobate sclerotized structure in front of gonopore, each leg carrying 1 small bipinnate seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Redescription of male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">The male differs from the female in the following features: body size, shape of A1, shape of P3 and P4 endopods, ornamentation of P5, complete loss of P6.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Habitus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) slender, slightly smaller than female with a body length of about 560µm. Ornamentation of cphth and body somites very similar to that in female, with slight variation regarding DP I-DP IX.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
A1 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) 5-segmented, chirocer, aes at fourth and fifth segment. First segment apically with 1 bipinnate seta at anterior margin, accompanied by several long spinules; second segment as long as first, with 7 bare setae; third
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="215" start="start">segment</pageBreakToken>
|
||
small, with 7 bare setae; fourth segment swollen, almost circular in shape, with 6 bare setae, and with strong, tooth-like spine at anterior margin; in addition with pedestal carrying at least 1 bare seta and aes (broken in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); fifth segment as small as third, tapering distally and bearing 8 bare setae, two of which arising subapically together with small aes forming a trithek. Setal formula: 1/1; 2/7; 3/7; 4/7(-8-9?) + aes; 5/8 + aes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989107" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">A</emphasis>
|
||
) A1, setation of segments 3-5 shown separately; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">B</emphasis>
|
||
) md; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">C</emphasis>
|
||
) mxl; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">D</emphasis>
|
||
) mx. Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">A</emphasis>
|
||
) 50µm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
) 20µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Md (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
) gnathobase broken in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
, only 1 massive tooth and basal part of seta discernible; palp 1-segmented, equipped with 6 setae, two of which biplumose, the others bare; lateral seta (broken in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
) arising from small protrusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Mxl (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
) praecoxal arthrite bearing 6 apical spines and 1 bare seta; additionally with 2 bare surfaces setae and 2 rows of spinules laterally; coxa with 2 bare setae apically; basis carrying 4 setae (2 broken in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Mx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (A) A 1, setation of segments 3 - 5 shown separately; (B) md; (C) mxl; (D) mx. Scale bars: (A) 50 µm; (B-D) 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127956" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
) syncoxa with 3 rows of spinules and with 2 slender endites, carrying each 1 uniplumose and 2 bare apical setae. Basis elongate, produced into strong claw accompanied by 1 bare seta anteriorly and posteriorly at its base. Enp small, with 2 bare setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
P3 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
) exopod resembling that of female. Endopod 3-segmented, first segment very small and unarmed; enp-2 long and slender, with row of long spinules at inner margin, and apically produced into outwardly curved apophysis; enp-3 not reaching length of apophysis, bearing 2 apical biplumose setae, the innermost half as long as the outer one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
P4 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
) exopod resembling that of female. Endopod 2-segmented, first segment very small and unarmed; enp-2 slender, not reaching length of exp-1, with row of long spinules at inner margin. At distal half with 1 bare inner seta, additionally with 2 biplumose apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
P5 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with outer seta arising from long spinulose setophore; benp completely reduced and being represented by 1 seta of fishbone pattern. Additionally with 2 tube pores. Exp fused with baseoendopodal part, long and slender, laterally with 1 bare seta; subapically with 1 bare seta and 1 tube pore; apically with 2 setae, the innermost fishbone-like, the outermost biplumose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="215" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1936" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Laophontodes armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causes remarkable confusion. Comparison of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1936)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description (material from the Falklands) with that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(material from Argentina) reveals some considerable differences; for instance, in the dorsal body processes (DP) of the Argentinian specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the DP I seems to consist of 2 separated pairs of processes, an anterior pair antrorse and a posterior pair backward (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. XXXIII/1). In contrast, the DP I in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1936
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 566" refId="B51" refString="Lang, K, 1965. Copepoda Harpacticoida from the Californian pacific coast. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 10: 1 - 566" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida from the Californian pacific coast. Kungl." volume="10" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Falkland descriptions corresponds to that documented in the present contribution (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., female from the type series. (A) habitus, dorsal view, dorsal processes labelled DP I-DP IX; (B) urosome of second female; (C) dorsal processes DP V-DP IX, detail, of third female. Arrow points to cuticular overlap of sensillum-bearing tip. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 µm; (C) 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127951" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">7A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), showing 1 pair of backwardly-directed processes and a median antrorse sclerotized ridge carrying hair-like setules which splits into 2 sclerotized clips. Furthermore, in the Argentinian specimens the dorsal processes of the remaining body somites are very small and set widely apart, while in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falklands’">Falklands'</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens they have the characteristic, typical shape. A third discrepancy is found in the female P5: the endopod bears 1 seta according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but 2 setae according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">Lang (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Two setae are also recorded here in the re-description (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A, B) female from the type series; (A) P 1; (B) P 5; (C) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou), P 5. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127954" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, due to the unavailability of the Argentinian material it has not been possible to re-examinate it and confirm these discrepancies. However, the Chilean material is almost identical to that of the Falklands (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A) female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas), habitus dorsal; (B, B ') dorsal Processes DP VIII and DP IX of A.; (C) male from the Magellan Material (Punta Yartou), habitus dorsal. Scale bars: (A, C) 100 µm; (B, B ') 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127952" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">7</figureCitation>
|
||
), therefore supporting the assumption that the Chilean and the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falklands’">Falklands'</normalizedToken>
|
||
material represent the same species. The examination of new records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" genus="L." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">L. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Argentina is pending.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
A further discrepancy concerns the descriptions of both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">Lang (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when compared to the present re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" genus="L." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">L. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">Lang (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the endopod of the second swimming leg bearing 2 segments with 2 apical setae. However, in the present re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" genus="L." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">L. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the author noted that the P2 lacks an endopod (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">12A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
). This re-description is based on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
|
||
own Falkland material and four different females were examined revealing a consistent lack of a P2 enp (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) female from the type series; (A) P 2, triangular arrow indicates insertion of the ancestral endopod; (B) P 3; (C) P 4 endopod; (D, E) male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (D) P 3 endopod; (D ') P 3 apophysis of counterpart; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127955" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">12A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989109" doi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lang" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Loricifera" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Paralaophontodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralaophontodes armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Paralaophontodes armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lang, 1936) comb. n., (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
) P2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">D</emphasis>
|
||
) P2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">E</emphasis>
|
||
) P2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">F</emphasis>
|
||
) intercoxal sclerite of A; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">G</emphasis>
|
||
) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
The remaining swimming legs, P3 and P4, of the Falkland females do present endopods. Both the single male and the female specimens from the new Chilean material also lack a P2 endopod (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Paralaophontodes armatus (Lang, 1936) comb. n., (A-C) P 2 (bases) of different females of the type series; (D) P 2 of male from the Magellan material (Punta Yartou); (E) P 2 of female from the Magellan material (Punta Arenas); triangular arrows pointing to insertion of the ancestral endopod; (F) intercoxal sclerite of A; (G) intercoxal sclerite of C. Scale bar: 50 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.11314.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/127957" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">12D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, although damage only to the P2 might be plausible for one specimen, it is less so for all individuals, suggesting that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 68" refId="B49" refString="Lang, K, 1936. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903 3: 3 - 68" title="Copepoda Harpacticoida" volume="3" year="1936">Lang (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erred, probably by confusing another swimming leg for the P2. The loss of a P2 endopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Copepoda" genus="L." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. armatus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">L. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a derived state. Regarding the description of the P2 provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pallares, RE" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B65" refString="Pallares, RE, 1968a. Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica. Contribuciones Cientificas CIBIMA 27: 1 - 125" title="Copepodos marinos de la Ria Deseado (Sta. Cruz, Argentina). Contribution sistematica-ecologica." volume="27" year="1968 a">Pallares (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the apparent presence of a P2 endopod in the Argentinian specimens might represent another discrepancy between the two original records, but this needs to be confirmed with new material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |