277 lines
29 KiB
XML
277 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="8679D40E802915280B530D85E0DC1F4B" ID-CLB-Dataset="26920" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4599.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea727a9b-324b-4c6b-a625-bc7cdd204473" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2668058" ID-ZooBank="7CDD24FF-5BA3-4D06-898D-A3E220515D4C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1557127209543" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Longino, John T." docDate="2019" docId="5B56E872FF974A53FF328FA0FAAEEB26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4599.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4599 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pheidole balatro Longino 2019, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="22" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="A76F900AFF804A4BFFA58B6FFFF4EF5B" masterDocTitle="Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Middle American Wet Forest" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698726215157" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="755AD28BBCC3FF3AE66CD7DCE0BE8208" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B8CCFDCEF274E8B1DC0DF43D8D94FA13">
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<mods:title id="36CAB416F2DFB5EAFAF2F12547079BC5">Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Middle American Wet Forest</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4B22A26BF2A1A78FB86D5D37BA4D4421" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="75AD2EB6F3A214674436BF634533A030">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0AA753DD2EE6F0A4516FBD455ADB1F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A27BB5F4FA33583AB70FAA2AAA55DD11">Longino, John T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6AA8243F8FC596327F6B97D5C46F28E0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7BA2C940F3CFBDE176949D5712620ABA">
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<mods:title id="1A5F996D24058B8684FECBE5E3AA150F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F47A4864894A9E478CFC0859D32EE2C0">
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<mods:date id="58CBA0A16E077C5F5F23FD1FFB5A4C5C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3F009105C7F0977C5A8974E4F4E281E4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="522BA4743A6CE8B64AA8BBF76D65C334">2019-05-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6AF22200CC72CE1FC47EC4CFA164E344" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C6786C729BFAE099B8BFF2C32D72C62B">4599</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="027672602688DCE8201E0C338BA971F0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CA2B4226738F67307DFAFB9F5BD37A70">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2B061F718A97644F74F8B57A45C788F7" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="BB41CA362470E0C6D052CEADDEE8805C">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="17CB013373E5012B33EC0E157CDA46AC">126</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="C232AC6D37A644461C6A897F48C58DC0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="127486340468735DF7E6ACD937BF0C3F" type="CLB-Dataset">26920</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C3E18BA7DB76F94CE6FDE0A6C63B78F9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4599.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F7CF7CCAF24FD77254762F7759B428C" type="GBIF-Dataset">ea727a9b-324b-4c6b-a625-bc7cdd204473</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E97D0E9F6BEC8BAC2F854C5D142D6DC4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="82E787C17A2046737D07A8A6C9433D32" type="Zenodo-Dep">2668058</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2356FAA171789D8809190160B83744D9" type="ZooBank">7CDD24FF-5BA3-4D06-898D-A3E220515D4C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5B56E872FF974A53FF328FA0FAAEEB26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5586171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157062589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5586171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B56E872FF974A53FF328FA0FAAEEB26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B56E872FF974A53FF328FA0FAAEEB26" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF974A5CFF328FA0FEF1EA50" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF328FA0FE01EBB1" blockId="23.[151,501,1231,1291]" box="[151,501,1231,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="8808EE08FF974A5CFF328FA0FE01EBB1" bold="true" box="[151,501,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFF328FA0FE01EBB1" bold="true" box="[151,501,1231,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF974A5CFF328FA0FEAAEBB2" authority="Longino, 2019" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,350,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFF328FA0FEAAEBB2" bold="true" box="[151,350,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pheidole balatro</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FAB8380DFF974A5CFEC08FBFFE01EBB1" box="[357,501,1232,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF328F9DFEF1EA50" blockId="23.[151,501,1231,1291]" box="[151,261,1266,1291]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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(
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<figureCitation id="4BC445E1FF974A5CFF3B8F9DFF08EA50" box="[158,252,1266,1291]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,238,1954,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[202,1384,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="PLATE 12." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2668253/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Plate 12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF974A5CFF328E55FC6FEA08" box="[151,923,1338,1363]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF328E55FC6FEA08" blockId="23.[151,1437,1338,1975]" box="[151,923,1338,1363]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF974A5CFF328E55FF0FEA08" authorityName="Biolleyi Forel" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,251,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFF328E55FF0FEA08" box="[151,251,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pheidole</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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JTL-158: morphospecies code previously used on AntWeb.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF974A5CFF628E30FCC4E970" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF628E30FC6AE95C" blockId="23.[151,1437,1338,1975]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<materialsCitation id="63975339FF974A5CFF628E30FE10EAE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237851456" collectingDate="2002-02-02" collectingDateMax="2010-05-11" collectingDateMin="2002-02-02" collectionCode="CAS" country="Honduras" elevation="0" location="Catacamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Olancho" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FF974A5CFF628E30FEABEA2C" box="[199,351,1375,1399]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: 1 major worker,
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF974A5CFD8D8E31FD6CEA2C" box="[552,664,1374,1399]" name="Honduras" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="113B9786FF974A5CFD008E31FCFCEA2C" box="[677,776,1374,1399]" country="Honduras" name="Olancho" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Olancho</collectingRegion>
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:
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<quantity id="1407F481FF974A5CFCB18E31FCB1EA2C" box="[788,837,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="9.0">9km</quantity>
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N
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<location id="D6200FBFFF974A5CFCCF8E30FC12EA2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B56E872FF974A53FF328FA0FAAEEB26:D6200FBFFF974A5CFCCF8E30FC12EA2C" box="[874,998,1375,1399]" country="Honduras" name="Catacamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Olancho">Catacamas</location>
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, 14.93492 -85.90708, ±
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<elevation id="58D2BE57FF974A5CFB508E31FA63EA2D" box="[1269,1431,1374,1399]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<quantity id="1407F481FF974A5CFB508E31FAC6EA2D" box="[1269,1330,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="1407F481FF974A5CFA9A8E31FA63EA2D" box="[1343,1431,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<date id="A7417FA4FF974A5CFF328EECFEC8EAC0" box="[151,316,1411,1435]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-05-11">
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<collectingDate id="B705864CFF974A5CFF328EECFEC8EAC0" box="[151,316,1411,1435]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-05-11">11 May 2010</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, mixed hardwood forest, at bait (Project LLAMA Ba-C-
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<date id="A7417FA4FF974A5CFC548EEDFB99EAC0" box="[1009,1133,1410,1435]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2002-02-02" valueMax="2002-05-02" valueMin="2002-02-02">
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<collectingDate id="B705864CFF974A5CFC548EEDFB99EAC0" box="[1009,1133,1410,1435]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2002-02-02" valueMax="2002-05-02" valueMin="2002-02-02">02-2-02-05</collectingDate>
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</date>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFB2F8EECFB31EAC0" box="[1162,1221,1411,1435]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
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, unique specimen identifier CASENT0635416]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FF974A5CFE578EC8FD65EAE4" box="[498,657,1447,1471]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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: major, minor workers:
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<materialsCitation id="63975339FF974A5CFC0F8EC8FAA0EAE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237851565" box="[938,1364,1446,1471]" collectingDate="2002-02-02" collectingDateMax="2010-05-11" collectingDateMin="2002-02-02" collectionCode="CAS, JTLC" country="Honduras" elevation="0" location="Catacamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Olancho" typeStatus="paratype">
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same data as holotype [
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFB188EC8FB0CEAE4" box="[1213,1272,1447,1471]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFAA28EC8FAB9EAE4" box="[1287,1357,1447,1471]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">JTLC</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="63975339FF974A5CFAC78EC8FC6FE95C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237851435" collectingDate="2001-02-01" collectingDateMax="2010-05-10" collectingDateMin="2001-02-01" collectionCode="DZUP, JTLC, MCZC, USNM" country="Honduras" elevation="0" location="Catacamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Olancho" typeStatus="paratype">
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same data except 14.93627 -85.90477, ±
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<elevation id="58D2BE57FF974A5CFD828EA5FD3AEAB9" box="[551,718,1482,1507]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<quantity id="1407F481FF974A5CFD828EA5FD92EAB9" box="[551,614,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="1407F481FF974A5CFDD18EA4FD3AEAB9" box="[628,718,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="B705864CFF974A5CFD788EA4FC8FEAB8" box="[733,891,1483,1507]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-05-10">
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<date id="A7417FA4FF974A5CFD788EA4FC8FEAB8" box="[733,891,1483,1507]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-05-10">10 May 2010</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, second growth mixed hardwood forest, at bait (Project LLAMA Ba-C-
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<date id="A7417FA4FF974A5CFE0E8E80FDD1E95C" box="[427,549,1519,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-02-03" valueMax="2001-02-01" valueMin="2001-02-03">
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<collectingDate id="B705864CFF974A5CFE0E8E80FDD1E95C" box="[427,549,1519,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-02-03" valueMax="2001-02-01" valueMin="2001-02-03">02-3-01-01</collectingDate>
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</date>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFD9F8E80FD72E95D" box="[570,646,1519,1542]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFD348E80FD20E95C" box="[657,724,1519,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">JTLC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFD7A8E80FCC5E95C" box="[735,817,1519,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MCZC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="B5EEC1A1FF974A5CFC998E80FC67E95C" box="[828,915,1519,1543]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF628D7DFCC4E970" blockId="23.[151,1437,1338,1975]" box="[199,816,1554,1579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFF628D7DFE51E970" bold="true" box="[199,421,1554,1579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Geographic range.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF974A5CFE098D7DFDDCE970" box="[428,552,1554,1579]" name="Guatemala" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF974A5CFD918D7DFD50E970" box="[564,676,1554,1579]" name="Honduras" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF974A5CFD0B8D7CFCD8E970" box="[686,812,1554,1579]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF974A5CFF628D59FB6FE8EC" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF974A5CFF628D59FB6FE8EC" blockId="23.[151,1437,1338,1975]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFF628D59FE63E914" bold="true" box="[199,407,1590,1615]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Diagnosis.
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFEEB8D59FE63E914" bold="true" box="[334,407,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Minor</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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: face smooth and shiny; posterior margin of head mostly rounded with small medial emargination in face view; promesonotal groove absent; dorsal and lateral pronotum smooth and shiny; mesonotum and dorsal propodeum faintly foveolate; katepisternum mostly smooth and shiny, with strip of foveolation posteriorly; propodeal spines spiniform, about one third length of posterior face of propodeum; gaster smooth and shining; erect setae on mesosomal dorsum and gaster; tibiae without erect setae; bicolored, with sharply contrasting black head and gaster, light orange mesosoma.
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF974A5CFC318D85FC2FE858" bold="true" box="[916,987,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Major</emphasis>
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: head somewhat heart-shaped, cordate, with strong posterior emargination; inner hypostomal teeth stout, closely spaced; scape base terete; face mostly foveolate overlain with rugulae, these longitudinal anteriorly, becoming reticulate posteriorly, sculpture fainter on vertex lobes; propodeal spines somewhat posteriorly directed, about one third length of posterior face of propodeum; gastral dorsum smooth and shining; sides of head with abundant short erect setae; abundant short erect setae on mesosomal dorsum and gaster; tibiae without erect setae; color as in minor worker.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF984A53FF628BF8FEA2EE3F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628BF8FD7EEF8E" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628BF8FDD9EFEB" bold="true" box="[199,557,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Measurements, minor worker</emphasis>
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: HW 0.44, HL 0.46, SL 0.49, EL 0.11, WL 0.59, PSL 0.06, PTW 0.09, PPW 0.12, CI 95, SI 113, PSLI 13, PPI 122 (n=6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628BB0FD78EE46" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628BB0FDD9EFA3" bold="true" box="[199,557,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Measurements, major worker</emphasis>
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|
: HW 0.81, HL 0.79, SL 0.52, EL 0.12, WL 0.72, PSL 0.08, PTW 0.13, PPW 0.18, CI 103, SI 64, PSLI 10, PPI 136 (n=5).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628A48FEA2EE3F" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628A48FE38EE1B" bold="true" box="[199,460,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Measurements, queen</emphasis>
|
|
: HW 0.81, HL 0.70, SL 0.57, EL 0.24, WL 1.19, PSL 0.08, PTW 0.23, PPW 0.33, CI 115, SI 71 (n=1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF984A53FF628A00FF0DED43" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628A00FF0DED43" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628A00FED3EED3" bold="true" box="[199,295,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Biology.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE958A00FE1BEED3" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[304,495,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE958A00FE1BEED3" box="[304,495,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
inhabits mature and second growth mesophyll cloud forests, variably mixed with pine, oak, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE9C8AFBFE3EEEF6" box="[313,458,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Altingiaceae" genus="Liquidambar" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE9C8AFBFE3EEEF6" box="[313,458,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Liquidambar</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from
|
|
<quantity id="1407F481FF984A53FDB18AFBFD68EEF7" box="[532,668,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="650.0">650-1650 m</quantity>
|
|
elevation. It has been most commonly collected at baits on the forest floor and in Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood. Major workers commonly occur together with minor workers in baiting and Winkler samples. It can be locally abundant, occurring in a high proportion of samples.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF984A53FF62894BFD8DEB0C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF62894BFDC9EC06" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF62894BFEBCED66" bold="true" box="[199,328,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Comments</emphasis>
|
|
. DNA sequencing and morphology suggest that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FC21894AFC01ED66" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[900,1013,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FC21894AFC01ED66" box="[900,1013,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FB96894AFB33ED66" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[1075,1223,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuxtlasana">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FB96894AFB33ED66" box="[1075,1223,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. tuxtlasana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are sister species.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FF328928FE8EED3B" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,378,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuxtlasana">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF328928FE8EED3B" box="[151,378,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole tuxtlasana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a lowland rainforest species occurring from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="113B9786FF984A53FC068927FBFDED04" box="[931,1033,584,607]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FBB28928FB99ED3B" box="[1047,1133,583,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
to the Caribbean coast of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FF328903FEFCEDDE" box="[151,264,620,645]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FEB78903FE3BEDDE" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[274,463,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FEB78903FE3BEDDE" box="[274,463,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a montane species that occurs from northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FC4B8903FBAFEDDE" box="[1006,1115,620,645]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
to northwestern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FABF8903FA6DEDDE" box="[1306,1433,620,645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The two species occur in close proximity in northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FCA089E0FC81EDF3" box="[773,885,655,680]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
, but segregate by elevation.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FB6489E0FA74EDF3" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[1217,1408,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FB6489E0FA74EDF3" box="[1217,1408,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is relatively abundant in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FE3889DBFDFAED96" box="[413,526,692,717]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Beyond
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FDDB89DBFD1FED96" box="[638,747,692,717]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
it is known from a single collection by Alex Smith in the Cordillera de
|
|
<collectingRegion id="113B9786FF984A53FE9089B7FE4DEDAB" box="[309,441,728,752]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FE6389B7FDB2EDAB" box="[454,582,727,752]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Conspecificity of Honduran and Costa Rican populations is confirmed by COI barcoding. The species has not been recorded from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FC8F8993FC54EC4E" box="[810,928,764,789]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
|
, in spite of quantitative sampling in several montane sites. The
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FED2884FFE06EC63" box="[375,498,799,824]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
|
population could be disjunct, or the species could be present in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FB7C8870FAB8EC63" box="[1241,1356,799,824]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
|
at low density and as yet escaping detection.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628808FD8DEB0C" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FF628808FE70ECDB" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,388,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628808FE70ECDB" box="[199,388,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is part of a striking mimicry complex found in montane forests of Middle America, centered in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FF984A53FF1188E3FED1ECFE" box="[180,293,908,933]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE8A88E3FE10ECFF" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[303,484,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zannia">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE8A88E3FE10ECFF" box="[303,484,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pheidole zannia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is another Honduran species that is common in montane sites, is about the same size as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FF1F88DEFED9EC93" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2019" box="[186,301,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balatro">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF1F88DEFED9EC93" box="[186,301,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. balatro</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and shares the striking harlequin color pattern. The two species are often sympatric. They are distantly related, being phylogenetically widely separated. In each case their closest relatives do not have the harlequin pattern. Although not as common, in the same habitats there is an undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FB278896FB05EB4B" box="[1154,1265,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FB278896FB05EB4B" box="[1154,1265,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species and an undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE8E8F73FE20EB6E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[299,468,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE8E8F73FE20EB6E" box="[299,468,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species that also share the sharp harlequin pattern. These patterns are otherwise unknown in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE868F2EFE66EB03" box="[291,402,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE868F2EFE66EB03" box="[291,402,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FF984A53FE6D8F50FD85EB03" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[456,625,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FE6D8F50FD85EB03" box="[456,625,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFF984A53FF628F0BFAAEEB26" box="[199,1370,1124,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="D3405964FF984A53FF628F0BFAAEEB26" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,1370,1124,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18B8576FF984A53FF628F0BFEBCEB26" bold="true" box="[199,328,1124,1149]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology</emphasis>
|
|
: In ancient Rome a balatro was a professional jester, in reference to the harlequin coloration.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |