287 lines
29 KiB
XML
287 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1919d30d-5a5a-4792-bd10-abaca69e8e4d" ID-PMC="PMC6592974" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-124-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF827A11FF91FFAEFFEEFF953B44FF9A" ID-PubMed="31258372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3256733" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-2003-124-39" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 124" ModsDocTitle="Solanumplastisexum, an enigmatic new bush tomato from the Australian Monsoon Tropics exhibiting breeding system fluidity" checkinTime="1560942874355" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McDonnell, Angela J., Wetreich, Heather B., Cantley, Jason T., Jobson, Peter & Martine, Christopher T." docDate="2019" docId="4F5CE18E59B29F7F415638A0ECBD6B3C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 124: 39-55" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 124" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526" docTitle="Solanum plastisexum Martine & McDonnell 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF827A11FF91FFAEFFEEFF953B44FF9A" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF827A11FF91FFAEFFEEFF953B44FF9A" masterDocTitle="Solanum plastisexum, an enigmatic new bush tomato from the Australian Monsoon Tropics exhibiting breeding system fluidity" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668139334470" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Solanum plastisexum, an enigmatic new bush tomato from the Australian Monsoon Tropics exhibiting breeding system fluidity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDonnell, Angela J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wetreich, Heather B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cantley, Jason T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jobson, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martine, Christopher T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>124</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-124-39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF827A11FF91FFAEFFEEFF953B44FF9A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3256733</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158302039" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F5CE18E59B29F7F415638A0ECBD6B3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F5CE18E59B29F7F415638A0ECBD6B3C" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4F5CE18E-59B2-9F7F-4156-38A0ECBD6B3C" authority="Martine & McDonnell" authorityName="Martine & McDonnell" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plastisexum" status="sp. nov.">Solanum plastisexum Martine & McDonnell</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphology and the earliest-known herbarium specimen of Solanum plastisexum. A Flowering stem with a single staminate flower in 2016 B Mature fruit C Erect inflorescences bearing staminate flowers in 2018 and D Specimen collected by P. Latz in 1974, held at DNA and annotated by D. Symon with an annotation indicating his confusion about the reproductive morphology of the specimen (male rachis visible above fruit on far left)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310866" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Closely related species of andromonoecious bush tomatoes included in this study. A Solanum jobsonii B S. watneyi C S. succosum D S. plastisexum E S. diversiflorum and F S. eburneum. Colours associated with each taxon also used in Figs 3, 4." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310867" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">, 2D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scan of holotype of Solanum plastisexum, held at DNA." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310870" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Like
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Symon" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum eburneum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martine & Frawley" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum watneyi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="watneyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum watneyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum succosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="succosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum succosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but differing by having elliptic, unlobed (or rarely very shallowly lobed) leaves, small apical leaves, long calyx lobes on the staminate flowers and fully erect staminate inflorescence branches.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: ~42 km E of Top Springs, on and around the Buchanan Highway,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="42.274" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.704567">16°42.274'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="07.446" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.1241">132°07.446'E</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 286 m, 23 May 2016 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C.T. Martine 4258, J.T. Cantley, L.M. Lacey, & P.C. Jobson</emphasis>
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(holotype: DNA; isotypes to be distributed to BM, BUPL, MEL, NY, PERTH)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Erect perennial herb 50-80 cm tall. Stems slender, woody at base, upright even when weighted by fruits; single stemmed, with some lateral branching on mature stems. Foliage and stems grey to grey-green, becoming slightly more yellow-green with age; indumentum of stems, leaves and inflorescences composed of stellate trichomes with the stalk, these short, appressed and very dense throughout (of Type 1
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bean, AR" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="639 - 816" refId="B6" refString="Bean, AR, 2004. The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Austrobaileya 6: 639 - 816" title="The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia." volume="6" year="2004">Bean 2004</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Seithe, A" editor="Hawkes, JG" journalOrPublisher="Linnean Society of London, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="307 - 319" refId="B30" refString="Seithe, A, 1979. Hair types as taxonomic characters in Solanum. In: Hawkes, JG, Lester, RN, Skeldings, AD, Eds., The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Linnean Society of London, London: 307 - 319" title="Hair types as taxonomic characters in Solanum." volumeTitle="The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae." year="1979">Seithe 1979</bibRefCitation>
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); stalk 0.05-0.1 mm long, with 4-6 rays 0.2-0.4 mm long, the midpoint elongate, to 0.4 mm long. Prickles scattered throughout, tan, straight, slightly widened at base, fine, 1-2 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves solitary or geminate. Mature leaves 3-12 cm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-2.4 cm, lanceolate (elliptic), with 3-7 pairs of primary veins, with few prickles along base of abaxial midvein; both sides closely and very densely stellate-pubescent; base tapering; margins entire, occasionally sparsely shallowly lobed; apex acute; petiole 0.3-1.8 cm long with 0-4 prickles along base of adaxial midvein. Inflorescence a supra-axillary cyme 1-15 cm long, complete inflorescence consisting of a basal hermaphrodite flower and a distal group of 2-many staminate flowers with 2-3 staminate flowers typically open at the same time; peduncle typically 1.0-10.0 mm long. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and the plants andromonoecious. Hermaphrodite flower ca. 1.5-3 cm below the oldest staminate flower, opening first; pedicel ca. 1 cm long at anthesis, elongating in fruit, armed with 20-50 prickles, each 1-3 mm long; calyx lobes 16-18 mm long, fused for first 2-3 mm, some occasionally fused along most of their length with sepals arranged 2+2+1, armed with 40 -100 long, straight prickles and dense stellate trichomes; corolla 3.1-4.0 cm in diameter, lavender to medium purple, rotate, glabrous; stamens equal; filaments ca. 1.0 mm long; anthers 5 mm long, oblong to lanceolate, poricidal, in a tight anther cone; ovary glabrous, ca. 1.5 mm diameter at anthesis; style (including capitate stigma) dimorphic, 2.5-5 mm or 7-10.5 mm long, curved. Staminate flowers with pedicels 4-7 mm long, unarmed; calyx lobes 16-17 mm long, fused at the base, occasionally 2+2+1 as in hermaphroditic flowers, prickles absent; corolla 1.7-3.5 cm in diameter, lavender to medium purple, rotate; stamens of same proportions as in hermaphrodite flowers; ovary, style and stigma vestigial and diminutive; rachis bearing staminate flowers often deciduous in fruit. Fruit a globose berry 1.4-2.7 cm long, 1.7-2.8 cm in diameter, light green with darker green striations when young, maturing to creamy yellow; flesh firm; locules 2, with little liquid; fruit wall ca. 3-4 mm thick; fruits retained on plant after maturation; fruiting pedicels 2.4-4.1 cm long; fruiting calyx covering 1/4 to 1/3 of developed fruit, the lobes narrowly deltoid, long-acuminate, tips acute, turning brown and weakly reflexing at maturity, very densely short stellate-pubescent and armed with sharp spines 2-5 mm long, these single or paired along the calyx sutures. Seeds up to ~150 per fruit, 3.0-4.5 mm long, dark brown to black, flat, reniform, the surfaces finely reticulate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martine & McDonnell" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum plastisexum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known from a restricted range on and around the Buchanan Highway in the sub-arid, monsoon-influenced zone of the northern region of the Australian Northern Territory (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Map showing geographic distribution of all taxa compared in this study. red points = S. jobsonii, blue points = S. diversiflorum, black points = S. eburneum, pink points = S. watneyi, yellow points = S. succosum and purple asterisk = S. plastisexum. All points are based on specimens databased in the Australasian Virtual Herbarium (https: // avh. chah. org. au /) and specimens held at BUPL." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310869" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Typical habitat of Solanum plastisexum, taken from the Buchanan Highway." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310871" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
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). The species is locally abundant in two to three sites along and off of the road in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Corymbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corymbia dichromophloia" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="dichromophloia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Corymbia dichromophloia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Domin" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Picrodendraceae" genus="Petalostigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Petalostigma pubescens" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Petalostigma pubescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Domin savanna woodland alongside
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Aristida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Heteropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteropogon contortus" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="contortus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Heteropogon contortus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. and other herbaceous and shrubby associates. The distribution of plants along annually-graded roadsides suggests that the species is, like many of its congeners, disturbance-adapted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Nothing is known about the biotic interactions local fauna have with this species, although the floral morphology suggests the typical
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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buzz pollination syndrome (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399372" author="Anderson, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="842 - 852" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, GJ, Symon, DE, 1988. Insect foragers on Solanum flowers in Australia. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75 (3): 842 - 852, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399372" title="Insect foragers on Solanum flowers in Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399372" volume="75" year="1988">Anderson and Symon 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). Plants encountered in 2018 bore many mature fruits not taken nor eaten by frugivores, but the exposed, fleshy berries may indicate biotic seed dispersal via ingestion (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" author="Martine, CT" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B26" refString="Martine, CT, Jordon-Thaden, IE, McDonnell, AJ, Cantley, JT, Hayes, DS, Roche, MD, Frawley, ES, Gilman, IS, Tank, DC, 2019. Phylogeny of the Australian Solanumdioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypotheses. PLoS One 14(4): e0207564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" title="Phylogeny of the Australian Solanumdioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypotheses. PLoS One 14 (4): e 0207564." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" year="2019">Martine et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3256993" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310869" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Map showing geographic distribution of all taxa compared in this study. red points =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. jobsonii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="jobsonii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. jobsonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, blue points =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. diversiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="diversiflorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. diversiflorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, black points =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. eburneum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="eburneum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. eburneum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pink points =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. watneyi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="watneyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. watneyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, yellow points =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. succosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="succosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. succosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and purple asterisk =
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. plastisexum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All points are based on specimens databased in the Australasian Virtual Herbarium (https://avh.chah.org.au/) and specimens held at BUPL.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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The handful of collections that have been made of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. plastisexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that include flowers are all from the end of the wet season through the early months of the dry season, from January to June. Mature fruiting specimens have been collected in June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The name is based on the Latin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“plastus”">"plastus"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“deceptive,”">"deceptive,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
but derived from the Greek
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“plastikos/plasticos/plasticus”">"plastikos/plasticos/plasticus"</normalizedToken>
|
||
for "able to be molded, changeable") and the Latin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“sexus”">"sexus"</normalizedToken>
|
||
for sex. We suggest the use of Dungowan Bush Tomato for the common name of this species, which refers to the cattle station on which the majority of the collections have been made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="preliminary assessment of conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martine & McDonnell" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum plastisexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from only two to three extant populations, each consisting of a few dozen individuals (with some likelihood of clonality) and two historical (pre-2000) collections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphology and the earliest-known herbarium specimen of Solanum plastisexum. A Flowering stem with a single staminate flower in 2016 B Mature fruit C Erect inflorescences bearing staminate flowers in 2018 and D Specimen collected by P. Latz in 1974, held at DNA and annotated by D. Symon with an annotation indicating his confusion about the reproductive morphology of the specimen (male rachis visible above fruit on far left)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310866" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The currently-known distribution of the species is not under conservation protection, but one of the populations appears to have been stable since at least the 1970s. When evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria for extinction risk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B18" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">S. plastisexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls into the Vulnerable (VU) category under Criterion B (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)). The VU designation is the lowest of three threatened categories, but indicates the taxon still faces a high risk of extinction in the wild. It has an Area of Occupancy that is likely much less than <20 km2 and an Extent of Occurrence <5 km2, as calculated using the geocat.kew.org online tool. There are fewer than 10 known locations that are possibly fragmented and a decline in overall habitat quality is likely, given population localities along a road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory</emphasis>
|
||
: 92 km W. of Dunmarra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.733334">16°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.16667">132°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20 June 1974 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">P.K. Latz 5482</emphasis>
|
||
(DNA [DNA A0041776]); Dungowan Station,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.733334">16°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.28334">132°17'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 January 1978 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
T.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="S." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">S.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Henshall 1914
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(DNA [DNA A0054101]); Buchanan Highway, 46.1 km E. of Top Springs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="43.140" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.719">16°43.140'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="09.511" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.15852">132°09.511'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 May 2016 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C.T. Martine, J.T. Cantley, L.M. Lacey & P. Jobson 4260</emphasis>
|
||
(DNA, BUPL); Buchanan Highway, 42.1 km E. of Top Springs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="42.274" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.704567">16°42.274'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="07.446" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.1241">132°07.446'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 May 2018 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C.T. Martine, A.J. McDonnell, J.T. Cantley, & P. Jobson 4743</emphasis>
|
||
(NT, DNA, BUPL); Buchanan Highway, 46.1 km E. of Top Springs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="43.140" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.719">16°43.140'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="09.511" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.15852">132°09.511'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 May 2018 (fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C.T. Martine, A.J. McDonnell, J.T. Cantley, & P. Jobson 4745</emphasis>
|
||
(DNA, BUPL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3256995" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310870" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Scan of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martine & McDonnell" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum plastisexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, held at DNA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3256997" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.124.33526.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310871" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Typical habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martine & McDonnell" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plastisexum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plastisexum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Solanum plastisexum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, taken from the Buchanan Highway.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |