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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7556" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a060eeca-876f-48e1-94af-2a2b8c2c2e60" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223754" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="257DF232C0065A11B4628BA20283C6F1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575793" ID-ZooBank="542B0277F89948ED8387EE760EEEF5A4" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6E6F7B55-91F7-4807-A91E-26DAC7A50B24" ModsDocID="1860-1324-63-1-45" checkinTime="1621372617380" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bidzilya, Oleksiy V., Mey, Wolfram &amp; Agassiz, David" docDate="2016" docId="2A04A3A53F00C0FE095F18AE1D7BC4E4" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 63(1): 45-74" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1)" docPubDate="2016-02-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7556" docTitle="Aphanostola rooiklipella Bidzilya &amp; Mey 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6E6F7B55-91F7-4807-A91E-26DAC7A50B24" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="257DF232C0065A11B4628BA20283C6F1" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="257DF232C0065A11B4628BA20283C6F1" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Aphanostola Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Anomologinae) with description of 19 new species from the Afrotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="45" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1632023610145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the genus Aphanostola Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Anomologinae) with description of 19 new species from the Afrotropical Region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bidzilya, Oleksiy V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kiev National Taras Shevchenko University, Zoological Museum, Volodymyrska str., 60, MSP 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">olexbid@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute at Humboldt Universitaet, Invalidenstrasse 43, D- 10115, Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Agassiz, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-02-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>63</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>45</mods:start>
<mods:end>74</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7556</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.7556</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-45</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">542B0277F89948ED8387EE760EEEF5A4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">257DF232C0065A11B4628BA20283C6F1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575793</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223754" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6E6F7B55-91F7-4807-A91E-26DAC7A50B24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A04A3A53F00C0FE095F18AE1D7BC4E4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6E6F7B55-91F7-4807-A91E-26DAC7A50B24" authority="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola rooiklipella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooiklipella" status="sp. n.">Aphanostola rooiklipella Bidzilya &amp; Mey</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="53">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–21" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 21. Adults of Aphanostola spp. (scale bar 1.0 mm) 1. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Namibia, Brandberg (gen. slide 73 / 05); 2. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Namibia, Mirabib (gen. slide 548 / 14); 3. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Kenya, Logumgum (gen. slide 1362); 4. Aphanostola pentastigma, HT, RSA, Pretoria; 5. Aphanostola pentastigma, Kenya, L. Naivasha; 6. Aphanostola morogorensis sp. n., HT, Tanzania, Morogoro Town; 7. Aphanostola calderae sp. n., RSA, Asante-Sana; 8. Aphanostola calderae sp. n., HT, RSA, Asante-Sana; 9. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu (gen. slide 1497); 10. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., HT, Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu; 11. Aphanostola kruegeri sp. n., RSA, Pretoria (gen. slide 8 / 15); 12. Aphanostola alternella sp. n., HT, Kenya, Turi; 13. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., HT, Namibia, Popa Falls; 14. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., RSA, Nwanedzi (gen. slide 36 / 15); 15. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Kavango; 16. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Rooiklip Farm; 17. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Grootfontein; 18. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Kenya, Nakuru NP (gen. slide 596 / 14); 19. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi (gen. slide 76 / 05); 20. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi; 21. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi (gen. slide 155 / 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures1-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78905" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figs 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 47–52" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 47 - 52. Male genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 47. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu (gen. slide 1497); 48. Aphanostola kruegeri sp. n., RSA, Pretoria (gen. slide 4 / 15); 49. Aphanostola alternella sp. n., HT, Kenya, Turi (gen. slide 307 / 14); 50. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 54 / 08); 51. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Omatako (gen. slide 213 / 12); 52. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, Brandberg (gen. slide 106 / 05)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures47-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78909" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">, 51</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–70" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 68 - 70. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 68. Aphanostola morogorensis sp. n., Tanzania, Morogoro Town (gen. slide 2375); 69. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 206 / 12); 70. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooisand (gen. slide 203 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures68-70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78913" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">, 70</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 71–73" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 71 - 73. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 71. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooiklip Farm (gen. slide 554 / 14); 71 a. Signum (gen. slide 547 / 14); 72. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Otavi (gen. slide 502 / 14); 73. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 225 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures71-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78914" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">, 71</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 71–73" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 71 - 73. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 71. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooiklip Farm (gen. slide 554 / 14); 71 a. Signum (gen. slide 547 / 14); 72. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Otavi (gen. slide 502 / 14); 73. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 225 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures71-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78914" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">, 71a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
Holotype ♀,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Namibia</emphasis>
, Gamsb[er]g., Rooiklip Farm, 10-11.ix.20012, LF (Mey) (MfN). Paratypes: 8 ♀, same data as holotype (gen. slide 495/14; 547/14; 554/14, O. Bidzilya); 1 ♀, Namibia, Rooisand, Gamsberg Pass, 20.i.2007, aut[omatische] Falle (Mey &amp; Ebert) (gen. slide 203/12, O. Bidzilya); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Namibia, Omatako Ranch, LF, 22-23.iii.2003 (Mey) (gen. slide 213/12♂, 66/15♀, O. Bidzilya); 1 ♀, Namibia, Otjiwarongo, Hohenfels, 25-27.viii.2012, LF (Mey) (gen. slide 561/14, O. Bidzilya) (MfN); 1 ♀,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">RSA</emphasis>
, Natal, Mkuzi, [15'sq NW cnr,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-27.5">27 30'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="32.083332">32 05'E</geoCoordinate>
], 23-26.iv.1982 (Scoble, Laurenson &amp; Kroon) (gen. slide 45/15, O. Bidzilya) (TMSA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
The new species can reliably be separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya, Agassiz &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola melliferae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliferae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola melliferae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya, Agassiz &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola africanella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola africanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by the genitalia. The male genitalia most resemble those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey &amp; Agassiz" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola acaciae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acaciae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola acaciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but are well recognizable by the presence of the big rounded lateral, vincular projections in combination with sub-rectangular tegumen and apically tapered phallus. The female genitalia resemble those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola griseella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola griseella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but the antrum is distinctly longer than the apophyses anteriores in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola rooiklipella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rooiklipella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola rooiklipella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. whereas the antrum in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola griseella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola griseella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is sub-equal in length to apophyses anteriores; moreover the sub-ostial sclerite in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bidzilya &amp; Mey" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Aphanostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanostola griseella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Aphanostola griseella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is shorter and having shorter posterior projections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
Adult (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–21" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 21. Adults of Aphanostola spp. (scale bar 1.0 mm) 1. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Namibia, Brandberg (gen. slide 73 / 05); 2. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Namibia, Mirabib (gen. slide 548 / 14); 3. Aphanostola acaciae sp. n., Kenya, Logumgum (gen. slide 1362); 4. Aphanostola pentastigma, HT, RSA, Pretoria; 5. Aphanostola pentastigma, Kenya, L. Naivasha; 6. Aphanostola morogorensis sp. n., HT, Tanzania, Morogoro Town; 7. Aphanostola calderae sp. n., RSA, Asante-Sana; 8. Aphanostola calderae sp. n., HT, RSA, Asante-Sana; 9. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu (gen. slide 1497); 10. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., HT, Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu; 11. Aphanostola kruegeri sp. n., RSA, Pretoria (gen. slide 8 / 15); 12. Aphanostola alternella sp. n., HT, Kenya, Turi; 13. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., HT, Namibia, Popa Falls; 14. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., RSA, Nwanedzi (gen. slide 36 / 15); 15. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Kavango; 16. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Rooiklip Farm; 17. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Grootfontein; 18. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Kenya, Nakuru NP (gen. slide 596 / 14); 19. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi (gen. slide 76 / 05); 20. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi; 21. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, E. Caprivi (gen. slide 155 / 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures1-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78905" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">16</figureCitation>
). Wingspan 6.2-6.4 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae covered with grey black-tipped scales, frons off-white, labial palpus weakly up-curved, segment two black with whitish scales at base, segment three black with white basal, medial and apical rings, inner surface lighter, greyish, antenna thick in male, thin in female, finely ciliated in both sexes, scape black, other antennal segments black with narrow whitish rings at base, underside greyish; forewing light grey densely suffused with brown along margins and particularly on apex, three prolonged brown spots in cell, diffuse brown dash in fold, cilia grey, brown-tipped; hindwing grey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
Male genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 47–52" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 47 - 52. Male genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 47. Aphanostola kenyella sp. n., Kenya, between Limuru and Mai Mahiu (gen. slide 1497); 48. Aphanostola kruegeri sp. n., RSA, Pretoria (gen. slide 4 / 15); 49. Aphanostola alternella sp. n., HT, Kenya, Turi (gen. slide 307 / 14); 50. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 54 / 08); 51. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Omatako (gen. slide 213 / 12); 52. Aphanostola centripunctella sp. n., Namibia, Brandberg (gen. slide 106 / 05)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures47-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78909" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">51</figureCitation>
). Uncus about as broader as long, weakly widened apically, posterior margin slightly emarginated; gnathos sickle-shaped; tegumen sub-rectangular, 1.5 times longer than broad, anterior margin with comparatively shallow, rounded emargination; valva straight, inner margin with distinct thorn at 2/3 length, distal 1/3 inflated, hairy; sacculus prolonged, narrow, curved inwardly; vinculum narrow, posterior margin with short medial and long lateral projections, anteromedial emargination shallow; saccus broad, triangular, slightly exceeding beyond apex of pedunculus; phallus with pointed apex, basal projection arises from 1/3 length of phallus and exceeding nearly to its tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
Female genitalia (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–70" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 68 - 70. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 68. Aphanostola morogorensis sp. n., Tanzania, Morogoro Town (gen. slide 2375); 69. Aphanostola antennata sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 206 / 12); 70. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooisand (gen. slide 203 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures68-70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78913" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">70</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 71–73" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 71 - 73. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 71. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooiklip Farm (gen. slide 554 / 14); 71 a. Signum (gen. slide 547 / 14); 72. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Otavi (gen. slide 502 / 14); 73. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 225 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures71-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78914" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">71</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 71–73" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 71 - 73. Female genitalia of Aphanostola spp. 71. Aphanostola rooiklipella sp. n., Namibia, Rooiklip Farm (gen. slide 554 / 14); 71 a. Signum (gen. slide 547 / 14); 72. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., HT, Namibia, Otavi (gen. slide 502 / 14); 73. Aphanostola griseella sp. n., Namibia, Popa Falls (gen. slide 225 / 12)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.63.7556.figures71-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/78914" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">71a</figureCitation>
). Segment VIII nearly as long as broad, evenly sclerotized; apophyses anteriores moderately thick, twice as long as segment VIII; antrum long, tubular, exceeding the tips of apophyses anteriores; sub-ostial sclerite sub-rectangular with long posterior projection; ductus bursae narrow; corpus bursae sub-ovate; signum a long sub-triangular plate densely covered with spikes and with medial cord inside.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Named after the farm Rooiklip in the escarpment of Namibia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Namibia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">The host plant unknown. The adults were observed from late August to mid-September, and again in January and in March, which is suggestive for the development of two generations per year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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