389 lines
51 KiB
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389 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A5317BC677428441772721C4866626AF">Three new species and one new record of Deimatidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Synallactida) discovered in the South China Sea and the Mariana fore-arc area using integrative taxonomic methods</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="698D34BEB0A94F5BD92C38414B12D8D4">Xiao, Yunlu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="512C631E111C3A8D5FFBC44E6919C98B">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="50AE1C3CF49D82A97A6AB3C31543EB08">Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E83835E3187658C6B941B729035F17F5">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E10839CC79A4C3B962953AFD9024015" type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="455605AE13AA5B907B6900B74DC6E98D">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="22CF6AB91BA7317F7BE31AA280205D5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="C300BDD548079283205479B47B1D1612" ID-CoL="7XCK2" LSID="F0EE0E3B-D5DA-5A21-A0A1-6945C9683DD6" authority="Theel, 1879" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="validum">
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Deima validum validum
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<normalizedToken id="0B7B833ED41A35548138C5F5D45B62DC" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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, 1879
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8B4E888DB1E0CE0C9FCA473E6753C272" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8E300A5BC63835CA299ABEFA411B2E0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<figureCitation id="E83A525EB451C25D13DBDD76C7A4656E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02 and IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) A in situ image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) B in vivo image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) C dorsal view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) D ventral view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006161" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C5A268D4F15F4F4A9ACC174F247A83D6" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). A 1 - A 3 dorsal body wall B 1 - B 3 papillae C 1 - C 4 tube feet D 1 - D 2 ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A 1 - B 3); 50 μm (D 1, D 2)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">, 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FA5252D507425405BBEFC0BA4AA2D1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="696B98A7CA7E91E8BC15D0A7F618A20D" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="6A0120F970C8C76A081F7A69E7810020" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validum">Deima validum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="002DE11A87567555E5D766996902CD5A" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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, 1879: 5, figs 36-38;
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<bibRefCitation id="3FC204EE9D05CB63CAE15D7521A1E694" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B49" refString="Theel, H, 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS 4 (13): 1 - 176" title="Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger." volume="4" year="1882">
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<normalizedToken id="070952121AE30E361817D93E17691CB9" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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1882
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 68-70, pls 18, 19, 31: 4-9, 36: 4, 37: 8, 43: 7, 44: 13, 46: 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="418B8F0608FE60768FB94A1B88FC85A3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" author="Sluiter, CP" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Heritage Library OAI Repository" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 142" refId="B42" refString="Sluiter, CP, 1901a. Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. Biodiversity Heritage Library OAI Repository 44: 1 - 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" title="Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" volume="44" year="1901 a">Sluiter 1901a</bibRefCitation>
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: 60.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="30769181105C7932B4939B0138C42288" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="6692CB6713DCCAEBE55209D2AAF95CA6" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="validum">Deima validum validum</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="47A00109C2872A713B37519FBDB4DBC0" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Tropical Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="480 - 501" refId="B13" refString="Hansen, B, 1967. The taxonomy and zoogeography of the deep-sea holothurians, in their evolutionary aspects. Studies in Tropical Oceanography 5: 480 - 501" title="The taxonomy and zoogeography of the deep-sea holothurians, in their evolutionary aspects." volume="5" year="1967">Hansen 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 488-490, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="01CCF86C3E8A8D5B91E63F3E10E79B36" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B14" refString="Hansen, B, 1975. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda. Galathea Report 13: 1 - 262" title="Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda." volume="13" year="1975">Hansen 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 17-23, fig. 1, pls 11 (fig. 1), 13, (figs 1, 2);
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<bibRefCitation id="DDA676C2E7AC97B6B8DA5C6CA20769CF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" author="Bohn, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B3" refString="Bohn, J, 2006. Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola BasinResults of the DIVA-1 expedition of FS "Meteor" (Cruise M48/1). Zootaxa 1276 (1): 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" title="Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola BasinResults of the DIVA- 1 expedition of FS " Meteor " (Cruise M 48 / 1)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" volume="1276" year="2006">Bohn 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 9, fig. 4;
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<bibRefCitation id="9C41015ADA5CF9F26864DBA98E55B841" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.5" author="Fernandez-Rodriguez, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="293 - 325" refId="B8" refString="Fernandez-Rodriguez, I, Arias, A, Anadon, N, Acuna, JL, 2019. Holothurian (Echinodermata) diversity and distribution in the central Cantabrian Sea and the Aviles Canyon System (Bay of Biscay). Zootaxa 4567 (2): 293 - 325, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.5" title="Holothurian (Echinodermata) diversity and distribution in the central Cantabrian Sea and the Aviles Canyon System (Bay of Biscay)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.5" volume="4567" year="2019">
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<normalizedToken id="54A48ECB2408A01F55290EA6442A1052" originalValue="Fernández-Rodríguez">Fernandez-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D63FE6D2248F82F8BE197E3AEAD235FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
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<taxonomicName id="E5AB29811AAA4250821B94329F5E766B" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima fastosum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fastosum">Deima fastosum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="6AFC6457E71C61FA51993A1A4A356D33" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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, 1879: 5-6, figs 1-3;
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<bibRefCitation id="63D89097F4878E8D6F4AD9ACCA2168C2" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B49" refString="Theel, H, 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS 4 (13): 1 - 176" title="Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger." volume="4" year="1882">
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<normalizedToken id="75726C93986D1C5D31D51A49A01DB6E3" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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||
1882
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 71-73, pls 20, 21: 1, 31: 10-13, 35: 7-10, 36: 7. 37: 3, 43: 2-3, 5, 46:8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="753D78D03CB94E49262F6C0EAA10A871" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="7AAEC11C063883A0DF9AC7C268A92E03" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima blakei" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="blakei">Deima blakei</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="F0B1A3A418DF7CB2049336245C609C78" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
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, 1886b: 1-2, figs 1, 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="AB3DECF0CCC3E0ADE2050592DE680E9C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" refId="B20" refString="Koehler, R, Vaney, C, 1905. An Account of the Deep-Sea Holothuroidea Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1-170. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" title="An Account of the Deep-Sea Holothuroidea Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1 - 170." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney 1905</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 55-57, pl. 11: 13-15;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8132A0B5FE642673A824F3AD07448F98" author="Herouard, E" journalOrPublisher="Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 163" refId="B18" refString="Herouard, E, 1923. Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts PRINCESSE-ALICE et HIRONDELLE II (1898-1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur sonyatch par Albert Ier. Prince Souverain de Monaco 66: 1 - 163" title="Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts PRINCESSE-ALICE et HIRONDELLE II (1898 - 1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur sonyatch par Albert Ier." volume="66" year="1923">
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<normalizedToken id="E75F8810404C052182E8E7BDEAE7EC20" originalValue="Hérouard">Herouard</normalizedToken>
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1923
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 40-41, pls. 5: 7, 6: 5;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3360CFECB1F896EE88E85BA57E538546" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="43 - 226" refId="B6" refString="Deichmann, E, 1930. The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 71 (3): 43 - 226" title="The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean." volume="71" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 115-116, pls 10: 7-11, 11: 1-3;
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<bibRefCitation id="E83C4CD5EE90D9D8B433B9C479A5D23A" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural ' Felipe Poey'" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="183 - 240" refId="B7" refString="Deichmann, E, 1940. Report on the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural 'Felipe Poey' 14: 183 - 240" title="Report on the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean." volume="14" year="1940">Deichmann 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 198-199.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FCFBC2B5914E75A9696F5C20525DA895" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
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<taxonomicName id="C8A89B9811FA74489BF651E9FFA2D671" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1898" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima atlanticum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlanticum">Deima atlanticum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="949AF60E2A2532FBA65F86680C424886" originalValue="Hérouard">Herouard</normalizedToken>
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||
, 1898: 88-89, figs 1, 2.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="876FC9E11FBF7BEB6C56650118ED9FB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0E97311A0413F9987B89583EDB88B24" authorityName="Ohshima" authorityYear="1915" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima mosaicum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mosaicum">Deima mosaicum</taxonomicName>
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Ohshima, 1915: 233-234.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2D485ECAE5B85F5B43F4B9B63FA6036D" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E3B636F554025D8DABD3F45BFED272AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFB79ADD713E6DB7BE5E2BED45B46FF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
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<materialsCitation id="530155D8B8C50A7EFB7C254B9AAB13A6" collectingDate="2018-05-31" collectingDateMax="2019-06-30" collectingDateMin="2018-05-31" country="China" county="Sea" elevation="3451" latitude="18.033333" location="South" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="114.083336" municipality="South" specimenCount="Two">
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||
<specimenCount id="DE99400D7C59CF985590E03FE3ECF525" count="2" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. IDSSE-2019-0630-HS01, collected from the northern slope of the
|
||
<location id="111469C03AB1091D53B160E463FE3546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0EE0E3BD5DA5A21A0A16945C9683DD6:111469C03AB1091D53B160E463FE3546" country="China" county="Sea" latitude="18.033333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="114.083336" municipality="South" name="South">South</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="09A5163EB0BC0F953C6F2998B77B626F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="DFDA59C2006B5888876B864A9860709D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0EE0E3BD5DA5A21A0A16945C9683DD6:DFDA59C2006B5888876B864A9860709D" country="China" county="Sea" latitude="18.033333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="114.083336" municipality="South" name="Sea">Sea</location>
|
||
, station SY155-HS01(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7AC0A5BB48C494473BFFF38B7944809" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.716667">17°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="233D7CF92760EB169A63B8CDA581D26E" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.21667">114°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<quantity id="C346489079FF4B7A262259F6394721D7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.451" unit="m" value="3451.0">
|
||
<elevation id="799A957FDB880C759E1A92FC4A9B7F84" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.451" unit="m" value="3451.0">3451 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="C15AF183280FACF07F303A9069A37EA7" value="2019-06-30">30 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
, preserved in absolute alcohol. IDSSE-2018-0531-HS02, collected from the
|
||
<location id="445BFB3D421B26EE2029C346A36EE5C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0EE0E3BD5DA5A21A0A16945C9683DD6:445BFB3D421B26EE2029C346A36EE5C9" country="China" county="Sea" latitude="18.033333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="114.083336" municipality="South" name="Xisha Trough">Xisha Trough</location>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="28CAD9C9EAE592A2A6840D9DE69A2745">South</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8F6657764F011748BAC14493B42EE7A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B97E7F8CEDD318FE5093E41DD44D74C0">Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
, station SY84-HS02 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="14D6D7E0D7A6E87A90041A085A6DFFDD" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.033333">18°2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7566D08D96BA5B4CC82A68A72AC93A56" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.083336">114°5'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<quantity id="6AA3511CCA433F7DC7506E74C5D1E0D5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.404" unit="m" value="3404.0">
|
||
<elevation id="A047C2427DD502F274AA4F304D37395F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.404" unit="m" value="3404.0">3404 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EDCD84CA0A587F9842215AF78CAB3651" value="2018-05-31">31 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
, preserved at -80 °C
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B407C78AB02712FCBEE69DA766529112" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F4006A521A0479DD9E03EC659DA435FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03EF2F5638982B2D976DA073FC855211" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DFC87112F5762E43AEBDA5B9899297D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E5E946F955D865C11373D825B7580EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">External morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body ovate, dorsal vaulted, ventral flattened. 9-10 cm long and average 5.5 cm wide in vivo. Skin rigid, body wall brittle and easily broken. Color orange in vivo (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEF2660275A79417D13F83674C669A56" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02 and IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) A in situ image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) B in vivo image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) C dorsal view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) D ventral view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006161" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles retracted into the mouth, resulting in uncountable quantities (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="663933A53496D83EFD2A56B0955F12F8" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02 and IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) A in situ image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) B in vivo image (IDSSE- 2018 - 0531 - HS 02) C dorsal view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01) D ventral view (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006161" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">10C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). 12 pairs of ventrolateral tube feet contractible based on morphology of different stages, single-rowed. Five pairs of rigid and conical dorsal papillae placed in two rows. Ventrolateral papillae three pairs, half the length of the body. Pre-anal tube feet absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1A18188E40B7B6C851210D712015A01E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006161" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="077AEEFFF9F0337B7FFD00EB72440E0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E829618387B3441D73642E44FC5E107" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CC8CC1F8BBE1AAF469B7820D4FB0F40" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F393AC1B611AA2DBFE23C0896AF6300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IDSSE-2018-0531-HS02 and IDSSE-2019-0630-HS01)
|
||
<emphasis id="934551A7C35DE6727F72EFD8E8AF8308" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A</emphasis>
|
||
in situ image (IDSSE-2018-0531-HS02)
|
||
<emphasis id="28697CEBF2ECF3152B5E250BBBC59288" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B</emphasis>
|
||
in vivo image (IDSSE-2018-0531-HS02)
|
||
<emphasis id="7809E8064F20A0F387DCA1B0501C28DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view (IDSSE-2019-0630-HS01)
|
||
<emphasis id="BF28F7ABBF0280C2E9F63C24D20C2C02" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (IDSSE-2019-0630-HS01). Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF75FA5E5CF4EB4DE8A7AADD5DE7E86E" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="79E93C8DD39B2D0CAEE6EDBD066428F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="164BC698175A6FF909E3C5EC834519F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Ossicle morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Basal layer and several additional layers amount in the center of the perforated plates on the body wall and dorsal papillae, in diameter 0.6-1.8 mm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="29280BDC854237C8AC138C1EFD3A955C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). A 1 - A 3 dorsal body wall B 1 - B 3 papillae C 1 - C 4 tube feet D 1 - D 2 ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A 1 - B 3); 50 μm (D 1, D 2)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11A1-B3, D1, D2</figureCitation>
|
||
), with regular holes and a large, reticulated knob, ~ 0.2 mm high. The tube feet with some types of developmental stages towards perforated plates (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6A12CD46EA99D216C20B24384A469704" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). A 1 - A 3 dorsal body wall B 1 - B 3 papillae C 1 - C 4 tube feet D 1 - D 2 ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A 1 - B 3); 50 μm (D 1, D 2)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11C1, C3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and perforated plates with one layer (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="944595077A5B112AE257E4AA5422A151" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). A 1 - A 3 dorsal body wall B 1 - B 3 papillae C 1 - C 4 tube feet D 1 - D 2 ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A 1 - B 3); 50 μm (D 1, D 2)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11C2</figureCitation>
|
||
), rods bearing spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BEA7C564059056095B8070B5070CBFD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Deima validum validum (IDSSE- 2019 - 0630 - HS 01). A 1 - A 3 dorsal body wall B 1 - B 3 papillae C 1 - C 4 tube feet D 1 - D 2 ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (A 1 - B 3); 50 μm (D 1, D 2)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">11C4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D6233F48A5AFCAB2824F21726E0C2335" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.115913.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1006162" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="9AA25F7433D32E61318F9EB4E8A60FCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BF6535068B98149D0354590BC41E58E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90F8C741B5B78032137432D6067D158A" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA539CBBC7F9E271CBC57C67B0DE705" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IDSSE-2019-0630-HS01).
|
||
<emphasis id="A35E8FA736D3B8BAE226D54462D615DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A1-A3</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal body wall
|
||
<emphasis id="7D8E8EADA59A4779EAAF9B0631F3A37E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">B1-B3</emphasis>
|
||
papillae
|
||
<emphasis id="846F1EEBB61EE0461593A8162F37E04B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">C1-C4</emphasis>
|
||
tube feet
|
||
<emphasis id="A55CA1FFC8EB77896C349961E120EAE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D1-D2</emphasis>
|
||
ventral body wall. Scale bars: 300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D9C9A0362D7328FB97620B8055D2C8F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="73A8B20B1E0FDFC8115BC295DDF38F17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">A1-B3</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC16A94F46F29CB5E327FE1A3CB9036A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="47030053DC341D28FF41B1A5D7395DE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="075861A10DC03925B5B8E4A63961A544" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D2</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1478AD4F07C55E8E99DC7B7D2B415600" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7023073BC07C4AFAC5089641AF833DCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D14647EFB590D0234501A04628383E2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
This subspecies probably has a cosmopolitan distribution, except for the Arctic and Southern Ocean, at depths of 724-5426 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F7A79C2247A34F45B7CFF2383195148" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B49" refString="Theel, H, 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS 4 (13): 1 - 176" title="Report on the Holothuroidea. Part I. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger." volume="4" year="1882">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3168BD45F22477FD28B8F13605F3BF4" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
1882
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6613CCCC81B0C33B1F827C3FE32C3F69" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B50" refString="Theel, H, 1886b. Report on the Holothurioidea. Reports on the results of dredging. "Blake", 30. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 13 (1): 1 - 21" title="Report on the Holothurioidea. Reports on the results of dredging. " Blake ", 30." volume="13" year="1886 b">1886b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E65FF6DB4D72B431FF5746ADB2E3E0D8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" author="Sluiter, CP" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Heritage Library OAI Repository" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 142" refId="B42" refString="Sluiter, CP, 1901a. Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. Biodiversity Heritage Library OAI Repository 44: 1 - 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" title="Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85348" volume="44" year="1901 a">Sluiter 1901a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10DAAFD69F5BFB6605DF9A5FA7E1A956" author="Herouard, E" journalOrPublisher="Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B17" refString="Herouard, E, 1902. Holothuries provenant des campagnes de la Princesse-Alice (1892-1897). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yatch par Albert Ier. Prince Souverain de Monaco 21: 1 - 61" title="Holothuries provenant des campagnes de la Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yatch par Albert Ier." volume="21" year="1902">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="508343E9066028CA1BAF8A7A961947D8" originalValue="Hérouard">Herouard</normalizedToken>
|
||
1902
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F569DE35042424B872AAF0FD67FC0375" author="Herouard, E" journalOrPublisher="Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 163" refId="B18" refString="Herouard, E, 1923. Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts PRINCESSE-ALICE et HIRONDELLE II (1898-1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur sonyatch par Albert Ier. Prince Souverain de Monaco 66: 1 - 163" title="Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts PRINCESSE-ALICE et HIRONDELLE II (1898 - 1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur sonyatch par Albert Ier." volume="66" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6AF9127A932D975628261FE82D28B376" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" refId="B20" refString="Koehler, R, Vaney, C, 1905. An Account of the Deep-Sea Holothuroidea Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1-170. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" title="An Account of the Deep-Sea Holothuroidea Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1 - 170." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1730" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E70923D073B4150DAF96EE35FC621282" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.48-2073.213" author="Ohshima, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="213 - 291" refId="B35" refString="Ohshima, H, 1915. Report on the holothurians collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer "Albatross" in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48 (2073): 213 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.48-2073.213" title="Report on the holothurians collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.48-2073.213" volume="48" year="1915">Ohshima 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3DF61B4363E03A5416D77CA9C1D07457" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79346" author="Grieg, JA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" refId="B11" refString="Grieg, JA, 1921. Echinodermata. Report on the scientific results of the "Michael SARS" North Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910 3(2): 1-47. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79346" title="Echinodermata. Report on the scientific results of the " Michael SARS " North Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910 3 (2): 1 - 47." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79346" year="1921">Grieg 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D1B1E3435F518CFB81050FDEA9A72C2" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural ' Felipe Poey'" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="183 - 240" refId="B7" refString="Deichmann, E, 1940. Report on the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural 'Felipe Poey' 14: 183 - 240" title="Report on the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean." volume="14" year="1940">Deichmann 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6013B3F1A265C34C0FCCF4FAE3442B89" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B14" refString="Hansen, B, 1975. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda. Galathea Report 13: 1 - 262" title="Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda." volume="13" year="1975">Hansen 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7AB595A33F91C76B222CE1323781B694" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(77)90527-6" author="Sibuet, M" journalOrPublisher="Deep-Sea Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="549 - 564" refId="B41" refString="Sibuet, M, 1977. Distribution and diversity of echinoderms (Holothuroidea, Asteroidea) in the abyssal zone in the Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Research 24: 549 - 564, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(77)90527-6" title="Distribution and diversity of echinoderms (Holothuroidea, Asteroidea) in the abyssal zone in the Bay of Biscay." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(77)90527-6" volume="24" year="1977">Sibuet 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="119B32FAEA631E6F9422DA65EECA3B71" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Marine Pollution Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" refId="B34" refString="O'Loughlin, PM, 1998. Elasipod holothurians from the continental slope of Australia. Echinoderms: 499-504." title="Elasipod holothurians from the continental slope of Australia. Echinoderms: 499 - 504." year="1998">
|
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<normalizedToken id="0D8CAD923205A6B00B17B52925B567F9" originalValue="O’Loughlin">O'Loughlin</normalizedToken>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="833B39366D1E13EE89EAFFD127371692" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" author="Bohn, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B3" refString="Bohn, J, 2006. Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola BasinResults of the DIVA-1 expedition of FS "Meteor" (Cruise M48/1). Zootaxa 1276 (1): 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" title="Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola BasinResults of the DIVA- 1 expedition of FS " Meteor " (Cruise M 48 / 1)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1276.1.1" volume="1276" year="2006">Bohn 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="93FBB58BBC13FE65902C8808DE5F6FE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7B7DEF4B2096ADB5187910A4E377D75" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3A02EF4D08A8A169E6577AA42436E95" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D8F728C49604C032E650481E8226E76" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B7933DB2A72431F5956E1964F8CA457" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3FDD69D3D906BAB1BCC62465AF8B6222" author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Theel, H, 1879. Preliminary Report on the Holothuridae of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger" under Professor Sir C. Wyville Thomson F.R.S., Part 1, Bihang Till K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 5 (19): 1 - 20" title="Preliminary Report on the Holothuridae of the Exploring Voyage of H. M. S. " Challenger " under Professor Sir C. Wyville Thomson F. R. S., Part 1, Bihang Till K." volume="5" year="1879">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F893213EC593770D31A938F283400115" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1879)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the preliminary report of the exploring voyage of H. M. S. Challenger under Sir C. Wyville Thomson., with a detailed description of another novel species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A7CB60EFF3238943256B4AD914D9EE" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima fastosum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fastosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="037E824B5EC79DD569AF0273D60A86D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima fastosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Four new species were reported subsequently by different taxonomists:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A4D7ACEF2FEABB386F73B0838C2914F" lsidName="D. atlanticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4E17A6023F91B1A2B0C015C4D65CAEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1369A15F76645C93AEE07EED9D9BF49C" originalValue="Hérouard">Herouard</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1898;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="625F5235491738B9538E735E98994847" lsidName="D. blakei" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="blakei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2C70DC7D4BC8CD2F5FA0FF2B055B505" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. blakei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="58EE7D95E594A52C4B8B385DDBCC2336" originalValue="Théel">Theel</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1886;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="132F72C7E0A327D48AB96B7AE2B53BD3" lsidName="D. mosaicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="mosaicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACC0913DACE6F015A2920EBB3D3D277" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. mosaicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ohshima, 1915 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77B930445482A5CC16F5BACE2833412B" lsidName="D. pacificum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="42A7AB8F80C726E026278CC81EB1E39C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ludwig, 1894. The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4BCDD6FBDFCDE1EDB1540A33199F0A1" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Deimatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
underwent a thorough revision by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="368A7E62F0B3303AB5C73AE1616099C1" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B14" refString="Hansen, B, 1975. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda. Galathea Report 13: 1 - 262" title="Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda." volume="13" year="1975">Hansen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DB3C2F59B5F8316E15919F03814D364" lsidName="D. fastosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="fastosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED302D3F00D2CCF434A00E2AF1B10015" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. fastosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B042CA0B1636E0BFE52EF52C288B647" lsidName="D. atlanticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="13ACE39DB6BE67C607EB9B89E533565C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A8C64503EDC2B628B03C65B093C0814" lsidName="D. blakei" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="blakei">
|
||
<emphasis id="9361F9040DB57B3E921C3455F4B6AE89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. blakei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB1FD77658E5EAD9EBCFB65DF85964CC" lsidName="D. mosaicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="mosaicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5D98FE63293AE413CA467A77B3CB285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. mosaicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E191E39B3BC13C6C922F83064EDF38B" lsidName="D. pacificum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB2BEFEA59CA83C3E5C01AF60C9399E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F1DFA484A77E4C8928A2FFEAECB95B" lsidName="D. validum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D44BF6D90F06CEC1DDE5DF9FDD17A377" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E5D4684FDC8AB3A8635D56E327563F1" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Tropical Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="480 - 501" refId="B13" refString="Hansen, B, 1967. The taxonomy and zoogeography of the deep-sea holothurians, in their evolutionary aspects. Studies in Tropical Oceanography 5: 480 - 501" title="The taxonomy and zoogeography of the deep-sea holothurians, in their evolutionary aspects." volume="5" year="1967">Hansen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated the species into two subspecies, cosmopolitan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5951A74B93877F52C6372C07D34E44AB" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DCA12CDFCDAD19A8A7F9610F4326111" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the eastern Pacific Ocean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49A52621E15F1BFDF666E047F33117F7" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum subsp. pacificum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="validum" subSpecies="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="357E9BCDBE8345DB2A8185DB66AE3603" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ludwig, 1894, based on differences in the number of dorsal papillae and the type of deposit in which they were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAEB3E4830A271F75ED51FD3A1200906" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
The two specimens examined here are consistent with the diagnosis of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29D432C7D04AB04243BAACB0661037B6" lsidName="D. v. subsp. validum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="v." subSpecies="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="163C28DE656D013500ED75C347F78432" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. v. validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E783557AC4B7551BA397EA41A27BF200" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B14" refString="Hansen, B, 1975. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda. Galathea Report 13: 1 - 262" title="Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda." volume="13" year="1975">Hansen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Perforated plates were like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3673125F63875A9BADDA2C035238BE7" lsidName="D. fastosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="species" species="fastosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EED2CE711584F94C4044119E4CC46A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. fastosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a large, reticulated, conical knob, which hardly ever approached in other known specimens that were used to investigate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D225D3904C805F4051F9D5C3F805E4F" lsidName="D. v. subsp. validum" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" rank="subSpecies" species="v." subSpecies="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="137EC6D75A8DAB50CCD9F2559D277A28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">D. v. validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This unique feature represents an extreme case of plate variation, where the spinous appearance of the skin is due to these very high and often vertically rising knobs on the plates.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4BEA04580E7A7A14C31627B808AD0EB2" author="Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 262" refId="B14" refString="Hansen, B, 1975. Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950-52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda. Galathea Report 13: 1 - 262" title="Scientific results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1: Elasipoda." volume="13" year="1975">Hansen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that additional mesh structures on perforated plates varied with depth into two types: one-layered plates were characteristic of bathyal specimens, and many-layered plates were typical of abyssal specimens. However, it also exhibited a transitional type of plate in the abyssal Tasman Sea specimens and the bathyal Japanese specimens (perforated plates that were completely or almost completely devoid of additional meshwork), which prevented a clear distinction between a bathyal and an abyssal type of deposit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="38BF59B708080F75FF4DF7A219E686D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Only in the Bay of Bengal (depth 1224-3365 m) did the development of additional layers of meshwork increase progressively with depth. In this research, high-knobbed plates were present in the abyssal South China Sea specimens (depth> 3000 m), but they were absent from the South China Sea specimens first reported (depth 1100 m) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B71ECE15C1ED7BE19D8E293D769B1F3" author="Liao, YL" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" refId="B27" refString="Liao, YL, 1997. Fauna Sinica. Phylum Echinodermata. Class Holothuroidea. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica. Phylum Echinodermata. Class Holothuroidea." year="1997">Liao (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This was the second time that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCAD3540412FEB2715846F1E67A4B648" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" genus="Deima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deima validum" order="Synallactida" pageId="0" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="validum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC66A83F9F46E76FCC1D893958345FC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="309">Deima validum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in the South China Sea. The proposition that the development of additional meshwork on perforated plates increased with depths needs to be investigated on more specimens at different depths in the South China Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |