175 lines
20 KiB
XML
175 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1DD7C17B4001FFC777CE9F588E9782B1">A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="034A45855DAF5F1AB51D3A340FA045D5">Gondim, Anne I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB5380285EAEDFEB05EB1FDA5626623C">Alonso, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C79C7447DC582024DCE2C19F990110B6">Dias, Thelma L. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FD7F1D8A6C125A4D80E647243DF9F26">Manso, Cynthia L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3BDA9587840CC07C87AB965196CB864">Christoffersen, Martin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="75C7D66DAC7BB6700BC31FF451FB29D3">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="545D46623D67E80C4CD14524DA3265B9">307</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6173010FB5E87B90E6DDC652EF891F27" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DAD18A1FFD6E32A970613111C4148054" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DAD18A1FFD6E32A970613111C4148054" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DAD18A1FFD6E32A970613111C4148054" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Amphiuridae" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="10ADB59FD069B3349A6DAA860D0656AA" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="29B33C3FF63F56BC0C440608B678B76A" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="C4ED7B476DF5AFBBC0E8AB1B54805B56" ID-CoL="66G7G" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Amphiodia_riisei" authority="Luetken, 1859" authorityName="Luetken" authorityYear="1859" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">
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Amphiodia riisei (
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<normalizedToken id="6357CDE13CC031A0A3C1C083478E8599" originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1859)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figure 4
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<normalizedToken id="2198B89450A393BF61C0BD8865EE2EEB" originalValue="f–j">f-j</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7EE064444DBCC90F353A4BB47422423B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="94596420DFDD3C96946A57C2E0497439" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A27DDB22E3073708AAC857E79CAC4BB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
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Disk circular (dd = 4.16 mm). Covered by numerous imbricating scales of irregular shapes (Fig. 4f). Primary plates very conspicuous (Fig. 4f). Central primary plate slightly pentagonal, surrounded by the radial primary plates. Radial shields enlarged distally, contiguous, except at proximal end, where there is a small, elongate, triangular scale (Fig. 4f). Ventral interradius covered by small, imbricating scales (Fig. 4g). Bursal slits long and broadened. Oral shields diamond-shaped (Fig. 4h). Adoral shields enlarged laterally. Two oral papillae on each side of jaw angle, the distal one a
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<pageBreakToken id="6C10AC47B2739423CF799E4EB78FD663" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" start="start">little</pageBreakToken>
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larger than the proximal one (Fig. 4h). Infradental papillae rectangular and robust. Dorsal arm plate broader than long, rectangular, with the distal border rounded (Fig. 4i). Ventral arm plate pentagonal. Three arm spines slightly bigger than one arm segment, which is laterally flattened, with blunt tip (Fig. 4j). Two tentacle scales subequal and perpendicular.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0CDA906E532A19DAF368B07DA83608E" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A10F4076EB06EE810CFCA3C3E7287783" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="513DBBD84BC92D7B9987DA0773A1803B" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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Off Florida, the Antilles, possibly Panama and Puerto Rico, and Brazil (
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<bibRefCitation id="C2E3DB5F18B58BB0F468FA3D4F36DCB6" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). In Brazil from
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<normalizedToken id="C1779D836F494D9B357B76D4EC7E12FE" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="DF1992FC81BBF6CD53029D1FE0E6996E" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="02D89E2E26878242AC60818448449DE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Albuquerque 1986</bibRefCitation>
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), Bahia (
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<bibRefCitation id="5915553440814BE253EEC4D395A2C834" author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="61 - 65" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="9" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken id="5CE7DEE241724716A225B83063AA09EB" originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Rio de Janeiro (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F425DD879752B7C1F1F666EA883F78B" author="Luetken, C" journalOrPublisher="Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="177 - 271" title="Additamenta ad historiam ophiuridarum. Beskrivelser af nye eller hidtil kun ufuldstaendigt kjendte Arter af Slangestjerner. Anden Afdeling." volume="5" year="1859">
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<normalizedToken id="C510F76B0F8F705B91A910E31ABDDA20" originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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1859
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</bibRefCitation>
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, type locality),
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<normalizedToken id="4BBA75BB440033B86DBA73879E7E8531" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (
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<bibRefCitation id="12F7217BFFB5F0F4BF7E56B26BBF7007" author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo Serie Oceanografia Biologica 20: 1 - 146." url="10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<normalizedToken id="06EB1748D9A29EA76E8D87966E3679C8" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="38AD36CA18FC68FA7349DD35359AE830" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Borges and Amaral 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Depth 1-311 m. Found for the first time in the State of
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<normalizedToken id="31282B1B9C509D39F436B9B530FFEBBB" originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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, at 16 m, in the present study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A46BC1EB2B50A4EB7CD36735F0F999C6" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="3D1F7076F7CD47CF7716186543106628" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CFAFAE476C7145683C815B02B27D1B4B" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
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This species is known from sand and mud bottoms (
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<bibRefCitation id="06BFF025B1CEC04E54F6EC4314E12647" author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo Serie Oceanografia Biologica 20: 1 - 146." url="10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="1C27313559BFF42A1FFB221FC7E34075" author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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suggests that the species may be found in shallow waters, given that several reports collected specimens from 37m.
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<bibRefCitation id="19210050D40358FE302067607AABE422" author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="BA27BA1A8DD46C828C9C2B128CD795DA" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus brachyactis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachyactis">Ophiophragmus brachyactis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4B8ACCFF6175CE98CE19C03B47D64F41" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">Amphiodia riisei</taxonomicName>
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are synonyms. However, we have considered them distinct species belonging to different genera, on the basis of several noted differences, among which we stress the presence of a fence of papillae on the margin of the disk in
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<taxonomicName id="13BA23F43AA89DCE4BB6EAF677C79885" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus brachyactis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachyactis">Ophiophragmus brachyactis</taxonomicName>
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and the presence of well developed primary plates in
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<taxonomicName id="203F151C152340FECD3F17D428BD1D60" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">Amphiodia riisei</taxonomicName>
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. In the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="8A707133B9F60AF677967A988D87CAB0" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus brachyactis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachyactis">Ophiophragmus brachyactis</taxonomicName>
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, based on a specimen of 7 mm in disk diameter (dd),
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<bibRefCitation id="88CF90D4E0E3653AE852914A54DBC1A5" author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="166 - 376" title="Catalogue of recent ophiurans: Based on the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology." volume="25" year="1915">H.L. Clark (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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did not observe the presence of well developed primary plates, a character emphasized by
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<bibRefCitation id="E2277C949AAD6EE1B593C892F201AD7E" author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo Serie Oceanografia Biologica 20: 1 - 146." url="10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001" year="1970">Tommasi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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for individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="97588CEC29563C73C7023E759DF048DD" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">Amphiodia riisei</taxonomicName>
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with different dd (1.64 to 9 mm).
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<bibRefCitation id="D8D41EFAAB5625F33D14E05E15DA1FB2" author="Manso, CLC" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="965 - 968" title="Sobre a ocorrencia de Ophionema intricata Luetken, 1869 e Ophiophragmus brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915 no Brasil (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Amphiurudae)." volume="48" year="1988">Manso (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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analysed a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="9CD73B1A3EC8CFE9DB73617E5C32DAB2" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus brachyatis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachyatis">Ophiophragmus brachyatis</taxonomicName>
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with4 mm in dd and
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<bibRefCitation id="6B4C4A4A817FDC882BA0C67B0120A16D" author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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examined a specimen with a dd of 8 mm and none of them noticed the presence of well developed primary plates. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="346E3767932071EDCCCB837BB7715FEA" author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo Serie Oceanografia Biologica 20: 1 - 146." url="10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001" year="1970">Tommasi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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remarked that young individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="47139941FE230269A5DE697D3AF1FCE6" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">Amphiodia riisei</taxonomicName>
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may present marginal scales slightly elevated on the border of the disk. In these specimens a single tentacle scale is observed, and the scales on the dorsal surface of the disk, mainly the primary plates, are well developed and elevated, characters that do not agree with the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="BBB2C27F2CCB03E1EEBBE007CD44CD9C" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus brachyatis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachyatis">Ophiophragmus brachyatis</taxonomicName>
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. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="E91ED4544F17834A45AB282CCE27D425" author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="265 - 338" title="Brittle-stars, new and old." volume="62" year="1918">H.L. Clark (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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, one of the most important characters of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B7F03111D6A1C12B4608A5DF3432956E" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ophiophragmus</taxonomicName>
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is the presence of a fence of papillae along the margin of the disk, although he notes that some species of
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<taxonomicName id="E9A5EB83ED73444255196C9FEB0093BB" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphiodia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Amphiodia</taxonomicName>
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may also have elevated scales on the interbrachial areas, despite their appearance being different from those in
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<taxonomicName id="A87910298CD30F319A198C775BDBBACB" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ophiophragmus</taxonomicName>
|
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. Thus the proposed synonymy and the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4E8E53A18FBE6475680DC51A5CB4A7E" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiophragmus riisei" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">Ophiophragmus riisei</taxonomicName>
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proposed by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C5EF7E86A6D2D25713793E9A4A260D22" author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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and accepted by authors such as
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F0FA4225508A4DA659889D3F528EE643" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E8A3AF93E3EC7F2E76B19FF3565071C" pageId="9" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8BC107DA3DE7CE62A4B0F51448269643" originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35DA67B5F743475F6120A91BF7FBBBC7" originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are not followed herein. We emphasize that the previously mentioned authors did suggest that this complex of species must be revised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |