456 lines
59 KiB
XML
456 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="079B2314A904AC57D37CFE2F860C79B1" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.5" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12211157" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718992720692" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O’Loughlin, P. Mark, Paulay, Gustav, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Samyn, Yves" docDate="2007" docId="501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.64.35-52.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-64-2007/pages-35-52/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Holothuria (Halodeima) nigralutea O'Loughlin 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="AC25FFF2F33CFFD6A36EFFFD1D71D00D" masterDocTitle="New Holothuria species from Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), with comments on the origin of deep and cool holothuriids" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1719005414330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="390D74CC630C4A708CFF8E5DECC01B95">
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<mods:title id="2DF28CF12C717349D79472D08BBD4DB6">New Holothuria species from Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), with comments on the origin of deep and cool holothuriids</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4186CA06A03B4A90599A9279E5D5693B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="755996EF8CEB671618C8D25973015C3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F4EB688489062ED4FB46FAF69C93228C">O’Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41D62AFFFDC0706272A85BC0700A32BA">Paulay, Gustav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AFA1D666F38BDA670136D7A364491B2">Vandenspiegel, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7791689CA8544FC00B20C3DD4D41522B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0433A6082887FDFD9F9A2C6004E2CE03">Samyn, Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA8233EE8FA0AF4B1BBC8EC96029154B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C5A50E478E447E46A6E4D103782818D6">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="82D0F5CC53FA8F3E5D22891CB76B72B4">
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<mods:date id="37AB3B2A1211DB15879EB48ECCE32FBA">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F371F5627A89E9BEF5FB65B68D1EB264">2007-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AD684298A8BD658E50C666B16F5E8874">64</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5663F041C1F5B7D7691D58F434B41B72">35</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="EC38063000173F8EF8F129B6D105562A">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-64-2007/pages-35-52/</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1DEA38E9543BF9C6155B0ABF487C98D5" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED0F0C18FF9A0B70DF201608DC884CF9" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12211341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12211341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="90AF6517F337FFDDA3FCFF181FA6D0F6" box="[146,727,229,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3FCFF181FA6D0F6" blockId="11.[146,727,229,251]" box="[146,727,229,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="834281F0F337FFDDA3FCFF181FA6D0F6" box="[146,727,229,251]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA3FCFF181FF5D0F6" ID-CoL="6LZBS" authority="O'Loughlin" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2007" box="[146,644,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigralutea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Halodeima">
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<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA3FCFF181F76D0F6" bold="true" box="[146,519,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Holothuria (Halodeima) nigralutea</emphasis>
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O’Loughlin
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1F257F5F337FFDDA1E4FF1B1FA6D0F6" box="[650,727,230,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="90AF6517F337FFDDA3FCFEEC1F45D207" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3FCFEEC1CEED12A" blockId="11.[146,415,273,295]" box="[146,415,273,295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="408E2A19F337FFDDA3FCFEEC1C7BD12A" box="[146,266,273,295]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="5.[147,207,1821,1840]" captionStartId-1="8.[140,199,1726,1745]" captionStartId-2="9.[147,207,1716,1735]" captionStartId-3="10.[140,200,1716,1735]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1399,232,1780]" captionTargetBox-1="[141,1440,228,1704]" captionTargetBox-2="[147,1447,227,1698]" captionTargetBox-3="[140,1440,227,1698]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-66@5.[220,1373,232,1731]" captionTargetId-1="figure-5@8.[132,1452,215,1713]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@9.[147,1449,227,1698]" captionTargetId-3="figure-5@10.[140,1442,227,1698]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="Figure 4. Bayesian phylogram of species studied together with selected outgroup taxa, with posterior probability values (10 million generations, GTR-I-Gamma, and uninformative prior) above branches, and parsimony bootstrap values (100 replicates) below." captionText-1="Figure 5. a, live paratype of Holothuria (Halodeima) nigralutea O’Loughlin sp. nov, from Western Australia, off Point Cloates (220 mm long; NMV F111290; photo by Karen Gowlett-Holmes). b, preserved holotype of H. (Halodeima) nigralutea, from Western Australia, off Point Cloates (148 mm long; upper dorsal, lower ventral; oral end right; NMV F120437; photos by David Staples). c, lectotype of Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830 from Indonesia, Moluccan Is (160 mm long; MNHN EcHh 543; upper dorsal, lower ventral; photos by Yves Samyn). d, live H. (Halodeima) edulis, from Japan, Okinawa (not collected, photo by Gustav Paulay). e, live H. (Halodeima) edulis, from northern Australia (not collected, photo by Neville Coleman). f, live atypical “grey” form of H. (Halodeima) edulis, from Japan, Okinawa (UF E3882, photo by Gustav Paulay)." captionText-2="Figure 6. Holothuria (Halodeima) nigralutea O’Loughlin sp. nov. (SEM of ossicles from NMV F111290). A, dorsal body wall; B, ventral body wall; C, anal body wall; D, tube feet; E, tentacles; F, respiratory trees; G, madreporite." captionText-3="Figure 7. Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis Lesson, 1830 (SEM of ossicles from NMV F113599). A, dorsal body wall; B, anal body wall; C, oral body wall; D, ventral body wall; E, tentacles; F, tube feet; G, madreporite." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12211165" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12211167" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12211169" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12211171" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12211165/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12211167/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12211169/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12211171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Figures 4–7</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="95370327F337FFDDA27AFEEC1C16D12A" box="[276,359,273,295]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[148,197,677,696]" captionText="Table 1. Specimens sequenced. GenBank accession numbers given for gene regions." pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="95370327F337FFDDA21DFEEC1CEAD12A" box="[371,411,273,295]" captionStart-0="Table 3" captionStart-1="Table 4" captionStart-2="Table 5" captionStartId-0="7.[147,196,969,988]" captionStartId-1="7.[147,196,1216,1235]" captionStartId-2="7.[147,196,1492,1511]" captionText-0="Table 3. Characters distinguishing H. (Halodeima) nigralutea O’Loughlin sp. nov. and H. (Halodeima) edulis Lesson" captionText-1="Table 4. Characters distinguishing H. (Halodeima) signata Ludwig and H. (Halodeima) edulis Lesson" captionText-2="Table 5. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances among specimens of H. edulis complex" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">3–5</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3FCFEC01CE4D188" blockId="11.[146,778,317,654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA3FCFEC01C32D15D" box="[146,323,317,336]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="68DD3CC1F337FFDDA23EFEC01CE4D188" collectingDate="2005-12-09" collectionCode="NMV" collectorName="Southern Surveyor, SS" elevation="100" latitude="-22.86" location="Southern Surveyor" longLatPrecision="754" longitude="113.51" municipality="Point Cloates" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="F120437" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA23EFEC01CD6D15D" box="[336,423,317,336]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="1A71F87EF337FFDDA2DCFEC01F2BD15D" box="[434,602,317,336]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="386EACE6F337FFDDA1E6FEC01E74D15D" box="[648,773,317,336]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Point Cloates</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="BD81505BF337FFDDA3FCFEAA1D90D166" box="[146,225,343,363]" degrees="22.86" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" precision="555" value="-22.86">22.86° S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="BD81505BF337FFDDA383FEAA1C37D166" box="[237,326,343,363]" degrees="113.51" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" precision="555" value="113.51">113.51° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA23CFEA51CE1D166" box="[338,400,344,363]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<elevation id="5398D1AFF337FFDDA23CFEA51CE1D166" box="[338,400,344,363]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="7540534AF337FFDDA2F2FEAA1F1FD167" box="[412,622,343,363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA2F2FEAA1F39D166" box="[412,584,343,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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<location id="DD6A6047F337FFDDA2F2FEAA1F39D166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1:DD6A6047F337FFDDA2F2FEAA1F39D166" box="[412,584,343,363]" latitude="-22.86" longLatPrecision="754" longitude="113.51" municipality="Point Cloates" name="Southern Surveyor" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Western Australia">Southern Surveyor</location>
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</emphasis>
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||
, SS
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||
</collectorName>
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||
10/2005 stn 135,
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<date id="AC0B105CF337FFDDA3FCFE8F1D8DD188" box="[146,252,370,389]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" value="2005-12-09">
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||
<collectingDate id="BC4FE9B4F337FFDDA3FCFE8F1D8DD188" box="[146,252,370,389]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" value="2005-12-09">9 Dec 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="BEA4AE59F337FFDDA26BFE8F1C4AD188" box="[261,315,370,389]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="88139EE7F337FFDDA22EFE8F1CE0D188" box="[320,401,370,389]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">F120437</specimenCode>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3D9FE701FA0D1B7" blockId="11.[146,778,317,654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA3D9FE701C62D1AD" box="[183,275,397,416]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: Type locality and date, F111290 (1); Dampier, 95–
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA1BBFE711E74D1AD" box="[725,773,396,416]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="BD81505BF337FFDDA3FCFE5A1DA9D1B7" box="[146,216,423,442]" degrees="19.79" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" precision="555" value="-19.79">19.79°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BD81505BF337FFDDA38CFE5A1C44D1B7" box="[226,309,423,442]" degrees="115.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" precision="555" value="115.47">115.47°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, SS05/2007 stn 29,
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||
<date id="AC0B105CF337FFDDA286FE5A1F29D1B7" box="[488,600,423,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" value="2007-06-12">12 Jun 2007</date>
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||
, F146582 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3D9FE3C1F45D207" blockId="11.[146,778,317,654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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Comparative material examined.
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<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA28DFE3F1E77D1D8" authority="Jager, 1833" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="1833" box="[483,774,449,469]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="Halodeima">
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<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA28DFE3F1FEDD1D9" box="[483,668,449,468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">H. (Halodeima) atra</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF337FFDDA1CEFE3F1E77D1D8" author="Jager, G. F." box="[672,774,450,469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refId="ref10654" refString="Jager, G. F. 1833. De Holothuriis. Dissertatio Inauguralis. Turici. 40 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1833">Jäger, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF337FFDDA3FCFE211DC2D1E2" box="[146,179,476,495]" name="Fiji" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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, F113579 (1);
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<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF337FFDDA25AFE211CB5D1E2" box="[308,452,476,495]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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, Noumea, F95939 (1); N
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<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF337FFDDA1C0FE211E75D1E2" box="[686,772,476,495]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, Gulf of Carpentaria, E Bremer I., F112194 (1).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="90AF6517F337FFDDA3D9FDEF1D87D283" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3D9FDEF1D87D283" blockId="11.[146,778,317,654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA3D9FDEF1F59D229" ID-CoL="6LZC7" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[183,552,529,548]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis" subGenus="Halodeima">
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<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA3D9FDEF1CE7D229" box="[183,406,529,548]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">H. (Halodeima) edulis</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="68DD3CC1F337FFDDA2CBFDEC1F59D229" box="[421,552,529,548]" collectionCode="MNHN, UF" collectorName="Bremer I. & Heron I." country="Indonesia" county="Gulf of Carpentaria" location="Moluccan Is" municipality="Garnot" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="E4670" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF337FFDDA2CBFDEC1F59D229" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[421,552,529,548]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" refId="ref10771" refString="Lesson, R. P. 1830. Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus. Levrault: Paris. 244 pp., 80 pls." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA154FDEC1FE9D229" box="[570,664,529,548]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF337FFDDA1C4FDEC1E75D229" box="[682,772,529,548]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DD6A6047F337FFDDA3FCFDD61C70D232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1:DD6A6047F337FFDDA3FCFDD61C70D232" box="[146,257,555,575]" country="Indonesia" county="Gulf of Carpentaria" municipality="Garnot" name="Moluccan Is" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Moluccan Is</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DD6A6047F337FFDDA267FDD11C38D232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:501C878AF337FFDAA3FCFF1819AFD2A1:DD6A6047F337FFDDA267FDD11C38D232" box="[265,329,556,575]" country="Indonesia" county="Gulf of Carpentaria" municipality="Garnot" name="Lesson" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Lesson</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="386EACE6F337FFDDA21FFDD11CC2D232" box="[369,435,556,575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Garnot</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 1825, MNHN EcHh 543; N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF337FFDDA1C0FDD61E75D233" box="[686,772,555,574]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="316B4E10F337FFDDA3FCFDBB1C36D254" box="[146,327,582,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Gulf of Carpentaria</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7540534AF337FFDDA23EFDBB1CD7D254" box="[336,422,582,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Bremer I.</collectorName>
|
||
, F95094 (1); Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectorName id="7540534AF337FFDDA1BEFDBB1DD1D279" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Heron I.</collectorName>
|
||
, F95093 (1); F95095 (1); F113599 (1); Pacific Ocean, Wake Atoll, UF
|
||
<specimenCode id="88139EE7F337FFDDA3DAFD861D83D283" box="[180,242,635,654]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="Museum">E4670</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90AF6517F337FFDAA3FCFD5B19AFD2A1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3FCFD5B1CDBD673" blockId="11.[146,777,677,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA3FCFD5B1C7AD2B6" box="[146,267,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA277FD581C9AD2B6" box="[281,491,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">preserved specimens</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA290FD581F2DD2B6" box="[510,604,677,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA10FFD581FC2D2B6" box="[609,691,677,699]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3C2FD3F1D85D2D5" box="[172,244,706,728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA21EFD3E1CC8D2D5" box="[368,441,707,728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide;
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA293FD3E1F24D2D5" box="[509,597,707,728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA133FD3F1FC1D2D5" box="[605,688,706,728]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="145.0">145 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3C5FD1D1D83D2F8" box="[171,242,736,757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA207FD1D1CDED2F8" box="[361,431,736,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; body length/width ratio less than 4; oval in tranverse section, not tapering from mid-body, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; live body form short, squat, narrow anterior neck, narrow posterior tail (see photo of
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA3FCFCA81D94D367" box="[146,229,853,874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Body wall thick, soft-leathery,
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA10CFCA91FC7D367" box="[610,694,852,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, wrinkled, surface smooth to slightly rugose. Mouth ventral, surrounded by an irregular collar of about 60 inconspicuous papillae. Tentacles 20, peltate, with long thin tubular ampullae extending off calcareous ring plates, subequal, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA1D0FC341E79D3D2" box="[702,776,969,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Anus terminal, lacking anal teeth, with few anal papillae dorsally, with paired anal tube feet ventrally. Dorsal and lateral papillae inconspicuous in size but conspicuous in colour, flat or nipple-like, about
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA235FBC31CC0D45E" box="[347,433,1086,1108]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, scattered irregularly,
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3FCFBA61D9FD47D" box="[146,238,1115,1136]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA25EFBA61CFDD47C" box="[304,396,1115,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), lacking ampullae.Tube feet scattered irregularly over ventrum,
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA2FDFB851C95D483" box="[403,484,1144,1166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA147FB851FF4D483" box="[553,645,1144,1166]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), retracted or slightly exposed, about
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA2E2FB681CACD4A6" box="[396,477,1173,1195]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, lacking ampullae. Left dorsolateral radial plate of calcareous ring
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA1EBFB4E1FBDD4C5" box="[645,716,1203,1224]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3D0FB2D1D8AD4E8" box="[190,251,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, with 4 anterior points, posterior margin with shallow rounded indentation. Left dorso-lateral interradial plate
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3A9FAF71C70D512" box="[199,257,1290,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and wide, anterior margin with spire, posterior margin with rounded indentation. Tuft of small stone canals/ madreporites on each side of dorsal mesentery, extending freely in coelom, up to 25 per tuft, each up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA171FA9F1F2BD57A" box="[543,602,1378,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, some stone canals branched.
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA251FA821CECD598" box="[319,413,1407,1429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with 4 sac-like polian vesicles, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA3FCFA611DBFD5BC" box="[146,206,1436,1458]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1 branched;
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA2FFFA611C98D5BC" box="[401,489,1436,1457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with 4 tubular, thin, polian vesicles, 3, 8, 10,
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA22CFA441CFBD5C2" box="[322,394,1465,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 2 branched from common base. Longitudinal muscles flat, broadly attached, with narrowly free edges, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA27CFA0E1C3CD604" box="[274,333,1523,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide dorsally, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA14AFA0E1F1AD604" box="[548,619,1523,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide ventrally. Gonad tubules long, thin, multiple branching, extending half of body length. Respiratory trees extending to anterior end. Cuvierian organ absent. Gut contents calcareous detritus, with fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA258F9951C00D673" box="[310,369,1640,1662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA3D9F97819CFD485" blockId="11.[146,777,677,1895]" lastBlockId="11.[814,1447,229,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Ossicles. Dorsal body wall with numerous rosettes, few tables; tables variable in form and size, 48–64
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA105F95E1F08D6B5" box="[619,633,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m, commonly 56
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA3DFF93D1DCED6D8" box="[177,191,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long; disc reduced, typically 28
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA14CF93D1F41D6D8" box="[546,560,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m wide, smooth with a single central perforation; spire typically 20
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA11DF9201FF0D6FF" box="[627,641,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m wide, with 4 pillars united by a single cross-beam; crown widely spinous, typically 40
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA24DF8E51C40D720" box="[291,305,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m wide, with 16–20 large spines; rosettes plate-like, variable in form, with obtusely angular branches arising from primary rod, 24–48
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA285F8AF1C88D76A" box="[491,505,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long, frequently 2 small terminal and 2 large, lateral perforations (frequently with transverse bridging connection), but with up to 8 perforations. Papillae with rods, some mesh-like ossicles; rods up to 160
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA030FEC31E1DD15E" box="[862,876,318,339]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long, variably bluntly spinous, curved, with some distal perforations; papilla apex with irregular small rods resembling those in madreporite, some anastomosing to form an irregular open mesh. Ventral body wall with numerous rosettes, fewer tables; tables same as dorsal; rosettes larger than dorsally, up to 10 perforations, up to 40
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA663FE2C186AD1EB" box="[1293,1307,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long. Tube feet with endplates, perforated plates, tables, rosettes; endplates multilayered, up to 480
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA7E0FDF619EDD22D" box="[1166,1180,523,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m wide; perforated plates smooth, thin, subrectangular, formed from primary rod with perpendicular lateral branches, up to 128x104
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA676FDBB1857D256" box="[1304,1318,582,603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m, typically with 2 large lateral perforations mid-rod; tables and rosettes as in ventral body wall. Oral body wall with rosettes, tables, rods; tables similar to dorsal; rosettes frequently larger than dorsal ones, up to 56
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA77FFD46196ED2DD" box="[1041,1055,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long; rods same as in tentacles, up to 184
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA012FD251EFBD2E0" box="[892,906,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long. Anal body wall with rosettes, few tables, some rods; tables and rosettes as in ventral body wall; rods frequently with lateral branches, branches frequently joined to form lateral and terminal perforations, rods up to 88
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA6ECFCCD18E1D348" box="[1410,1424,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long, intergrade with rosettes. Tentacle rods up to 344
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA6ECFCB318E1D36E" box="[1410,1424,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long, frequently curved, thick to thin, coarsely or finely spinous, spines close or sparse, rare branches, with rare, mostly terminal perforations. Stone canal/madreporite ossicles massed irregular rods, some branched, some anastomosing to create perforations, some with an irregular, perforated mesh, up to 134
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA737FC031916D41E" box="[1113,1127,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long. Respiratory tree with numerous irregular rods, up to 160
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA7CFFBE619DED43D" box="[1185,1199,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m long, frequently with small node in middle of rod, and with branches at ends and node, variable in length and form, some branches joined to create terminal or lateral perforations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA03AFB6D1EB5D4ED" blockId="11.[814,1447,229,1248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Ossicles absent from tentacle ampullae, polian vesicles, gonad tubules, longitudinal muscles, circular muscles, and wall of cloaca.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA040FB0A18E4D5B0" blockId="11.[814,1445,1271,1469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA040FB0A1E05D501" box="[814,884,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Live colour (
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF337FFDDA77CFB0A191ED501" box="[1042,1135,1271,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
): black on pale yellow; with scattered, small, brown spots at papillae. Preserved colour: variable pattern of black over pale yellow; with small red-brown spots around papillae and tube feet, spots irregularly distributed all over body, such spots always associated with papillae or tubefeet;interiorbodywallwithscattered,superficial, irregular black spots, that are not associated with papillae or tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA040FA2E180FD5E4" blockId="11.[814,1406,1491,1513]" box="[814,1406,1491,1513]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA040FA2E1EDDD5E5" box="[814,940,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Off Point Cloates,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A71F87EF337FFDDA71BFA29185FD5E4" box="[1141,1326,1491,1513]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEB3FD15F337FFDDA656FA2E180FD5E4" box="[1336,1406,1491,1513]" count="100" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="1F4D9B79F337FFDDA656FA2E180BD5E4" box="[1336,1402,1491,1513]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA040F9FD182CD63E" blockId="11.[814,1444,1536,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA040F9FD1EEAD618" box="[814,923,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA720F9FD19F2D618" box="[1102,1155,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">niger</emphasis>
|
||
(black) and
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA669F9FD1835D618" box="[1287,1348,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">luteus</emphasis>
|
||
(yellow), referring to the black and yellow live colour (feminine).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF337FFDDA040F9B41862D76A" blockId="11.[814,1445,1609,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA040F9B41EF7D653" box="[814,902,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA7ABF9B41E12D670" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA7ABF9B41847D653" box="[1221,1334,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF337FFDDA62FF9B41E12D670" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="11" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 1089" refId="ref10803" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae. (ed. 12). Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1 (2): 1 - 1089." type="journal article" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and provisionally referred to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA65AF99A1EB5D694" authority="Pearson, 1914" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Halodeima">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA65AF99A18D5D671" box="[1332,1444,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF337FFDDA040F9781EB5D694" author="Pearson, J." box="[814,964,1668,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" pagination="163 - 172" refId="ref11380" refString="Pearson, J. 1914. Proposed reclassification of the genera Muelleria and Holothuria. Spolia zeylanica 9 (35): 163 - 172, pl. 26." type="journal article" year="1914">Pearson, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as diagnosed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF337FFDDA7EDF9781861D697" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1155,1296,1668,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref11551" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. 1969. A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 18 (4): 119 - 170." type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Samyn et al. (2005) suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA779F95C19F6D6BB" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" box="[1047,1159,1697,1718]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA779F95C19F6D6BB" box="[1047,1159,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might need to be raised to generic rank, but added that “revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA788F9421802D6D8" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1837" box="[1254,1395,1727,1749]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Holothuriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
will depend on further comparative taxonomic studies as well as on more detailed phylogenetic analyses before any of the changes proposed can be solidified into a new classification”. This work is progressing, and it remains premature to raise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF337FFDDA674F8C918FBD744" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" box="[1306,1418,1844,1865]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF337FFDDA674F8C918FBD744" box="[1306,1418,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="46">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to generic status or erect a new genus (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF330FFDAA3DCFF181C03D1F3" blockId="12.[140,771,229,684]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA21BFF181F06D0F7" authority="Pearson, 1914" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" box="[373,631,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA21BFF181C99D0F7" box="[373,488,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA282FF1B1F06D0F7" author="Pearson, J." box="[492,631,229,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="163 - 172" refId="ref11380" refString="Pearson, J. 1914. Proposed reclassification of the genera Muelleria and Holothuria. Spolia zeylanica 9 (35): 163 - 172, pl. 26." type="journal article" year="1914">Pearson, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA1FEFF181C49D11A" authority="Jager, 1833" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="1833" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA1FEFF181DC6D115" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Holothuria atra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA3A9FEFE1C49D11A" author="Jager, G. F." box="[199,312,258,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refId="ref10654" refString="Jager, G. F. 1833. De Holothuriis. Dissertatio Inauguralis. Turici. 40 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1833">Jäger, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by original designation).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA117FEFE1F89D115" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[633,760,258,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref11551" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. 1969. A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 18 (4): 119 - 170." type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the following species to constitute
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA1E7FEE21F8DD139" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" box="[649,764,287,308]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA1E7FEE21F8DD139" box="[649,764,287,308]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA3E2FEC11CE0D15F" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" box="[140,401,316,338]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA3E2FEC11C72D15C" box="[140,259,316,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA269FEC11CE0D15F" author="Semper, C." box="[263,401,316,338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11811" refString="Semper, C. 1868. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Holothurien. 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Erster Band, Holothurien Heft iv. and v. Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig. 288 pp. 40 pls." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA2F7FEC11F0FD15C" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[409,638,316,337]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA2F7FEC11C82D15C" box="[409,499,316,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA296FEC11F0FD15C" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[504,638,316,337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refId="ref10771" refString="Lesson, R. P. 1830. Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus. Levrault: Paris. 244 pp., 80 pls." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA1E8FEC11C5BD162" authority="Pourtales, 1851" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1851" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA1E8FEC11E73D15C" box="[646,770,316,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. floridana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA3E2FEA41C5BD162" author="Pourtales, L. F." box="[140,298,345,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="8 - 16" refId="ref11483" refString="Pourtales, L. F. 1851. On the Holothuriae of the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Pp. 8 - 16 in: Proceedings American Association Advancement Science, Fifth Meeting, Washington 1851." type="book chapter" year="1851">Pourtalés, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA25CFEA41F55D162" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[306,548,345,367]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA25CFEA41CE1D163" box="[306,400,345,366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA2F8FEA41F55D162" author="Selenka, E." box="[406,548,345,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="291 - 374" refId="ref11783" refString="Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zurAnatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17: 291 - 374., pls 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA143FEA41C6CD186" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kefersteini">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA143FEA41E72D163" box="[557,771,345,366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Stichopus kefersteini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA3E2FE881C6CD186" author="Selenka, E." box="[140,285,373,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="291 - 374" refId="ref11783" refString="Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zurAnatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17: 291 - 374., pls 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA247FE8B1F33D186" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[297,578,373,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA247FE8B1CDDD186" box="[297,428,374,395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA2DAFE881F33D186" author="Ludwig, H." box="[436,578,373,395]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref10831" refString="Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch- Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 118, pls 6, 7." type="book chapter" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA120FE8B1DCED1A5" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA120FE8B1FD5D187" box="[590,676,373,395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. pulla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA1C5FE881DCED1A5" author="Selenka, E." pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="291 - 374" refId="ref11783" refString="Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zurAnatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17: 291 - 374., pls 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA3A3FE6F1F2BD1A5" authority="Cherbonnier, 1964" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1964" box="[205,602,402,424]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA3A3FE6F1CF9D1AA" box="[205,392,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Halodeima stocki</emphasis>
|
||
Cherbonnier, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA107FE6E1E73D1A5" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[617,770,403,424]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11239" refString="Pawson, D. L. 1978. Echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences, No. 2. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington. 31 pp." type="book" year="1978">Pawson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA3A1FE4D1C3ED1C8" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="1978" box="[207,335,432,453]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="manningi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA3A1FE4D1C3ED1C8" box="[207,335,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. manningi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Samyn (2003),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA299FE4D1FFDD1C8" author="Pawson, D." box="[503,652,431,453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref11277" refString="Pawson, D. 1995. Echinoderms of the tropical island Pacific: status of their systematics and notes on their ecology and biogeography. Pp. 171 - 192 in: Maragos, J. E., Peterson, M. N. A., Eldredge, L. G., Bardach, J. E., and Takeuchi, H. F. (eds). Marine and Coastal Biodiversity in the Tropical Island Pacific Region. Volume 1. Species Systematics and Information Management Priorities. East-West Center, University of Hawaii: Honolulu." type="book chapter" year="1995">Pawson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA1D0FE521DB6D1EC" author="Paulay, G." pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref11175" refString="Paulay, G. 1989. Marine invertebrates of the Pitcairn Islands: species composition and biogeography of corals, molluscs, and echinoderms. Atoll Research Bulletin 326: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Paulay (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA3BDFE311C79D1EC" author="Paulay, G." box="[211,264,460,481]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="563 - 583" refId="ref11209" refString="Paulay, G. 2003. The Asteroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica 35 - 36: 563 - 583." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA2E3FE301FE3D1EF" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[397,658,460,482]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA2E3FE301C8AD1EF" box="[397,507,461,482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. signata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA16AFE311FE3D1EF" author="Ludwig, H." box="[516,658,460,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref10831" refString="Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch- Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 118, pls 6, 7." type="book chapter" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species of
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA399FE141C03D1F3" box="[247,370,489,510]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA399FE141C1FD1F3" authorityName="Pearson" authorityYear="1914" box="[247,366,489,510]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Halodeima</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF330FFDAA3DCFDFB19F5D1EF" blockId="12.[140,771,229,684]" lastBlockId="12.[808,1439,229,684]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Molecular data indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA2B6FDFB1F9BD216" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2007" box="[472,746,518,539]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigralutea" subGenus="Halodeima">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA2B6FDFB1F9BD216" box="[472,746,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. (Halodeima) nigralutea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA2E5FDDE1FBED235" authority="Lesson" authorityName="Lesson" box="[395,719,547,568]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis" subGenus="Halodeima">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA2E5FDDE1F0AD235" box="[395,635,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. (Halodeima) edulis</emphasis>
|
||
Lesson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), and the morphology of these species is closely similar. Distinguishing characters are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="95370327F330FFDAA14EFDA11F1CD27F" box="[544,621,604,626]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="7.[147,196,969,988]" captionText="Table 3. Characters distinguishing H. (Halodeima) nigralutea O’Loughlin sp. nov. and H. (Halodeima) edulis Lesson" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. In describing his new species
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA226FD871CAFD283" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[328,478,633,655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refId="ref10771" refString="Lesson, R. P. 1830. Centurie zoologique, ou choix d'animaux rares, nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus. Levrault: Paris. 244 pp., 80 pls." type="book" year="1830">Lesson (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred principally to its widespread commercial use, but he noted: cylindrical rounded thin slightly rugose sinuous form; ventral cover of irregularly distributed papillae; upper body deep sooty black colour; under body and sides pleasant red colour, speckled with black spots.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA000FEC11943D15F" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[878,1074,316,338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="396 - 401" refId="ref10239" refString="Cherbonnier, G. 1951. Les Holothuries de Lesson (2 nd Note). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris series 2, 23 (4): 396 - 401." type="journal article" year="1951">Cherbonnier (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave a more detailed description and illustrated the ossicles of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF330FFDAA7E3FEA4199AD162" box="[1165,1259,345,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA67DFEA41803D163" box="[1299,1394,345,366]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA67DFEA41803D163" box="[1299,1394,345,366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He noted it had 6 polian vesicles, ranging in size from large to very small. The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA739FE6E19C2D1AA" box="[1111,1203,402,424]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA739FE6E19C2D1AA" box="[1111,1203,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in this study are in accord with these features.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC244B6DF330FFDAA718FE5218EED1C8" author="Feral J. - P. & Cherbonnier, G." box="[1142,1439,431,453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" pagination="55 - 107" refId="ref10463" refString="Feral J. - P., and Cherbonnier, G. 1986. Les holothurides. Pp. 55 - 107 in: Guille A., Laboute P., and Menou, J. - L. (eds). Guide des etoiles de mer, oursins et autres echinoderms du lagon de Nouvelle- Caledonie. ORSTOM: Paris." type="book chapter" year="1986">Féral and Cherbonnier (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated live colour (p. 82 only).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D80A369CF330FFDAA020FE1419AFD2A1" blockId="12.[808,1439,229,684]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Both specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA749FE1719C7D1F3" authorityName="O'Loughlin" authorityYear="2007" box="[1063,1206,489,511]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigralutea">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA749FE1719C7D1F3" box="[1063,1206,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. nigralutea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have ossicles in the respiratory trees. No ossicles were encountered in the respiratory tree of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="070E883EF330FFDAA0FAFDDE1E81D234" box="[916,1008,547,569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA77FFDDE191AD235" box="[1041,1131,547,568]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA77FFDDE191AD235" box="[1041,1131,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ossicles were noted in only 1 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEB3FD15F330FFDAA026FDBD1EB6D258" box="[840,967,575,597]" count="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA09CFDBD1920D259" box="[1010,1105,575,597]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA09CFDBD1920D259" box="[1010,1105,575,597]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF330FFDAA798FDC21823D258" box="[1270,1362,575,597]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NMV F95095), as they were in a specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0A2760CF330FFDAA799FDA1185ED27F" box="[1271,1327,604,626]" name="Wake Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
Atoll (UF E4670) (GP). Presence or absence of respiratory tree ossicles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FB54D1FF330FFDAA046FD6A1EF2D2A6" box="[808,899,662,684]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC1EA8EF330FFDAA046FD6A1EF2D2A6" box="[808,899,662,684]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="47">H. edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a variable character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |