174 lines
18 KiB
XML
174 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="30372A0151911D72C3DB20B02C97D1EF" ID-CLB-Dataset="295355" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11066989" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4a111e7-e61a-437c-8be4-99dfa6f20262" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066989" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1714050787375" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Daniel, Thomas F." docDate="2018" docId="0F7687E01B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A13D041F" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.9.319-332.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.1:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Thunbergia Retz." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="F34FFF981B6FFF92D751FF8DA069002B" masterDocTitle="Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="319" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1714653973389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="012AF91D4516A86E82E3D5EB0C8065A3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B7347669B1048BAD16A4EC0E957F5687">
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<mods:title id="EA5FD8B677858EC9355D4359928C32A7">Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8EA421D85000923F58ABE9387D57D685" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C1AC38F1DBC041F5DBDDBA3FCD49C02A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F9B37D7119DB1A18ECACC10A5EEF20B4">Daniel, Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6CC494C149443C29818C777AC416801B">Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="994C4A2FB8758F7D48F33D51C1324C2A" type="email">tdaniel@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E57648B41793CCAB3BA1CA7E551B121E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C68E53B691CAC917C96FDC2E41CBC41D">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="150BFA2F9C6C669DF6F489ED0007D01E">
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<mods:date id="AE0DE8137CC770604E3B7A487CE90837">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD8F9326D648A23DDBF3FFBB186417A5">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="624F744E4623C6AE6C1D00E0D73C686A">64</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AF0A23578D670085CA3DABC284C2E0FF">9</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="432889C1EAF9188484DFB08913533A82" type="CLB-Dataset">295355</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="047935706A1CC5C17CBD3F047B0F0B53" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11066989</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8C3CF45557A1E383AA3CBFF90375E08" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F7687E01B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A13D041F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11104243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11104243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7687E01B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A13D041F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F7687E01B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A13D041F" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">
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<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A1050178" box="[171,364,315,339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="876036F61B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A1050178" blockId="9.[123,1174,219,1620]" box="[171,364,315,339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A1050178" ID-CoL="7WF4" authority="Retz." authorityName="Retz." box="[171,364,315,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A1010178" bold="true" box="[171,360,315,339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD7FAFEB6A1440178" bold="true" box="[171,301,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
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Retz
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</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B66FF9BD63AFEB1A13D041F" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" type="description">
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<paragraph id="876036F61B66FF9BD63AFEB1A1C00298" blockId="9.[123,1174,219,1620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">
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—
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD6C1FEB6A2620178" box="[400,523,315,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD6C1FEB6A2620178" box="[400,523,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consists of about 150 species that are native to tropical (and subtropical) regions of the Old World. Our approximate counts for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD41EFED1A4FF0158" authority="(Benth.) T. Anderson" authorityName="T. Anderson" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[847,1174,347,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD41EFED1A3C50158" box="[847,940,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. erecta</emphasis>
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(Benth.) T. Anderson
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD7D5FEF1A0F801B8" box="[132,145,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= ca. 30), native to western tropical Africa and for the white-flowered form of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD4AFFEF1A0D50198" authority="Roxb." authorityName="Roxb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD4AFFEF1A4FC01B8" box="[1022,1173,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. grandiflora</emphasis>
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Roxb.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD79BFE11A0BE0198" box="[202,215,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= ca. 28), native to southern Asia, generally agree with at least some prior counts for these species. Previously,
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD602FE31A10901F8" box="[339,352,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 28 has been reported for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD5D7FE31A37201F8" box="[646,795,443,467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD5D7FE31A37201F8" box="[646,795,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. grandiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at least six times and
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD357FE31A47A01F8" box="[1030,1043,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 14 (or ca. 14) has been reported twice (
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B66FF9BD6E1FE56A22E01D8" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[432,583,475,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" pagination="651 - 659" refId="ref8138" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 b. Chromosome numbers of some Acanthaceae from Papua New Guinea. Austrobaileya 5: 651 - 659." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000b</bibRefCitation>
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). In compiling previous counts for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD4EFFE51A47301D8" box="[958,1050,476,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD4EFFE51A47301D8" box="[958,1050,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(i.e.,
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD306FE51A40D01D8" box="[1111,1124,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 8, 14, 26, ca. 28, 28, 30, 31, and 32), Daniel and Chuang (1998) noted their own difficulties in obtaining definitive counts for this species. They concluded that if previous counts for it are accurate, a diversity of chromosome numbers and ploidal levels are characteristic of the species. Our approximate count of
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD64DFDD1A1400258" box="[284,297,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 32–34 for the Indian endemic
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD5DBFDD1A3940258" authority="(Wight) T. Anderson" authorityName="T. Anderson" baseAuthorityName="Wight" box="[650,1021,603,627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mysorensis">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD5DBFDD1A3720258" box="[650,795,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. mysorensis</emphasis>
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(Wight) T. Anderson
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</taxonomicName>
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is the first for this species, and would appear to represent a ploidal level similar to the majority of counts for both
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD72AFD11A0B10298" box="[123,216,668,691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD72AFD11A0B10298" box="[123,216,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD65DFD11A1CB0298" box="[268,418,667,691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD65DFD11A1CB0298" box="[268,418,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. grandiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876036F61B66FF9BD7FAFD36A13D041F" blockId="9.[123,1174,219,1620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">
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Chromosome numbers are known for 10 species of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD585FD36A32602F8" box="[724,847,699,723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD585FD36A32602F8" box="[724,847,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The lowest numbers reported to date are
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD7BEFD51A09502D8" box="[239,252,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 8 (e.g., Govindarajan and Subramanian 1983 for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD471FD51A31502D8" box="[800,892,732,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD471FD51A31502D8" box="[800,892,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD4C0FD51A3F702D8" box="[913,926,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 9 (at least 13 counts: e.g., Daniel and Chuang 1989 for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD6B4FD71A2BE0338" authority="Bojer ex Sims" authorityName="Sims" box="[485,727,763,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD6B4FD71A25E0338" box="[485,567,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. alata</emphasis>
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Bojer ex Sims
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</taxonomicName>
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, e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B66FF9BD447FD71A3E70338" author="GRANT, W. F." box="[790,910,763,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" pagination="121 - 150" refId="ref8594" refString="GRANT, W. F. 1955. A cytogenetic study of the Acanthaceae. Brittonia 8: 121 - 150." type="journal article" year="1955">Grant 1955</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD4EAFD71A0BD031F" authority="Hochst. ex Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulata">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD4EAFD71A4540338" box="[955,1085,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. reticulata</emphasis>
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Hochst. ex Nees
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD647FC91A14A0318" box="[278,291,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 10 (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B66FF9BD6F0FC96A246031F" author="SHARMA, A. K." box="[417,559,795,820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" refId="ref9487" refString="SHARMA, A. K. 1970. Annual report, 1967 - 1968. Research Bulletin [Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta]. [Not seen.]" type="book" year="1970">Sharma 1970</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD50CFC91A3720318" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[605,795,795,819]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD50CFC91A2BE0318" box="[605,727,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">T. coccinea</emphasis>
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Wall.
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</taxonomicName>
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). Multiples of
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD4E8FC91A3AF0318" box="[953,966,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 8 and
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD376FC91A45D0318" box="[1063,1076,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">n</emphasis>
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= 10 are known among species of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD6CDFCB6A27E0378" box="[412,535,827,851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD6CDFCB6A27E0378" box="[412,535,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and these numbers may represent basic numbers in the genus. Daniel and Chuang (1998) proposed the former as a likely basic number. Unfortunately, chromosome numbers remain unknown for the two most likely generic relatives in subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD72AFC11A15B039F" box="[123,306,924,948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thunbergioideae">Thunbergioideae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD66CFC11A27B039F" authority="Radlk." authorityName="Radlk." box="[317,530,924,948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Pseudocalyx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD66CFC11A1AD039F" box="[317,452,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Pseudocalyx</emphasis>
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Radlk.
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD516FC11A3410398" authority="Nees. From" authorityName="Nees. From" box="[583,808,924,947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Meyenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD516FC11A2CA0398" box="[583,675,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Meyenia</emphasis>
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Nees. From
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</taxonomicName>
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the diversity of numbers reported for the 10 species of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD63BFC31A18C03FF" box="[362,485,956,980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD63BFC31A18C03FF" box="[362,485,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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studied to date, and considering the variation apparent within some species, it would appear that whatever the ancestral basic number is for this large genus, knowledge of chromosome numbers could be informative in phylogenetic studies of both
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B66FF9BD363FC71A0F40418" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Thunbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B66FF9BD363FC71A0F40418" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="328">Thunbergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its relatives.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |