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<document id="0C756850DF1B5DB8D48096DB08949FA9" ID-CLB-Dataset="29276" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf8a3c92-77d6-425b-83ef-f1ab58df49db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1446689" ID-ZooBank="923BFA38-A264-4E31-A606-10F7DE87B794" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538746913194" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chiu, Yung-Chieh, Shao, Kwang-Tsao, Huang, Shih-Pin &amp; Chen, Hong-Ming" docDate="2018" docId="03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4454.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4454 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lamnostoma taiwanense Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FF83FFADFFABFFAC632AFFB1FFC3FFD8" masterDocTitle="The freshwater snake eel genus Lamnostoma (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) in Taiwan, with description of a new species" updateTime="1698565522326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CB161BD82545C53CC4774748D22A38B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="11326A5555BFED4FC817DAAA5BD516A7">The freshwater snake eel genus Lamnostoma (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) in Taiwan, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="652E88EA1FDCB27BAE996423454CF11A">Chiu, Yung-Chieh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="479CFD2C9CA3D1341F5313DCAF2EE9FB">Shao, Kwang-Tsao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1885FDC4FE8E96A20D899BA25FEA620B">Huang, Shih-Pin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26DDD5CC1C2B93562356D60F1BA8069D">Chen, Hong-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="95AD33AF125DC9F68F7BE190F023F964">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C842C3F003C80778C294F02685F7B163">
<mods:date id="A7E1C23B5F035B5DD9AB0F3A98AF5DF8">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1E3A910F8B901EF48026E46375824946">2018-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C89532E31E51732FE643998EE838E0F6">4454</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="61BDC3BDDE05A4337669046641B59648" type="CLB-Dataset">29276</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="57A4D3F507F9DBBB8A1A69E4441B303C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5967661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148639668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5967661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B" lastPageId="9" pageId="7">
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63BDFE03FEFCFE29" pageId="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63BDFE03FCF6FE14" blockId="7.[151,821,434,566]" box="[151,821,434,460]" pageId="7">
<heading id="D0E481AFFFACFFAB63BDFE03FCF6FE14" bold="true" box="[151,821,434,460]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63BDFE03FCF6FE14" bold="true" box="[151,821,434,460]" pageId="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB63BDFE03FE00FE14" authority="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen, 2018" authorityName="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,451,434,460]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63BDFE03FE00FE14" bold="true" box="[151,451,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="7">Lamnostoma taiwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AAFFACFFAB62E0FE03FDEBFE14" box="[458,552,434,460]" pageId="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Chiu, Huang &amp; Shao
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63BDFE6DFEFCFE29" blockId="7.[151,821,434,566]" box="[151,319,473,497]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63BDFE6DFEFCFE29" bold="true" box="[151,319,473,497]" pageId="7">¤ wmẘü</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63BDFE48FD6EFDEE" pageId="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63BDFE48FDDFFDCA" blockId="7.[151,821,434,566]" box="[151,540,505,530]" pageId="7">Common name: Taiwan Snake Eel</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63BDFDACFD6EFDEE" blockId="7.[151,821,434,566]" box="[151,685,541,566]" pageId="7">
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB63BDFDACFE86FDEE" box="[151,325,541,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[368,1219,340,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[366,1221,340,1851]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Lateral view of the whole body. B. Left view of head. C. Top view of head. Bar = 10 mm. Abbreviation: DFO, dorsal fin origin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446699/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figures 5A5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB627BFDACFE67FDEE" box="[337,420,541,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,906,928]" captionTargetBox="[331,1252,197,843]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[348,1257,193,559]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Lateral view of head showing the arrangement of cephalic pores. B. Illustration of dentition. Abbreviation: F, frontal pore; ST, supratemporal pores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446701/files/figure.png" pageId="7">6A6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB629AFDAFFE10FDEE" box="[432,467,542,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[359,1225,193,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[359,1225,193,1056]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral view of head of three Lamnostoma species in this study. A. L. mindora. White spots forming a “Y”; B. L. polyophthalmum. Spots arranged in an arch, the two rows of spots not meeting posteriorly the lower very faint ventrally. C. L. taiwanense sp. nov. Lower spots on a series of hill-shaped papillae, all spots clearly defined." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446703/files/figure.png" pageId="7">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB62F4FDAFFE2DFDEE" box="[478,494,542,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[482,1111,1243,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[461,1141,1216,1953]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., paratype, ASIZP 74900, 323 mm TL. Dense-fine melanin along ventral side of body. Bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446705/files/figure.png" pageId="7">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB62D0FDAFFD8DFDEE" box="[506,590,542,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox="[582,1004,195,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[582,1004,195,1095]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Right side of lateral-line pores on head. B. Same tissue as A. cleared and stained. C. Lower row of white spots along the head on a series of hill-shaped papillae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446707/files/figure.png" pageId="7">9A9C</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6910378FFACFFAB6170FDACFD6EFDEE" box="[602,685,541,566]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[147,221,549,569]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (%) and counts for Lamnostoma species from Taiwan. Data source: a, specimens collected from Taiwan in this study; b, Chang &amp; Tsai, 2003; c, collected from Japan; d, data of holotype, BMNH1867.11.28.310; e, from Hatooka &amp; Yoshino, 1998." pageId="7">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63BDFDD4FE7CFD31" pageId="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63BDFDD4FCDFFD79" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9EFFACFFAB63BDFDD4FCDFFD79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265111" collectingDate="2014-07-02" collectorName="C. Hsu." country="Taiwan" location="Juan-wei" municipality="Yi-lan county" pageId="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63BDFDD4FEC8FDA6" bold="true" box="[151,267,613,638]" pageId="7">
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB63BDFDD4FEC5FDA6" box="[151,262,613,638]" pageId="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
TOU-AE 7152 (
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB62E7FDD4FDEEFDA5" box="[461,557,613,638]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="354.0">354 mm</quantity>
TL), mature female with ca. 1.0 mm egg diameter in belly,
<location id="8ECC6018FFACFFAB67CBFDD4FA8AFDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B:8ECC6018FFACFFAB67CBFDD4FA8AFDA6" box="[1249,1353,613,638]" country="Taiwan" municipality="Yi-lan county" name="Juan-wei" pageId="7">Juan-wei</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACB9FFACFFAB667CFDD4FF27FD7A" pageId="7">Yi-lan county</collectingMunicipality>
, northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFACFFAB62ABFD38FE15FD7A" box="[385,470,649,674]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EBFFACFFAB62CBFD38FD9CFD79" box="[481,607,649,674]" pageId="7" value="2014-07-02">
<date id="FFAD1003FFACFFAB62CBFD38FD9CFD79" box="[481,607,649,674]" pageId="7" value="2014-07-02">2 Jul. 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. N.-
<collectorName id="26E65315FFACFFAB61EDFD38FCDFFD79" box="[711,796,649,673]" pageId="7">C. Hsu.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFD1CFE7CFD31" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9EFFACFFAB63EDFD1CFE7CFD31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265119" collectingDate="2006-09-06" collectionCode="ASIZP" collectorName="C. Lee." country="Taiwan" location="Lan-yang River" municipality="Yi-lan county" pageId="7" specimenCode="ASIZP 74900" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDFD1CFEF8FD1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,685,710]" pageId="7">
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB63EDFD1CFEF5FD1E" box="[199,310,685,710]" pageId="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBB59EB8FFACFFAB6269FD1FFE1DFD1E" box="[323,478,686,710]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="7">ASIZP 74900</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB62C4FD1FFD8DFD1D" box="[494,590,686,710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="323.0">323 mm</quantity>
TL), sex unknown,
<location id="8ECC6018FFACFFAB601EFD1FFC24FD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87D5FFACFFA563BDFE03FDADFB4B:8ECC6018FFACFFAB601EFD1FFC24FD1E" box="[820,999,685,710]" country="Taiwan" municipality="Yi-lan county" name="Lan-yang River" pageId="7">Lan-yang River</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACB9FFACFFAB60D9FD1CFB4DFD1E" box="[1011,1166,685,710]" pageId="7">Yi-lan county</collectingMunicipality>
, northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFACFFAB6607FD1CFA41FD1E" box="[1325,1410,685,710]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EBFFACFFAB66A4FD1CFEC9FD32" pageId="7" value="2006-09-06">
<date id="FFAD1003FFACFFAB66A4FD1CFEC9FD32" pageId="7" value="2006-09-06">6 Sep. 2006</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. S.-
<collectorName id="26E65315FFACFFAB6241FD60FE7CFD31" box="[363,447,721,745]" pageId="7">C. Lee.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63EDFD44FF09FC8D" pageId="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFD44FF09FC8D" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDFD44FDF5FCD6" bold="true" box="[199,566,757,782]" pageId="7">
Measurements of the
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB62E2FD44FDF2FCD6" box="[456,561,757,782]" pageId="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
TL
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB614FFD44FD06FCD5" box="[613,709,757,782]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="354.0">354 mm</quantity>
. HL
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB61D7FD44FC8EFCD5" box="[765,845,757,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
, PD length
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB60FBFD47FBE1FCD5" box="[977,1058,758,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
, TR
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6772FD44FB74FCD5" box="[1112,1207,757,782]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="152.0">152 mm</quantity>
, Tail
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB67DFFD44FA97FCD5" box="[1269,1364,757,782]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="168.0">168 mm</quantity>
, DGO
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB63BDFCA8FF3FFCE9" box="[151,252,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
, IOW
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6262FCA8FE63FCE9" box="[328,416,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
, UJ
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB62F9FCA8FDF9FCE9" box="[467,570,793,818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
, LJ
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6143FCA8FD13FCE9" box="[617,720,793,818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
, ED 2.0 mm,
<geoCoordinate id="EE275004FFACFFAB6047FCA8FC64FCEA" box="[877,935,793,818]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" precision="5555" value="-5.2">
S
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB60AEFCA8FC64FCEA" box="[900,935,793,818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
mm, ventral width between gill opening
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6653FCA8FF05FC8D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63EDFCD5FCE6FC30" pageId="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFCD5FCE6FC30" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDFCD5FE82FCA5" bold="true" box="[199,321,868,893]" pageId="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The 3rd POP present, arranged in a triangle; lower jaw with 4749 teeth; white spots on lateral sides of head forming parallel arches, not meeting posteriorly and lower arch clearly displayed each spot with a hillshaped papilla; others arranged along lateral-line and extending to tail tip with series of additional non-pore spots above lateral-line each separated by 56 lateral-line pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63EDFC45FD1EF941" pageId="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFC45FCA5FBA3" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDFC45FE9AFBD5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1012,1037]" pageId="7">Description.</emphasis>
Head cylindrical, uncompressed; Snout relatively long, sharp, with lip present. Eye situated above middle of upper jaw. Posterior margin of anterior nostril and anterior end of posterior nostril with slender labial papilla; posterior nostril situated within midpoint of 1
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB606FFB8AFC41FB8F" box="[837,898,1083,1111]" pageId="7" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
2nd IO pore and the posterior edge of eye. Gill opening wide, ventral, anterior duplicate gill membrane present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFB37FEBDFAD4" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">Body moderately stout. Tail slightly shorter than body, comparatively stout relative to other congeners. Vent placed after midpoint of body. HL 9.910.2% TL, TR 42.142.9 % TL, tail 47.547.7% TL; distance between dorsal fin origin and gill opening about 30.334.3% HL, ventral width between gill opening 8.09.1% HL. All fins low, pale, unspotted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFAA7FE1CFAAF" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">
Teeth on both jaws uniserial, sharp, recurved, conical and pointed: teeth on intermaxilla (5) and vomer (
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6648FAA6FA5FFAF7" box="[1378,1436,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="7" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB63BDFA8AFF3AFA8C" box="[151,249,1339,1364]" pageId="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6218FA8AFEAEFA8C" box="[306,365,1339,1364]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="7" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB625FFA8AFE14FA8B" box="[373,471,1339,1363]" pageId="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) bigger than others, teeth on maxilla 4150 on each side, and 4749 on each side of lower jaw, strongly recurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFA32FEC1FA67" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">Cephalic pores: SO 1 + 4, IO 4 + 2, POM 4 + 3, ST 3, F 1. Lateral-line pores: PGLL 10, PDLL 15, PALL 65, TLL 129.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFA7AFC19FA3B" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" box="[199,986,1483,1508]" pageId="7">Vertebral counts: 14 before dorsal fin origin, 64 before vent, total 138.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDFA40FE34F9AE" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" pageId="7">Coloration: deep brownish dorsally, becoming whitish below rictus, the 2nd row of white spots (lower one on the head) distinct; lateral white spots on head with series of hill-shaped papilla, and clearly displayed completely; numerous white spots, one on each lateral-line pore, with additional spots above lateral-line each separated by 56 pores along full length of body.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDF930FD1EF941" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" box="[199,733,1665,1690]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDF930FF3DF942" bold="true" box="[199,254,1665,1690]" pageId="7">Size.</emphasis>
The maximum size attains to
<quantity id="4CEB9B26FFACFFAB6165F930FD6FF941" box="[591,684,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="354.0">354 mm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63EDF914FC01F966" box="[199,962,1701,1726]" pageId="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDF914FC01F966" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" box="[199,962,1701,1726]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDF914FE8DF966" bold="true" box="[199,334,1701,1726]" pageId="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name recognizes the
<typeStatus id="54A88861FFACFFAB61FAF917FCC3F966" box="[720,768,1702,1726]" pageId="7">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFACFFAB6042F914FC7DF966" box="[872,958,1701,1726]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFAB63EDF978FB4FF93A" box="[199,1164,1737,1762]" pageId="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFAB63EDF978FB4FF93A" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" box="[199,1164,1737,1762]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDF978FEA3F93A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1737,1762]" pageId="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the mouth of Lan-yang River in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFACFFAB6718F978FB4BF93A" box="[1074,1160,1737,1762]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096548FFACFFA563EDF95CFDADFB4B" lastPageId="9" pageId="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFACFFA463EDF95CFDD2FEC7" blockId="7.[151,1437,613,2014]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,287]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB63EDF95CFEF8F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1773,1798]" pageId="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
Compared with the five valid species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB605DF95FFBCBF8DD" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[887,1032,1774,1797]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB605DF95FFBCBF8DD" box="[887,1032,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7">Lamnostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB673FF95FFB72F8DD" authorityName="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1045,1201,1774,1797]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanense">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB673FF95FFB72F8DD" box="[1045,1201,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7">L. taiwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by having three preopercular pores, the third which is absent in all other congeners. This new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB6223F887FD9FF895" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[265,604,1845,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyophthalmum">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB6223F887FD9FF895" box="[265,604,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7">Lamnostoma polyophthalmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a similar combination of morphological features of that include the lateral-line, mean vertebral formula, and head coloration;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB6080F8EBFB0FF8A9" authorityName="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2018" box="[938,1228,1882,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanense">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB6080F8EBFB0FF8A9" box="[938,1228,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7">Lamnostoma taiwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFACFFAB66AFF8EBFE90F84D" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyophthalmum">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFACFFAB66AFF8EBFE90F84D" italics="true" pageId="7">L. polyophthalmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the third POP, a higher number of teeth on the lower jaw (4749), a slightly shorter tail, a longer snout in relation to the head length, and a concentration of dense fine melanin along the ventral side of the body from the lower jaw to the belly (
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFACFFAB616EF874FD64F806" box="[580,679,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[482,1111,1243,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[461,1141,1216,1953]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., paratype, ASIZP 74900, 323 mm TL. Dense-fine melanin along ventral side of body. Bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446705/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). The white spots on the lateral side of the head of the new species looks like a second row of lateral-line pores, however, the position of the true lateral-line, the lower row of white spots along the head are on a series of hill-shaped papillae which stain with alcian blue and alizarin red-S (
<figureCitation id="13282A46FFA3FFA4667BFF0DFF2EFF23" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox="[582,1004,195,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[582,1004,195,1095]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lamnostoma taiwanense sp. nov., holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Right side of lateral-line pores on head. B. Same tissue as A. cleared and stained. C. Lower row of white spots along the head on a series of hill-shaped papillae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446707/files/figure.png" pageId="8">Figure 9A9C</figureCitation>
). The presence of papillae coinciding with the 2nd row of lateral white spots may also be an important diagnostic morphological feature.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C664BFFA3FFA463BDF8E1FB83F85D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446699/files/figure.png" pageId="8" startId="8.[151,250,1872,1894]" targetBox="[368,1219,340,1851]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFA3FFA463BDF8E1FB83F85D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1872,1925]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA3FFA463BDF8E1FED7F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1872,1894]" pageId="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFA3FFA46231F8E3FDD4F8BE" authority="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen, 2018" authorityName="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,535,1873,1895]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA3FFA46231F8E3FDD4F8BE" box="[283,535,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8">Lamnostoma taiwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AAFFA3FFA46135F8E0FDB3F8BE" box="[543,624,1873,1894]" pageId="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA3FFA46135F8E0FDB3F8BE" bold="true" box="[543,624,1873,1894]" pageId="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Lateral view of the whole body. B. Left view of head. C. Top view of head. Bar = 10 mm. Abbreviation: DFO, dorsal fin origin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6C664BFFA2FFA563BDFC3BFAD4FC66" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446701/files/figure.png" pageId="9" startId="9.[151,250,906,928]" targetBox="[331,1252,197,843]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFA2FFA563BDFC3BFAD4FC66" blockId="9.[151,1436,906,958]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA563BDFC3BFED7FC47" bold="true" box="[151,276,906,928]" pageId="9">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D40FFA2FFA56237FC3AFDD9FC78" authority="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen, 2018" authorityName="Chiu &amp; Shao &amp; Huang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2018" box="[285,538,907,928]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Lamnostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA56237FC3AFDD9FC78" box="[285,538,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="9">Lamnostoma taiwanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AAFFA2FFA56108FC3BFDB7FC47" box="[546,628,906,927]" pageId="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA56108FC3BFDB7FC47" bold="true" box="[546,628,906,927]" pageId="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, TOU-AE 7152, 354 mm TL. A. Lateral view of head showing the arrangement of cephalic pores. B. Illustration of dentition. Abbreviation: F, frontal pore; ST, supratemporal pores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC36C3FFA2FFA563EDFC5AFDADFB4B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1003,1172]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA563EDFC5AFE8FFBDC" bold="true" box="[199,332,1003,1028]" pageId="9">Discussion.</emphasis>
The distribution of cephalic papillae is also a useful morphological feature for identifying gobies and sleepers (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B32FFA2FFA5621BFBA1FDCAFBF0" box="[305,521,1039,1064]" pageId="9" refId="ref6277" refString="Huang, S. - P., Chen, I. - S., Jang-Liaw, N. - H., Shao, K. - T., Yung, M. - N. (2016) Complete mitochondrial genome reveals a new phylogenetic perspective of brackish water goby Mugilogobius group (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Gobionellinae). Zoological Science, 33 (5), 566 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 150154" type="journal article">
Huang
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA562AFFBA1FE75FBFF" box="[389,438,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="9">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B32FFA2FFA5613FFBBEFD7BFBF0" box="[533,696,1039,1064]" pageId="9" refId="ref7070" refString="Nakabo, T. (2013) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Uol. II. Third Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 864 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book">Nakabo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Many species of fresh and brackish water fishes are included in the red data book of fish in
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFA2FFA562E4FB82FDE3FB94" box="[462,544,1075,1100]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B32FFA2FFA56104FB82FD35FB94" box="[558,758,1075,1100]" pageId="9" refId="ref5647" refString="Chen, I. - S., Tzeng, C. - S. &amp; Shao, K. - T. (2012) Red Data Book of Freshwater Fishes in Taiwan. Forestry Bureau, COA, Executive Yuan, Taipei, 242 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book">
Chen
<emphasis id="B967EAD1FFA2FFA56159FB85FD67FB93" box="[627,676,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, the complete taxonomic survey of freshwater eels is beneficial for understanding their diversity and distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F3047653FFA2FFA560B5FBE6FC37FBA8" box="[927,1012,1111,1136]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and it may be an important reference for future changes to the conservation act.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>