147 lines
16 KiB
XML
147 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="2DA3BAD7FA305F48AC2973605ABB0BAD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8074943" ID-ISSN="2754-9844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8074943" ID-ZooBank="BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1699388683108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Noyes, John Stuart" docDate="2023" docId="03BA87A7FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA29DFA92" docLanguage="en" docName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2.1-921.pdf" docOrigin="Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41.1:TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41" docStyleName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Encyrtidae , Trjapitzin 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF83FFDFFFD5FFA7FFE2BC24A610FFC5" masterDocTitle="ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)" masterLastPageNumber="921" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699637169064" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="22A0850E42E4E04379AE1C7A25706008">ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="02022D8BC55234D2A8E2D8042916EF6F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1A84BCD322552BEE1E4102940E3AD309">Noyes, John Stuart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="94077F6606ACFF6222BC1339D075AB21">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="23057B4F88176783E842ACA7A319F16C">Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C54035E011DB99DEBFF39CCE1DE1055A">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="ED8160AD929F3FE14B6455893CA4C506">Oxford, England</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="A718E55020EBDA627B292BEC6B23D6CC">2023-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="67C6521F00DB4D7120F88C9168C00E56">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="BB2FE7BA5F3A23A7932A59BECEF23490" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.8074943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F696D231D03E01EA03A47B92EDA0278C" type="ISSN">2754-9844</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87A7FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA29DFA92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA29DFA92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A7FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA29DFA92" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA575FD13" box="[476,869,702,726]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA575FD13" blockId="18.[476,869,702,726]" box="[476,869,702,726]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0E481DDFFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA575FD13" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[476,869,702,726]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FE3EBE9AA575FD13" bold="true" box="[476,869,702,726]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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CHARACTERS OF
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FD5EBE9AA575FD13" ID-CoL="9P4" ID-ENA="29051" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[700,869,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">ENCYRTIDAE</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFFC7FFB5FF57BED0A29DFA92" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57BED0A20BFCC9" blockId="18.[181,1051,756,780]" box="[181,1051,756,780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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Within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FEC4BED0A7BEFCC9" box="[294,430,756,780]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE3CBED0A45CFCC9" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[478,588,756,780]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by six major characters:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57BF0DA253FCB3" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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1. Head with dorsal tentorial arms reaching the frontovertex between the inner eye margin and torulus. This character state is present in almost all
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FD2BBF60A527FC99" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[713,823,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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and has been reported elsewhere only in
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FEE1BF7AA45AFCB2" authority="(Dzhanokmen, 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Dzhanokmen" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[259,586,862,887]" class="Insecta" family="Eunotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Eunotidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFC7FFB5FE95BF7AA453FCB2" author="Dzhanokmen, K. A." box="[375,579,862,887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="564 - 571" refId="ref648646" refString="Dzhanokmen, K. A. 2000. Phylogenetic relations between Palaearctic Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) subfamilies. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 79: 564 - 571. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="2000">Dzhanokmen, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. It may be a synapomorphy of these two families.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57BF5DA247FC69" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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2. Fore wing with a well-defined linea calva (see Terms and Measurements above). A true linea calva is known only in
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE43BFB0A401FC69" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[417,529,916,940]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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, many Aphelininae (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FD00BFB0A571FC69" box="[738,865,916,940]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
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) and a few
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC35BFB0A243FC69" box="[983,1107,916,940]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57BF8BA233FBD3" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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3. Mesopleuron convex and not divided obliquely into separate parts. This character is characteristic of jumping taxa inlcuding
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FDBBBFEDA4D9FC24" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[601,713,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FD36BFEDA599FC24" box="[724,905,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanaostigmatidae</taxonomicName>
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, some
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC31BFEDA25CFC24" box="[979,1100,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
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and a few
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FF00BFC0A771FC39" box="[226,353,996,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
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, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE75BFC0A412FC39" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1852" box="[407,514,996,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FE75BFC0A412FC39" box="[407,514,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Coccobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Other
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FDB2BFC0A4DCFC39" box="[592,716,996,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
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have the mesopleuron somewhat similar in appearance, but have an indistinct, posterior, transverse division, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC94BFDBA20DFBD2" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1915" box="[886,1053,1023,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Eutrichosomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FC94BFDBA20DFBD2" box="[886,1053,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Eutrichosomella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57B83DA7F7FB89" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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4. Mid coxa inserted level with mid-line of mesopleuron. So far as it is known, this is an autapomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE90B810A7F3FB89" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[370,483,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57B86AA726FB72" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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5. Cerci advanced towards anterior of gaster, sometimes even into anterior half. This character state is present in all
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE68B84DA7E8FB44" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[394,504,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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except two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FD21B84EA52CFB44" authorityName="Sugonyaev & Tryapitzyn" authorityYear="1974" box="[707,828,1130,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Oriencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FD21B84EA52CFB44" box="[707,828,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Oriencyrtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC8FB84DA5B8FB44" authorityName="Noyes & Woolley" authorityYear="1994" box="[877,936,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Oesol" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FC8FB84DA5B8FB44" box="[877,936,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Oesol</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Some representatives of other families may have the cerci slightly advanced, but never so strongly, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC04B8A0A272FB59" box="[998,1122,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FF57B8BBA721FB72" box="[181,305,1183,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFC7FFB5FF57B89DA29DFA92" blockId="18.[181,1165,809,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
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6. Outer plates of the ovipositor completely separated from tergite IX of abdomen (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FBF6B89DA295FB14" box="[1044,1157,1209,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
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) or connected by an elongate sclerotised strip (paratergite) (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FCEFB8F0A5B8FB29" box="[781,936,1236,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
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). Both features almost certainly result from advancement of the cerci. Outside the
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FCE8B8CBA568FAC2" authorityName=", Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1989" box="[778,888,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
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there are no taxa where the outer plates of the ovipositor are completely separated from abdominal tergite IX. However, in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FF13B900A76BFAF9" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[241,379,1316,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFC7FFB5FF13B900A76BFAF9" box="[241,379,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Coccophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FE6BB900A418FAF9" box="[393,520,1316,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
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) the cerci may be slightly advanced and the connection may be very weak via a very narrow filamentous strip, similar to the paratergites of some
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFC7FFB5FC13B91BA299FA92" box="[1009,1161,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |