229 lines
29 KiB
XML
229 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="C85566B9AB5385CECD6A618172032F81" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8074943" ID-ISSN="2754-9844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8074943" ID-ZooBank="BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1699388683108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Noyes, John Stuart" docDate="2023" docId="03BA87A7FF84FFF4FE5AB843A4A8FED4" docLanguage="en" docName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2.1-921.pdf" docOrigin="Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41.1:TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41" docStyleName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Caenohomalopoda Tachikawa 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FF83FFDFFFD5FFA7FFE2BC24A610FFC5" masterDocTitle="ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)" masterLastPageNumber="921" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1699637169064" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="AEAC2E1541D19AE54DEAE63E6CD16287">ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC32CA429D2A400138888E403D8752C0">Noyes, John Stuart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B838F4808C009098971791D458C99C3">Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5209C833D53755769B451361AEDE8DDC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="B70BEF73777513491D9141AA271FB781">Oxford, England</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BA87A7FF84FFF4FE5AB843A4A8FED4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FF84FFF4FE5AB843A4A8FED4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A7FF84FFF4FE5AB843A4A8FED4" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF84FFF6FE5AB843A599FBBA" box="[440,905,1127,1151]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF6FE5AB843A599FBBA" blockId="81.[440,905,1127,1151]" box="[440,905,1127,1151]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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<heading id="D0E481DDFF84FFF6FE5AB843A599FBBA" bold="true" box="[440,905,1127,1151]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF84FFF6FE5AB843A599FBBA" bold="true" box="[440,905,1127,1151]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF84FFF6FDE1B843A599FBBA" ID-CoL="62JHS" ID-ENA="1981277" authority="Tachikawa" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[515,905,1127,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF84FFF6FDE1B843A51EFBBA" bold="true" box="[515,782,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">CAENOHOMALOPODA</emphasis>
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Tachikawa
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF84FFF6FF57B8B8A47CFB0A" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF6FF57B8B8A47CFB0A" blockId="81.[181,637,1180,1231]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB03119FFF84FFF6FF57B8B8A47CFB0A" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FF84FFF6FF57B8B8A468FB71" author="Tachikawa, T." box="[181,632,1180,1204]" page="169" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" year="1979">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF84FFF6FF57B8B8A468FB71" ID-CoL="62JHS" authority="Tachikawa, 1979: 169" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1979" box="[181,632,1180,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF84FFF6FF57B8B8A766FB71" box="[181,374,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF84FFF6FE6EB8B8A468FB71" author="Tachikawa, T." box="[396,632,1180,1204]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" pagination="163 - 170" refId="ref657166" refString="Tachikawa, T. 1979. A revision of the genus Pseudohomalopoda Girault with the description of a new genus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea - Encyrtidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 14 (3 / 4): 163 - 170." type="journal article" year="1979">Tachikawa, 1979:169</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Tachikawa, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF84FFF5FD70B8B9A4D8FC39" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF6FD70B8B9A29CFB71" blockId="81.[658,708,1181,1205]" box="[658,1164,1180,1205]" lastBlockId="81.[1036,1164,1180,1204]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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<typeStatus id="54A88813FF84FFF6FD70B8B9A4D4FB70" box="[658,708,1181,1205]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF84FFF6FCDBB8B8A29CFB71" box="[825,1164,1180,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudhomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shikokuensis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF84FFF6FCDBB8B8A29CFB71" box="[825,1164,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">Pseudhomalopoda shikokuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF6FF57B8C8A419FAC1" blockId="81.[181,1165,1260,1685]" box="[181,521,1260,1284]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">
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Female. Length about
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<quantity id="4CEB9B54FF84FFF6FE7BB8C8A419FAC1" box="[409,521,1260,1284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="81" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.1">1.1-1.6mm</quantity>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF6FF39B923A52DFA60" blockId="81.[181,1165,1260,1685]" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">Body slightly dorsoventrally flattened, generally dark with a metallic sheen, head largely dark blue or dark green mixed with a purple, coppery or brassy sheen; thorax green, blue-green, coppery, purple and brassy; antenna brown; palpi white; coxae brown; legs otherwise mostly dark brown, with tarsi, base of mid femur and most of mid tibia white or very pale yellow; wings infuscate with a radial pattern of hyaline areas, venation mostly brown; gaster with a metallic green, blue or purple sheen with brassy and coppery reflections.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF84FFF5FF39B983A770FED4" blockId="81.[181,1165,1260,1685]" lastBlockId="82.[181,1165,222,753]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="81" pageNumber="80">Head about 3.0X as wide as frontovertex, triangular in profile with frontovertex moderately flat, forming an angle about 60° with face at top of scrobes; occipital margin rounded, a conspicuous long scale-like seta present on margin behind each posterior ocellus; posterior ocellus separated from occipital margin by about 2X its own diameter; ocelli forming an angle of about 90°; frontovertex with relatively deep, punctiform, polygonally reticulate sculpture; antenna with scape triangular, broadened and flattened, about 2.4-2.8X as long as broad; funicle 4-segmented, segments strongly transverse to hardly longer than broad; clava nearly as long as funicle or longer, 3-segmented, sutures parallel, apically pointed or rounded, sensory area at apex only; eye slightly overreaching occipital margin, clothed with inconspicuous short setae; malar sulcus absent; mandible with four, unequal teeth. lowest tooth longest, and a distinct ventral peg; palp formula 4-3</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF39BD30A7F6FD43" blockId="82.[181,1165,222,753]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Thorax with pronotum broadly exposed behind head, subtriangular in dorsal view, posterior margin weakly concave; pronotum and mesoscutum with imbricate-reticulate to polygonally reticulate sculpture; mesoscutum quite flat; scutellum convex, dorsally with a triangular flat area, this area with punctate-reticulate sculpture much deeper than sculpture on mesoscutum, side and apex broadly, completely smooth and shiny; scutellum about 1.3X as broad as long, apex with a pair of erect scale-like setae; fore wing about 3X as long as broad; costal cell ventrally with a single complete line of setae and dorsally with a line of setae in its apical one-third or so; submarginal vein with a subapical hyaline break, parastigma slightly swollen, without a single, longer erect seta; marginal vein about 3X as long as broad, about 5X as long as postmarginal vein and 2X as long as stigmal vein; linea calva interrupted by 1 or 2 lines of setae; filum spinosum present as a line of 5 slightly stouter setae; mesopleuron posteriorly more or less reaching level with posterior margin of propodeum; propodeum short, at most a single seta outside spiracle and some irregular linear sculpture in lateral one-third of dorsal part of propodeum extending posteriorly as troughs and ridges towards hind coxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF39BEADA495FD34" blockId="82.[181,1165,222,753]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Gaster with hypopygium reaching about half way to two-thirds towards apex, transverse, subrectangular, posterior margin medially invaginate; syntergum slightly longer than mid tibia, with apex angular; ovipositor slightly exserted 0.1-0.3X as long as gaster, nearly 2X as long as mid tibia and about 4X as long as gonostylus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF57BF2BA7E9FCE2" blockId="82.[181,1164,783,1020]" box="[181,505,783,807]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FF57BF2BA6F9FCE2" box="[181,233,783,807]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Male</emphasis>
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. Length about 0.7-1.0mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF39BF0DA4D8FC39" blockId="82.[181,1164,783,1020]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Generally very similar to female but for structure of antenna or genitalia, frontovertex about half head width; flagellum mostly white or very pale yellow, F1 sometimes dusky, apex of clava often dark brown; antenna with scape slightly broadened, about 3.5X as long as broad, pedicel about 1.5X as long as broad, funicle 2-segmented, both segments much longer than broad; clava very long, about 6-7X as long as broad and from slightly longer than pedicel and funicle combined to only about as long as F1, apex pointed, with a short finger-like projection; flagellum clothed in setae that are a little less than 0.5X diameter of segments; fore wing hyaline and with postmarginal vein about as long as stigmal vein or slightly longer.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF87FFF5FF57B83DA48CFB89" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF57B83DA48CFB89" blockId="82.[181,1164,1049,1100]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">
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DISTRIBUTION.
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FE99B83DA7A2FBF4" box="[379,434,1049,1073]" name="India" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FE5EB83DA404FBF4" box="[444,532,1049,1073]" name="Vietnam" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FDC2B83DA44FFBF4" box="[544,607,1049,1073]" name="China" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FD88B83DA4FCFBF4" box="[618,748,1049,1073]" name="South Korea" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FD15B83EA523FBF4" box="[759,819,1050,1073]" name="Japan" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FCDCB83DA5B3FBF4" box="[830,931,1049,1073]" name="Indonesia" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FC4CB83DA5FEFBF4" box="[942,1006,1049,1073]" name="Guam" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Guam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF87FFF5FC18B83DA23BFBF4" box="[1018,1067,1049,1073]" name="United States of America" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FF87FFF5FBDBB83DA295FBF4" box="[1081,1157,1049,1073]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF87FFF5FF5FB810A72FFB89" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[189,319,1076,1100]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" refId="ref654251" refString="Noyes, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids" type="url" year="2019">Noyes, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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) and central America (see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF87FFF5FF57B84DA442FB14" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF57B84DA442FB14" blockId="82.[181,1165,1129,1233]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">
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HOSTS. Parasitoids of diaspidids associated with bamboo, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FCDCB84DA29CFB44" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[830,1164,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Froggattiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FCDCB84DA226FB44" box="[830,1078,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Froggattiella penicillata</emphasis>
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(Green)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FF03B8A0A409FB59" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[225,537,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FF03B8A0A78CFB59" box="[225,412,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Odonaspis secreta</emphasis>
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(Cockerell)
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</taxonomicName>
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, (
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FDC9B8A0A48CFB59" box="[555,668,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD47B8A0A530FB59" box="[677,800,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
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) (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF87FFF5FCBFB8A0A5F2FB59" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[861,994,1156,1180]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" refId="ref654251" refString="Noyes, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids" type="url" year="2019">Noyes, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). A record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FB97B8A0A7ABFB72" authority="(Tachikawa)" baseAuthorityName="Tachikawa" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudhomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shikokuensis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FB97B8A0A725FB72" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">C. shikokuensis</emphasis>
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(Tachikawa)
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</taxonomicName>
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as a parasitoid of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD98B8BBA56AFB72" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[634,890,1183,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FD98B8BBA51AFB72" box="[634,778,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Pseudococcus</emphasis>
|
|
Westwood
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is probably erroneous and needs to be confirmed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF87FFF5FE40B89DA456FB14" author="Ge, S. C. & Shi, Z. Y." box="[418,582,1209,1233]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" pagination="55 - 57" refId="ref649427" refString="Ge, S. C. & Shi, Z. Y. 1995. Two records of the Encyrtidae family from China (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Henanensis 29 (1): 55 - 57." type="journal article" year="1995">Ge & Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF87FFF4FF57B8CBA4A8FED4" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF5FF57B8CBA209F9A4" blockId="82.[181,1165,1263,1633]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">
|
|
COMMENTS.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FEB2B8CBA401FAC2" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[336,529,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FEB2B8CBA401FAC2" box="[336,529,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closest to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD69B8CBA565FAC2" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1910" box="[651,885,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Plagiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FD69B8CBA51CFAC2" box="[651,780,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Plagiomerus</emphasis>
|
|
Crawford
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FC9FB8CBA298FAC2" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1915" box="[893,1160,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudhomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FC9FB8CBA22AFAC2" box="[893,1082,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Pseudhomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
Girault
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FF3DB92EA7BFFAE4" authority="Gahan" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1927" box="[223,431,1289,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Spaniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FF3DB92EA775FAE4" box="[223,357,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Spaniopterus</emphasis>
|
|
Gahan
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, all four genera belonging to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD17B92DA592FAE4" box="[757,898,1289,1313]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Habrolepidini">Habrolepidini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and having a 4-segmented funicle. It differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FE7AB900A40EFAFE" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1927" box="[408,542,1316,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Spaniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FE7AB900A40EFAFE" box="[408,542,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Spaniopterus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having the clava 3-segmented and subcylindrical segments whereas in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FED5B91BA7ADFA93" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1927" box="[311,445,1343,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Spaniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FED5B91BA7ADFA93" box="[311,445,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Spaniopterus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the clava is 2-segmented and the flagellum is strongly flattened.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FF57B97DA762FAB4" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1915" box="[181,370,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudhomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FF57B97DA762FAB4" box="[181,370,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Pseudhomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is superficially the most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD30B97DA583FAB4" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[722,915,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FD30B97DA583FAB4" box="[722,915,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but can be distinguished by having the mandible with one tooth and a broad truncation, two pairs of scale like subapical setae on the scutellum and a relatively short pronotum that has a strongly emarginate posterior margin medially which, if the pronotum is measured along the mid-line, is not more than about one-eighth as long as the mesoscutum. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FD8BB9E0A53AFA19" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[617,810,1476,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FD8BB9E0A53AFA19" box="[617,810,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the mandible has four teeth, there are only one pair of scale-like setae on the scutellum and the pronotum is subtriangular with a weakly concave posterior margin which, if measured along the mid line is nearly half as long as the mesoscutum.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FE8ABA30A7F9F9E9" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1910" box="[360,489,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Plagiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FE8ABA30A7F9F9E9" box="[360,489,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Plagiomerus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has mandibles with four teeth as in
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FC80BA30A206F9E9" box="[866,1046,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenhomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
, but differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FF12BA0BA7A1F982" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[240,433,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FF12BA0BA7A1F982" box="[240,433,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having a short pronotum as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FCFEBA0BA5C9F982" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1915" box="[796,985,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Pseudhomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FCFEBA0BA5C9F982" box="[796,985,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Pseudhomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and hyaline fore wings, whereas in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF87FFF5FE90BA6DA423F9A4" authorityName="Tachikawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[370,563,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Caenohomalopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF87FFF5FE90BA6DA423F9A4" box="[370,563,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">Caenohomalopoda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the fore wings have a distinct infuscate pattern.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF87FFF4FF57BA5BA4A8FED4" blockId="82.[181,1164,1663,1687]" lastBlockId="83.[181,1164,222,273]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="82" pageNumber="81">
|
|
IDENTIFICATION. 12 World species: see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF87FFF5FD8CBA5BA558F952" author="Fatima, F. & Zeya, S. B." box="[622,840,1663,1687]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" pagination="247 - 269" refId="ref648828" refString="Fatima, F. & Zeya, S. B. 2022. Revision of Indian species of Caenohomalopoda Tachikawa (Hyenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zootaxa 5133 (2): 247 - 269." type="journal article" year="2022">Fatima & Zeya, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(8 Indian species);
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF87FFF5FBF3BA5BA29CF952" author="Singh, S." box="[1041,1164,1663,1687]" pageId="82" pageNumber="81" pagination="1613 - 1615" refId="ref656265" refString="Singh, S. 2004. A new species of Caenohomalopoda Tachikawa (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Mizoram, India. Zoos' Print Journal 19 (9): 1613 - 1615." type="journal article" year="2004">Singh, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(6 World species);
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF86FFF4FE91BCFAA446FF32" author="Tachikawa, T. & Paik, W. H. & Paik, J. C." box="[371,598,222,247]" pageId="83" pageNumber="82" pagination="183 - 186" refId="ref657245" refString="Tachikawa, T., Paik, W. H. & Paik, J. C. 1981, A new species of the genus Caenohomalopoda Tachikawa (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitic on Odonaspis secreta (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from Korea. Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 15 (3 - 4): 183 - 186." type="journal article" year="1981">Tachikawa et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(4 World species);
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF86FFF4FCFBBCFAA23DFF32" author="Trjapitzin, V. A. & Sharkov, A. V." box="[793,1069,222,247]" pageId="83" pageNumber="82" pagination="174 - 178" refId="ref658590" refString="Trjapitzin, V. A. & Sharkov, A. V. 1992. A new species of the genus Caenohomalopoda Tachikawa (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) from Vietnam. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Rossiskaya Akademiya Nauk. St. Petersburg. 245: 174 - 178. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Trjapitzin & Sharkov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(5 World species); Zhang & Huang, 2006 (8 World species).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |