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<document id="BB2A34C665972608A886918D92D60451" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8074943" ID-ISSN="2754-9844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8074943" ID-ZooBank="BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1699388683108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Noyes, John Stuart" docDate="2023" docId="03BA87A7FF4DFF3EFE45B810A21DFAE4" docLanguage="en" docName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2.1-921.pdf" docOrigin="Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41.1:TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41" docStyleName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cerapterocerus phragmitis Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FF83FFDFFFD5FFA7FFE2BC24A610FFC5" masterDocTitle="ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)" masterLastPageNumber="921" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1699637169064" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="54FC3B12E7EE506EA64DDBBBD780AAC7">ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BA87A7FF4DFF3EFE45B810A21DFAE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FF4DFF3EFE45B810A21DFAE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A7FF4DFF3EFE45B810A21DFAE4" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4DFF3FFE45B810A58BFB89" box="[423,923,1075,1100]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4DFF3FFE45B810A58BFB89" blockId="152.[423,923,1075,1127]" box="[423,923,1075,1100]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
<heading id="D0E481DDFF4DFF3FFE45B810A58BFB89" bold="true" box="[423,923,1075,1100]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4DFF3FFE45B810A58BFB89" ID-CoL="SJNC" authority="Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin" authorityName="Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1981" box="[423,923,1075,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Cerapterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4DFF3FFE45B810A4AEFB8E" bold="true" box="[423,702,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Cerapterocerus phragmitis</emphasis>
Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4DFF3FFE1BB86BA558FBA3" box="[505,840,1102,1127]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4DFF3FFE1BB86BA558FBA3" blockId="152.[423,923,1075,1127]" box="[505,840,1102,1127]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
(
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4DFF3FFDE2B86BA49CFBA2" box="[512,652,1103,1127]" captionStart-0="Figs 368-380" captionStart-1="Figs 381-395" captionStartId-0="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionStartId-1="764.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1163,227,1508]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@764.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId-0="763" captionTargetPageId-1="764" captionText-0="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." captionText-1="Figs 381-395. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (381) genitalia, G; (382) antenna, G; (383) fore wing, G. Helegonatopus pseudophanes – (384) mesosoma, dorsal view; (385) antenna; (386) apex of fore wing venation; (387) fore wing; (388) antenna, G; (389) hypopygium; (390) ovipositor; (391) genitalia, G. Mahencyrtus nitidus – (392) head, facial view; (393) mesosoma, dorsal view; (394) fore wing; (395) hypopygium." pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Figs 372-383</figureCitation>
; Hab. E 60, G 61)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A782FB72" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A782FB72" blockId="152.[181,1164,1156,1207]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB03119FFF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A782FB72" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A51CFB59" author="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A." box="[181,780,1156,1180]" page="13" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A51CFB59" ID-CoL="SJNC" authority="Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin, 1981: 9 - 13" authorityName="Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin" authorityPageNumber="9 - 13" authorityYear="1981" box="[181,780,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Cerapterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4DFF3FFF57B8A0A7D8FB59" box="[181,456,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Cerapterocerus phragmitis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFF4DFF3FFE2DB8A0A51CFB59" box="[463,780,1156,1180]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF4DFF3FFE2DB8A0A51CFB59" author="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A." box="[463,780,1156,1180]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref650210" refString="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A. 1981. Taxonomic studies of the Encyrtidae with the descriptions of new species and a new genus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 93: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1981">Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin, 1981:9-13</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="54A88813FF4DFF3FFCF5B8A0A565FB59" box="[791,885,1156,1180]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Holotype</typeStatus>
E,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4DFF3FFC7FB8A0A5DEFB59" box="[925,974,1156,1180]" name="United States of America" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">USA</collectingCountry>
(Florida), USNM, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4DFF3EFF57B8F0A726FD79" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="152" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4DFF3FFF57B8F0A29CF952" blockId="152.[181,1165,1236,1687]" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">
DIAGNOSIS.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4DFF3FFEB3B8F0A78DFB29" box="[337,413,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Female</emphasis>
(length about
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): head generally metallic green, blue-green and brassy with coppery and metallic blue areas, mouth margin sometimes orange; thorax with pronotum medially with a metallic green and blue-green sheen, mixed coppery, laterally and on sides mostly coppery; mesoscutum with middle one-third or so metallic green, laterally coppery mixed with some metallic blue and purple; tegula dark brown; axilla with a weak purple sheen; scutellum medially bright metallic green with a pair of sublateral, longitudinal, coppery stripes, side metallic green and blue-green; fore and mid coxa white, hind coxa brown; legs otherwise mostly white or very pale orange, mid femur with a subapical brown band, mid tibia with a subbasal brown band, hind femur mostly dark brown, hind tibia with a broad, subbasal brown band; fore wing with hyaline and infuscate pattern as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4DFF3FFD5BB9E0A559FA19" box="[697,841,1476,1500]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Figs 373, 375</figureCitation>
; hind wing hyaline; gaster dark brown with a metallic sheen; gonostylus dark brown with extreme apex pale orange; frontovertex (Fig, 377) with fine, conspicuous, transversely elongate, imbricate-reticulate sculpture; transfacial carina dorsally with a transverse line of translucent silvery setae between and below eyes; eye not reaching occipital margin, separated by about 1.5X diameter of facet, clothed with inconspicuous translucent setae that are each a little shorter than diameter of facet; antenna as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4DFF3FFC10BA6DA259F9A7" box="[1010,1097,1609,1634]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="152" pageNumber="151">Fig. 372</figureCitation>
; scape subtrapezoidal, about 1.7X as long as broad; pedicel and funicle about as wide as scape; clava about as long as funicle, apex strongly obliquely truncate, sensory area extending ventrally about
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57BCA6A6F3FF5A" blockId="153.[181,227,130,159]" box="[181,227,130,159]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<pageNumber id="BBB83D67FF4CFF3EFF57BCA6A6F3FF5A" ambiguity="8" box="[181,227,130,159]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" score="12" value="152">
<pageTitle id="CB8CEED6FF4CFF3EFF57BCA6A6F3FF5A" box="[181,227,130,159]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">152</pageTitle>
</pageNumber>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFEB5BCA4A5FBFF5D" blockId="153.[343,1003,128,152]" box="[343,1003,128,152]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<pageTitle id="CB8CEED6FF4CFF3EFEB5BCA4A5FBFF5D" box="[343,1003,128,152]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFD11BCA4A5C7FF5D" authority=", Volume" authorityName="Volume" box="[755,983,128,152]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera, Volume</taxonomicName>
2
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57BCFAA726FD79" blockId="153.[181,1165,222,700]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
0.6X length of clava; head about 3.1X as wide as frontovertex; frontovertex about 2.3X as long as broad; ocelli forming an angle of about 75°; mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFCCEBCDDA593FED4" box="[812,899,249,273]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 380</figureCitation>
) with sculpture similar to that on frontovertex, but slightly finer and more transversely striate; scutellum with very shallow polygonally reticulate sculpture similar to that on axilla but of larger mesh; axilla and scutellum more shiny than mesoscutum; wings shortened or fully developed; fully developed fore wing about 3.1-3.6X as long as broad, with venation and setation as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFCBFBD40A5FDFEB9" box="[861,1005,356,380]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Figs 373, 374</figureCitation>
, shortened fore wing (Fig, 375) not reaching apex of gaster, up to 5X as long as broad; gaster about as long as head and thorax combined, hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFDB9BDBDA4A1FE74" box="[603,689,409,433]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 378</figureCitation>
) reaching about 0.4X towards apex; ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFF5FBD90A703FE09" box="[189,275,436,460]" captionStart="Figs 368-380" captionStartId="763.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,226,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-10@763.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="763" captionText="Figs 368-380. Orixia sirus, HT – (368) head, facial view; (369) fore wing; (370) ovipositor. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (372) antenna; (373) fore wing, macropterous form; (374) apex of fore wing venation, macropterous form; (375) fore wing, brachypterous form; (376) ovipositor; (377) head, facial view; (378) hypopygium; (379) gastral tergites; (380) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 376</figureCitation>
) about 2.5X as long as mid tibia and about 3.5X as long as gonostylus, slightly exserted, the exserted part very nearly as long as mid tibial spur or 0.25X length mid tibia.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFBEABDEAA22CFE23" box="[1032,1084,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Male</emphasis>
(length about
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FF4CFF3EFF1ABDCDA754FDC4" box="[248,324,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
): generally similarly coloured to female but with a much less striking patter of colours; head metallic green mixed coppery; scape largely pale orange with dorsal margin slightly dusky, pedicel orange-brown, flagellum brown; frontovertex, in front of anterior ocellus, with very slightly transversely elongate, polygonally reticulate sculpture; antenna as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFBE0BE1DA248FD94" box="[1026,1112,569,593]" captionStart="Figs 381-395" captionStartId="764.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,227,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-9@764.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="764" captionText="Figs 381-395. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (381) genitalia, G; (382) antenna, G; (383) fore wing, G. Helegonatopus pseudophanes – (384) mesosoma, dorsal view; (385) antenna; (386) apex of fore wing venation; (387) fore wing; (388) antenna, G; (389) hypopygium; (390) ovipositor; (391) genitalia, G. Mahencyrtus nitidus – (392) head, facial view; (393) mesosoma, dorsal view; (394) fore wing; (395) hypopygium." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 382</figureCitation>
with scape about 2.3X as long as broad, funicle segments subcylindrical, each about 2X as long as broad and clothed in long setae, the longest of which is about 2X as long as diameter of segments; fore wing venation and setation as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFDCDBEADA497FD64" box="[559,647,649,673]" captionStart="Figs 381-395" captionStartId="764.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,227,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-9@764.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="764" captionText="Figs 381-395. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (381) genitalia, G; (382) antenna, G; (383) fore wing, G. Helegonatopus pseudophanes – (384) mesosoma, dorsal view; (385) antenna; (386) apex of fore wing venation; (387) fore wing; (388) antenna, G; (389) hypopygium; (390) ovipositor; (391) genitalia, G. Mahencyrtus nitidus – (392) head, facial view; (393) mesosoma, dorsal view; (394) fore wing; (395) hypopygium." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 383</figureCitation>
; phallobase (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFCE9BEADA571FD64" box="[779,865,649,673]" captionStart="Figs 381-395" captionStartId="764.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1163,227,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-9@764.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="764" captionText="Figs 381-395. Cerapterocerus phragmitis – (381) genitalia, G; (382) antenna, G; (383) fore wing, G. Helegonatopus pseudophanes – (384) mesosoma, dorsal view; (385) antenna; (386) apex of fore wing venation; (387) fore wing; (388) antenna, G; (389) hypopygium; (390) ovipositor; (391) genitalia, G. Mahencyrtus nitidus – (392) head, facial view; (393) mesosoma, dorsal view; (394) fore wing; (395) hypopygium." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 381</figureCitation>
) with a single apical tooth on each digitus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4CFF3EFF57BEFDA507FD34" box="[181,791,729,753]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57BEFDA507FD34" blockId="153.[181,791,729,753]" box="[181,791,729,753]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
DISTRIBUTION.
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4CFF3EFE91BEFDA7B4FD34" box="[371,420,729,753]" name="United States of America" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">USA</collectingCountry>
(Florida),
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4CFF3EFDF0BEFDA490FD34" box="[530,640,729,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFD6DBEFDA518FD34" bold="true" box="[655,776,729,753]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">new record</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4CFF3EFF57BF2BA7EBFCB2" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57BF2BA7EBFCB2" blockId="153.[181,1164,782,887]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
HOSTS. The
<typeStatus id="54A88813FF4CFF3EFEA9BF2BA767FCE2" box="[331,375,783,807]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
material was collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFD40BF2AA5D8FCE3" authority="Trin." authorityName="Trin." box="[674,968,782,806]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFD40BF2AA59AFCE3" box="[674,906,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Phragmites communis</emphasis>
Trin.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFC38BF2AA231FCE3" box="[986,1057,782,806]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Poales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFBD3BF2BA296FCE2" box="[1073,1158,783,807]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) infested with
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFEA7BF0DA432FC87" authority="Teague" authorityName="Teague" authorityYear="1925" box="[325,546,809,834]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Aclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holci">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFEA7BF0DA7C0FC84" box="[325,464,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Aclerda holci</emphasis>
Teague
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFDD0BF0DA4B3FC84" box="[562,675,809,833]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFD4FBF0DA50EFC84" box="[685,798,809,833]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF4CFF3EFCD6BF0DA255FC84" author="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A." box="[820,1093,809,833]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref650210" refString="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A. 1981. Taxonomic studies of the Encyrtidae with the descriptions of new species and a new genus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 93: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1981">Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin, 1981</bibRefCitation>
). It is likely the species is a hyperparasitoid of encyrtid primary parasitoids attacking aclerdids on reeds or tall grasses (
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFEACBF7BA785FCB2" box="[334,405,863,887]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Poales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFE7DBF7BA7E4FCB2" box="[415,500,863,887]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFF4CFF3EFF57BFB2A21DFAE4" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57BFB2A7BDFC6E" blockId="153.[181,1165,918,1126]" box="[181,429,918,939]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">MATERIAL EXAMINED.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF39BF94A559FBA3" blockId="153.[181,1165,918,1126]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFF39BF94A779FC03" bold="true" box="[219,361,944,966]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4CFF3EFF39BF94A779FC03" box="[219,361,944,966]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 1E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFE41BF94A404FC03" bold="true" box="[419,532,944,966]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FF4CFF3EFE41BF94A404FC03" box="[419,532,944,966]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Santa
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFDBDBF95A504FC03" authority="NP, Hacienda" authorityName="NP, Hacienda" box="[607,788,944,966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa NP, Hacienda</taxonomicName>
1-0,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFCABBF94A5AFFC03" box="[841,959,944,966]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="1986-03-02" valueMax="1986-03-23" valueMin="1986-03-02">2-23.iii.1986</date>
(Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFE8DBFEFA43CFC24" authority="NP, Hacienda" authorityName="NP, Hacienda" box="[367,556,971,993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa NP, Hacienda</taxonomicName>
1-0,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFD8BBFEFA4C3FC24" box="[617,723,971,993]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="1986-12-20">20.xii.1986</date>
-10.i.12987 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Santa
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFF0CBFC2A7BCFC3E" authority="NP, Sn. Emilio" authorityName="NP, Sn. Emilio" box="[238,428,997,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa NP, Sn. Emilio</taxonomicName>
8-C,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFE02BFC1A477FC3E" box="[480,615,997,1019]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="1987-01-31" valueMax="1987-02-21" valueMin="1987-01-31">31.i-21.ii.1987</date>
(Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, NW Volcan Orosi, Cerro el Hacha, 1988; 1E, Guanacaste,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFE1DB824A491FBD3" authority="(ACG)" baseAuthorityName="ACG" box="[511,641,1024,1046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">Cacao (ACG)</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FF4CFF3EFD6EB824A4DDFBD0" box="[652,717,1024,1045]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFD38B824A570FBD3" box="[730,864,1024,1046]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="1996-01-26" valueMax="1996-02-24" valueMin="1996-01-26">26.i-24.ii.1996</date>
(J.S. Noyes); 4E, Guanacaste, Murcielago (
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFECEB83FA770FBF4" box="[300,352,1051,1073]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">ACG</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFE90B83FA7FDFBF4" box="[370,493,1051,1073]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="1996-01-24" valueMax="1996-02-04" valueMin="1996-01-24">24.i-4.ii.1996</date>
(J. Ugalde); 1G, Guanacaste, Macizo Miravalles, Est. Cabro Muco,
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFB8CB83FA29CFBF5" box="[1134,1164,1051,1072]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">LN</collectionCode>
299769 411243,
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FF4CFF3EFEB0B812A783FB8E" box="[338,403,1078,1099]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
, #73635,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFE0DB811A425FB8E" box="[495,565,1077,1099]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="2003-03">iii.2003</date>
(J. Azofeifa); 1E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFD0BB811A527FB8E" bold="true" box="[745,823,1077,1099]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FF4CFF3EFD0BB811A527FB8E" box="[745,823,1077,1099]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Heredia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFCA6B811A56DFB8E" box="[836,893,1077,1099]" country="Costa Rica" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">INBio</collectionCode>
Parque,
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFC33B812A5FFFB8E" box="[977,1007,1078,1099]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">LN</collectionCode>
217300 526200,
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FF4CFF3EFF57B874A6E6FBA0" box="[181,246,1104,1125]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
, #62271,
<date id="FFAD1071FF4CFF3EFEACB874A79BFBA0" box="[334,395,1104,1125]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" value="2001-05">v.2001</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFE7AB874A7BAFBA0" box="[408,426,1104,1125]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">R</collectionCode>
. Zuñiga). Material in
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFD92B874A4D1FBA0" box="[624,705,1104,1125]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">MZUCR</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FF4CFF3EFD0EB875A555FBA3" box="[748,837,1105,1126]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FF4CFF3EFF57B8A0A21DFAE4" blockId="153.[181,1165,1156,1313]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">
COMMENTS. The
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4CFF3EFE63B8A0A7E0FB59" box="[385,496,1156,1180]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FF4CFF3EFD67B8A0A4E3FB59" authorityName="Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin" authorityYear="1981" box="[645,755,1156,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Cerapterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FF4CFF3EFD67B8A0A4E3FB59" box="[645,755,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">phragmitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agree well with the original description of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FF4CFF3EFE92B8BAA498FB72" author="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A." box="[368,648,1182,1207]" pageId="153" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref650210" refString="Gordh, G. &amp; Trjapitzin, V. A. 1981. Taxonomic studies of the Encyrtidae with the descriptions of new species and a new genus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 93: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1981">Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, but there are some differences that probably fall within the likely range of normal intraspecific variation. In
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FF4CFF3EFCECB89DA56CFB14" box="[782,892,1209,1233]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
females the mouth margin is orange, including adjacent parts of interantennal prominence and gena and the fore wing is 3.3- 3.6X as long as broad, whilst Gordh &amp; Trjapitzin describe the “malar space” as metallic green and the fully developed, macropterous fore wing (their
<figureCitation id="13282A34FF4CFF3EFD59B92DA4E8FAE4" box="[699,760,1289,1313]" captionStart="Figs 4-7" captionStartId="737.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[198,1157,270,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-10@737.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="737" captionText="Figs 4-7. Psyllaephagus alexion – (4) apex of fore wing venation; (5) fore wing; (6) Psyllaephagus creusa, ovipositor; (7) Protyndarichoides nigriceps, genitalia, G." pageId="153" pageNumber="152">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) is 3.14X as long as broad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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