1058 lines
127 KiB
XML
1058 lines
127 KiB
XML
<document id="CC949719ED46D3352F86D1AB72874D2C" ID-CLB-Dataset="5313" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1dabe90e-f864-4fad-8c0c-08cb810fd983" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920732" ID-ZooBank="8D9FB4C3-3BDF-4ED5-A573-24D946AFCA71" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623277703218" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stampar, Sérgio N., Morandini, André C. & Silveira, Fábio Lang Da" docDate="2014" docId="039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03827p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3827 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pachycerianthus schlenzae Stampar & Morandini & Silveira 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="7D2022C6-CE8E-4FC4-B54D-39ED0006FA7F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="351" masterDocId="FFA71877FFC36A2EFFFE9167FFA0FFA0" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pachycerianthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Ceriantharia) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="343" pageNumber="345" updateTime="1699008976924" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FAAC49092627E0F7B9A1D11D5B7ABC76">
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<mods:title id="16BC11BD728C0B1792120CC0288498A6">A new species of Pachycerianthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Ceriantharia) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E6DF6FCD184AD001EF76C4D2EBB3D28D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="35636786A7B2A8935A04F671BE159E9E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF7C68AE58C602BC5FBA04B5A380AA6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4E78860552501E8E1F17D161BA6A6AC5">Stampar, Sérgio N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="072090791162492B2554F7E5A9536E7B">Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, Assis, 19806 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32B743C3B8DBCE2B824D3289B0F5C570" type="email">stampar@assis.unesp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="696744EF2CA528B2D046A347B8D7DE24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="88748ECB81722A24D4C039379C088B9B">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="ADEB94B426FFD74476BF5C869CB10727" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1A618AC6D1860E4128944F5ACBB4459D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1CCD1556FCBBDDE5B952528936B04A08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BE5F6E85B303CCF079EF55F72A8A7241">Silveira, Fábio Lang Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DE1B8255F14F804855C1B7593007645B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9834A047D6EEB32C180A09B82C09CC1D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="55A04FEDE4390D2CF5B46A90F8014408">
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<mods:date id="8881E82D3C9EC5FFAA60B0B51BB48857">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F37563D92A493D7A834563FC13D6A078">2014-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3DAC4B8ED109F2E41803255E95CC6966">3827</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F5327E8D7F88A9501DE17572DC26ACB9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="522E0F746EB5F94CEB4894F7BD87EF1A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="92C5CCC6303A3ABB059538B5F66CD53C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587465" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183719385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587465" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D2022C6-CE8E-4FC4-B54D-39ED0006FA7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC16A2CFF699489FDE4F9A8" box="[151,580,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC16A2CFF699489FDE4F9A8" blockId="2.[151,580,1518,1578]" box="[151,580,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<heading id="D0C06675FFC16A2CFF699489FDE4F9A8" bold="true" box="[151,580,1518,1544]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF699489FDE4F9A8" bold="true" box="[151,580,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC16A2CFF699489FE7FF9A8" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,479,1518,1544]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF699489FE7FF9A8" bold="true" box="[151,479,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC16A2CFE189489FDE4F9A8" box="[486,580,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC16A2CFF699776FF58F98A" box="[151,248,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC16A2CFF699776FF58F98A" blockId="2.[151,580,1518,1578]" box="[151,248,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<figureCitation id="130CCD9CFFC16A2CFF699776FF58F98A" box="[151,248,1553,1578]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,895,917]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1412,195,1541]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1430,224,864]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1028,1828]" captionTargetId-0="figure-202@4.[174,1412,195,1541]" captionTargetId-1="figure-98@5.[151,1436,193,874]" captionTargetId-2="figure-107@5.[151,1436,1028,1828]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov.: A—Live specimen from Guarapari-ES (Holotype—MZUSP1949), B—Live specimens at Camamu Bay-BA, Image only (Image: Claudio Sampaio), C and D—Live specimen at Porto Seguro-BA, Image only (Images: Rodrigo Maia-Nogueira), E—General view of the mesentery just below the stomodeum (scale 1 cm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949), F—Detail of fertile mesenteries with many oocytes (scale 6 mm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Graphical representation of the arrangement of mesenteries of Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. Abbreviations: B—B-mesenteries, b—b-mesenteries, D—Directives, E—Stomodeum, M—M-mesenteries, m—m-mesenteries, M.C.—Multiplication chamber, S—Siphonoglyph, T.P.—Terminal pore." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. along the Brazilian coast. A—Bahia and Espirito Santo States in South American Map; B—Detail of Bahia (BA) and Espirito Santo (ES) States, the black circles correspond to specimens analyzed with the corresponding numbers presented in the "Material examined"." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920736" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920738" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920742" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4920736/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4920738/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4920742/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC16A2CFF69973EFF65F832" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC16A2CFF69973EFA29F936" blockId="2.[151,1437,1625,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF69973EFE2CF9D2" box="[151,396,1625,1650]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF69973EFEDAF9D2" bold="true" box="[151,378,1625,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Material examined</emphasis>
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(
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||
</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFE72973EFA29F936" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249304" collectingDate="2008-12-10" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="S. N. Stampar" country="Brazil" elevation="5" latitude="-20.727556" location="Espirito Santo state" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.521584" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCode="MZUSP 1949" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFE72973EFD88F9D2" box="[396,552,1625,1650]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" reason="1">
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<specimenCount id="9D311A90FFC16A2CFE72973EFDBDF9D2" box="[396,541,1625,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFDCE973EFD06F9D2" bold="true" box="[560,678,1625,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFC16A2CFDCE973EFD01F9D2" box="[560,673,1625,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB917962FFC16A2CFD50973EFCEFF9D2" box="[686,847,1625,1650]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">MZUSP 1949</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult specimen (
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||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFBE9973EFBFEF9D1" box="[1047,1118,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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long),
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<elevation id="001A362AFFC16A2CFB4F973EFA87F9D2" box="[1201,1319,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFB4F973EFB7EF9D1" box="[1201,1246,1625,1650]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, Guaibura Beach (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFF12971AFE21F936" box="[236,385,1661,1686]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="39.2" value="-20.727556">20°43'39.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFE76971AFD8BF936" box="[392,555,1661,1686]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="17.7" value="-40.521584">40°31'17.7"W</geoCoordinate>
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), Guarapari,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC16A2CFD43971AFC39F935" box="[701,921,1661,1686]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC16A2CFC5B971AFC4CF936" box="[933,1004,1661,1686]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFC09971AFB2DF936" box="[1015,1165,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">S.N. Stampar</collectorName>
|
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coll. (
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<date id="FF89F7D9FFC16A2CFB2D971AFAF6F936" box="[1235,1366,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2008-12-10">
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<collectingDate id="EFCD0E31FFC16A2CFB2D971AFAF6F936" box="[1235,1366,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2008-12-10">10/12/2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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) (
|
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFA90971AFAD9F936" bold="true" box="[1390,1401,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">I</emphasis>
|
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC16A2CFF6997C6FF65F832" blockId="2.[151,1437,1625,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFF6997C6FE11F91A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249307" box="[151,433,1697,1722]" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCode="MNRJ 2852" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF6997C6FEB8F91A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1697,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
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<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFC16A2CFF6997C6FEB3F91A" box="[151,275,1697,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
|
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</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB917962FFC16A2CFEDC97C5FE11F91A" box="[290,433,1697,1722]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">MNRJ 2852</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFE3E97C6FB83F97E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249303" collectingDate="1996-04-02" collectionCode="II" country="Brazil" elevation="6" latitude="-17.983168" location="Nova Vicosa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.276165" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
adult specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFD8097C6FD67F919" box="[638,711,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
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long),
|
||
<elevation id="001A362AFFC16A2CFCE097C6FC37F91A" box="[798,919,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="6.0">
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<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFCE097C6FCECF919" box="[798,844,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFC5B97C6FB90F91A" box="[933,1072,1697,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Viçosa Reef</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFBBD97C6FB7DF91A" box="[1091,1245,1697,1722]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="59.4" value="-17.983168">17°58’59.4”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFB1997C6FA2FF91A" box="[1255,1423,1697,1722]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="34.2" value="-39.276165">39°16’34.2”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location id="8EE887C2FFC16A2CFF6997A1FE8AF97E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5:8EE887C2FFC16A2CFF6997A1FE8AF97E" box="[151,298,1733,1758]" country="Brazil" latitude="-17.983168" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.276165" name="Nova Vicosa" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" stateProvince="Bahia">Nova Viçosa</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC16A2CFECB97A2FE13F97D" box="[309,435,1733,1758]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC16A2CFE4097A2FDA5F97E" box="[446,517,1733,1758]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFDEF97A2FD27F97D" box="[529,647,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">C.C. Ratto</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFD5597A2FC81F97E" box="[683,801,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">D.O. Pires</collectorName>
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coll. (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFC16A2CFC9697A2FC4AF97E" box="[872,1002,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="1996-04-02">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFCD0E31FFC16A2CFC9697A2FC4AF97E" box="[872,1002,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="1996-04-02">02/04/1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFBFC97A2FBB8F97E" bold="true" box="[1026,1048,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2649DCFFC16A2CFBFC97A2FBB8F97E" box="[1026,1048,1733,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">II</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFBD197A1FB1CF97E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249306" box="[1071,1212,1733,1758]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCode="MNRJ 2016" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB917962FFC16A2CFBD197A1FB1CF97E" box="[1071,1212,1733,1758]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">MNRJ 2016</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFB3997A2FEB9F886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249301" collectingDate="1991-01-30" collectionCode="III" collectorName="Spin Reef & F. B. Pitombo" country="Brazil" latitude="-17.095835" location="Cumuruxatiba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.163055" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
adult specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFA8197A2FF19F8A1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
long),
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFEEF978EFE24F8A2" box="[273,388,1769,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Spin Reef</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFE66978EFDBCF8A2" box="[408,540,1769,1794]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-17.095835">17°05’45”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFDD6978EFD1AF8A2" box="[552,698,1769,1794]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-39.163055">39°09’47”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EE887C2FFC16A2CFD2C978EFCD5F8A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5:8EE887C2FFC16A2CFD2C978EFCD5F8A2" box="[722,885,1769,1794]" country="Brazil" latitude="-17.095835" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-39.163055" name="Cumuruxatiba" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" stateProvince="Bahia">Cumuruxatiba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC16A2CFC7B978EFBA7F8A1" box="[901,1031,1769,1794]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC16A2CFBE8978EFBFDF8A2" box="[1046,1117,1769,1794]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFB93978DFAA4F8A2" box="[1133,1284,1769,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">F.B. Pitombo</collectorName>
|
||
coll. (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFC16A2CFAAD978EFF70F886" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="1991-01-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCD0E31FFC16A2CFAAD978EFF70F886" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="1991-01-30">01/30/ 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF13966AFEAEF886" bold="true" box="[237,270,1805,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2649DCFFC16A2CFF13966AFEAEF886" box="[237,270,1805,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">III</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFED49669FE1BF886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249309" box="[298,443,1805,1830]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCode="MNRJ 4286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB917962FFC16A2CFED49669FE1BF886" box="[298,443,1805,1830]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">MNRJ 4286</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFE359669FDDEF8EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249305" collectingDate="2000-02-27" collectionCode="IV" collectorName="Abrolhos & P. C. Paiva" country="Brazil" latitude="-17.350445" location="Bahia state" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.957363" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
young specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFD62966AFD78F885" box="[668,728,1805,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long),
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFCCF966AFC39F886" box="[817,921,1805,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Abrolhos</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFC50966AFBE8F886" box="[942,1096,1805,1830]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="01.6" value="-17.350445">17°21’01.6”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFBAA966AFB5CF886" box="[1108,1276,1805,1830]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="26.5" value="-38.957363">38°57’26.5”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC16A2CFAEB966AFA38F885" box="[1301,1432,1805,1830]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC16A2CFF699656FF7EF8EA" box="[151,222,1841,1866]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFF109656FEC5F8EA" box="[238,357,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">P.C. Paiva</collectorName>
|
||
coll. (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFC16A2CFE4B9656FD98F8EA" box="[437,568,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2000-02-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCD0E31FFC16A2CFE4B9656FD98F8EA" box="[437,568,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2000-02-27">02/27/2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFDAA9656FDD3F8EA" bold="true" box="[596,627,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2649DCFFC16A2CFDAA9656FDD3F8EA" box="[596,627,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFD719656FC93F8EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249302" box="[655,819,1841,1866]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCode="MZUSP 1950" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB917962FFC16A2CFD719656FC93F8EA" box="[655,819,1841,1866]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">MZUSP 1950</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5FDB44FFC16A2CFCBD9656FF1FF832" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3326249308" collectingDate="2011-10-20" collectionCode="V" collectorName="M. S. C da Hora" country="Brazil" elevation="6" latitude="-20.246542" location="Baixa de Carapebus" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.200172" municipality="Vitoria" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
adult specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFBFB9656FBEFF8E9" box="[1029,1103,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
long),
|
||
<elevation id="001A362AFFC16A2CFB569656FA84F8EA" box="[1192,1316,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="6.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFB569656FB78F8E9" box="[1192,1240,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE887C2FFC16A2CFACA9656FEADF8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E600FFFC16A26FF699489FD6CF9A5:8EE887C2FFC16A2CFACA9656FEADF8CE" country="Brazil" latitude="-20.246542" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.200172" municipality="Vitoria" name="Baixa de Carapebus" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Baixa de Carapebús</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFEE29632FE1EF8CE" box="[284,446,1877,1902]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="47.55" value="-20.246542">20°14'47.55''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC16A2CFE389632FDD5F8CE" box="[454,629,1877,1902]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" precision="1" seconds="0.617" value="-40.200172">40°12'0.617''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC4B63FFC16A2CFD779632FD79F8CE" box="[649,729,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Vitória</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC16A2CFD1B9632FC63F8CD" box="[741,963,1877,1902]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC16A2CFC309632FBB5F8CE" box="[974,1045,1877,1902]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C2B4CFFFC16A2CFBDF9632FB6BF8CD" box="[1057,1227,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">M.S.C da Hora</collectorName>
|
||
coll. (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFC16A2CFAED9632FA35F8CE" box="[1299,1429,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2011-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCD0E31FFC16A2CFAED9632FA35F8CE" box="[1299,1429,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" value="2011-10-20">10/20/2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF5E961EFF14F832" bold="true" box="[160,180,1913,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2649DCFFC16A2CFF5E961EFF14F832" box="[160,180,1913,1938]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC16A2DFF3996FAFE7CFDD9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC16A2DFF3996FAFB7EFE0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1625,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,503]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF3996FAFEE1F815" box="[199,321,1949,1974]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC16A2CFF3996FAFE9AF816" bold="true" box="[199,314,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="345">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Average length cerianthid (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFD7896FAFD48F815" box="[646,744,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Marginal tentacles 60–85, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFB6D96FAFB54F815" box="[1171,1268,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in living animals,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC16A2CFF0296A6FED5F879" box="[252,373,1985,2010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens, brown or purple with purple tips; 9–20 white dots along each tentacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CCD9CFFC06A2DFF6191F0FF41FF10" box="[159,225,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,195,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-202@4.[174,1412,195,1541]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov.: A—Live specimen from Guarapari-ES (Holotype—MZUSP1949), B—Live specimens at Camamu Bay-BA, Image only (Image: Claudio Sampaio), C and D—Live specimen at Porto Seguro-BA, Image only (Images: Rodrigo Maia-Nogueira), E—General view of the mesentery just below the stomodeum (scale 1 cm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949), F—Detail of fertile mesenteries with many oocytes (scale 6 mm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920736/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), arrangement
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFE7091FFFD23FF10" box="[398,643,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">4132.3132.4132.3132</emphasis>
|
||
, with more than 20 pores per each tentacle. Labial tentacles 60–80, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC06A2DFF6991DBFF4FFF73" box="[151,239,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in living animals,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC06A2DFDD991DBFD09FF73" box="[551,681,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens, pale brown or whitish, arrangement
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFF699187FE3EFF58" box="[151,414,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">(2)213.2132.1321.2132</emphasis>
|
||
, unpaired labial tentacle present. Stomodeum long, extending 1/3 to 1/4 of total body length, hyposulcus
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC06A2DFE859063FE62FEBB" box="[379,450,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, hemisulci distinct; siphonoglyph narrow, connected to first three mesenterial couples. Free part of sterile directive mesenteries same length to twice length of siphonoglyph. Second protomesenteries sterile, longer than directives but short and with few craspedonemes. Third protomesenteries sterile, shorter than directives; M and m-metamesenteries long, fertile; M
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC06A2DFC1B9019FC4DFE2C" attach="left" box="[997,1005,382,396]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">1</subScript>
|
||
reaching aboral pore, with bundle of craspedonemes; B and b-mesenteries sterile; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CCD9CFFC06A2DFD4490F1FD5CFE0F" box="[698,764,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,895,917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,224,864]" captionTargetId="figure-98@5.[151,1436,193,874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Graphical representation of the arrangement of mesenteries of Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. Abbreviations: B—B-mesenteries, b—b-mesenteries, D—Directives, E—Stomodeum, M—M-mesenteries, m—m-mesenteries, M.C.—Multiplication chamber, S—Siphonoglyph, T.P.—Terminal pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920738/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
for schematic arrangement of mesenteries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFF3990DDFE83FE57" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
The cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CCD9CFFC06A2DFE9790DDFE0DFE73" box="[361,429,442,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,193,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-159@6.[171,1416,193,1662]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. A—ptychocysts, B—atrichs type II, C—atrichs type I/ ptychocysts, D—microbasic b-mastigophores I, E—microbasic b-mastigophores II, F—microbasic b-mastigophores III, G—microbasic b-mastigophores IV and H—microbasic b-mastigophores V. Scale 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920744/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5E4A2FFC06A2DFE4790DDFDACFE73" box="[441,524,442,467]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,546,569]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the cnidome of tropical shallow species of Pachycerianthus occurring on the Atlantic Ocean. Measurements expressed as length and width of 30 undischarged capsules (n = 3 specimens), data appear as the mean" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" tableUuid="DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) is composed of spirocysts, atrichs (I–II), microbasic b-mastigophores (I–V), and ptychocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9" ID-Table-UUID="DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" startId="3.[151,239,546,569]" targetBox="[159,1393,661,1870]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFD99" blockId="3.[151,1436,545,633]" box="[151,1436,545,569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFF699345FEA3FD99" bold="true" box="[151,259,546,569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">TABLE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Comparison of the cnidome of tropical shallow species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC06A2DFC7A9346FB97FD99" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[900,1079,545,569]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFC7A9346FB97FD99" box="[900,1079,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring on the Atlantic Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFF699325FA3CFDF9" blockId="3.[151,1436,545,633]" box="[151,1436,578,601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Measurements expressed as length and width of 30 undischarged capsules (n = 3 specimens), data appear as the mean</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFF699305FE7CFDD9" blockId="3.[151,1436,545,633]" box="[151,476,610,633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">(minimum–maximum) values.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFDE493F2FA9EF8EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<table id="F93723B9FFC095D1FF6193F2FAD1F8EE" box="[159,1393,661,1870]" gridcols="4" gridrows="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6193F2FAD1FD0B" box="[159,1393,661,683]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE493F2FC18FD0B" box="[538,952,661,683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC06A2DFDE493F2FC8EFD0B" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[538,814,661,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFDE493F2FC8EFD0B" box="[538,814,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC06A2DFCCA93F1FC22FD0B" box="[820,898,662,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F93F2FAD1FD0B" box="[993,1393,661,683]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC06A2DFC1F93F2FAB7FD0B" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[993,1303,661,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFC1F93F2FAB7FD0B" box="[993,1303,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Pachycerianthus curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6193D9FAD1FD74" box="[159,1393,702,724]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE493D9FC18FD74" box="[538,952,702,724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">length x width (in µm)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F93D9FAD1FD74" box="[993,1393,702,724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">length x width (in µm)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61938FFAD1FD5E" box="[159,1393,744,766]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF61938FFAD1FD5E" box="[159,1393,744,766]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Column</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF619276FAD1FCE6" box="[159,1393,785,838]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC69276FDA2FCE6" box="[312,514,785,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Pytchocysts</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE49276FC18FCE6" box="[538,952,785,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">55.19 (46.8–62.92) x 17.47 (15.2–19.76)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F9276FAD1FCE6" box="[993,1393,785,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">53.74 (49.4–63.44) x 20.12 (16.64–23.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61923EFAD1FCCF" box="[159,1393,857,879]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6923EFDA2FCCF" box="[312,514,857,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Atrichs II</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4923EFC18FCCF" box="[538,952,857,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">51.27 (47.84–54.6) x 15.52 (13.52–18.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F923EFAD1FCCF" box="[993,1393,857,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">49.71 (41.6–61.36) x 18.77 (18.2–20.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6192E4FAD1FC39" box="[159,1393,899,921]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC692E4FDA2FC39" box="[312,514,899,921]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores I</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE492E4FC18FC39" box="[538,952,899,921]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">40.32 (33.8–44.72) x 7.59 (6.24–9.36)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F92E4FAD1FC39" box="[993,1393,899,921]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">40.56 (37.44–42.64) x 7.59 (6.76–8.32)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6192CBFAD1FC62" box="[159,1393,940,962]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC692CBFDA2FC62" box="[312,514,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores II</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE492CBFC18FC62" box="[538,952,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">26 (23.4–30.16) x 4.99 (4.16 x 5.72)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F92CBFAD1FC62" box="[993,1393,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">30.1 (26–33.28) x 5.77 (5.2–6.76)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6192B2FAD1FBB4" box="[159,1393,981,1044]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF6192B2FEBAFBB4" box="[159,282,981,1044]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Marginal Tentancles</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC692B2FDA2FBB4" box="[312,514,981,1044]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores I</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE492B2FC18FBB4" box="[538,952,981,1044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">35.46 (34.84–37.44) x 7.8 (6.76–8.32)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F92B2FAD1FBB4" box="[993,1393,981,1044]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">29.45 (28.6–30.68) x 5.12 (4.68–5.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61954FFAD1FBFC" box="[159,1393,1064,1116]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6954FFDA2FBFC" box="[312,514,1064,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores III #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4954FFC18FBFC" box="[538,952,1064,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">29.12 (27.04–30.68) x 5.14 (4.68–5.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F954FFAD1FBFC" box="[993,1393,1064,1116]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">20.04 (16.64–21.84) x 2.7 (2.6–3.12)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF619517FAD1FB0F" box="[159,1393,1136,1199]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF619517FEBAFB0F" box="[159,282,1136,1199]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Labial Tentacles</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC69517FDA2FB0F" box="[312,514,1136,1199]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores I #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE49517FC18FB0F" box="[538,952,1136,1199]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">40.48 (38.48–42.64) x 7.46 (6.76–7.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F9517FAD1FB0F" box="[993,1393,1136,1199]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">29.56 (27–31.2) x 4.6 (4.16–5.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6195A4FAD1FB57" box="[159,1393,1219,1271]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC695A4FDA2FB57" box="[312,514,1219,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores III #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE495A4FC18FB57" box="[538,952,1219,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">27.4 (26–28.6) x 3.27 (2.6–4.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F95A4FAD1FB57" box="[993,1393,1219,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">20.8 (18.2–21.84) x 2.57 (2.08–3.12)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61946CFAD1FA81" box="[159,1393,1291,1313]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6946CFDA2FA81" box="[312,514,1291,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Atrichs #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4946CFC18FA81" box="[538,952,1291,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">35.93 (29.1–41.08) x 7.33 (6.24–8.32)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F946CFAD1FA81" box="[993,1393,1291,1313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">27.11 (24.9–30.1) x 5.17 (4.6–5.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF619453FAD1FAEA" box="[159,1393,1332,1354]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF619453FAD1FAEA" box="[159,1393,1332,1354]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Stomodeum</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61943AFAD1FAD3" box="[159,1393,1373,1395]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6943AFDA2FAD3" box="[312,514,1373,1395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores I</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4943AFC18FAD3" box="[538,952,1373,1395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">29.56 (22.56–31.35) x 6.55 (5.89–7.35)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F943AFAD1FAD3" box="[993,1393,1373,1395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">22.99 (20.8–24.7) x 4.12 (3.9–4.42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6194E1FAD1FA3C" box="[159,1393,1414,1436]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC694E1FDA2FA3C" box="[312,514,1414,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores III</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE494E1FC18FA3C" box="[538,952,1414,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">26.1 (24.2–27.8) x 3.15 (2.6–3.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F94E1FAD1FA3C" box="[993,1393,1414,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">25.89 (23.92–28.08) x 7.43 (6.76–7.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6194D7FAD1FA66" box="[159,1393,1456,1478]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC694D7FDA2FA66" box="[312,514,1456,1478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Atrichs</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE494D7FC18FA66" box="[538,952,1456,1478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">36.82 (32.1–42.35) x 7.52 (6.8–8.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F94D7FAD1FA66" box="[993,1393,1456,1478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">32.24 (28.6–35.36) x 6.26 (5.72–6.76)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6194BEFAD1F9B9" box="[159,1393,1497,1561]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF6194BEFEBAF9B9" box="[159,282,1497,1561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Mesenteries Type B</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC694BEFDA2F9B9" box="[312,514,1497,1561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores I #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE494BEFC18F9B9" box="[538,952,1497,1561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">48.88 (42.64–53.06) x 8.24 (7.8–8.84)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F94BEFAD1F9B9" box="[993,1393,1497,1561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">33.17 (28.6–36.4) x 5.94 (5.2–6.76)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61974BFAD1F9C0" box="[159,1393,1580,1632]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6974BFDA2F9C0" box="[312,514,1580,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores III #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4974BFC18F9C0" box="[538,952,1580,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">27.3 (24.96–31.2) x 6.5 (5.2–7.28)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F974BFAD1F9C0" box="[993,1393,1580,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">20.17 (17.16–23.4) x 5.22 (5.2–5.72)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF619713FAD1F92A" box="[159,1393,1652,1674]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC69713FDA2F92A" box="[312,514,1652,1674]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Atrichs</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE49713FC18F92A" box="[538,952,1652,1674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">31.9 (28.6–35.36) x 7.51 (6.2–8.32)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F9713FAD1F92A" box="[993,1393,1652,1674]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">30.68 (26–37.44) x 5.66 (5.2–6.24)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF6197FAFAD1F97C" box="[159,1393,1693,1756]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FF6197FAFEBAF97C" box="[159,282,1693,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Mesenteries Type M</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC697FAFDA2F97C" box="[312,514,1693,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores IV</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE497FAFC18F97C" box="[538,952,1693,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">25.97 (21.84–28.08) x 5.46 (4.68–6.24)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F97FAFAD1F97C" box="[993,1393,1693,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">29.36 (27–31.2) x 4.8 (4.2–5.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF619797FAD1F884" box="[159,1393,1776,1828]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC69797FDA2F884" box="[312,514,1776,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">b-mastigophores V #</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE49797FC18F884" box="[538,952,1776,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">16.51 (13.5–18.72) x 4.83 (4.16–5.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F9797FAD1F884" box="[993,1393,1776,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">21.8 (18.2–21.84) x 2.72 (2.23–3.24)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFC095D1FF61965FFAD1F8EE" box="[159,1393,1848,1870]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FEC6965FFDA2F8EE" box="[312,514,1848,1870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Atrichs</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FDE4965FFC18F8EE" box="[538,952,1848,1870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">--</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFC095D1FC1F965FFAD1F8EE" box="[993,1393,1848,1870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">27.21 (24.3–31.1) x 5.17 (4.6–5.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC06A2DFF3996E9FC2FF84F" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC06A2DFF3996E9FC2FF84F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1934,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFF3996E9FEC0F806" box="[199,352,1934,1959]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC06A2DFF3996E9FEF9F807" bold="true" box="[199,345,1934,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC06A2DFE9696E9FE0FF807" box="[360,431,1934,1959]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC06A2DFE0796E9FD9AF807" box="[505,570,1934,1959]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC06A2DFD9E96E9FCA0F807" box="[608,768,1934,1959]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
states (Abrolhos Bank and Royal Charlotte Bank) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CCD9CFFC06A2DFAB796E9FA2EF807" box="[1353,1422,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1028,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-107@5.[151,1436,1028,1828]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. along the Brazilian coast. A—Bahia and Espirito Santo States in South American Map; B—Detail of Bahia (BA) and Espirito Santo (ES) States, the black circles correspond to specimens analyzed with the corresponding numbers presented in the "Material examined"." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920742/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The southernmost record is from Guarapari,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC06A2DFD6896D5FCD3F86A" box="[662,883,1970,1995]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC06A2DFC7B96D5FBA5F86B" box="[901,1029,1970,1995]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-20.7275">20°43'39"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC06A2DFBF096D5FB38F86B" box="[1038,1176,1970,1995]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-40.52139">40°31'17"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and the northernmost record is from Camamu Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC06A2DFE1C96B1FDFDF84E" box="[482,605,2006,2031]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="346">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC06A2DFD9396B1FD4DF84F" box="[621,749,2006,2031]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-13.888611">13°53'19"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03B7DEFFC06A2DFD0A96B1FC23F84F" box="[756,899,2006,2031]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="346" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-38.960556">38°57'38"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFC76A2AFF69977AFAC1F930" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" startId="4.[151,250,1565,1587]" targetBox="[174,1412,195,1541]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC76A2AFF69977AFAC1F930" blockId="4.[151,1436,1565,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF69977AFEB3F993" bold="true" box="[151,275,1565,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC76A2AFEE7977AFD8DF993" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,557,1565,1587]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFEE7977AFD8DF993" box="[281,557,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFDCD9779FD23F993" bold="true" box="[563,643,1566,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC76A2AFDCD9779FD23F993" box="[563,643,1566,1587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A—Live specimen from Guarapari-ES (Holotype—MZUSP1949), B—Live specimens at Camamu Bay-BA, Image only (Image: Claudio Sampaio), C and D—Live specimen at Porto Seguro-BA, Image only (Images: Rodrigo Maia-Nogueira), E—General view of the mesentery just below the stomodeum (scale 1 cm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949), F—Detail of fertile mesenteries with many oocytes (scale 6 mm) (Holotype—MZUSP1949).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC76A2AFF3997D0FBBFF86C" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC76A2AFF3997D0FCC0F8B8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1719,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF3997D0FEEDF96F" box="[199,333,1719,1744]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF3997D0FEE6F970" bold="true" box="[199,326,1719,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC76A2AFDBD97D0FD10F96F" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[579,688,1719,1743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFDBD97D0FD10F96F" box="[579,688,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” honors Dr. Erika Schlenz (retired researcher from the Zoology Department, University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F31FFBFFC76A2AFE2397BCFDF9F954" box="[477,601,1755,1780]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC76A2AFD9297BCFD15F954" box="[620,693,1755,1780]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Dr. Schlenz is a well-known actiniarian specialist, and she supervised many researchers working with cnidarians in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC76A2AFCEA9798FCFCF8B8" box="[788,860,1791,1816]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC76A2AFF399644FB06F8C0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1719,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF399644FE26F89B" box="[199,390,1827,1852]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF399644FEDFF89C" bold="true" box="[199,383,1827,1852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Color variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The color of the marginal tentacles varies from yellowish brown to deep purple, but tentacles always have white spots. The labial tentacles are always very light from beige to deep white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC76A2AFF39960CFBBFF86C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1719,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF39960CFEE5F823" box="[199,325,1899,1924]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFF39960CFE9FF824" bold="true" box="[199,319,1899,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Symbiosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
None of the tubes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC76A2AFDC0960CFCCFF823" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[574,879,1899,1923]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFDC0960CFCCFF823" box="[574,879,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had Phoronida associated with them as had been observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC76A2AFED296E8FD81F808" author="Stampar, S. N. & Emig, C. & Morandini, A. C. & Kodja, G. & Pinto, A. P. B. & Silveira, F. L." box="[300,545,1935,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="207 - 211" refId="ref7111" refString="Stampar, S. N., Emig, C., Morandini, A. C., Kodja, G., Pinto, A. P. B. & Silveira, F. L. (2010) Is there any risk in a symbiotic species associating with an endangered one? A case of a phoronid worm growing on a Ceriantheomorphe tube. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 207 - 211." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Stampar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFE6C96F7FE6DF807" box="[402,461,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFDAB96E8FCBBF807" box="[597,795,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Cerianthemorphe</emphasis>
|
||
. Some tubes bore colonies of a bryozoan,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC76A2AFAF396E8FE88F86B" authorityName="Vieira & Stampar" authorityYear="2014" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Fenestrulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="commensalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC76A2AFAF396E8FE88F86B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Fenestrulina commensalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also firstly described from the same area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC76A2AFCFD96D4FBB4F86C" author="Vieira, L. M. & Stampar, S. N." box="[771,1044,1971,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="365 - 374" refId="ref7599" refString="Vieira, L. M. & Stampar, S. N. (2014) A new Fenestrulina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) commensal with tube-dwelling anemones (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) in the tropical southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 3780 (2), 365 - 374. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.2.8" type="journal article" year="2014">Vieira & Stampar, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFC66A2BFF699218FCD5FC72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920738/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" startId="5.[151,250,895,917]" targetBox="[151,1430,224,864]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC66A2BFF699218FCD5FC72" blockId="5.[151,1437,895,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFF699218FEADFC34" bold="true" box="[151,269,895,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Graphical representation of the arrangement of mesenteries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC66A2BFC6A9218FB07FC35" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[916,1191,895,917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFC6A9218FB07FC35" box="[916,1191,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFB5092E7FB5FFC35" bold="true" box="[1198,1279,896,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC66A2BFB5092E7FB5FFC35" box="[1198,1279,896,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Abbreviations: B—B-mesenteries, b—b-mesenteries, D—Directives, E—Stomodeum, M—M-mesenteries, m—m-mesenteries, M.C.—Multiplication chamber, S—Siphonoglyph, T.P.—Terminal pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFC66A2BFF69965DFC65F82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920742/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" startId="5.[151,250,1850,1872]" targetBox="[151,1436,1028,1828]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC66A2BFF69965DFC65F82D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1850,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFF69965DFEADF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,269,1850,1872]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC66A2BFE48965DFD6AF8F0" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[438,714,1850,1872]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFE48965DFD6AF8F0" box="[438,714,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFD2E965DFC80F8EF" bold="true" box="[720,800,1850,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC66A2BFD2E965DFC80F8EF" box="[720,800,1850,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
along the Brazilian coast.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFBCE965DFBFCF8EF" bold="true" box="[1072,1116,1850,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">A—</emphasis>
|
||
Bahia and Espirito Santo States in South American Map;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC66A2BFE60963EFE68F8CE" bold="true" box="[414,456,1881,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">B—</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of Bahia (BA) and Espirito Santo (ES) States, the black circles correspond to specimens analyzed with the corresponding numbers presented in the "Material examined".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFC56A28FF6997F4FBBEF946" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4920744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4920744/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" startId="6.[151,250,1683,1705]" targetBox="[171,1416,193,1662]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC56A28FF6997F4FBBEF946" blockId="6.[151,1436,1683,1766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FF6997F4FEBAF908" bold="true" box="[151,282,1683,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC56A28FE4897F4FD70F909" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[438,720,1683,1705]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FE4897F4FD70F909" box="[438,720,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FD2197F3FC97F909" bold="true" box="[735,823,1684,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC56A28FD2197F3FC97F909" box="[735,823,1684,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—ptychocysts, B—atrichs type II, C—atrichs type I/ ptychocysts, D—microbasic b-mastigophores I, E—microbasic b-mastigophores II, F—microbasic b-mastigophores III, G—microbasic b-mastigophores IV and H—microbasic b-mastigophores V. Scale 10µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFC56A29FF399674FD22F841" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC56A29FF399674FDCCFE15" blockId="6.[151,1436,1811,2016]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FF399674FD3BF88C" box="[199,667,1811,1836]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FF399674FE7CF88C" bold="true" box="[199,476,1811,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFC56A28FE889674FE7CF88C" box="[374,476,1811,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MZUSP 1949).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Polyp elongate, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FC589674FC4FF88B" box="[934,1007,1811,1836]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FB9B9674FB14F88B" box="[1125,1204,1811,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
just below marginal tentacles and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FECF9650FE20F8EF" box="[305,384,1847,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
near aboral end. Marginal tentacles 82, arranged in 4 pseudocycles, 50–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FB4C9650FAA1F8EF" box="[1202,1281,1847,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and 6–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FA719650FF63F8D3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter near base, brownish-yellowish at base, purple at tips. Space between cycles of marginal and labial tentacles dark red. Labial tentacles 72, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FD719618FD7EF837" box="[655,734,1919,1944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, bright white with white longitudinal line, directive labial present. Arrangement of marginal tentacles
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FD7E96C4FC2EF81B" box="[640,910,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">4132.3132.4132.3132…</emphasis>
|
||
and labial tentacles
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC56A28FB8C96C4FAD9F81B" box="[1138,1401,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="349">(2)213.2132.1321.2132</emphasis>
|
||
.... Oral disk
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FEF896A0FE9EF87F" box="[262,318,1991,2016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, stomodeum
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC56A28FDEB96A0FDC4F87F" box="[533,612,1991,2016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, light brown, siphonoglyph narrow and elongate with 6 mesenteries attached, hyposulcus
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FE7291F0FE44FF0F" box="[396,484,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FD5391F0FD53FF10" box="[685,755,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) hemisulci. Free part of directive mesenteries
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FAF791F0FAFBFF0F" box="[1289,1371,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, without mesenterial filament. Second protomesenteries (p
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FCD691ACFC90FF79" attach="left" box="[808,816,203,217]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">2</subScript>
|
||
) relatively short with developed mesenterial filament:
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FF699185FF4AFF5A" box="[151,234,226,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
|
||
with fairly developed craspedonemes. Third protomesenteries short (p
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FBD89196FB8EFF5F" attach="left" box="[1062,1070,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">3</subScript>
|
||
) about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FB739185FB40FF5A" box="[1165,1248,226,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
with developed craspedonemes and cnidoglandular tract. Metamesenteries in quartets: MBmb, metamesenteries of first cycle (M
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FA75907FFA33FE86" attach="left" box="[1419,1427,280,294]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">1</subScript>
|
||
) reach aboral pore, have craspedonemes up to aboral region; remaining type M mesenteries exhibit same basic morphology, reaching no less than half of column, with numerous craspedonemes uniformly arranged until 4/5 of the mesentery length; mesenteries type m same as type M only shorter; metamesenteries type B and b, sterile, short, each with bunch of craspedonemes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF3990A7FA29FDC8" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF3990A7FE4CFE79" bold="true" box="[199,492,448,473]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" reason="1">Morphological remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens observed varied much more in the coloration of tentacles than in internal anatomy. The mesenteries have the same size ratio in relation to column length as the described specimen. The arrangement of the tentacles was also constant in all observed specimens. The craspedonemes range in length from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FF2A934BFE95FDE4" box="[212,309,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1- 4 mm</quantity>
|
||
and are always arranged in the upper region of the mesentery. The number of craspedonemes varies greatly between mesenteries of the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFC46A29FD9D9336FD33FDC9" box="[611,659,593,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in the same specimen, however craspedonemes are always present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF399313FB06FD75" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF399313FB9EFD2D" bold="true" box="[199,1086,627,653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Comparison with other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FDA59314FC84FD2C" bold="true" box="[603,804,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FDA59314FC80FD2C" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[603,800,627,652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pachycerianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological aspects.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FBBA9313FAA0FD2C" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[1092,1280,628,652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FBBA9313FAA0FD2C" box="[1092,1280,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises 16 species in addition to the one described here. All species of the genus were compared with the new species and were compared based on the analysis of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFC46A29FDA293DAFD2CFD75" box="[604,652,701,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">type</typeStatus>
|
||
materials or on the original species description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF399387FA95FBC1" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE829387FD98FD58" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[380,568,736,760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE829387FD98FD58" box="[380,568,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be split into two groups based on the relative length of the directive mesenteries and the stomodeum. The directive mesenteries are longer than the stomodeum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB1E9263FEA4FCE0" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FB1E9263FEA4FCE0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FEF5924FFEC4FCE1" bold="true" box="[267,356,808,833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FEF5924FFEC4FCE1" box="[267,356,808,833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE0C924FFCBAFCE0" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[498,794,808,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="benedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE0C924FFCBAFCE0" box="[498,794,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus benedeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCD7924EFB85FCE0" box="[809,1061,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FCD7924EFC3EFCE0" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1951" box="[809,926,809,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="insignis">P. insignis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC54924EFB85FCE0" baseAuthorityName="Torrey and Kleeberger" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[938,1061,808,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="johnsoni">P. johnsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FBCA924EFAF0FCE0" box="[1076,1360,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FBCA924EFB30FCE0" baseAuthorityName="Carlgren" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1076,1168,809,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maua">P. maua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB62924EFAECFCE0" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[1180,1356,808,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">P. multiplicatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FA79924EFEA1FCC4" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FA79924EFEA1FCC4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. solitarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the directive mesenteries are shorter than the stomodeum. A second attribute that can be used to discriminate species is the length of M1 mesenteries: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FCEB9217FBE7FC28" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[789,1095,880,904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCEB9217FBE7FC28" box="[789,1095,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FBB09217FB09FC29" bold="true" box="[1102,1193,880,905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FBB09217FB09FC29" box="[1102,1193,880,905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, M1 reach the aboral pore; in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF0A92F2FD2AFC0C" box="[244,650,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FF0A92F2FEDDFC0C" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1995" box="[244,381,916,940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delwynae">P. delwynae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE7692F2FE50FC0C" baseAuthorityName="Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[392,496,916,940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dohrni">P. dohrni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE0292F2FD2AFC0C" baseAuthorityName="Kwietniewski" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[508,650,916,940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">P. fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD3F92F2FC93FC0C" baseAuthorityName="Nakamoto" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[705,819,917,940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD3F92F2FC93FC0C" box="[705,819,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, M1 mesenteries are shorter and do not reach the pore. Another differentiating characteristic is the number of mesenteries attached to the siphonoglyph region:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FF6992BBFE71FC54" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,465,988,1012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6992BBFE71FC54" box="[151,465,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE1F92BBFDE4FC55" bold="true" box="[481,580,988,1013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FE1F92BBFDE4FC55" box="[481,580,988,1013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has 6 mesenteries attached, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FBE192BAFB78FC54" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[1055,1240,989,1012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FBE192BAFB78FC54" box="[1055,1240,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB0E92BAFAD0FC54" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1264,1392,988,1012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FB0E92BAFAD0FC54" box="[1264,1392,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FA7992BAFEBFFBB8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FA7992BAFEBBFBB8" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="monotichus">P. monotichus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FEA59566FE75FBB8" baseAuthorityName="Torrey & Kleeburger" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[347,469,1025,1048]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aestuari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FEA59566FE75FBB8" box="[347,469,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. aestuari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 4, 8, 8 and 16, respectively. Finally it is possible to distinguish the remaining species in relation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE729543FD1DFB9C" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[396,701,1060,1084]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE729543FD1DFB9C" box="[396,701,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD389543FC81FB9D" bold="true" box="[710,801,1060,1085]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FD389543FC81FB9D" box="[710,801,1060,1085]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the number of tentacles:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB949543FA3CFB9C" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[1130,1436,1060,1084]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FB949543FA3CFB9C" box="[1130,1436,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF69952FFF50FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,240,1096,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FF69952FFF50FBC1" box="[151,240,1096,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has up to 85 tentacles, wheras
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FDB2952EFD56FBC0" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1995" box="[588,758,1096,1120]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longistriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FDB2952EFD56FBC0" box="[588,758,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. longistriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FCD2952EFC34FBC0" baseAuthorityName="Haddon and Shackleton" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[812,916,1096,1120]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCD2952EFC34FBC0" box="[812,916,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FBD2952FFBD3FBC1" box="[1068,1139,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="in" value="140.0">140 in</quantity>
|
||
adult specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF39950BFF70F994" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF39950BFD71FB25" bold="true" box="[199,721,1132,1157]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" reason="1">Species from related biogeographical area.</emphasis>
|
||
Only three members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC0A950BFB10FB24" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[1012,1200,1132,1156]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC0A950BFB10FB24" box="[1012,1200,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded from Atlantic waters:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE6A95F7FC34FB09" authority="(Danielssen, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[404,916,1168,1193]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE6A95F7FD15FB08" box="[404,693,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus borealis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FD3895F7FC2DFB09" author="Danielssen, D. C." box="[710,909,1168,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" refId="ref5921" refString="Danielssen, D. C. (1860) On Cerianthus borealis n. sp .. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania. Trykt hos Brogger & Christie, Oslo, 251 pp." type="book" year="1860">Danielssen, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC46A29FB9395F7FB61FB09" box="[1133,1217,1168,1193]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC46A29FA9A95F7FA3CFB09" box="[1380,1436,1168,1193]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1–50 meters);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE9F95D3FC33FB6D" authority="Carlgren, 1912" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[353,915,1204,1229]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE9F95D3FD66FB6C" box="[353,710,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FD2295D3FC33FB6D" author="Carlgren, O." box="[732,915,1204,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref5620" refString="Carlgren, O. (1912) Ceriantharia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (3), 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1912">Carlgren, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North Sea (10–130 meters); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FF6995BFFD18FB51" authority="den Hartog, 1977" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,696,1240,1265]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6995BFFE4EFB50" box="[151,494,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FE0B95BFFD18FB51" author="den Hartog, J. C." box="[501,696,1240,1265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" pagination="211 - 248" refId="ref6274" refString="den Hartog, J. C. (1977) Descriptions of two new Ceriantharia from Caribbean Region, Pachycerianthus curacaoensis n. sp. and Arachnanthus nocturnus n. sp., with a discussion of the cnidom and of the classification of the Ceriantharia. Zoologische Mededelingen, 51 (14), 211 - 248." type="journal article" year="1977">den Hartog, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3209189FFC46A29FD0395BFFCFAFB51" box="[765,858,1240,1265]" name="Curaçao" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Caribbean) (65–75 meters). These differ from one another and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FEA1959AFE48FAB4" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[351,488,1276,1300]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FEA1959AFE48FAB4" box="[351,488,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE11959BFDE9FAB5" bold="true" box="[495,585,1276,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FE11959BFDE9FAB5" box="[495,585,1276,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the number of marginal tentacles:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC13959AFBC4FAB4" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1005,1124,1276,1300]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC13959AFBC4FAB4" box="[1005,1124,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(140–160),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB10959AFA3CFAB4" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[1262,1436,1276,1300]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FB10959AFA3CFAB4" box="[1262,1436,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(160–170),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FEE49446FE6AFA98" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[282,458,1313,1336]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FEE49446FE6AFA98" box="[282,458,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(74–105), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD889446FD5FFA98" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[630,767,1312,1336]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD889446FD5FFA98" box="[630,767,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCF89447FCC0FA99" bold="true" box="[774,864,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FCF89447FCC0FA99" box="[774,864,1312,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(60–85). Another obvious difference are the white spots in the marginal tentacles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FDE89422FD00FAFC" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[534,672,1348,1372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FDE89422FD00FAFC" box="[534,672,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD579423FCA4FAFD" bold="true" box="[681,772,1348,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FD579423FCA4FAFD" box="[681,772,1348,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FCC09422FC4FFAFC" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[830,1007,1349,1372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCC09422FC4FFAFC" box="[830,1007,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are absent from the other two species; however this feature is not visible some time after preservation. Features of internal anatomy also differentiate the Atlantic species. The length of stomodeum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC9294EAFC45FA04" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[876,997,1420,1444]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC9294EAFC45FA04" box="[876,997,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about 1/6 of the total length of the column; this ratio increases to around 1/
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FDA794D7FD25FA69" box="[601,645,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD7294D6FCB4FA68" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[652,788,1456,1480]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD7294D6FCB4FA68" box="[652,788,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCE294D7FCD5FA69" bold="true" box="[796,885,1456,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FCE294D7FCD5FA69" box="[796,885,1456,1481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
At least five couples of M-mesenteries reach the region of the aboral pore in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE3194B2FDE6FA4C" baseAuthorityName="Danielssen" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[463,582,1492,1516]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE3194B2FDE6FA4C" box="[463,582,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD2D94B2FCFBFA4C" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[723,859,1492,1516]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD2D94B2FCFBFA4C" box="[723,859,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC9C94B3FC1BFA4D" bold="true" box="[866,955,1492,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FC9C94B3FC1BFA4D" box="[866,955,1492,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
only one couple of M-mesenteries reaches the aboral pore. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE06949EFD08F9B0" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[504,680,1528,1552]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE06949EFD08F9B0" box="[504,680,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. multiplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have at least five couples of M-mesenteries that reach the aboral pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF399727FCF8F8FB" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
The Caribbean species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE269726FD2CF9F8" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[472,652,1601,1624]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE269726FD2CF9F8" box="[472,652,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Brazilian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC959726FC58F9F8" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[875,1016,1600,1624]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC959726FC58F9F8" box="[875,1016,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FBFD9727FBC1F9F9" bold="true" box="[1027,1121,1600,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FBFD9727FBC1F9F9" box="[1027,1121,1600,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differ in subtle ways. The external morphology (number of tentacles and color pattern) is similar in both species. However, the stomodeum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FF6997EEFEE6F900" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,326,1673,1696]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6997EEFEE6F900" box="[151,326,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends about 1/8 to 1/12 of the total length of the body; in contrast, the stomodeum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FAEA97EEFA3CF900" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[1300,1436,1672,1696]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FAEA97EEFA3CF900" box="[1300,1436,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6997CBFF50F965" bold="true" box="[151,240,1708,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FF6997CBFF50F965" box="[151,240,1708,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is about 1/3 to 1/4 of the total length of the body. The number of mesenteries attached to the syphonoglyph is also different:
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FEAD97B7FEDEF949" box="[339,382,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE7B97B6FD95F948" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[389,565,1745,1768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE7B97B6FD95F948" box="[389,565,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFC46A29FD9597B7FD36F949" box="[619,662,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD6297B6FC85F948" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[668,805,1744,1768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD6297B6FC85F948" box="[668,805,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FCD297B7FC26F949" bold="true" box="[812,902,1744,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FCD297B7FC26F949" box="[812,902,1744,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FC5597B6FBFAF948" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[939,1114,1745,1768]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FC5597B6FBFAF948" box="[939,1114,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the couple M
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FACA97B8FA9CF94D" attach="left" box="[1332,1340,1759,1773]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">1</subScript>
|
||
exceeds half of the column, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE07979FFD22F8AF" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[505,642,1783,1807]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE07979FFD22F8AF" box="[505,642,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD749790FD45F8B0" bold="true" box="[650,741,1783,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFC46A29FD749790FD45F8B0" box="[650,741,1783,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at least 8 pairs of M-mesenteries (M
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FB779661FB31F8B4" attach="left" box="[1161,1169,1798,1812]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">1</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="17B3D35CFFC46A29FB469661FB60F8B4" attach="right" box="[1208,1216,1798,1812]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">8</subScript>
|
||
) exceed half of the column length. The two species differ in the size of cnidae (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5E4A2FFC46A29FCA5967AFC1AF896" box="[859,954,1821,1846]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,546,569]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the cnidome of tropical shallow species of Pachycerianthus occurring on the Atlantic Ocean. Measurements expressed as length and width of 30 undischarged capsules (n = 3 specimens), data appear as the mean" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" tableUuid="DF488191FFC06A2DFF699345FA3CFDF9">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5E4A2FFC46A29FC38967AFC76F896" box="[966,982,1821,1846]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Mann-Whitney test comparing the length of cnidae in Pachycerianthus curacaoensis and P. schlenzae sp. nov. (only comparisons with statistical significance). See Table 2 for measurements. Note that p-values smaller than 0.05 indicate that that samples are different." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" tableUuid="DF488191FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Comparative anatomical characters for all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE7D9625FD9FF8FA" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[387,575,1858,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE7D9625FD9FF8FA" box="[387,575,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented in Table 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFC46A29FF399602FD22F841" blockId="7.[151,1440,151,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF399602FE06F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,422,1893,1918]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" reason="1">Molecular aspects.</emphasis>
|
||
Molecular markers have been used as a tool for the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FB729602FAB7F8DE" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1883" box="[1164,1303,1893,1918]" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rodriguez
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6996EFFF6EF83F" box="[151,206,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FEDC96E0FDA6F800" author="Stampar, S. N. & Maronna, M. M. & Vermeij, M. J. & Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C." box="[290,518,1927,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" pagination="41091" refId="ref7190" refString="Stampar, S. N., Maronna, M. M., Vermeij, M. J., Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C. (2012) Evolutionary Diversification of Banded Tube-Dwelling Anemones (Cnidaria; Ceriantharia; Isarachnanthus) in the Atlantic Ocean. PLoS One, 7 (7), e 41091. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0041091" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Stampar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE7B96EFFE1DF83F" box="[389,445,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FDEF96E0FCF1F800" author="Stampar, S. N. & Morandini, A. C." box="[529,849,1927,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref7349" refString="Stampar, S. N. & Morandini, A. C. (2014) Occurrence of Isarachnanthus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) at Ascension Island: a test of hypothesis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1 - 5. [published online] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315414000423" type="book chapter" year="2014">Stampar & Morandini, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The results (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5E4A2FFC46A29FC1296E0FBE0F800" box="[1004,1088,1927,1952]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 5. Estimates of divergence from P. schlenzae in sequences of ITS1, ITS2 and 16S for a subset of species in Pachycerianthus. Analyses were conducted using the Kimura 2-parameter model (Kimura, 1980). “--” means that the" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFC96A24FF6991FFFA3CFF70" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" tableUuid="DF488191FFC96A24FF6991FFFA3CFF70">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) showed that the discrepancies between the molecular markers of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FD4296CEFCD8F861" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[700,888,1961,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FD4296CEFCD8F861" box="[700,888,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considerable, as was also shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFC46A29FAC196CFFE81F843" author="Stampar, S. N. & Maronna, M. M. & Vermeij, M. J. & Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="350" pagination="41091" refId="ref7190" refString="Stampar, S. N., Maronna, M. M., Vermeij, M. J., Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C. (2012) Evolutionary Diversification of Banded Tube-Dwelling Anemones (Cnidaria; Ceriantharia; Isarachnanthus) in the Atlantic Ocean. PLoS One, 7 (7), e 41091. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0041091" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Stampar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FF6996ACFF6FF842" box="[151,207,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFC46A29FE3B96ADFDD3F842" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1924" box="[453,627,1994,2018]" class="Anthozoa" family="Arachnactidae" genus="Isarachnanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="350" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFC46A29FE3B96ADFDD3F842" box="[453,627,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="350">Isarachnanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF488191FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F" ID-Table-UUID="DF488191FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF488191FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" startId="8.[151,239,152,175]" targetBox="[159,1040,266,578]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFCB6A26FF6991FFFD96FF4F" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FF6991FFFEA5FF0F" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">TABLE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Mann-Whitney test comparing the length of cnidae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FC9291F0FB15FF0F" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" box="[876,1205,151,175]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FC9291F0FB15FF0F" box="[876,1205,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Pachycerianthus curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FB1091FFFAD3FF0F" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[1262,1395,151,175]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FB1091FFFAD3FF0F" box="[1262,1395,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FA8291FFFF66FF6F" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFCB6A26FA8291FFFF66FF6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(only comparisons with statistical significance). See Table 2 for measurements. Note that p-values smaller than 0.05 indicate that that samples are different.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFCB6A26FF61906DFBB0FDE2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<table id="F93723B9FFCB95D1FF61906DFBB0FDE2" box="[159,1040,266,578]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF61906DFBB0FE80" box="[159,1040,266,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF61906DFEFDFE80" box="[159,349,266,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Cnidae</th>
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD0906DFD40FE80" box="[558,736,266,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Body part</th>
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC42906DFBB0FE80" box="[956,1040,266,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">P-value</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF619053FBB0FEEA" box="[159,1040,308,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF619053FEFDFEEA" box="[159,349,308,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore I</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD09053FD40FEEA" box="[558,736,308,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Labial tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC429053FBB0FEEA" box="[956,1040,308,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF61903AFBB0FED3" box="[159,1040,349,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF61903AFEFDFED3" box="[159,349,349,371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore I</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD0903AFD40FED3" box="[558,736,349,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Mes. type B</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC42903AFBB0FED3" box="[956,1040,349,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF6190E1FBB0FE3C" box="[159,1040,390,412]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF6190E1FEFDFE3C" box="[159,349,390,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore III</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD090E1FD40FE3C" box="[558,736,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Mes. type B</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC4290E1FBB0FE3C" box="[956,1040,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF6190D7FBB0FE66" box="[159,1040,432,454]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF6190D7FEFDFE66" box="[159,349,432,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore II</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD090D7FD40FE66" box="[558,736,432,454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Marginal tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC4290D7FBB0FE66" box="[956,1040,432,454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF6190BEFBB0FE4F" box="[159,1040,473,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF6190BEFEFDFE4F" box="[159,349,473,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore III</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD090BEFD40FE4F" box="[558,736,473,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Labial tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC4290BEFBB0FE4F" box="[956,1040,473,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF619365FBB0FDB8" box="[159,1040,514,536]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF619365FEFDFDB8" box="[159,349,514,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">b-mastigophore V</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD09365FD40FDB8" box="[558,736,514,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Mes. type M</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC429365FBB0FDB8" box="[956,1040,514,536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3507D35BFFCB95D1FF61934BFBB0FDE2" box="[159,1040,556,578]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<th id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FF61934BFEFDFDE2" box="[159,349,556,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Atrichs</th>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FDD0934BFD40FDE2" box="[558,736,556,578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Labial tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="76D6BA27FFCB95D1FC42934BFBB0FDE2" box="[956,1040,556,578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="351"><0.0001</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D8292FFCB6A26FF3993C8FD6CF9A5" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFCB6A26FF3993C8FEBAFBD8" blockId="8.[151,1437,687,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FF3993C8FDEDFD68" bold="true" box="[199,589,687,712]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" reason="1">Remarks on general taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
The species described in this study is distinguishable by a number of features. However, to describe it and differentiate it from other species of the genus required careful re-examination of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FECB939FFE51FCB0" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1904" box="[309,497,760,784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FECB939FFE51FCB0" box="[309,497,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Pachycerianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the entire family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FCB09390FC40FCB0" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1852" box="[846,992,759,784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cerianthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both using morphology to refine the descriptions of certain species and collecting molecular data from a several species. At the same time it is necessary to understand the morphological variation within each species and always associate it with genetic variation. Some studies have addressed morphological variation within some morphotypes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FBF59202FB93FCDC" box="[1035,1075,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFCB6A26FBC19203FB4FFCDD" author="Carlgren, O." box="[1087,1263,868,893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref5620" refString="Carlgren, O. (1912) Ceriantharia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (3), 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1912">Carlgren, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFCB6A26FB019203FF73FC00" author="van Beneden, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref5553" refString="van Beneden, E. (1924) Travaux posthumes d' Edouard van Beneden sur les cerianthaires collationnes par Paul Cerfontaine. Archives de Biologie, Hors Serie, 1 - 242." type="book chapter" year="1924">van Beneden, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), unfortunately there is no confidence that these specimens belong in fact to the same species; maybe there are cryptic species within. The issue of cryptic species was only addressed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FC0892CBFB20FC65" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1883" box="[1014,1152,940,965]" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFCB6A26FB0D92CBFF73FC48" author="Stampar, S. N. & Maronna, M. M. & Vermeij, M. J. & Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="41091" refId="ref7190" refString="Stampar, S. N., Maronna, M. M., Vermeij, M. J., Silveira, F. L. & Morandini, A. C. (2012) Evolutionary Diversification of Banded Tube-Dwelling Anemones (Cnidaria; Ceriantharia; Isarachnanthus) in the Atlantic Ocean. PLoS One, 7 (7), e 41091. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0041091" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Stampar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FAA592CAFA35FC64" box="[1371,1429,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is widely recognized on other groups (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FD2292B6FCA4FC48" box="[732,772,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FCF292A8FC29FC48" box="[780,905,975,1000]" class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Zoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFCB6A26FC5B92A8FB24FC48" author="Reimer, J. D. & Ono, S. & Iwama, A. & Takishita, K. & Tsukahara, J. & Maruyama, T." box="[933,1156,975,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="261 - 275" refId="ref6773" refString="Reimer, J. D., Ono, S., Iwama, A., Takishita, K., Tsukahara, J. & Maruyama, T. (2006) Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Science, 23, 261 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 23.261" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Reimer
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FBFE92B6FB99FC48" box="[1024,1081,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C6FBBFFCB6A26FB2F92B7FAA1FC48" box="[1233,1281,976,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of study may not provide relevant results for species with a very restricted distribution, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FBBF9293FAD3FBAC" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[1089,1395,1012,1036]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FBBF9293FAD3FBAC" box="[1089,1395,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Pachycerianthus schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFCB6A26FA829293FF67FB8F" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, some ceriantharian species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FD73957EFBB8FB90" box="[653,1048,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
eg.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FD47957FFBB8FB90" box="[697,1048,1048,1072]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheomorphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Ceriantheomorphe brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) have very wide distribution and these species may present interesting results with respect to discrepancies between morphological and molecular differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88D119FFCB6A26FF3995E3FD6CF9A5" blockId="8.[151,1437,687,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FF3995E3FE05FB3D" bold="true" box="[199,421,1156,1181]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" reason="1">Biological aspects.</emphasis>
|
||
Two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FD6E95E2FCBDFB3C" authority="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira, 2014" authorityName="Stampar & Morandini & Silveira" authorityYear="2014" box="[656,797,1156,1180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="schlenzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FD6E95E2FCBDFB3C" box="[656,797,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">P. schlenzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FCD695E3FC26FB3D" bold="true" box="[808,902,1156,1181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270B070FFCB6A26FCD695E3FC26FB3D" box="[808,902,1156,1181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were maintained in aquarium for three years (2009–2011). These specimens were maintained on a closed aquarium system (5000L) under natural light regime and constant temperature (21°C). In early spring (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFCB6A26FD2D95ABFCE4FB45" box="[723,836,1228,1253]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" value="2009-09">Sep 2009</date>
|
||
), both specimens released many oocytes. This event was restricted to one day. After more than two months, few days before the beginning of summer (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFCB6A26FB109588FAC0FAA8" box="[1262,1376,1263,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" value="2009-12">Dec 2009</date>
|
||
), one of the individuals released sperm, two or three times per day, over four days. In late summer (
|
||
<date id="FF89F7D9FFCB6A26FB2C9473FAE3FA8D" box="[1234,1347,1300,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" value="2010-02">Feb 2010</date>
|
||
), a new release of gametes occurred, however this event was different since both sperm and oocytes were released simultaneously. Once again the liberation of oocytes lasted only one day and was continuous, and the release of sperm was episodic and took four days. The oocytes were yellow to brown color with a mean diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFCB6A26FABB9418FA3CFA38" box="[1349,1436,1407,1432]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 µm</quantity>
|
||
(±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF7CFCFFCB6A26FF5194C3FF56FA1D" box="[175,246,1444,1469]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="30.0">30µm</quantity>
|
||
). Identical events were observed during the next seasons (2010–2011). In both cases and in late summer, we mixed up gametes of both sexes but fertilization was not observed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6ACE8FFCB6A26FC5494A0FBECFA40" author="Uchida, H. O." box="[938,1100,1479,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" pagination="185 - 199" refId="ref7561" refString="Uchida, H. O. (1979) Cerianthids (Anthozoa, Coelenterata) from Kii Region, Middle Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 12, 185 - 199." type="journal article" year="1979">Uchida (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
accomplished fertilization for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37AA9AFFCB6A26FF69948BFE11F9A4" baseAuthorityName="Nakamoto" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,433,1516,1540]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Pachycerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9430D0BFFCB6A26FF69948BFE11F9A4" box="[151,433,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Pachycerianthus magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using the same methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |