146 lines
18 KiB
XML
146 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="12DB63BED3D9AA63D5D49EFA65373408" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13244025" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244025" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722969810181" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ming, Leong Tzi" docDate="2004" docId="039C8C57FFC0FFC606E98323EF1CB478" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.2.609-620.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Limnonectes laticeps" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="613" masterDocId="FFA5F42FFFC3FFC20639842CEB3BB152" masterDocTitle="Larval Descriptions Of Some Poorly Known Tadpoles From Peninsular Malaysia (Amphibia: Anura)" masterLastPageNumber="620" masterPageNumber="609" pageNumber="612" updateTime="1722973631586" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1F82BEFFC1176E9DFDD573A977BCB426">
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<mods:title id="4746B59E3C6F58483451662070CCC91D">Larval Descriptions Of Some Poorly Known Tadpoles From Peninsular Malaysia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7D9CDD11D087A04BAD56694A9CBF5BAD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="820DCC3A11D413F164D87E9A11BE528C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8614A9E290CB1A5306F3B697DB6C1F0A">Ming, Leong Tzi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F5DB7E099EB4FB09208D74CA6ABAB9CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FED5087E9DB1117318FCBBA8E4152FFF">
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<mods:title id="8A56DD4785DF2A0DFBE5BDC06FA89046">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C382BB20BBCA41F62F29FCFC359BAA21">
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<mods:date id="B49BACDDD563DC8804E708D0440B4B5F">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="234FED0F9E01AED6ED3A7C1E77AF5DAE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1D7F9D2A4C798FDFA4E5CE8D2299326C">52</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1C05A9020BCA4B7E44A5BEB9EB9CB91A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B9C0CB6C5A05F01582816EB8C2107DF4">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="75B6AB14195E3EC65B79A93D131E6BF8">609</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8CB7ED7EA8EA3112B5B5CDC6EA879D5E">620</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="CD53328A9B5650635400D1E336F0031D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="56E2E0D181C110A5B7B3C5064F6628C9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13244025</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0E2FF66C3AB90070B1C7EA36C5D31A6" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F61A6D6B2C3EC829DEB7F756F0780674" type="Zenodo-Dep">13244025</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C8C57FFC0FFC606E98323EF1CB478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8C57FFC0FFC606E98323EF1CB478" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8C57FFC0FFC606E98323EF1CB478" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6ECAFFC0FFC106E98323E9AAB675" box="[208,657,1807,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC0FFC106E98323E9AAB675" blockId="3.[208,657,1807,1863]" box="[208,657,1807,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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<heading id="D0C28A2DFFC0FFC106E98323E9AAB675" bold="true" box="[208,657,1807,1831]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3546C2FFC0FFC106E98323E9AAB675" ID-CoL="6WR5T" authority="(Boulenger, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[208,657,1807,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC0FFC106E98323E9AAB675" bold="true" box="[208,657,1807,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC0FFC106E98323EA81B675" bold="true" box="[208,442,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Limnonectes laticeps</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA440B0FFC0FFC107F58323E9B1B675" author="Boulenger, G" box="[460,650,1807,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" refId="ref7821" refString="Boulenger, G. A., 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. 2 nd Edition, London. 495 pp." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6ECAFFC0FFC6077B831CEF1CB478" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC0FFC1077B831CE91BB615" blockId="3.[208,657,1807,1863]" box="[322,544,1840,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E21C4FFC0FFC10773831CEAA3B615" box="[330,408,1840,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[811,846,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[811,1451,1191,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-315@3.[811,1451,1191,1600]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) aspects of Limnonectes laticeps larva (Stage 37). Note persistence of pronounced yolk sac, despite well developed hind limb buds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E21C4FFC0FFC1079F831CEA8EB615" box="[422,437,1840,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[140,175,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[145,778,1307,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-590@4.[135,793,1291,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ventral aspect of larval Limnonectes laticeps (Stage 37). Note single pair of elongate papillae (P) trailing from upper rim of mouth; complete absence of anterior or posterior labia (and associated marginal/infra-marginal papillae), labial tooth rows, or jaw sheaths. Nostrils (N) visible at upper edge of snout; yolk sac (YS) extensive; H = heart; SO = spiracular opening. Scale bar = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">4</figureCitation>
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, Table 3)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC0FFC606488343E9D3B398" blockId="3.[113,753,1903,2119]" lastBlockId="4.[136,775,499,714]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC0FFC106488343EAABB6D5" bold="true" box="[113,400,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Larval microhabitat. –</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5D371CFFC0FFC607A4835CE9DFB398" collectingDate="2003-05-29" collectionCode="FRIM, ZRC, T" collectorName="M. Leong & Gary H. S. Lim & Adult & Larval" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="613" latitude="3.2333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="101.63333" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5">
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A total of
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<specimenCount id="9D33F6C8FFC0FFC1041F835CE991B6D5" box="[550,682,1904,1927]" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" type="larva">five larvae</specimenCount>
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were encountered in a small, shallow creek (ca.
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<quantity id="4CCD90A4FFC0FFC1040483BCE942B6F5" box="[573,633,1936,1959]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" unit="cm" value="20.0">20cm</quantity>
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wide,
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<quantity id="4CCD90A4FFC0FFC104FB83BCE9CBB6F5" box="[706,752,1936,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" unit="cm" value="2.0">2cm</quantity>
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deep, sandy substrate) flowing slowly down hill slopes of the Canopy Trail within
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<collectionCode id="ED24A584FFC0FFC1079283FCEACAB6B5" box="[427,497,2000,2023]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rw2k-chgr" name="Forest Research Institute, Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">FRIM</collectionCode>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE015B86FFC0FFC1043E83FCE959B6B5" box="[519,610,2000,2023]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" precision="925" value="3.2333333">3 14’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE015B86FFC0FFC1044D83FCE9DCB6B5" box="[628,743,2000,2023]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" precision="925" value="101.63333">101 38’E</geoCoordinate>
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) (
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<collectionCode id="ED24A584FFC0FFC1064083DCEB8AB955" box="[121,177,2032,2055]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">ZRC</collectionCode>
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.1.10808-10812; coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED24A584FFC0FFC107A283DCEA95B955" box="[411,430,2032,2055]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">T</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="26C05897FFC0FFC1078183DCE91AB955" box="[440,545,2032,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">M. Leong</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="26C05897FFC0FFC1047D83DCE9D7B955" box="[580,748,2032,2055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Gary H. S. Lim</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FF8B1B81FFC0FFC106488C3CEA2EB975" box="[113,277,2064,2087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" value="2003-05-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFCFE269FFC0FFC106488C3CEA2EB975" box="[113,277,2064,2087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" value="2003-05-29">29 May.2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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).
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<collectorName id="26C05897FFC0FFC107148C3CEA49B975" box="[301,370,2064,2087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Adult</collectorName>
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, sub-adult and recent emergent vouchers found within this exact microhabitat were collected
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC7FFC606B185DFEA66B359" bold="true" box="[136,349,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">
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<collectorName id="26C05897FFC7FFC606B185DFEBEAB359" box="[136,209,499,523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Larval</collectorName>
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diagnosis. –
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</emphasis>
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A small, sedentary tadpole (maximum TL ca.
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<quantity id="4CCD90A4FFC7FFC606E0863FEA19B378" box="[217,290,531,554]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="613" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
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); nostrils located at upper edge of snout tip, opening towards anterior; mouthparts consisting only of a pair of papillae on upper rim of oral aperture; prominent yolk sac (visible from dorsal perspective) up to advanced stages; nutritional mode endotrophic (non-feeding); vent median; tail fins low, dorsal fin originating after proximal
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<superScript id="7C409009FFC7FFC604B8869EE9B3B392" attach="right" box="[641,648,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">1</superScript>
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/
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<subScript id="17B13F04FFC7FFC604B68696E9ACB39A" attach="left" box="[655,663,698,712]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">4</subScript>
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of tail
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4A6DC9FFC0FFC1051283D8EF5DB910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" startId="3.[811,846,2036,2057]" targetBox="[811,1451,1191,2007]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC0FFC1051283D8EF5DB910" blockId="3.[811,1453,2036,2114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">
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Fig. 3. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) aspects of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3546C2FFC0FFC102DB83D8EE96B95B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1250,1453,2036,2057]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC0FFC102DB83D8EE96B95B" box="[1250,1453,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="612">Limnonectes laticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva (Stage 37). Note persistence of pronounced yolk sac, despite well developed hind limb buds.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC7FFC606B186DFE987B598" blockId="4.[136,775,755,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC7FFC606B186DFEA4DB259" bold="true" box="[136,374,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Larval morphology. –</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E21C4FFC7FFC607BC86DFEAEAB258" box="[389,465,755,778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[811,846,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[811,1451,1191,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-315@3.[811,1451,1191,1600]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) aspects of Limnonectes laticeps larva (Stage 37). Note persistence of pronounced yolk sac, despite well developed hind limb buds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E21C4FFC7FFC607E486DFEAD0B258" box="[477,491,755,778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[140,175,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[145,778,1307,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-590@4.[135,793,1291,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ventral aspect of larval Limnonectes laticeps (Stage 37). Note single pair of elongate papillae (P) trailing from upper rim of mouth; complete absence of anterior or posterior labia (and associated marginal/infra-marginal papillae), labial tooth rows, or jaw sheaths. Nostrils (N) visible at upper edge of snout; yolk sac (YS) extensive; H = heart; SO = spiracular opening. Scale bar = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244033/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">4</figureCitation>
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) Body elliptical, BL 1.45- 1.53 of BW, slightly depressed dorsoventrally, cross-section almost cylindrical, BH 0.85-0.94 of BW; snout rounded from dorsal perspective, truncate from lateral perspective, nostrils located at upper edge of snout tip, directed anteriorly; eyes lateral, IOD 2.48-2.61 of IND; spiracle sinistral, not projecting as a free tube, tapered towards the opening, opening directed backwards, spiracle visible from above and below, snout-spiracle 0.41-0.46 of BL; vent median, tapering towards narrow opening directed posteriorly, exceeds margin of ventral fin. Tail almost straight for entire length, except for abrupt tapering towards a round tip, dorsal fin originating after proximal
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<superScript id="7C409009FFC7FFC60713805EEA0AB5D2" attach="right" box="[298,305,1138,1152]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">1</superScript>
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/
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<subScript id="17B13F04FFC7FFC607018056EA7BB5DA" attach="left" box="[312,320,1146,1160]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">4</subScript>
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of tail, tail muscle deeper than either fins for proximal
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<superScript id="7C409009FFC7FFC6072380BEEA19B5F2" attach="right" box="[282,290,1170,1184]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">3</superScript>
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/
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<subScript id="17B13F04FFC7FFC6071080B6EA0AB5FA" attach="right" box="[297,305,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">4</subScript>
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. TAL 3.18-3.27 of BL, MTH 0.18-0.19 of TAL. No observable lateral line pores or glandules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC7FFC6057A85DFEE60B338" blockId="4.[835,1475,499,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC7FFC6057A85DFEF27B359" bold="true" box="[835,1052,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Colour/Markings. –</emphasis>
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In life, dorsum and flanks light beige to buff, lightly speckled with orange brown and whitish pigments; yolk sac creamy yellow; tail muscle translucent, tail fins clear, entire tail with scattered pigments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC7FFC6057A86BFEE4EB218" blockId="4.[835,1474,659,842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC7FFC6057A86BFE894B3F9" bold="true" box="[835,943,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Mouth. –</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E21C4FFC7FFC605FA86BFEF30B3F8" box="[963,1035,659,682]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[140,175,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[145,778,1307,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-590@4.[135,793,1291,1893]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Ventral aspect of larval Limnonectes laticeps (Stage 37). Note single pair of elongate papillae (P) trailing from upper rim of mouth; complete absence of anterior or posterior labia (and associated marginal/infra-marginal papillae), labial tooth rows, or jaw sheaths. Nostrils (N) visible at upper edge of snout; yolk sac (YS) extensive; H = heart; SO = spiracular opening. Scale bar = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244033/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) Entirely lacking any fleshy anterior/ posterior labia and associated labial teeth/jaw sheaths; a miniscule oral aperture (width ca. 1/10
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<superScript id="7C409009FFC7FFC602E186FEEFDFB3B2" attach="left" box="[1240,1252,722,736]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">th</superScript>
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of BW) flanked only by a pair of elongate papillae originating from upper rim of mouth, possibly serving the function of preventing particulate matter from entering buccal cavity while breathing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A3D41FFC7FFC6057A875FEF1CB478" blockId="4.[835,1475,883,1322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis id="B941E153FFC7FFC6057A875FEF56B2D9" bold="true" box="[835,1133,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="613">Developmental changes. –</emphasis>
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Although attempts to rear the larvae to complete metamorphosis were unsuccessful, the single most advanced larva (Stage 41, died 14 days after initial collection) was already beginning to exhibit characteristics of its parental species. These include slightly expanded toe tips, incomplete webbing of hindfeet and a dark, inverted chevron, scapular marking. Despite the advanced stage of this particular larva, the amount of yolk sac remaining still occupied just under half the volume of the entire body cavity. This larva was observed to swim to the water surface for gulps of air with increasing frequency as it matured. However, like the other larvae, it remained motionless at the bottom unless disturbed. The measurements of this small, but crucial, series are given in Table 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |