238 lines
25 KiB
XML
238 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="90AF362AB8911DB22BCBF1B0FC16AA32" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023064" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732139" ID-PubMed="38117272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628828" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954797701" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moyaba, Percy, Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms, Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla, Njokou, Flobert, Freitas, Ngambia, Vreysen, Marc Jb & Abd-Alla, Adly Mm" docDate="2023" docId="0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.62.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (62)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Spiroplasma" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="F774FFE3A172624EFFC8FFDDFFD14E49" masterDocTitle="Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1728043659770" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F9818E0620C221878D7388FC779DA26A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="93B5D7B20D4D0AA07CDFB10D3059B733">
|
||
<mods:title id="3377AE537391DB0F1F8951D6B192FFF0">Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="674B0658617A23036526220D6051BE04" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C6B9AB242A13D5C0AB43E30BD979F348">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7D48A5FF6A564D25A896B79CF0429C42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D62D380146775CF20892E11D3E48FA0A">Moyaba, Percy</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F749CDEE54107669EDEA7F8A4EE32AF3">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR),</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6C5F7A4501E6A409E9252A4B4F794C7C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9DA50EF2F2399478CE5F58DCD6F48425">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CF08E568A8CE02D83BDC9BB1C6A2980A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CFD3C112222D8A20911796E87F153388">Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="148AFD5E65B558398C5A89ACA3D28F35">Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT),</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8F2F65D6E88D44E9C320EE5070E5F6F5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3C40AC06A38E87DFAFBD689C35AB93F9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="05216C2312B1A85D1D1BC8C3E05FF3EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4ABF16B2F09348574F7B62F6A64701A0">Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="25ACE2AB65271C05678F5CA0BC828700">Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2AF120C28AA3B63D2362D9ABC5DFDB12" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4F5EE5F0A034D1184ED6256612381249">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5519084EFE2261AAEBBA0BE30C36E291">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="09A5D6DEE35214E257B599F53A836FB0">Njokou, Flobert</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7CBAC9EA805FCACD7C90630B09C55FF0">Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="428AA6F438BB44D865983DAB2CECEC42" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C664387DEE8082C26B222039C1AF1A34">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ACC9C70751F73968836D694F8F3BF172">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="465FF62899ED65952E6B67E0A57949B5">Freitas, Ngambia</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1F598591BE663C79E02868D25B6CC14E">Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C944BB484B41A27FC3DCE8DF2B8287AD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="174CE99E24D8E09D2FE7CAE334ECEAA5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="276D988224C1875229329BDE39440038">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BD1A574549244DFAE2C1FF5BC61E5A2B">Vreysen, Marc Jb</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A45620EF4D58441E3C715800DA536BCC">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0E4D8AB8E6C0D9EAE22CA175BF182D82" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1AD9A94F8D0D1C04D30639E9FD299527">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0C93B6EAA965FE46C6180AE24EB2AD46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F751095F440FB842190A1A1C2EAC70AD">Abd-Alla, Adly Mm</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1334D4C2CCB0056EB29D0CAD2ED11303">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="40A58C336530927289A98FA88D7D0A3B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B3E96FEC2BCBFFFD4F5BEAF69CF50024" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="312BFCB15CF8AAFC11B13C2A6E0CCE6D">
|
||
<mods:title id="BC197E36CA18D93C8976F879D810CAD3">Parasite</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="207FFB190E2A00BC2D405E246871F45B">
|
||
<mods:date id="437C0E851DE09F3D11376EF5FC9F05CE">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BF3408A24CDD7EDA1198E6AAC9000CCA" type="series">
|
||
<mods:title id="E521DC5BA60553B1C452615E5803E832">Paris, France</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E568F62C810C55DF34188F5E9CACFBC9" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="83D014F693BFDA6F75D4E4E78C267A37">2023-12-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7541A30A59B4F4EDBF57ADC5D22CE1D2" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3AE2DAFB9153DAB4C4ABCDDB1C5EABE3">30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="124E38D4B96D1841C765C0ED28D9B94B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="5C6955C1EED2A80FF1DC9D543C94BAAC">62</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="AEC7515C4590A1D34E2EF666E664AD8D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="9DC85920BDE08808E75B7CBBFBB28B15">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2FB7B3AC40D9313B690323958C397054">14</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="D3AEF2E4A579E977E07D64232254DB39">
|
||
<mods:url id="A902951C9A94AFC11847F05305BB12A7">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="DE706ACA76BE62916520C8745EBA734D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F25B8B7E5B4545A4A23D2FE408342631" type="DOI">10.1051/parasite/2023064</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A7CD8213CBC38AA888676E6F9705B914" type="ISSN">1776-1042</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="96129D59D7E26D9181FCA5449D952C16" type="PMC">PMC10732139</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5312FFAD3964049F9C203F807AB04B4D" type="PubMed">38117272</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5ACD1D3D54801B583B8AAFC612F09630" type="Zenodo-Dep">12628828</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4D879BA176624AFFB9FB44FB404FC9" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<subSubSection id="CBFE6506A176624AFFB9FB44FE194AFB" box="[113,456,1177,1202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFFB9FB44FE194AFB" blockId="4.[113,456,1132,1202]" box="[113,456,1177,1202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D81381E1A176624AFFB9FB44FE194AFB" box="[113,456,1177,1202]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFFB9FB44FE194AFB" bold="true" box="[113,456,1177,1202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Prevalence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFEE0FB44FE194AFB" ID-CoL="6466Q" authority="Saglio et al. 1973" box="[296,456,1177,1202]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFEE0FB44FE194AFB" bold="true" box="[296,456,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CBFE6506A176624AFF51FB12FB404FC9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFF51FB12FDBA481D" blockId="4.[113,768,1231,2049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFE82FB12FE1D4AAF" box="[330,460,1231,1254]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE82FB12FE1D4AAF" box="[330,460,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wild populations of tsetse flies was assessed using a PCR-based method to amplify part of the 16S
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFF20FAD1FEF24B6A" box="[232,291,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rRNA</emphasis>
|
||
gene. Positive samples were identified based on the observed amplicon band size in the electrophoresis gel for all tsetse species. Sequencing of the respective PCR amplicons revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFEBEFAB5FE294B36" box="[374,504,1384,1407]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFEBEFAB5FE294B36" box="[374,504,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infection was only confirmed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFF13FA5AFEA54BD7" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[219,372,1415,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachinoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFF13FA5AFEA54BD7" box="[219,372,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. tachinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE4DFA5AFE464BD7" box="[389,407,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 41) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDDBFA5AFD4E4BD7" box="[531,671,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFD85FA5AFD4E4BD7" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1910" box="[589,671,1415,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">fuscipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFD78FA5AFD134BD7" box="[688,706,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6), both belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFE93FA78FE7C4BF5" baseAuthorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[347,429,1445,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE93FA78FE7C4BF5" box="[347,429,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">palpalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenus (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFDEFFA78FDA74BF5" box="[551,630,1445,1468]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[197,255,109,130]" captionTargetBox="[197,2004,155,1280]" captionText="Table 1. Spiroplasma identification in 8 Glossina species from 10 different countries using 16S rRNA, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) , and Sanger sequencing." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFF50FA19FEE54B92" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1910" box="[152,308,1476,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFF50FA19FEE54B92" box="[152,308,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. brevipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE84FA19FDD44B92" box="[332,517,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. m.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFE68FA19FDD44B92" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[416,517,1476,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morsitans">morsitans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDD4FA19FE694BB0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. m. submorsitans,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFFB9FA3FFF2B4BB0" authorityName="Austen" authorityYear="1903" box="[113,250,1506,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipes">G. pallidipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, G. p. gambiensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE3DFA3FFD544BB0" box="[501,645,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
G. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFDFBFA3FFD544BB0" baseAuthorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[563,645,1506,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">palpalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the amplified sequence belonged to different microbial species, primarily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFFB9F9C2FEC1487F" authorityName="Frankland & Frankland" authorityYear="1887" box="[113,272,1567,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFFB9F9C2FEC1487F" box="[113,272,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bacillus cereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFED6F9C2FE2F487F" authorityName="Berliner" authorityYear="1915" box="[286,510,1567,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thuringiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFED6F9C2FE2F487F" box="[286,510,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bacillus thuringiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFDC5F9C2FD29487F" box="[525,760,1567,1590]" class="Bacilli" family="Enterococcaceae" genus="Enterococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="cecorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDC5F9C2FD29487F" box="[525,760,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Enterococcus cecorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some uncultured bacteria (Data not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFF51F981FB404FC9" blockId="4.[113,768,1231,2049]" lastBlockId="4.[813,1467,239,384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The PCR results indicated an overall
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFDF9F981FD62483A" box="[561,691,1628,1651]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDF9F981FD62483A" box="[561,691,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prevalence of 39.27% in
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE9AF9A6FE2448DB" box="[338,501,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFE9AF9A6FE2048DB" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[338,497,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Glossinidae" genus="Glossina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachinoides">G. tachinoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The prevalence did not differ significantly between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFE5EF944FDF548F9" box="[406,548,1689,1712]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFDF8F944FDA748F9" box="[560,630,1689,1712]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the laboratory colony (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFED1F96AFEF94886" bold="true" box="[281,296,1719,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFEE0F96FFEE3488B" attach="left" box="[296,306,1714,1730]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 2.12, df = 2, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDC0F965FDC44886" box="[520,533,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.34), with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFD64F965FF7348A4" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFF29F90BFEF448A4" box="[225,293,1750,1773]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
showing a prevalence rate of 46.56% and 52.94%, respectively (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFE9EF928FE754945" box="[342,420,1781,1804]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Global prevalence of Spiroplasma in Glossina tachinoides according to locations and countries." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, a significant variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFF5FF8C9FEC84962" box="[151,281,1812,1835]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFF5FF8C9FEC84962" box="[151,281,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prevalence was found across the various sampling locations (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFE89F8ECFE814900" bold="true" box="[321,336,1841,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFE98F8F1FE8B4975" attach="left" box="[336,346,1836,1852]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 22.61, df = 8, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDFEF8EFFD924900" box="[566,579,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.003) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFD79F8EFFD2E4900" box="[689,767,1842,1865]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Global prevalence of Spiroplasma in Glossina tachinoides according to locations and countries." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFF68F88DFF39492E" box="[160,232,1872,1895]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,180,1606,1627]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1074,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-353@6.[340,1247,1074,1586]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Prevalence of Spiroplasma according to location. Bars marked with the same lower-case letter do not differ significantly at the 0.05 level." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628830/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFED7F88DFEFD492E" box="[287,300,1872,1895]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,180,871,892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetId="figure-413@7.[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma (single and multiple) infections per country, location, and sex. Prevalence data were square root transformed and averaged based on location-sex and the matrix display was conducted in PRIMER version 7 + software. Tree on the left of the matrix is the similarity dendrogram based on the similarity index of the square root of the prevalence values. The color index is the square root of the prevalence values ranged 0–9 which is the square root of 0–81% prevalence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628832/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specifically, there was a significant difference in prevalence between the two sampling locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFFB9F853FF2C49EC" box="[113,253,1934,1957]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFEC4F850FECA49EC" bold="true" box="[268,283,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFED3F855FEF449D1" attach="left" box="[283,293,1928,1944]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 6.459, df = 1, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDCFF853FDC549EC" box="[519,532,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.01), with a higher prevalence observed in Folonzo. Similarly, a significant difference was found between the prevalence rate in different locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFF02F834FEDF4649" box="[202,270,2025,2048]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFED7F834FEFF4648" bold="true" box="[287,302,2025,2049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFEE6F83EFEE949BA" attach="left" box="[302,312,2019,2035]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 11.955, df = 5, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFDFCF837FD904648" box="[564,577,2026,2049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.03), with the highest prevalence observed in the Mortani region (98.44%), where 100% of the female flies were infected. Conversely, the lowest prevalence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFBADFEF1FB364F0A" box="[1125,1255,300,323]" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFBADFEF1FB364F0A" box="[1125,1255,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spiroplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded in Kumpole,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFC56FE97FC304F28" box="[926,993,330,353]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(25%), with male flies showing no sign of infection (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFC50FEB4FC394FC9" box="[920,1000,361,384]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Global prevalence of Spiroplasma in Glossina tachinoides according to locations and countries." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFC3FFEB4FBEE4FC9" box="[1015,1087,361,384]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,180,1606,1627]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1074,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-353@6.[340,1247,1074,1586]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Prevalence of Spiroplasma according to location. Bars marked with the same lower-case letter do not differ significantly at the 0.05 level." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628830/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFBBEFEB4FB524FC9" box="[1142,1155,361,384]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,180,871,892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetId="figure-413@7.[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma (single and multiple) infections per country, location, and sex. Prevalence data were square root transformed and averaged based on location-sex and the matrix display was conducted in PRIMER version 7 + software. Tree on the left of the matrix is the similarity dendrogram based on the similarity index of the square root of the prevalence values. The color index is the square root of the prevalence values ranged 0–9 which is the square root of 0–81% prevalence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628832/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |