treatments-xml/data/EF/2F/87/EF2F87FC1B6DC402FF58BFCBFC9DEC00.xml
2024-06-21 12:57:04 +02:00

170 lines
19 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="04451B0F3E53D54CA60515504575005E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3835.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01da15e5-14ca-4506-89fd-2055b906f4ff" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249622" ID-ZooBank="F492B5ED-0CA7-436B-94AF-EE4C99D630AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460457528435" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. &amp; Cunha, Carlo M." docDate="2014" docId="EF2F87FC1B6DC402FF58BFCBFC9DEC00" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03835p468.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3835 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cranopsis apostrema Simone &amp; Cunha, 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="448" masterDocId="1316FF841B66C409FFCFBF5CFF85E92F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomical study on the mollusks collected in Marion-Dufresne (MD 55) and other expeditions to SE Brazil: the Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1698302498860" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="17252068A306D8261F09437AB2CD2C36" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="72916388380FB4056F0753BC5095DBD1">
<mods:title id="F5348B501F4EF9041E13123F734143C9">Taxonomical study on the mollusks collected in Marion-Dufresne (MD 55) and other expeditions to SE Brazil: the Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4A86AF3DD6FE7E8D1153289ED0A34C64" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9C6A16F5FE2BCF82C4E037B76C6D16A2">
<mods:roleTerm id="658FBFFB83D61E6DFC40083B1C481849">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="699131BD5C704517E63089218FC7E653">Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A149583BE4939D2DCDBA478547D273A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9ADC15D74B29D1D3F7D147871041BFD4">
<mods:roleTerm id="6662FD30B85C244439F4AA3A5DB8B0B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A9492C076A14FFE92B7D58C2690E166D">Cunha, Carlo M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DBC39091A9D0247990B6011300CEA9C1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="04DDFAB953121F1CC3CF0D0CD08E28BD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="831A3B2F9CD1459A6D3FE0E54D369593">
<mods:title id="90AD3A54FB83E90AD24E9A058C7700F0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3BA9614B3CC1FF9E5DB2BBDA0CFE378D">
<mods:date id="7BC1E7D3709F1763CB8CB447DC312111">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E87699ACD02CFE2D8F27E5A295779C77" type="volume">
<mods:number id="53C86EA193BC2CFB9E56F07E6E612C7F">3835</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="36C8E08596EFAF85CB3F4BA5E237D4EC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6EA242BBBB91F2CB3AFBD4FF96AE1F8E">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="41FB7F1237D09FCD5459EA49C2DE5E63" unit="page">
<mods:start id="07BB84135F6069CCB7A4C4E6B8B5E643">437</mods:start>
<mods:end id="11A46101028681BD6D504826307E2BE5">468</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AE3E8439312232BC7EC62DBA9D36633A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2F0FD09D0B3B05BD99DB80531FC77F5F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3835.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E11847484B9CACC4349DA08EA66F37AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">01da15e5-14ca-4506-89fd-2055b906f4ff</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF0CD2B9647FE057E472A4A964D804A1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F5D05917596D4C0240C9BFAF18B1DDA5" type="Zenodo-Dep">249622</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4D149B66FCAFA116B6D1810F7DD0DEF8" type="ZooBank">F492B5ED-0CA7-436B-94AF-EE4C99D630AF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="EF2F87FC1B6DC402FF58BFCBFC9DEC00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF2F87FC1B6DC402FF58BFCBFC9DEC00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF2F87FC1B6DC402FF58BFCBFC9DEC00" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF58BFCBFEAFE8E0" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF58BFCBFDA8E99D" blockId="11.[151,557,151,211]" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<heading id="3C7181861B6DC402FF58BFCBFDA8E99D" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" reason="1">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF58BFCBFDA8E99D" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="A0864D691B6DC402FF58BFCBFE10E99E" ID-CoL="7QTTV" box="[151,405,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fissurellidae" genus="Cranopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepetellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="apostrema" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF58BFCBFE10E99E" bold="true" box="[151,405,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Cranopsis apostrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4EC157831B6DC402FE52BFC4FDA8E99D" box="[413,557,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF58BFE6FEBDE9FC" blockId="11.[151,557,151,211]" box="[151,312,186,211]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Figures 5665</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF58BE5EFEAFE8E0" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF58BE5EFF66E834" bold="true" box="[151,227,258,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FF58BE5EFF5AE834" box="[151,223,258,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FF23BE5EFED1E834" box="[236,340,258,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
MNHN 25300.
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FDDDBE5FFD06E834" box="[530,643,259,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: MNHN 25301, 25 shells, MZSP 105509, 10 shells, MNRJ 25961, 4 shells; all from
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FE9ABE7BFE00E810" box="[341,389,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<collectingCountry id="1F91767A1B6DC402FE38BE7AFDBAE810" box="[503,575,294,319]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Espírito Santo; continental slope of Abrolhos (MD55; Bouchet, Leal &amp; Métivier col.;
<date id="1338102A1B6DC402FEFABE17FE29E84C" box="[309,428,331,355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" value="1987-05-27">27/v/1987</date>
); off Itaúnas,
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FD8BBE16FD24E84C" box="[580,673,330,355]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-18.983334">18°59S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FD68BE17FC8BE84C" box="[679,782,331,355]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-37.8">37°48W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FCD6BE16FC1FE84D" box="[793,922,330,355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.135" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.07" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="613.5" valueMax="620.0" valueMin="607.0">607620 m</quantity>
, MNHN 25302, 3 shells (sta. DC73),
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FA8FBE16FA19E84C" box="[1344,1436,330,355]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-18.966667">18°58S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FF58BE33FF7BE8A8" box="[151,254,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-37.8">37°48W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FEC5BE32FED6E8A9" box="[266,339,366,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.82" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="682.0">682 m</quantity>
, MNHN 25303, 1 shell (sta. SY74); off Regência,
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FC40BE33FC6FE8A8" box="[911,1002,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-19.666666">19°40S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FC3DBE33FBDCE8A8" box="[1010,1113,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-37.8">37°48W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FBAABE33FB63E8A9" box="[1125,1254,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="865.0" valueMax="940.0" valueMin="790.0">790940 m</quantity>
, MNHN 25304, 1 shell (sta. CB77). Rio de Janeiro; Campos Basin,
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FD1BBECFFCE8E884" box="[724,877,403,427]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="1" value="-22.709389">22°4233.8”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FCBBBECFFB9CE884" box="[884,1049,403,427]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="1" value="-40.690056">40°4084.2”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FBEBBECFFB26E885" box="[1060,1187,403,427]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="110.0">110120 m</quantity>
, MNRJ 17234, 1 shell (
<date id="1338102A1B6DC402FF50BEEAFE9BE8E0" box="[159,286,438,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" value="2009-09-19">19/ix/2009</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BE86FCD4EB38" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BE86FCD4EB38" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BE86FEECE8DC" bold="true" box="[199,361,474,499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FF08BE86FE87E8DC" box="[199,258,474,499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1F91767A1B6DC402FEBCBE86FE3EE8DC" box="[371,443,474,499]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Espírito Santo; off Itaúnas, continental slope of Abrolhos,
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FBBABE86FB54E8DC" box="[1141,1233,474,499]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-18.983334">18°59S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="02B2502D1B6DC402FB13BE86FAC6E8DC" box="[1244,1347,474,499]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" precision="925" value="-37.833332">37°50W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FA9DBE86FA19E8DD" box="[1362,1436,474,499]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="295.0">295 m</quantity>
(MD55 sta. DC75; Bouchet, Leal &amp; Métivier col.,
<date id="1338102A1B6DC402FD00BEA3FCC0EB38" box="[719,837,511,535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" value="1987-05-27">27/v/1987</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BD7EFAB8EB70" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BD7EFAB8EB70" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BD7EFEC4EB14" bold="true" box="[199,321,546,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Apex curved posteriorly, located in middle level in profile. Height ca. 45% of length; width 66% of length. Sculptured by 53 radial cords, with pustules. Foramen flanked by low edges; located high on shell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BD36FAA2ED54" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="description">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BD36FDEDED78" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BD36FEDCEBAC" bold="true" box="[199,345,618,643]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Description.</emphasis>
Shell size ca.
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FDCBBD36FDCEEBAD" box="[516,587,618,643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; bluntly conical; height ca. 45% of length. Pure white. Protoconch of 1.5 rounded whorls (Fig. 60, 65); situated on right (Figs 57, 59); smooth, glossy; size 240 µm. Foramen cuneiform (pointed anteriorly), width 13% of length; located dorsally, preceding anterior slope; ca. 6% of shell width, ca. 25% of shell length; edges irregular (Figs 56, 61, 63). Groove anterior to fissure very narrow; flanked by cords of similar strength as neighbor cords. Beak curved dorso-posteriorly, located anterior to posterior 1/3 of shell length (in dorsal view), in middle of shell height in profile; teleoconch of one whorl, overall angle in lateral view ca. 110° (Figs 57, 59, 62, 64). Sculpture of ca. 53 (range 5055) narrow primary radial cords (Figs 5657, 5964), with small pustules; gradually increasing in strength towards aperture; in ventral half secondary cords gradually appearing; each pustule separated from neighboring pustules in line by space ca.1/2 of its width; interspaces ca. twice as wide as cord; ca. 60 pustules along threads close to median line. Selenizone short, narrower than foramen; edges simple, low; smooth internally (Figs 56, 61, 63). Aperture planar (Figs 57, 59, 64) to slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="FFBD2A6F1B6DC402FB2DBC8EFABDEAC4" box="[1250,1336,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 65" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 61 65: Cranopsis apostrema n. sp. Fig. 61: paratype MZSP 105509 (L 4.8 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 62: same, left view. Fig. 63: same station, other specimen in SEM, dorsal view (L 4.4 mm). Fig. 64: same, right view. Fig. 65: same, detail of apical region (right side = 1 mm). FIGURES 66 75: Cranopsis alaris n. sp. Fig. 66: holotype MNHN 25305 (L 3.3 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 67: same, right view. Fig. 68: same, left view. Fig. 69: same, ventral-slightly right view. Fig. 70: paratype MZSP 105512 (L 2.7 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 71: same, right view. Fig. 72: same, detail of apical region, SEM, right view, scale = 50 µm. Fig. 73: same, SEM, right view. Fig. 74: same, dorsal-slightly right view. Fig. 75: same, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
); outline elliptical, width approximately 66% of length; edges smooth. Inner surface smooth, glossy (Fig. 58). Septum ca. 40% of shell height; twice as high as wide, ventral edge slightly concave, ca. 25% of aperture width; gradually narrowing up to posterior edge of fissure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BB3EFAA2ED54" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" box="[199,1319,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BB3EFE66ED54" bold="true" box="[199,483,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FE24BB3EFDDDED54" box="[491,600,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 4.8 by 2.5;
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FD2FBB3FFCC7ED54" box="[736,834,1123,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
MZSP 105509#1: 4.8 by 2.5 (
<figureCitation id="FFBD2A6F1B6DC402FB58BB3EFA9FED54" box="[1175,1306,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 65" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1731]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 61 65: Cranopsis apostrema n. sp. Fig. 61: paratype MZSP 105509 (L 4.8 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 62: same, left view. Fig. 63: same station, other specimen in SEM, dorsal view (L 4.4 mm). Fig. 64: same, right view. Fig. 65: same, detail of apical region (right side = 1 mm). FIGURES 66 75: Cranopsis alaris n. sp. Fig. 66: holotype MNHN 25305 (L 3.3 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 67: same, right view. Fig. 68: same, left view. Fig. 69: same, ventral-slightly right view. Fig. 70: paratype MZSP 105512 (L 2.7 mm), dorsal view. Fig. 71: same, right view. Fig. 72: same, detail of apical region, SEM, right view, scale = 50 µm. Fig. 73: same, SEM, right view. Fig. 74: same, dorsal-slightly right view. Fig. 75: same, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Figs 6162</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BBDAFCEBEDEC" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BBDAFB9CEDB0" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" box="[199,1049,1158,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BBDAFEE5EDB0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1158,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Distribution.</emphasis>
Continental slope off Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro,
<collectingCountry id="1F91767A1B6DC402FC02BBDAFB90EDB0" box="[973,1045,1158,1183]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BBF6FCEBEDEC" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" box="[199,878,1194,1219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BBF6FEAFEDEC" bold="true" box="[199,298,1194,1219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sandy mud bottoms,
<quantity id="A07E9B0F1B6DC402FDD1BBF7FD19EDED" box="[542,668,1195,1219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" unit="m" value="525.0" valueMax="940.0" valueMin="110.0">110940 m</quantity>
(dead specimens).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BB92FE7AEDC9" box="[199,511,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BB92FE7AEDC9" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" box="[199,511,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BB92FE35EDC8" bold="true" box="[199,432,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="B83D88481B6DC402FE78BB93FE7DEDC8" box="[439,504,1231,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F9C65611B6DC402FF08BBAEFC9DEC00" pageId="11" pageNumber="448" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="673936EA1B6DC402FF08BBAEFC9DEC00" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FF08BBAEFECBEC24" bold="true" box="[199,334,1266,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek,
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FC46BBAFFC36EC25" box="[905,947,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">apo</emphasis>
, meaning separate, and
<emphasis id="55F2EAF81B6DC402FB1DBBAFFA98EC25" box="[1234,1309,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="448">extrem</emphasis>
, related to strike; an allusion to delicate radial sculpture of the shell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>