440 lines
51 KiB
XML
440 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="EEAE082372A0B91D64E7ACD5FE889B82" ID-CLB-Dataset="50586" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4097.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff812d6f-8545-4f28-b024-4cbd39413098" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265277" ID-ZooBank="9D1538CB-C539-4540-8DA0-BD91CE0292F9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459767233828" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barbo, Fausto E., Gasparini, João Luiz, Almeida, Antonio P., Zaher, Hussam, Grazziotin, Felipe G., Gusmão, Rodrigo B., Ferrarini, José Mário G. & Sawaya, Ricardo J." docDate="2016" docId="03F087AFFFD9C85C47EAFCD3FEEBFE0E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4097.4.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4097 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothrops sazimai Barbo, Gasparini, Almeida, Zaher, Grazziotin, Gusmão, Ferrarini & Sawaya, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="524" masterDocId="FFC9FFD7FFDCC851477DFFB5FFCEFF86" masterDocTitle="Another new and threatened species of lancehead genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Ilha dos Franceses, Southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="511" pageNumber="516" updateTime="1698223015365" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A81D3CC25F9C2A72EC41AC598E2FEC98">
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<mods:title id="43079F63B4C2A3B70395DE3E2D0D2FE7">Another new and threatened species of lancehead genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Ilha dos Franceses, Southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A8A8F21DB22B92F66EFBE1E3A3D70873" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5BC30C3CDBA45C51EFFCB90E3BAA9899">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EFEBB91396871DFBA1D5022263B7F9B3">Barbo, Fausto E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2ADA3BD8FBC66DD91EB4020E590E333B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="673F6C4BFE4CCF86700263A6E3B59EA0">Gasparini, João Luiz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CBC841C9C88A564DE40E23705C20B373" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="00BDAC25336C089FB1FF7B4128619925">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A4746C42B2C3CA736F2E58A68F3D0DDA">Almeida, Antonio P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="23EC159A3C20B6D08867408E0D3963AF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6E3965CE158113861B1204C4B93DD65C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="76111DC563C41636F3BAA5F9D7CB4905">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="40D4BFF123D38F978BAC765DA4C162DD">Zaher, Hussam</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2AE503431A792111BF8F3C27846F9DCC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DDED6450DA12FD8AAB2784B243CE340E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AEDE1E82F866B08CA3C0FD257EDEB817">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3ADA7F64B27DE925400391D65B76883A">Grazziotin, Felipe G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2347F6598734D01FB91A49DC86143DCC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4DA9E761A0FFEB50C2AA628188E00FA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="728AA20F35CEBE513CEBE15E8CE26356">Gusmão, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="778D9713A9B736DF98922310103441DE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB8DABB027FBF65141820CC80C17D385">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5AD25E1D3CC25FF09649BEF6EB63092F">Ferrarini, José Mário G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7CB981DE825E7EE487B2E5A4185F1564" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0557D91CE62F18E1168276E78E10F1A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5FDB98C28D31CE19F5248BC745BA7C1F">Sawaya, Ricardo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="89EBAFEC9CA420576DA033A0F67484F0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8DA0C8C35385063736CCD031B4EABA76">
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<mods:title id="826CE7905FBA76CC4EA3349057957298">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E4FA90C61E4A12D6CB2913E9FC66DB48">
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<mods:date id="86E7D256070DFDCBBC662A53A4F439AE">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D3E5614134A30AD2F5256D8D65A24295" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A83DA2C6D8AAED8EA007D71CA719A6ED">4097</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="040F54E4B384175A3BF713F5BB0CA76C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="95ECE5BF5CE757FDCA3D507BFA07126A">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="215388A33DE91C0D2FA308B1EF6D300F">511</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A440E936D8239B121CD02A7A73E8AB90">529</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="67C29D5F30A6A2DEB109C0A9C0B561DB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="666B4E2F417B8983669B322DE3A8DF76" type="CLB-Dataset">50586</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E25D71B869E26BC6D2D63D8498406351" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4097.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="352823BDFDBFB34CD6CADB1F37F07525" type="GBIF-Dataset">ff812d6f-8545-4f28-b024-4cbd39413098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="78DA52DD841CE83A507CAAA2A6D8DEFE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="680A1405A72D116A6DF7C7EFBBD71D57" type="Zenodo-Dep">265277</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F409963AFB6E68A0B906D12BBA59BF2C" type="ZooBank">9D1538CB-C539-4540-8DA0-BD91CE0292F9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F087AFFFD9C85C47EAFCD3FEEBFE0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6080968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119346447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6080968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087AFFFD9C85C47EAFCD3FEEBFE0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087AFFFD9C85C47EAFCD3FEEBFE0E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD9C85447EAFCD3FECEFC24" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447EAFCD3FE03FC06" blockId="5.[151,461,870,930]" box="[151,461,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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<heading id="D0AE81D5FFD9C85447EAFCD3FE03FC06" bold="true" box="[151,461,870,896]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447EAFCD3FE03FC06" bold="true" box="[151,461,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C85447EAFCD3FEA7FC06" box="[151,361,870,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447EAFCD3FEA7FC06" bold="true" box="[151,361,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57D0FFD9C8544612FCD3FE03FC06" box="[367,461,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447EAFC3CFECEFC24" blockId="5.[151,461,870,930]" box="[151,256,905,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD9C85447EAFC3CFECEFC24" box="[151,256,905,930]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox-0="[254,1319,205,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1395,193,1759]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1430,195,1491]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[237,1334,193,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[172,1415,171,1789]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[150,1437,193,1496]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of head of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) views of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 20 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Active specimens of Bothrops sazimai at night in different macrohabitats on the island. Over fallen trunks and twigs (A); coiled over trees (B) (MZUSP 22230); two individuals close to one another and moving on the ground (C); on the rocks near the sea (D); coiled on the ground (MZUSP 22232) (E). Photographs by R. Sawaya (A, E), R. Zorzal (B), F. Barbo (C), and T. Portillo (D)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/265279/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/265280/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/265281/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD9C85447EAFC64FA4EFC61" box="[151,1408,977,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447EAFC64FA4EFC61" blockId="5.[151,1408,977,999]" box="[151,1408,977,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C85447EAFC64FE9CFC61" box="[151,338,977,999]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
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||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447EAFC64FE9CFC61" box="[151,338,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Bothrops jararaca</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B48FFD9C8544616FC64FDBFFC61" author="Campbell" box="[363,625,977,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" refString="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W. (2004) The Venomous Reptiles of the Western hemisphere. Vol. 1. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, 476 pp." type="book" year="2004">Campbell & Lamar, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 1, 1–476:391. (in part).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD9C85447EAFBA1FF30FB66" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447EAFBA1FAB4FBD6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1044,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447EAFBA1FEC5FBAB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1044,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E2881BFFD9C85447EAFBA1FEC8FBAB" box="[151,262,1044,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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An adult male,
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<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C85446A7FBA1FDF9FBAA" box="[474,567,1044,1068]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
22228, collected by our team on
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<date id="FFE71079FFD9C85444A3FBA0FB42FBAA" box="[990,1164,1044,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" value="2013-05-14">May 14, 2013</date>
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||
, at
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7629FFD9C85443BDFBA1FB22FBAB" box="[1216,1260,1044,1069]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Ilha</collectingCountry>
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dos Franceses (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6D507EFFD9C85447E2FB82FEECFBD6" box="[159,290,1079,1104]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" precision="15" value="-20.926666">20°55'36"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D507EFFD9C8544650FB82FE74FBD6" box="[301,442,1079,1104]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" precision="15" value="-40.754166">40°45'15"W</geoCoordinate>
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), municipality of Itapemirim, Itaoca beach, state of Espírito Santo,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7629FFD9C85443D0FB82FB3FFBD6" box="[1197,1265,1079,1104]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD9C854427CFB82FAA3FBD6" box="[1281,1389,1079,1104]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[254,1319,205,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1395,193,1759]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[237,1334,193,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[172,1415,171,1789]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of head of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) views of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/265279/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/265280/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447BAFBE9FF30FB66" blockId="5.[151,1436,1044,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447BAFBE9FE88FBF3" bold="true" box="[199,326,1116,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E2881BFFD9C85447BAFBE9FE8FFBF3" box="[199,321,1116,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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Fourteen specimens:
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544535FBE9FD4DFBF2" box="[584,643,1116,1140]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">IBSP</collectionCode>
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||
86673 (female),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C854442FFBE9FC43FBF2" box="[850,909,1116,1140]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">IBSP</collectionCode>
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||
86674–75 (males),
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<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544307FBE8FB01FBF2" box="[1146,1231,1117,1140]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MBML</collectionCode>
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||
3319 (male with hemipenis prepared),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C85446EFFB35FE26FB11" box="[402,488,1152,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MBML</collectionCode>
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||
3320–21 (females),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C85445A6FB35FCFEFB11" box="[731,816,1152,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MBML</collectionCode>
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||
3322 (male),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C85444A7FB35FBE1FB11" box="[986,1071,1152,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MBML</collectionCode>
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||
3323 (female),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544393FB35FA85FB1E" box="[1262,1355,1152,1176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
22229 (male),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544790FB11FE84FB3A" box="[237,330,1188,1212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
22230 (female),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544576FB11FDA6FB3A" box="[523,616,1188,1212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
22231 (male),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C854446FFB11FCA1FB3A" box="[786,879,1188,1212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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||
22232 (female),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544352FB11FBB6FB3A" box="[1071,1144,1188,1212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">ZUEC</collectionCode>
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||
3383 (male),
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||
<collectionCode id="ED48AE7CFFD9C8544269FB11FA93FB3A" box="[1300,1373,1188,1212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">ZUEC</collectionCode>
|
||
3384 (female).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD9C85447BAFB59FDC4F95E" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447BAFB59FE02FA3E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1044,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447BAFB59FE8FFA83" bold="true" box="[199,321,1260,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544633FB59FDD8FA82" box="[334,534,1260,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544633FB59FDD8FA82" box="[334,534,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C854448EFB58FBB5FA82" box="[1011,1147,1261,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C854448EFB58FBB5FA82" box="[1011,1147,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the following combination of characters: (1) larger eyes; (2) shorter and higher head; (3) slender body; (4) relative longer tail; (5) dorsum predominantly grayish and/or brownish; (6) venter creamish white, speckled in gray; (7) postorbital stripes with the same color of lateral saddles; (8) usually two postoculars; (9) 22–25 interictals; (10) 20–24 anterior dorsals; (11) 20–23 midbody dorsals; (12) 198–214 ventrals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C85444BBFAC9FB8BFA13" box="[966,1093,1404,1429]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0673" metricValueMax="5.2324" metricValueMin="4.9022" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="in" value="199.5" valueMax="206.0" valueMin="193.0">193–206 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (13) 54–65 subcaudals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C8544664FA2AFEB2FA3E" box="[281,380,1439,1464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6764" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.5748" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="in" value="66.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="62.0">62–70 in</quantity>
|
||
males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85447BAFA71FDC4F95E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1044,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C85447BAFA71FE46FA5A" box="[199,392,1476,1500]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447BAFA71FE46FA5A" box="[199,392,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the mainland populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544421FA70FC13FA5A" box="[860,989,1477,1500]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544421FA70FC13FA5A" box="[860,989,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller adult size (SVL), relative longer tail (RTL), slender body, and larger eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD9C85445CAFA52FD35F986" box="[695,763,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[181,1369,209,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[167,1388,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Canonical analysis of females (A) and males (B) of Bothrops jararaca species group. Limits of variation in head shape were defined by 95 % confidence ellipses and computed by parametric bootstrap. Blue = population from Ilha dos Franceses; Red = population of B. jararaca from mainland portions of the state of Espírito Santo; Green = other mainland populations of B. jararaca, from the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265278/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table 1). The new species can be easily distinguished from the other three species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544697F9B8FDA3F9A2" box="[490,621,1549,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544697F9B8FDA3F9A2" box="[490,621,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C85445B7F9B8FC89F9A2" box="[714,839,1548,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcatraz">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85445B7F9B8FC89F9A2" box="[714,839,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. alcatraz</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C854442BF9B8FC17F9A2" box="[854,985,1548,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C854442BF9B8FC17F9A2" box="[854,985,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544366F9B8FB44F9A2" box="[1051,1162,1549,1572]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otavioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544366F9B8FB44F9A2" box="[1051,1162,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. otavioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by a higher number of ventrals and subcaudals (Table 1). It further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544445F984FC73F9CE" box="[824,957,1584,1608]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544445F984FC73F9CE" box="[824,957,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its grayish or brownish ground color pattern, smaller length of adults, relative smaller head, and relative smaller tail. The new species is also distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C854460FF9CCFE23F916" box="[370,493,1656,1680]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcatraz">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C854460FF9CCFE23F916" box="[370,493,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. alcatraz</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD9C8544559F9CCFD5CF909" box="[548,658,1656,1680]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otavioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C8544559F9CCFD5CF909" box="[548,658,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">B. otavioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its larger adult size, presence of conspicuous yellowish tail tip in juveniles, and additionally from the latter species by the presence of two postoculars and higher number of intersupraocular scales (Table 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD9C85B47BAF951FC40FD01" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD9C85847BAF951FDD1F88A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1044,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,1671,2023]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD9C85447BAF951FDD5F97B" bold="true" box="[199,539,1764,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E2881BFFD9C85446D0F951FDD8F97B" box="[429,534,1764,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male; total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C8544438F951FC67F97A" box="[837,937,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="738.0">738 mm</quantity>
|
||
; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C854448AF951FB95F97A" box="[1015,1115,1764,1789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="630.0">630 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C85443EBF951FB39F97A" box="[1174,1271,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 mm</quantity>
|
||
(17% of total length);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7629FFD9C854478BF8BDFED4F899" box="[246,282,1800,1823]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">TR</collectingCountry>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C854465EF8B2FE57F899" box="[291,409,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.041" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="604.1">604.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C854454FF8B2FD59F899" box="[562,663,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="25.9">25.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.49% of trunk); head width
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C8544489F8BDFB92F899" box="[1012,1116,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mass
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C85443D7F8B2FB3FF8A6" box="[1194,1265,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.2299999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="g" value="52.3">52.3 g</quantity>
|
||
(after draining preservative). Rostral
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C85446EEF899FE25F8C2" box="[403,491,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD9C8544547F899FD5CF8C2" box="[570,658,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; nasal divided anterior and posterior to nostril; loreal trapezial and single; prefoveals 2/2; postfoveals 2/2; prelacunal fused with second supralabial forming lacunolabial on both sides; preoculars 2/2; postoculars 2/2; supralabials 8/8; interoculabials 3/2; circumorbitals 6/6; temporals 5/6; infralabials 10/10, first three pairs contacting chin shields; four gulars between chin shields and first ventral scales; six rows of gulars separating first ventral scales from 8th infralabial; canthals 2/2; five anterior intercanthals; four posterior intercanthals; rows of anterior, central and posterior intersupraoculars
|
||
<date id="FFE71079FFD5C8584343F93DFB47F926" box="[1086,1161,1672,1696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="520" value="2012-07-07">7/7/12</date>
|
||
; interrictals 22; dorsals reducting posteriorly 21/21/17; ventrals 196; cloacal plate single; divided subcaudals 64. Posterior cephalic scales longer than wide and strongly keeled; intersupralabials scales weakly keeled; temporal scales keeled; internasals, canthals, and supraoculars smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFDAC85747EAF8DEFB75F85B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265278/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="517" targetBox="[181,1369,209,1833]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFDAC85747EAF8DEFB75F85B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1899,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDAC85747EAF8DEFEDDF806" bold="true" box="[151,275,1899,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="517">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Canonical analysis of females (A) and males (B) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFDAC857444DF8DEFC22F807" box="[816,1004,1899,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDAC857444DF8DEFC22F807" box="[816,1004,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="517">Bothrops jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Limits of variation in head shape were defined by 95% confidence ellipses and computed by parametric bootstrap. Blue = population from Ilha dos Franceses; Red = population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFDAC857469AF81FFD90F839" box="[487,606,1962,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDAC857469AF81FFD90F839" box="[487,606,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="517">B. jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mainland portions of the state of Espírito Santo; Green = other mainland populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFDAC8574652F87CFE6DF858" box="[303,419,1993,2014]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDAC8574652F87CFE6DF858" box="[303,419,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="517">B. jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFDBC85647EAF80FFEEEF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265279/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" targetBox="[254,1319,205,1952]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFDBC85647EAF80FFEEEF869" blockId="7.[151,1436,1978,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDBC85647EAF80FFEDDF849" bold="true" box="[151,275,1978,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of head of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFDBC856448AF80FFB68F856" box="[1015,1190,1978,2000]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFDBC856448AF80FFB68F856" box="[1015,1190,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFD4C85947EAF8B7FF0BF8B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265280/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" targetBox="[192,1395,193,1759]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD4C85947EAF8B7FF0BF8B1" blockId="8.[151,1435,1794,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD4C85947EAF8B7FEDAF891" bold="true" box="[151,276,1794,1816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) views of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD4C85944EFF8B7FB8DF89E" box="[914,1091,1794,1816]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD4C85944EFF8B7FB8DF89E" box="[914,1091,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 20 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFD5C85847EAFA5BFE48F9E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265281/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="520" targetBox="[151,1430,195,1491]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD5C85847EAFA5BFE48F9E6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1518,1632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD5C85847EAFA5BFEDBF985" bold="true" box="[151,277,1518,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="520">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Active specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD5C8584684FA5BFD64F982" box="[505,682,1518,1540]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD5C8584684FA5BFD64F982" box="[505,682,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="520">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at night in different macrohabitats on the island. Over fallen trunks and twigs (A); coiled over trees (B) (MZUSP 22230); two individuals close to one another and moving on the ground (C); on the rocks near the sea (D); coiled on the ground (MZUSP 22232) (E). Photographs by R. Sawaya (A, E), R. Zorzal (B), F. Barbo (C), and T. Portillo (D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD5C85B47BAF8A2FE67FF7E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1671,2023]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,647]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="9" pageNumber="520">
|
||
Coloration in life was grayish on dorsal surface with 15/14 lateral trapezoidal markings (saddles) irregularly defined, dark brown-gray with well-defined borders, weakly pale-grayish edged, opposite and alternate to each other in middle of dorsum; dorsum of head grayish, spotted with two small well-defined dark blotches between occipital–temporal portion and neck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD5C858453CF836FD61F81A" box="[577,687,1923,1948]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[254,1319,205,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1395,193,1759]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[237,1334,193,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[172,1415,171,1789]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of head of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) views of the holotype of Bothrops sazimai (MZUSP 22228). Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/265279/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/265280/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="520">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
); postorbital stripe is dark brown, bordered below by a thin white line. Extends from behind eye, covering superior portion of 6th, 7th and 8th supralabials, up to three scales long behind rictual region and three scales downwards to ventral direction; gular region mostly whitish-creamish, with infralabials and symphysial speckled of gray; venter mostly whitish anteriorly, speckled in gray posteriorly and covering cloacal plate; tail grayish dorsally, covered with small dark gray lateral blotches, with subcaudals speckled in ventral plan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD6C85B47BAFEB1FC8DFE0D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B47BAFEB1FE7DFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,435,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Variation (Table 1).</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of head can vary from entirely brownish or grayish, with or without brownish stripes and blotches between supraoculars and the neck. Second supralabial fused with prelacunal forming the lacunolabial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B464FFEF8FE8EFEE2" box="[306,320,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23), partially fused (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4536FEF8FD97FEE2" box="[587,601,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6), or separated (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4440FEF8FC85FEE2" box="[829,843,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6). Besides differences in pholidosis, adult males have longer tail than females (Table 1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4531FEC6FDAEFE0C" box="[588,608,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">H</emphasis>
|
||
= 15.55,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B45B5FEC6FD18FE0C" box="[712,726,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD6C85B47BAFE23FC40FD01" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B47BAFE23FE0DFE29" bold="true" box="[199,451,406,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
Hemipenis (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B461FFE22FEBFFE28" bold="true" box="[354,369,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
There is no evident variation in hemipenial morphology regarding shape and ornamentation. Fully everted and maximally expanded organ moderately bilobed, subcylindrical, and bicapitate; small and medium ossified spines covering proximal region of hemipenis; hemipenial body and intralobular region asymmetrically covered by spinules on proximal portion, and medium and large spines on median and distal portions on both sulcate and asulcate sides of organ; ossified spinules bordering sulcus spermaticus up to capitulum, excepting croach; border of proximal calyces forming capitulum spinulate; sulcus spermaticus bifurcating at level of croach and extending to tips of lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD6C85B4446FDDBFCB1FD01" box="[827,895,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,683,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,677,1665]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of B. sazimai (MBML 3319 paratype). Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265282/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFD6C85B47EAF922FA53F92B" box="[151,1437,1687,1710]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265282/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" targetBox="[151,1435,683,1665]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD6C85B47EAF922FA53F92B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1687,1710]" box="[151,1437,1687,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B47EAF922FEDCF92B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1687,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD6C85B4409F92CFC13F928" box="[884,989,1689,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4409F92CFC13F928" box="[884,989,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">B. sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MBML 3319 paratype). Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD6C85A47BAF960FC63FEE2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD6C85B47BAF960FCA4F8B0" blockId="10.[151,1436,1749,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B47BAF960FEAEF968" bold="true" box="[199,352,1749,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is known only from the type-locality,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7629FFD6C85B44A7F960FBC8F968" box="[986,1030,1749,1774]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Ilha</collectingCountry>
|
||
dos Franceses, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD6C85B43BEF960FAC7F968" box="[1219,1289,1749,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[228,1346,404,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[194,1382,366,1905]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Coastal region of the state of Espírito Santo (above), with the Ilha dos Franceses (below), the type locality of Bothrops sazimai. Legend of states: Bahia (BA); Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), and Rio de Janeiro (RJ)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265283/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This island has about 15 ha with maximum elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD6C85B45F5F94CFD0EF897" box="[648,704,1785,1810]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
|
||
asl covered by secondary Atlantic forest remnants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B48FFD6C85B427EF94CFF1DF8B0" author="Ferreira" pageId="10" pageNumber="526" refString="Ferreira, A. L., Coutinho, B. R., Pinheiro, H. T. & Thomaz, L. D. (2007) Composicao floristica e formacoes vegetais da Ilha dos Franceses, Espirito Santo. Boletim do Museu Biologico Mello Leitao, 22, 25 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ferreira
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4219F94FFA5BF897" box="[1380,1429,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and located 3.6 Km eastwards from Itaoca beach (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD6C85B446AF8A8FC92F8B0" box="[791,860,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,214,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[171,1416,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aerial view of Ilha dos Franceses (A); forest remnants in the light-house area (B); vegetation on rocks of the tide zone (C); dense vegetation predominant in island (D); view of Ilha dos Franceses from Itaoca Beach (E). Photographs by Google Earth Pro (A), F. Barbo (B, C, D), and R. Sawaya (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265284/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD6C85A47BAF8F4FC63FEE2" blockId="10.[151,1436,1749,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B47BAF8F4FE40F8DC" bold="true" box="[199,398,1857,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD6C85B46EAF8F4FD92F8DF" box="[407,604,1857,1881]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B46EAF8F4FD92F8DF" box="[407,604,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is abundant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34E7629FFD6C85B446EF8F4FCF1F8DC" box="[787,831,1857,1882]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Ilha</collectingCountry>
|
||
dos Franceses as we have found approximately two snakes per hour-person by visual search. The beginning of daily activity was observed in late afternoon. Specimens were observed coiled (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B46E6F83FFE67F827" box="[411,425,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 13), moving (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B451AF83FFDBBF827" box="[615,629,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8) or stationary (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B442AF83FFCABF827" box="[855,869,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), on the ground (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B4322F83FFBA3F827" box="[1119,1133,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15), as well as in lower portions of shrubs and trees (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD6C85B46A6F81BFE27F843" box="[475,489,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13622A3CFFD6C85B4551F818FDBFF840" box="[556,625,1965,1990]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,195,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,193,1496]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Active specimens of Bothrops sazimai at night in different macrohabitats on the island. Over fallen trunks and twigs (A); coiled over trees (B) (MZUSP 22230); two individuals close to one another and moving on the ground (C); on the rocks near the sea (D); coiled on the ground (MZUSP 22232) (E). Photographs by R. Sawaya (A, E), R. Zorzal (B), F. Barbo (C), and T. Portillo (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265281/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="521">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Except for the five collected individuals (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E2881BFFD6C85B432CF818FB7BF840" box="[1105,1205,1965,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and four
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E2881BFFD6C85B425DF81BFA5EF840" box="[1312,1424,1966,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="521" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), all snakes were observed and/or photographed and released in the field. Juveniles and adults of the new species feed on ectothermic prey. Twenty-six out of 58 individuals examined in scientific collections had prey remnants in their stomach and gut contents, including lizards (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD7C85A45AAFF09FC20FF52" box="[727,1006,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Phyllodactylidae" genus="Gymnodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A45AAFF09FC20FF52" box="[727,1006,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">Gymnodactylus darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD7C85A4354FF09FAE1FF52" box="[1065,1327,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mabouia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A4354FF09FAE1FF52" box="[1065,1327,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">Hemidactylus mabouia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A4242FF08FA83FF52" box="[1343,1357,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14), centipedes Scolopendromorpha (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A4577FF54FDD6FF7E" box="[522,536,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6), and a conspecific snake (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A4402FF54FC43FF7E" box="[895,909,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Youngs have yellowish tail-tip (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A423CFF54FA81FF7E" box="[1345,1359,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 13), suggesting caudal-luring behavior (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B48FFD7C85A4530FEB1FCE3FE9A" author="Andrade" box="[589,813,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" refString="Andrade, D. V., Marques, O. A. V., Gavira, R. S. B., Barbo, F. E., Zacariotti, R. L. & Sazima, I. (2010) Tail luring by the golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis), an island endemic from southeastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 5, 175 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.005.0302" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Andrade
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A45CEFEB0FD25FE9A" box="[691,747,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B48FFD7C85A444AFEB1FC02FE9A" author="Sazima" box="[823,972,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="528" refString="Sazima, I. (1991) Caudal luring in two Neotropical pitvipers, Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu. Copeia, 1991, 245 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446274" type="journal article" year="1991">Sazima 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The smallest mature male with enlarged testes and opaque efferent ducts had
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD7C85A454BFE92FD5DFEB9" box="[566,659,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.51" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="451.0">451 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, whereas the smallest mature females with follicles or embryos in the oviduct measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CA19B5CFFD7C85A46D7FEF9FDC9FEE2" box="[426,519,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="551.0">551 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL (K. Kasperoviczus, pers. com.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFD7C85A47EAF819FAEBF867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265283/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" targetBox="[228,1346,404,1863]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD7C85A47EAF819FAEBF867" blockId="11.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A47EAF819FEDBF847" bold="true" box="[151,277,1964,1986]" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Coastal region of the state of Espírito Santo (above), with the Ilha dos Franceses (below), the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD7C85A47EAF87EFE88F867" box="[151,326,1995,2017]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="522" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD7C85A47EAF87EFE88F867" box="[151,326,1995,2017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="522">Bothrops sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Legend of states: Bahia (BA); Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), and Rio de Janeiro (RJ).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF266631FFD0C85D47EAF89CFCC4F8FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265284/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="523" targetBox="[192,1396,214,1763]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD0C85D47EAF89CFCC4F8FA" blockId="12.[151,1435,1833,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD0C85D47EAF89CFEDDF8B8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1833,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Aerial view of Ilha dos Franceses (A); forest remnants in the light-house area (B); vegetation on rocks of the tide zone (C); dense vegetation predominant in island (D); view of Ilha dos Franceses from Itaoca Beach (E). Photographs by Google Earth Pro (A), F. Barbo (B, C, D), and R. Sawaya (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3436532FFD1C85C47BAFF22FEEBFE0E" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE636B9FFD1C85C47BAFF22FEEBFE0E" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD1C85C47BAFF22FE80FF36" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD1C85C4542FF2DFD5AFF29" box="[575,660,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sazimai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD1C85C4542FF2DFD5AFF29" box="[575,660,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">sazimai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a patronymic name dedicated to the friend and professor Ivan Sazima, for his invaluable contribution to the study of natural history and conservation of Brazilian fauna, and for his inspiring and pioneering field studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C594D3AFFD1C85C45C1FF55FC43FF71" box="[700,909,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92DEAABFFD1C85C45C1FF55FC43FF71" box="[700,909,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="524">Bothrops jararaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Professor Ivan advised and mentored various generations of students and researchers that presently work with diverse systems and organisms, including snakes, amphibians, fishes, mammals, birds, and plants. He published hundreds of scientific contributions, among articles, book chapters, and educational texts. We suggest the standard English name “Franceses island-Lancehead” for the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |