213 lines
27 KiB
XML
213 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="D4AE349685500764FEA7648FE052B193" ID-CLB-Dataset="55606" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="475474e7-028f-4ac7-ab0b-4f9a55f8e32e" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530641" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1652084094889" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Elzanowski, Andrzej & Louchart, Antoine" docDate="2022" docId="03A8141DFF830C20C538CFED76BDF8D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab049.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (1)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/88/6347811" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Struthio camelus subsp. spatzi Stresemann 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FF916C65FF840C29C611CD0D7513FF89" masterDocTitle="Metric variation in the postcranial skeleton of ostriches, Struthio (Aves: Palaeognathae), with new data on extinct subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="88" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1699329930153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C37EA434725FBB06FB449BABF81D52FF">Metric variation in the postcranial skeleton of ostriches, Struthio (Aves: Palaeognathae), with new data on extinct subspecies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB5E29A683E14435B56E532BA518EFDC">Elzanowski, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B11644C461044EA79FA33DE59FAC5145">Louchart, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A1530AD79F44334647C033D0A802D2D2">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="EA0C5DDD2C2B5A48C1299D1D8517CA96" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab049</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8141DFF830C20C538CFED76BDF8D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6535771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195296711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6535771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8141DFF830C20C538CFED76BDF8D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8141DFF830C20C538CFED76BDF8D6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection id="C31BF680FF830C2EC538CFED7054FD7C" box="[809,1351,736,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C2EC538CFED7054FD7C" blockId="7.[809,1351,736,758]" box="[809,1351,736,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<heading id="D0F61267FF830C2EC538CFED7054FD7C" box="[809,1351,736,758]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" reason="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB118225FF830C2EC538CFED7054FD7C" box="[809,1351,736,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0831AFF830C2EC538CFED7050FD7C" author="Stresemann E" box="[809,1347,736,758]" page="139" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" year="1926">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01DE88FF830C2EC538CFED7050FD7C" ID-CoL="5LC44" authority="Stresemann, 1926: 139" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1926" box="[809,1347,736,758]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="camelus" subSpecies="spatzi">
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC538CFED7125FD7C" box="[809,1078,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Struthio camelus spatzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF830C2EC22CCFED7050FD7C" author="Stresemann E" box="[1085,1347,736,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" pagination="137 - 139" refId="ref13171" refString="Stresemann E. 1926. Die Vogelausbeute des Herrn Paul Spatz in Rio de Oro. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 34: 137 - 139." type="journal article" year="1926">Stresemann, 1926: 139</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31BF680FF830C20C538CE1B76BDF8D6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C2EC538CE1B712DFCC2" blockId="7.[809,1425,790,843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<materialsCitation id="3B69AF56FF830C2EC538CE1B712DFCC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3765277301" collectionCode="ZMB" county="Egg" location="Naturkunde" municipality="Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC538CE1B7680FCA2" box="[809,915,790,811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<typeStatus id="54BA1BA9FF830C2EC538CE1B769EFCA2" box="[809,909,790,811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty id="62DFDD87FF830C2EC58ECE1A76DFFCA5" box="[927,972,791,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Egg</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA3F71FF830C2EC5C9CE1A7128FCA5" box="[984,1083,791,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Museum</collectingMunicipality>
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für
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<location id="8EDEF3D0FF830C2EC27ACE1B71EAFCA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8141DFF830C20C538CFED76BDF8D6:8EDEF3D0FF830C2EC27ACE1B71EAFCA5" box="[1131,1273,790,812]" county="Egg" municipality="Museum" name="Naturkunde" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" stateProvince="Berlin">Naturkunde</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C56BE9FF830C2EC315CE1B705EFCA5" box="[1284,1357,790,812]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Berlin</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF830C2EC348CE1A7082FCA5" box="[1369,1425,791,812]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
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B.1180a (not examined).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C2EC538CE617120FC29" blockId="7.[809,1424,876,928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC538CE617116FC08" box="[809,1029,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Referred specimen:</emphasis>
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Adult male skeleton
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<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF830C2EC318CE617051FC08" box="[1289,1346,876,897]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
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36879
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF830C2EC538CE86713CFC29" author="Stresemann E" box="[809,1071,906,928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" pagination="135 - 136" refId="ref13195" refString="Stresemann E. 1927. Ueber die einstige Verbreitung von Struthio camelus in Algerien. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35: 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1927">Stresemann, 1927: 135</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C2EC538CECC71EBFB9D" blockId="7.[809,1425,961,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC538CECC769EFC5F" box="[809,909,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Remark:</emphasis>
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The skeleton
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<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF830C2EC251CECF7169FC5E" box="[1088,1146,962,983]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
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36879 comes from one of three birds, referred to by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF830C2EC29BCEED707DFC7F" author="Stresemann E" box="[1162,1390,992,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" pagination="135 - 136" refId="ref13195" refString="Stresemann E. 1927. Ueber die einstige Verbreitung von Struthio camelus in Algerien. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35: 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1927">Stresemann (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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as ‘cotypes’, kept at that time in
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<collectingRegion id="49C56BE9FF830C2EC26BCEF371D1FB9D" box="[1146,1218,1022,1044]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Berlin</collectingRegion>
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Zoo.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C20C538C94F75CCFB14" blockId="7.[809,1426,1089,1632]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,1099,1182]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC538C94F712DFBDE" box="[809,1086,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Expanded diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Smaller than the living subspecies (with most dimensions 88–100%) except for the synsacrum (Supporting Information, Table S3), postacetabular pelvis (Supporting Information, Table S4), distal ends of the humerus (Supporting Information,
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<tableCitation id="C68390B0FF830C2EC5D8C9D77120FB79" box="[969,1075,1242,1264]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Evidence of sexual dimorphism in the ostrich (Struthio) limb skeleton, including significant (*) and nearsignificant differences, as calculated from data in the Supporting Information (Tables S2–S13)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E">Table S2</tableCitation>
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), femur except for a smaller corpus diameter (Supporting Information, Table S5), and pedal phalanges III/1 and III/2 (
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<figureCitation id="133AB98EFF830C2EC2D7C8157016FAA4" box="[1222,1285,1304,1326]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[145,223,881,903]" captionTargetBox="[145,1428,195,841]" captionTargetId="figure-419@9.[145,1428,195,841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Simpson’s ratio diagram comparing the lengths of scapulocoracoid (SC), humerus (H), femur (F), tibiotarsus (TT), tarsometatarsus (TM), and the first (III/1), second (III/2), and third (III/3) pedal digit III phalanges of living and extinct ostriches (Struthio), with Struthio camelus australis NHMUK 1857.2.24.10 as a reference (the black straight line at level 0). See the Supporting Information for the adopted lengths of limb segments (Table S17) and their LOG (decimal logarithmic) values (Table S18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530649/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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; Supporting Information, Tables S9 and S10). Tarsometatarsus length <
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<quantity id="4CF908EEFF830C2EC58CC8587112FAE2" box="[925,1025,1365,1387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="440.0">440 mm</quantity>
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(as in
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC24FC8587011FAE2" box="[1118,1282,1365,1387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">S. c. syriacus</emphasis>
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). The ratio of the length of tibiotarsus to tarsometatarsus is> 1.15, compared with
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<quantity id="4CF908EEFF830C2EC227C89E71D5FA21" box="[1078,1222,1426,1448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8575" metricValueMax="2.8956" metricValueMin="2.8194" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" unit="in" value="1.125" valueMax="1.14" valueMin="1.11">1.11–1.14 in</quantity>
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extant ostriches. Phalanges III/1 and III/2 are as in extant ostriches, with the respective total lengths of ~
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<quantity id="4CF908EEFF830C2EC2B1C8DD71E1FA6C" box="[1184,1266,1488,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
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(in the lower range of
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC59DC8E27109F98A" box="[908,1050,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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S. c.
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<taxonomicName id="4C01DE88FF830C2EC5AFC8E37109F98A" authorityName="SPATZI STRESEMANN" authorityYear="1926" box="[958,1050,1518,1539]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">camelus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
) and
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||
<quantity id="4CF908EEFF830C2EC24BC8E371BBF98D" box="[1114,1192,1518,1540]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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(as in
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<emphasis id="B9757919FF830C2EC2E5C8E27091F98A" box="[1268,1410,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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||
S. c.
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<taxonomicName id="4C01DE88FF830C2EC337C8E37091F98A" authorityName="SPATZI STRESEMANN" authorityYear="1926" box="[1318,1410,1518,1539]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camelus">camelus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). The ratio of the length of tarsometatarsus to phalanx III/2 is 7.1, compared with 7.6–9.0 (8.0–9.0 for males) in extant ostriches. The pattern of egg pores of the intermediate type is as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF8D0C20C471C94675CAFBF6" author="Schonwetter M" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" pagination="13 - 17" refId="ref13001" refString="Schonwetter M. 1927. Die Eier von Struthio camelus spatzi Stresemann. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 35: 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="1927">Schönwetter (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF8D0C20C6F7C9647461FBF6" author="Sauer EGF" box="[230,370,1129,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" pagination="27 - 55" refId="ref12801" refString="Sauer EGF. 1968. Calculations of struthious egg sizes from measurements of shell fragments and their correlation with phylogenetic aspects. Cimbebasia A 1: 27 - 55." type="journal article" year="1968">Sauer (1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF8D0C20C76EC96474A5FBF7" author="Sauer EGF" box="[383,438,1129,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" pagination="3 - 48" refId="ref12831" refString="Sauer EGF. 1972. Ratite eggshell and phylogenetic questions. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 23: 3 - 48." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90D8FAFF8D0C20C7E8C96475CBFB17" author="Mikhailov KE & Zelenkov N" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" pagination="103270" refId="ref12319" refString="Mikhailov KE, Zelenkov N. 2020. The late Cenozoic history of the ostriches (Aves: Struthionidae), as revealed by fossil eggshell and bone remains. Earth Science Reviews 208: 103270." type="journal article" year="2020">Mikhailov & Zelenkov (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<footnote id="E81AB905FF830C2EC683CBAB7069F8E5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF830C2EC683CBAB7069F8E5" blockId="7.[145,1427,1702,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
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crista plantaris mediana; ct, crista trochanteris; dl, foramen dorsale laterale; dm, foramen dorsale mediale; em, epicondylus medialis; fd, facies tibialis distalis; ff, facies femoralis; fg, facies glenoidalis; fl, fovea ligmenti capitis; fm, foramen plantare mediale; fp, facies tibialis proximalis; fpl, foramen plantare laterale; il, impressio ligamenti collateralis medialis longi; l, condylus lateralis; ll, labrum laterale; lm, labrum mediale; m, condylus medialis; p, processus procoracoideus; pc, processus craniolateralis (sternocoracoideus); pm, foramen plantare mediale; sf, semicondylus fibularis; sp, sulcus patellaris; st, semicondylus tibiofibularis; t, trochanter; tf, tuberositas femoralis; ti, tuberculum m. iliofibularis; tIII, trochlea metatarsi III; tIV, trochlea metatarsi IV; tl, trabecula lateralis; tt, tuberositas tibialis. For explanation of measurement tags, see
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<tableCitation id="C68390B0FF830C2EC338CA5B7067F8E5" box="[1321,1396,1878,1900]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[145,209,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of the appendicular skeleton and synsacrum in ostriches (Struthio), in the order of their left-to-right sequence in the Supporting Information (Tables S2–S16)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7EF583FF870C2AC680CDC97670FF7E" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="DF7EF583FF870C2AC680CDC97670FF7E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EF583FF8C0C21C6B2CB837498F92D" box="[163,395,1678,1700]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="96" startId="8.[163,241,1678,1700]" targetBox="[247,1357,196,1635]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8C0C21C6B2CB837498F92D" blockId="8.[163,395,1678,1700]" box="[163,395,1678,1700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9757919FF8C0C21C6B2CB837418F92A" bold="true" box="[163,267,1678,1700]" pageId="8" pageNumber="96">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Continued.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EF583FF8D0C20C680CE7C7444FC75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530649/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" startId="9.[145,223,881,903]" targetBox="[145,1428,195,841]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8D0C20C680CE7C7444FC75" blockId="9.[145,1425,881,1020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9757919FF8D0C20C680CE7C75EBFC0F" bold="true" box="[145,248,881,903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Simpson’s ratio diagram comparing the lengths of scapulocoracoid (SC), humerus (H), femur (F), tibiotarsus (TT), tarsometatarsus (TM), and the first (III/1), second (III/2), and third (III/3) pedal digit III phalanges of living and extinct ostriches (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01DE88FF8D0C20C6EACEA17446FC4B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[251,341,940,962]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Struthio</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01DE88FF8D0C20C78BCEA17601FC4B" authority="NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[410,786,940,962]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" genus="Struthio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="camelus" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9757919FF8D0C20C78BCEA177BDFC4B" box="[410,686,940,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Struthio camelus australis</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1857.2.24.10 as a reference (the black straight line at level 0). See the Supporting Information for the adopted lengths of limb segments (Table S17) and their LOG (decimal logarithmic) values (Table S18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8D0C20C6A6C9D777C1FB7B" blockId="9.[183,722,1242,1267]" box="[183,722,1242,1267]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C6A6C9D777C1FB7B" box="[183,722,1242,1267]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">SKELETAL VARIATION AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8D0C20C680C80E776FF92E" blockId="9.[145,761,1283,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Although the coefficients of variation of most measurements in the living ostriches do not exceed 6% (Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68390B0FF8D0C20C7E5C84D779BFADC" box="[500,648,1344,1366]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Evidence of sexual dimorphism in the ostrich (Struthio) limb skeleton, including significant (*) and nearsignificant differences, as calculated from data in the Supporting Information (Tables S2–S13)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" tableUuid="DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E">Tables S2–S</tableCitation>
|
||
13), some of them are distinctly higher as a result of variable ossification (intrinsic variation) or, in addition, some indeterminacy owing to the absence of exact measurement points when taking minimum width or depth measurements across continuous surfaces. A high intrinsic variability affects single details, such as the sternal interspinal width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C43ECB1A7746F9A5" box="[559,597,1559,1580]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.4), pelvic angular width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C755CB38747AF9C3" box="[324,361,1589,1610]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 10.1), the cranial (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C448CB38776DF9C3" box="[601,638,1589,1610]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 8.5) and caudal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C6E3CB59740BF9E0" box="[242,280,1620,1641]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 12.1) interforaminal distances of the tarsometatarsus and the proximal width between the cotylar margins of phalanx III/1 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C41ACB9C7723F92F" box="[523,560,1681,1702]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8D0C20C6B8CBBD7129FADF" blockId="9.[145,761,1283,1887]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1425,1098,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The indeterminacy and variability of measurement position might have contributed to the variation of the sternal postcostal width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C438CBE07743F88B" box="[553,592,1773,1794]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 9.6), pelvic postacetabular width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C785CA0174AAF8A8" box="[404,441,1804,1825]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 8.9), fibular corpus width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C689CA2675ADF8C9" box="[152,190,1835,1856]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 8.8), tarsometatarsal corpus depth (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C498CA2677BCF8C9" box="[649,687,1835,1856]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 8.4) and many transverse measurements of phalanx III/2: corpus width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C5CFC9467116FBE9" box="[990,1029,1099,1120]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 9.1), apical width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C304C946702FFBE9" box="[1301,1340,1099,1120]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.0), trochlear depth (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C5F4C9647119FBF7" box="[997,1034,1129,1150]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.1) and foveal width (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C331C9647056FBF7" box="[1312,1349,1129,1150]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 7.1), with the foveal width also being highly variable in phalanx III/3 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C5C2C9AA76EBFB35" box="[979,1016,1191,1212]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 9.5). The most variable and thus the least usable measurement turned out to be the interischiadic width (ischiadic span) of the pelvis (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED103DCEFF8D0C20C521C80E7646FA91" box="[816,853,1283,1304]" country="China" name="Municipal Museum of Chungking" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">CV</collectionCode>
|
||
= 19.9), suggesting a strong intrinsic component of this variability in addition to the indeterminacy of the measurement point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEA50BFF8D0C20C550C85376BDF8D6" blockId="9.[809,1425,1098,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
With a notable exception for the length of the tibiotarsus (Supporting Information, Table S6) and, especially, the tarsometatarsus (Supporting Information, Table S8), most measurement values (71 of 95medians), including the transverse measurements of the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, tend to be higher in females. However, the differences proved to be statistically significant or near-significant in only 14 measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68390B0FF8D0C20C27ACB5971D7F9E0" box="[1131,1220,1620,1642]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 2. Evidence of sexual dimorphism in the ostrich (Struthio) limb skeleton, including significant (*) and nearsignificant differences, as calculated from data in the Supporting Information (Tables S2–S13)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="97" tableUuid="DF7EF583FF8E0C23C6B2CDC9716FFF7E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In ten of them, the ostrich females have consistently wider and/or deeper ends of limb bones, which suggests that the female skeleton (at least the appendicular skeleton) is more robust even if the males are taller owing to longer tarsometatarsi and tibiotarsi. Only three bones, namely the scapulocoracoid, humerus and pedal phalanx III/3, are significantly longer compared with males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |