1058 lines
133 KiB
XML
1058 lines
133 KiB
XML
<document id="F2F2DAF3B96C3E46B8F16F3C3D796786" ID-CLB-Dataset="5275" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5101757" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626265680997" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian" docDate="2021" docId="038DDA73FF98FE3B065BFC47FB164A43" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.15.405-573.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hexacromyidae Haeckel 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="417" masterDocId="FFB4A20BFF94FE350535FFD1FFF94F6C" masterDocTitle="A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts" masterLastPageNumber="573" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1699036812067" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="C444E2F253EB68AE6019E282112C9B6E">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="293711BE58112D7050EF760F97BE7858">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2966BD1550C1D41FA650DEAD9818DFAA">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4361759A34A01BF8119CC16CF6256745">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5DF11442880820B900A8246700526C68">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7E1234431CBBE83BAE735E6444A3BC2">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038DDA73FF98FE3B065BFC47FB164A43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FF98FE3B065BFC47FB164A43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FF98FE3B065BFC47FB164A43" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE39065BFC47FA974CDC" box="[878,1390,918,944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE39065BFC47FA974CDC" blockId="12.[878,1390,918,944]" box="[878,1390,918,944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF98FE39065BFC47FA974CDC" box="[878,1390,918,944]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" reason="3">
|
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Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39068AFC47FAE44CDC" authority="Haeckel, 1882" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[959,1309,918,944]" family="Hexacromyidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" rank="family">
|
||
HEXACROMYIDAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901B5FC47FAE44CDC" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1152,1309,918,944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. stat.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE380618FC00FCF84C66" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FC00FAD84B6F" blockId="12.[812,1455,977,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexacromyida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906F4FC00FB784C85" author="HAECKEL E." box="[961,1153,977,1001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 453</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a tribe]; 1887: 170, 201 [as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906E4FC3AFB824B68" author="SCHRODER O." box="[977,1147,1003,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FBCCFA584B3C" blockId="12.[813,1455,1053,1104]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexalonchida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390683FBCCFB894B59" author="HAECKEL E." box="[950,1136,1053,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 451</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390148FBCFFAF14B59" box="[1149,1288,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a tribe];1887: 170, 179 [as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390164FBE9FB024B3C" author="SCHRODER O." box="[1105,1275,1080,1104]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FBBBFBD54BF0" blockId="12.[813,1455,1130,1180]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Staurocontida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390682FBBBFB894BEE" author="HAECKEL E." box="[951,1136,1130,1154]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 452</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390148FBBAFAF14BEE" box="[1149,1288,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a tribe];1887: 152, 163 [as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FB67FA584B85" blockId="12.[813,1455,1206,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexacontida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390698FB67FB924BA2" author="HAECKEL E." box="[941,1131,1206,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 452</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390142FB66FAFC4BA2" box="[1143,1285,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a tribe]; 1887: 170, 191 [as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390164FB00FB024B85" author="SCHRODER O." box="[1105,1275,1233,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FAD2FB924A59" blockId="12.[813,1455,1283,1333]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Staurocromyida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906E5FAD2FB6C4A77" author="HAECKEL E." box="[976,1173,1283,1307]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 453</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390193FAD2FAC14A77" box="[1190,1336,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a tribe]; 1887: 152, 166 [as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FA9EFA584AEE" blockId="12.[813,1455,1359,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexadorida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390690FA9EFB9D4A0B" author="HAECKEL E." box="[933,1124,1359,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 455</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390147FA81FAF94A0B" box="[1138,1280,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as a tribe]; 1887: 170, 204 [as a subfamily]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390164FABBFB024AEE" author="SCHRODER O." box="[1105,1275,1386,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a subfamily].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618FA4AFB1F4A85" blockId="12.[813,1457,1435,1513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Cubosphaerida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906F5FA4AFB944ADF" author="HAECKEL E." box="[960,1133,1435,1460]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 169-170 [as a family]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390055FA4AFC5D4AA2" author="BUTSCHLI O." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1946 - 2004" refId="ref170184" refString="BUTSCHLI O. 1889. - Kurze Ubersicht des Systems der Radiolaria, in BRONN H. G. & HOFFMANN C. K. (eds), Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, Band 1, Protozoa. Vol. 3. C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg: 1946 - 2004. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14134" type="book chapter" year="1889">Bütschli 1889: 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family]. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39016BFA66FB844AA2" box="[1118,1149,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901B6FA67FADE4AA2" author="RUST D." box="[1155,1319,1462,1486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="107 - 179" refId="ref194567" refString="RUST D. 1892. - Beitrage zur Kenntnis der fossilen Radiolarien aus Gesteinen der Trias und der palaeozoischen Schichten. Palaeontographica 38: 107 - 179. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33193870" type="journal article" year="1892">Rüst 1892: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390062FA67FC804A85" author="SCHRODER O." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family]. — Anderson 1983: 23.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618F9D3FAB24976" blockId="12.[813,1355,1538,1563]" box="[813,1355,1538,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Cubosphäriden [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3906E7F9D2FC114976" box="[978,1000,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39013CF9D3FB3F4977" author="HAECKER V." box="[1033,1222,1538,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref179408" refString="HAECKER V. 1907. - Altertumliche Spharellarien und Cyrtellarien aus grossen Meerestiefen. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 10: 114 - 126. https: // archive. org / details / bub _ gb _ tw 4 BAAAAYAAJ / page / n 6" type="journal article" year="1907">Haecker 1907: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a family].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618F9E5FA494987" blockId="12.[812,1457,1588,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF98FE390618F9E5FA494987" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390618F9E5FC344920" box="[813,973,1588,1612]" class="Polycystina" family="Cubosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="family">Cubosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3906D9F9E5FB484920" author="HAECKER V." box="[1004,1201,1588,1612]" page="437" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906D9F9E5FB484920" author="HAECKER V." box="[1004,1201,1588,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="336 - 476" refId="ref179452" refString="HAECKER V. 1908. - Tiefsee-Radiolarien. Spezieller Teil. Die Tripyleen, Collodarienund Mikroradiolarien der Tiefsee, in CHUN C. (ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899. Vol. 14, Jena, Germany: 336 - 476. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 3441590" type="book chapter" year="1908">Haecker 1908: 437</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3901EAF9E5FA524920" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[1247,1451,1588,1612]" page="209" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901EAF9E5FA524920" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[1247,1451,1588,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="183 - 306" refId="ref192554" refString="POPOFSKY A. 1908. - Die Radiolarien der Antarktis (mit Ausnahme der Tripyleen), in DRYGALSKI E. (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Vol. 10. Georg Reimer, Berlin, Germany: 183 - 306. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5955366" type="book chapter" year="1908">Popofsky 1908: 209</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39061BF99EFC73490A" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[814,906,1615,1639]" page="77" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1912">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39061BF99EFC73490A" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[814,906,1615,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="73 - 159" refId="ref192614" refString="POPOFSKY A. 1912. - Die Sphaerellarien des Warmwassergebietes, in DRYGALSKI E. (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Vol. 13. Georg Reimer, Berlin, Germany: 73 - 159. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2138893" type="book chapter" year="1912">1912: 77</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 84-87. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE390134F99EFB31490B" author="ENRIQUES P." box="[1025,1224,1615,1639]" page="982" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390134F99EFB31490B" author="ENRIQUES P." box="[1025,1224,1615,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="978 - 994" refId="ref177035" refString="ENRIQUES P. 1932. - Saggio di una classificazione dei Radiolari. Archivio zoologico italiano Napoli, Torino 16: 978 - 994." type="journal article" year="1932">Enriques 1932: 982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3901C3F99EFC7549ED" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." page="31" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1942">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901C3F99EFC7549ED" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref172481" refString="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S. 1942. - Eocene radiolarian faunas from the Monte Diablo area, California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 39: 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 39" type="journal article" year="1942">Clark & Campbell 1942: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3906AEF9B8FC0049ED" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." box="[923,1017,1641,1665]" page="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1945">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906AEF9B8FC0049ED" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." box="[923,1017,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref172530" refString="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S. 1945. - Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California. Geological Society of America, Memoir 101: i-vii, 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / MEM 10" type="journal article" year="1945">1945: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39011CF9B8FAA349ED" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[1065,1370,1641,1665]" page="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39011CF9B8FAA349ED" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[1065,1370,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref170861" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 a. - Radiolaria from Upper Cretaceous of Middle California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 57: 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 57" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944a: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39005CF9B8FCC549F0" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." page="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39005CF9B8FCC549F0" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref170908" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 b. - Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 51: 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 51" type="journal article" year="1944">1944b: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39065FF955FBB849F0" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[874,1089,1668,1692]" page="417" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39065FF955FBB849F0" author="DEFLANDRE G." box="[874,1089,1668,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="389 - 436" refId="ref172838" refString="DEFLANDRE G. 1953. - Radiolaires fossiles, in GRASSE P. P. (ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Vol. 1. Masson, Paris: 389 - 436." type="book chapter" year="1953">Deflandre 1953: 417</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39015AF955FAF249F0" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[1135,1291,1668,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39004DF955FC6C49DA" author="ORLEV Y. A." page="436" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39004DF955FC6C49DA" author="ORLEV Y. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref190474" refString="ORLEV Y. A. 1959. - Principles of Paleontology, General Part and Protozoa, Moscow, 482 p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Orlev 1959: 436</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39068AF94FFB8A49DA" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[959,1139,1694,1718]" page="90" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39068AF94FFB8A49DA" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[959,1139,1694,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3901A8F94FFC9349BD" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." page="71" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901A8F94FFC9349BD" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF98FE3901A8F94FFB0149DA" box="[1181,1272,1694,1718]" name="Netherlands" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960: 71-72
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3906A7F968FBCA49BC" author="DIECI G." box="[914,1075,1720,1745]" page="185" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906A7F968FBCA49BC" author="DIECI G." box="[914,1075,1720,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="182 - 191" refId="ref173440" refString="DIECI G. 1964. - Radiolari Cretacei delle " Argille Scagliose " di Puianello (Modena). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 3 (2): 182 - 191. http: // paleoitalia. org / media / u / archives / 03 _ 2 _ 03. pdf" type="journal article" year="1964">Dieci 1964: 185</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE39016FF968FA7449BD" author="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K." box="[1114,1421,1721,1745]" page="122" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39016FF968FA7449BD" author="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K." box="[1114,1421,1721,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="67 - 137" refId="ref188264" refString="NAKASEKO K. & SUGANO K. 1976. - 7. Radiolaria, in ASANO K. (ed.), Micropaleontology. Vol. 1. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo: 67 - 137. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1976">Nakaseko & Sugano 1976: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE390619F905FC0B4987" author="TAN Z. Y. & SU X. H." box="[812,1010,1747,1771]" page="142" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390619F905FC0B4987" author="TAN Z. Y. & SU X. H." box="[812,1010,1747,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="129 - 216" refId="ref199834" refString="TAN Z. Y. & SU X. H. 1982. - Studies on the Radiolaria in sediments of the East China Sea (Continental Shelf). Studia marina sinica 19: 129 - 216. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1982">Tan & Su 1982: 142</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE390120F905FB5F4987" author="TAN Z. Y." box="[1045,1190,1747,1771]" page="126" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390120F905FB5F4987" author="TAN Z. Y." box="[1045,1190,1747,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref199669" refString="TAN Z. Y. 1998. - Phylum Protozoa. Class Sacodina. Order Acantharia. Order Spumellaria, Fauna Sinica, Protozoa, 315 p. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1998">Tan 1998: 126</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF98FE3901FDF905FA554987" author="TAN Z. Y. & CHEN M. H." box="[1224,1452,1747,1771]" page="146" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901FDF905FA554987" author="TAN Z. Y. & CHEN M. H." box="[1224,1452,1747,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 404" refId="ref199746" refString="TAN Z. Y. & CHEN M. H. 1999. - Offshore Radiolaria in China. China. Scientific Publications, 1 - 404 p. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="1999">Tan & Chen 1999: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618F8D4FB4A483E" blockId="12.[813,1455,1797,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexalonchinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906EAF8D4FB044871" author="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S." box="[991,1277,1797,1821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref172481" refString="CLARK B. L. & CAMPBELL A. S. 1942. - Eocene radiolarian faunas from the Monte Diablo area, California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 39: 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 39" type="journal article" year="1942">Clark & Campbell 1942: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39003BF8D7FA594871" box="[1294,1440,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]; 1945: 15. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390685F8CEFBB0485B" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[944,1097,1823,1847]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39019BF8CEFA984854" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[1198,1377,1823,1848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3900BFF8F1FBEE483E" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref183303" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1979. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil III: Die Oberfamilien Actinommacea HAECKEL 1862 emend., Artiscacea HAECKEL 1882, Multiarcusellacea nov. der Spumellaria und triassische Nassellaria. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 9 (1 / 2): 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1979">Kozur & Mostler 1979: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390113F8EAFB50483E" authority="emend." box="[1062,1193,1850,1874]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Calocyclas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="411" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390113F8EAFBAC483E" box="[1062,1109,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
emend.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618F8BDFB1A48F3" blockId="12.[813,1455,1900,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexacontinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906FCF8BDFB1F48E8" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[969,1254,1900,1924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref170861" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 a. - Radiolaria from Upper Cretaceous of Middle California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 57: 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 57" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944a: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3901C1F8BCFA7B48E8" box="[1268,1410,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390618F857FC3F48F2" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[813,966,1926,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390119F857FB2648F3" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[1068,1247,1926,1951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 92</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE390618F869FA494887" blockId="12.[813,1456,1976,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Hexadorinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906F3F869FB1948BC" author="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L." box="[966,1248,1976,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref170908" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. & CLARK B. L. 1944 b. - Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America, special Papers 51: 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / SPE 51" type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell & Clark 1944b: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3901DAF868FA7948BC" box="[1263,1408,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390618F802FC214887" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[813,984,2003,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 94</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. — Petrushevskaya 1979: 107-108 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39001DF805FA5F4887" authority="emend." box="[1320,1446,2003,2027]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Calocyclas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="411" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39001DF805FAAF4887" box="[1320,1366,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
emend.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FF06FEC54E65" blockId="13.[132,774,215,265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Staurocromyinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380464FF06FE094F83" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[337,496,215,239]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38070BFF09FD2C4F83" box="[574,725,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3805B1FF20FECE4E65" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[132,311,241,265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 88</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FEF3FD4F4E55" blockId="13.[132,694,289,314]" box="[132,694,289,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Staurocontiinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380402FEF3FE294E55" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[311,464,289,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38072DFEF3FD5E4E56" box="[536,679,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FE83FD484E05" blockId="13.[132,689,338,362]" box="[132,689,338,362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Hexadoradinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380407FE83FE324E06" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[306,459,338,362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380726FE82FD5B4E06" box="[531,674,338,362]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FE53FDEC4EF6" blockId="13.[132,533,386,410]" box="[132,533,386,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Cubosphaerinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380409FE53FE2C4EF6" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[316,469,386,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FE63FEF24E88" blockId="13.[132,775,434,485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Stauracontinae [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380410FE62FEC24EA6" box="[293,315,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380457FE63FDEA4EA6" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[354,531,434,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 87</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(= Stauracontiinae) [
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807DDFE62FF044E89" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FE2CFD144D79" blockId="13.[132,749,509,533]" box="[132,749,509,533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Hexacromyinae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380402FE2CFE294D79" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[311,464,509,533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380703FE2CFD104D79" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[566,745,509,533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 93</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FDFCFD754D29" blockId="13.[132,652,557,581]" box="[132,652,557,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Hexadoridae –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38042FFDFCFE264D29" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[282,479,557,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="9 - 35" refId="ref174122" refString="DUMITRICA P. 1979. - Clasa Actinopoda, in NEAGU T. (ed.), Micropaleontologie. Protozoare. Editura Technica, Bucharest, Romania: 9 - 35." type="book chapter" year="1979">Dumitrica 1979: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3804D8FDFFFD844D29" box="[493,637,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FD8FFDEB4D1A" blockId="13.[132,530,606,630]" box="[132,530,606,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Nanininae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3805C4FD8FFDF44D1A" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[241,525,606,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler, 1982: 409</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FD5FFDB04DB7" blockId="13.[132,774,654,731]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF99FE3805B1FD5FFDB04DB7" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FD5FFEE54DCA" box="[132,284,654,678]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hexalonchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF99FE380408FD5FFDF24DCA" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[317,523,654,678]" page="94" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380408FD5FFDF24DCA" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[317,523,654,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="91 - 102" refId="ref174277" refString="DUMITRICA P. 1984. - Systematics of Sphaerellarian radiolarian, in PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. & STEPANJANTS S. D. (eds), Morphology, ecology and evolution of radiolarians. Material from the IV symposium of European radiolarists EURORAD IV. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR: 91 - 102. [in Russian]" type="proceedings paper" year="1984">Dumitrica 1984: 94</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380728FD5EFD4A4DCA" box="[541,691,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
]; 1985: 186. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF99FE3805E0FD78FE2D4DAC" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." box="[213,468,680,704]" page="210" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3805E0FD78FE2D4DAC" author="DE WEVER P. & DUMITRICA P. & CAULET J. P. & NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M." box="[213,468,680,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref173394" refString="DE WEVER P., DUMITRICA P., CAULET J. P., NIGRINI C. & CARIDROIT M. 2001. - Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, Amsterdam, 533 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482283181" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
De Wever
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38040FFD78FE914DAC" box="[314,360,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 210
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 212. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38071BFD79FCF84DAC" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. & AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S." box="[558,769,680,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="135 - 392" refId="ref165638" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S., AMON E. O., AGARKOV Y. V. & BOLTOVSKOY D. S. 2005. - Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (3, Suppl. S.): 135 - 392." type="book chapter" year="2005">
|
||
Afanasieva
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807AEFD78FD304DAC" box="[667,713,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S272-273. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF99FE380424FD12FDBC4DB7" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." box="[273,581,707,731]" page="109" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380424FD12FDBC4DB7" author="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O." box="[273,581,707,731]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="467" refId="ref165589" refString="AFANASIEVA M. S. & AMON E. O. 2006. - Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic. Paleontological Journal 40 (4): S 453 - S 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030106100054" type="journal article" year="2006">Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 109</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FD22FCF84C66" blockId="13.[132,769,755,779]" box="[132,769,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF99FE3805B1FD22FCF84C66" box="[132,769,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FD22FEEC4C67" box="[132,277,755,779]" class="Acantharea" family="Stauracontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaunacanthida" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Stauracontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF99FE38041BFD22FDAC4C67" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M." box="[302,597,755,779]" page="279" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38041BFD22FDAC4C67" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M." box="[302,597,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. & CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. & BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon & Cachon 1985: 279</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380756FD25FD0B4C67" box="[611,754,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF99FE3805B1FCF5FE194B49" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FCF5FE624C1C" blockId="13.[132,775,803,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE3805B1FCF5FF4F4C55" box="[132,182,804,827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
GENUS. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38041AFCF5FD7B4C57" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 453" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="453" authorityYear="1882" box="[303,642,803,827]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38041AFCF5FE4E4C57" box="[303,439,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380488FCF2FD7B4C57" author="HAECKEL E." box="[445,642,803,827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 453</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE3807A5FCF5FD454C50" box="[656,700,804,828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3804A3FCEFFDC94C39" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[406,560,829,854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3807B5FCEFFE694C1C" authority="Haeckel, 1887: 201" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807B5FCEFFF3D4C1C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3805FEFC89FE694C1C" author="HAECKEL E." box="[203,400,856,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 201</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FC58FE194B49" blockId="13.[132,776,904,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35F3A0FF99FE3805B1FC58FF124CF3" box="[132,235,905,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">INCLUDED</collectionCode>
|
||
GENERA. —?
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38044DFC59FDFD4CCC" box="[376,516,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Carpocanthum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38073EFC59FD1B4CCC" author="CHEN M. & TAN Z." box="[523,738,904,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref172079" refString="CHEN M. & TAN Z. 1989. - Description of a new genus and 12 new species of Radiolaria in sediments from the South China Sea. Tropic Oceanology 8 (1): 1 - 9. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1989">Chen & Tan, 1989: 1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B0FC75FE324CD7" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 453" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="453" authorityYear="1882" box="[133,459,931,955]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B0FC75FEF24CD7" box="[133,267,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38043AFC72FE324CD7" author="HAECKEL E." box="[271,459,931,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 453</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3804D2FC72FDA74CD7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[487,606,931,955]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3804D2FC72FDA74CD7" box="[487,606,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Cubosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380751FC72FD5D4CD7" bold="true" box="[612,676,931,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF99FE380751FC72FD5D4CD7" box="[612,676,931,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38079AFC75FF524CB9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38079AFC75FF524CB9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380585FC6CFF094CB9" bold="true" box="[176,240,957,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF99FE380585FC6CFF094CB9" box="[176,240,957,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380417FC6CFD9E4CB9" authority="Haeckel, 1887: 184" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1887" box="[290,615,957,981]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380417FC6CFE5D4CB9" box="[290,420,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38049CFC6CFD9E4CB9" author="HAECKEL E." box="[425,615,957,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 184</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3807B1FC6CFCFF4CB9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[644,774,957,981]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807B1FC6CFCFF4CB9" box="[644,774,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38040DFC09FDB34C9C" author="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G." box="[312,586,984,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="541 - 675" refId="ref191818" refString="PETRUSHEVSKAYA M. G. 1975. - Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP, in KENNET J. P., HOUTZ R. E. et al. (eds), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book chapter" year="1975">Petrushevskaya 1975: 569</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38076CFC09FCF14C9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[601,776,984,1008]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38076CFC09FCF14C9C" box="[601,776,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurolonchantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B1FC23FF314B66" bold="true" box="[132,200,1010,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF99FE3805B1FC23FF314B66" box="[132,200,1010,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380434FC22FD8C4B66" authority="Kozur & Mostler, 1982: 409" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityPageNumber="409" authorityYear="1982" box="[257,629,1010,1034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380434FC22FEB24B66" box="[257,331,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380466FC22FD8C4B66" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[339,629,1010,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler, 1982: 409</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3807A8FC22FF304B49" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Pentactinosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807A8FC22FF304B49" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Pentactinosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE38046BFBDCFE714B49" box="[350,392,1037,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF99FE3805B1FBECFE4D4BB5" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FBECFE4D4BB5" blockId="13.[132,775,1085,1241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
NOMINA DUBIA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380464FBECFE254B38" box="[337,476,1085,1108]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cromyostaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380464FBECFE254B38" box="[337,476,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Cromyostaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3804DFFBECFD9E4B39" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[490,615,1085,1109]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubaxonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3804DFFBECFD9E4B39" box="[490,615,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Cubaxonium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380743FBEFFCF94B39" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[630,768,1086,1109]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380743FBEFFCF94B39" box="[630,768,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FB89FEE04B03" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,281,1112,1135]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B1FB89FEE04B03" box="[132,281,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38041DFB89FE674B03" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[296,414,1112,1135]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38041DFB89FE674B03" box="[296,414,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380498FB89FDD44B03" box="[429,557,1112,1135]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380498FB89FDD44B03" box="[429,557,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380709FB86FD664B03" box="[572,671,1111,1135]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadoras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380709FB86FD664B03" box="[572,671,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexadoras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38079AFB86FF4F4BE6" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38079AFB86FF4F4BE6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805F4FBA3FEA24BE6" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[193,347,1138,1162]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexaloncharium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805F4FBA3FEA24BE6" box="[193,347,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexaloncharium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380453FBA3FCF84BE5" authority=", Hexalonchidium, Spongiuspinus" authorityName="Hexalonchidium, Spongiuspinus" box="[358,769,1138,1162]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexalonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380453FBA3FE294BE6" box="[358,464,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonche</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3804EEFBA3FD8D4BE6" box="[475,628,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchidium</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38074AFBA3FCF84BE5" box="[639,769,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Spongiuspinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FB5CFF064BC8" box="[132,255,1165,1188]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurancistra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B1FB5CFF064BC8" box="[132,255,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurancistra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380439FB5CFE534BC8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[268,426,1165,1188]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauracontarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380439FB5CFE534BC8" box="[268,426,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Stauracontarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380482FB5DFCF94BC8" authority=", Stauracontidium" authorityName="Stauracontidium" box="[439,768,1164,1188]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauracontellium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380482FB5DFDAF4BC8" box="[439,598,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Stauracontellium</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380756FB5DFCF94BC8" box="[611,768,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Stauracontidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FB76FE394BD2" authority=", Stauracontonium" authorityName="Stauracontonium" box="[132,448,1191,1214]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Stauracontium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B1FB76FE394BD2" box="[132,448,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Stauracontium, Stauracontonium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3804FBFB76FD9B4BD2" box="[462,610,1191,1214]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurocromyum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3804FBFB76FD9B4BD2" box="[462,610,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurocromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380745FB76FCF94BD3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[624,768,1191,1215]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380745FB76FCF94BD3" box="[624,768,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurolonchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805B1FB10FEEB4BB5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,274,1217,1241]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805B1FB10FEEB4BB5" box="[132,274,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurolonchissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38042AFB10FE574BB5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[287,430,1217,1241]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38042AFB10FE574BB5" box="[287,430,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Staurolonchura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF99FE3805B1FB23FD564887" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FB23FD094A35" blockId="13.[131,776,1265,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. — Bladed six primary radial spines or bladed six radial beams are directly arising from a tetrapetaloid microsphere or a heteropolar microsphere with tetrapetaloid apical structures. Two or three latticed spherical shells are present (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3807ACFA93FD1B4A35" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[665,738,1346,1369]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807ACFA93FD1B4A35" box="[665,738,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1FA8DFE614910" blockId="13.[131,776,1265,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Protoplasmic characters seem to be different between shallow and deep-water species. As for shallow water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380721FAA6FD624AE2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[532,667,1399,1422]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380721FAA6FD624AE2" box="[532,667,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3807F8FAA6FF2C4AC5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3807F8FAA6FF2C4AC5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the spherical endoplasm, reddish brown in color, fills the medullary shell and is outside of it. Capsular wall always situated within the cortical shell. A robust, straight, thick axoflagellum appears in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3805E2FA30FEA74A94" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[215,350,1505,1528]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3805E2FA30FEA74A94" box="[215,350,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at least. Algal symbionts may be present or absent. Algal symbionts, if present, surround the endoplasm or are scattered within the cortical shell. No algal symbionts are outside of the cortical shell. As for the mesopelagic taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38074FF9E1FCF8492B" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[634,769,1584,1607]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38074FF9E1FCF8492B" box="[634,769,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the endoplasm is a dark gray in color and fills the medullary shell. It is also found outside of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1F951FED248D7" blockId="13.[131,776,1265,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">The Axopodial system is of centroaxoplastid-type: Axoplast is placed in the center of the endoplasm and is encrypted with a spherical nucleus. Bundles of axoneme penetrate through the one side of nucleus and form one thick bundle of axoneme in the endoplasmic reticulum zone of the intracapsular zone. This bundle probably forms a straight, thick and robust axoflagellum. A clear zone with radiated thin bundles of axoneme surrounds the nucleus. The axoplast is situated in the microsphere (the inner medullary shells) and the nucleus is placed in the outer medullary shell. A clear zone also appears inside the outer medullary shell. An endoplasmic reticulum occupies the space between the outer medullary shell and the cortical shell.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE3805B1F802FD564887" blockId="13.[132,687,2003,2027]" box="[132,687,2003,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Late Paleocene-Living.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF99FE3B0618FF09FB164A43" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE380618FF09FC684F9C" blockId="13.[810,1457,216,2028]" box="[813,913,216,242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE380618FF26FBB24B23" blockId="13.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
This family was originally called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380141FF26FAEA4E7D" box="[1140,1299,247,273]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexalonchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hexalonchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this family name is a
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806A2FEC9FBC84E5D" box="[919,1073,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38010AFEC9FAF84E5E" author="YUASA T. & DOLVEN J. K. & BJORKLUND K. R. & MAYAMA S. & TAKAHASHI O." box="[1087,1281,279,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref202035" refString="YUASA T., DOLVEN J. K., BJORKLUND K. R., MAYAMA S. & TAKAHASHI O. 2009. - Molecular phylogenetic position of Hexacontium pachydermum JOrgensen (Radiolaria). Marine Micropaleontology 73 (1 - 2): 129 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2009.08.001" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Yuasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3801B5FEC9FB4B4E5D" box="[1152,1202,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first proved that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380618FEE9FC444E3D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[813,957,312,337]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380618FEE9FC444E3D" box="[813,957,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38011BFEE9FB4A4E3D" box="[1070,1203,312,337]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38011BFEE9FB4A4E3D" box="[1070,1203,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38006DFEE6FCA44E1D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="order">Spumellaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several widely used taxon genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380182FE86FB034E1D" box="[1207,1274,343,369]" family="Names" pageId="13" pageNumber="410" rank="family">names</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38007AFE89FCA74EFC" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38007AFE89FCA74EFC" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806BBFEA6FBF84EFD" box="[910,1025,375,401]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexalonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806BBFEA6FBF84EFD" box="[910,1025,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be omitted in taxonomic works as they have been established on the basis of an un-illustrated
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE3800B4FE46FA574EDD" box="[1409,1454,407,433]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. Internal skeletal structure, including growth line, was illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380688FE06FBB74E9C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[957,1102,471,496]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380688FE06FBB74E9C" box="[957,1102,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38016BFE07FAF34E9C" author="NISHIMURA H." box="[1118,1290,470,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref189106" refString="NISHIMURA H. 1986. - A preliminary report on growth of radiolarian shells. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 7: 157 - 165. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Nishimura 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7.1; Sugiyama
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38066BFE26FC764D7C" box="[862,911,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992: pl. 14, figs 5, 6, 8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3801A1FE26FAA64D7D" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[1172,1375,502,529]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 33, fig. 7; pl. 34, fig. 5),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38013CFDC7FB6D4D5C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1033,1172,534,560]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38013CFDC7FB6D4D5C" box="[1033,1172,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380197FDC7FAA94D5C" author="NISHIMURA H." box="[1186,1360,534,560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref189106" refString="NISHIMURA H. 1986. - A preliminary report on growth of radiolarian shells. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 7: 157 - 165. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Nishimura 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7.2;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380618FDE7FC464D3C" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,959,566,592]" family="Suzuki" pageId="13" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380618FDE7FC464D3C" author="SUZUKI N." box="[813,959,566,592]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="251 - 287" refId="ref198046" refString="SUZUKI N. 1998 b. - Morphological terminology of spheroidal Polycystine (Radiolaria). News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 11: 251 - 287. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1998">Suzuki 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pl. 6, figs 2, 5-9) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380186FDE6FAF84D3C" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[1203,1281,567,592]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380186FDE6FAF84D3C" box="[1203,1281,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380048FDE6FA494D3C" box="[1405,1456,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982: pl. 1, figs 1-3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380124FD87FB474D1C" author="SUGIYAMA K." box="[1041,1214,598,624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="193 - 197" refId="ref197016" refString="SUGIYAMA K. 1992 a. - New spumellarians (Radiolaria) from the lower Miocene Toyohama formation, Morozaki Group, central Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 19: 193 - 197." type="journal article" year="1992">Sugiyama 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pl. 1, fig. 1). A living image was given for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380133FDA6FB6E4DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1030,1175,631,656]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380133FDA6FB6E4DFC" box="[1030,1175,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380192FDA7FAA14DFC" author="YUASA T. & DOLVEN J. K. & BJORKLUND K. R. & MAYAMA S. & TAKAHASHI O." box="[1191,1368,630,656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref202035" refString="YUASA T., DOLVEN J. K., BJORKLUND K. R., MAYAMA S. & TAKAHASHI O. 2009. - Molecular phylogenetic position of Hexacontium pachydermum JOrgensen (Radiolaria). Marine Micropaleontology 73 (1 - 2): 129 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2009.08.001" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Yuasa
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3801DDFDA6FAE24DFC" box="[1256,1307,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380618FD47FC064DDC" author="SUZUKI N. & NOT F." box="[813,1023,661,688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="179 - 222" refId="ref198324" refString="SUZUKI N. & NOT F. 2015. - Biology and Ecology of Radiolaria, in OHTSUKA S., SUZAKI T., HORIGUCHI T., SUZUKI N. & NOT F. (eds), Marine Protists: Diversity and Dynamics. Springer Japan: 179 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 55130 - 0 _ 8" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380618FD47FC8D4DDC" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,884,662,688]" family="Suzuki" pageId="13" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Not 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8.8.8; Matsuoka 2017: figs 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380680FD64FBB94DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[949,1088,693,719]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380680FD64FBB94DA3" box="[949,1088,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38017AFD64FAE54DBC" author="SUZUKI N. & NOT F." box="[1103,1308,693,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="179 - 222" refId="ref198324" refString="SUZUKI N. & NOT F. 2015. - Biology and Ecology of Radiolaria, in OHTSUKA S., SUZAKI T., HORIGUCHI T., SUZUKI N. & NOT F. (eds), Marine Protists: Diversity and Dynamics. Springer Japan: 179 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 55130 - 0 _ 8" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38017AFD64FB6F4DA3" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[1103,1174,693,719]" family="Suzuki" pageId="13" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Not 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8.10.12). Protoplasm and algal symbionts were documented by epi-fluorescent observation via DAPI dyeing or other dyeing methods in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38067FFCC7FC254C43" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[842,988,790,815]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38067FFCC7FC254C43" box="[842,988,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3806D9FCC4FB524C43" author="OGANE K. & TUJI A. & SUZUKI N. & MATSUOKA A. & KURIHARA T. & HORI R. S." box="[1004,1195,789,815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref190303" refString="OGANE K., TUJI A., SUZUKI N., MATSUOKA A., KURIHARA T. & HORI R. S. 2010. - Direct observation of the skeletal growth patterns of polycystine radiolarians using a fluorescent marker. Marine Micropaleontology 77 (3 - 4): 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2010.08.005" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Ogane
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38010FFCC7FB944C43" box="[1082,1133,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1.9-1.10, 2.9-2.10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE38061BFCE4FBF64C23" author="ZHANG L. L. & SUZUKI N. & NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A." box="[814,1039,821,848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref202691" refString="ZHANG L. L., SUZUKI N., NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A. 2018. - Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology 139: 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2017.10.007" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38064DFCE7FC534C23" box="[888,938,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018: 11
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 14, 15; p. 14, fig. 10; pl. 17, fig. 9) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38066FFC84FC1C4C03" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[858,997,853,879]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38066FFC84FC1C4C03" box="[858,997,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3806C6FC84FB2C4C03" author="ZHANG L. L. & SUZUKI N. & NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A." box="[1011,1237,853,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref202691" refString="ZHANG L. L., SUZUKI N., NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A. 2018. - Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology 139: 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2017.10.007" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38010BFC87FB964C03" box="[1086,1135,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018: 11
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 16). Protoplasm was also illustrated for fixed specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3801D6FCA7FA8D4CE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1251,1396,886,911]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3801D6FCA7FA8D4CE3" box="[1251,1396,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE3800B1FCA4FC6E4CC3" author="AITA Y. & SUZUKI N. & OGANE K. & SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D. & YOUNG J. & TANIMURA Y." pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref165744" refString="AITA Y., SUZUKI N., OGANE K., SAKAI T., LAZARUS D., YOUNG J. & TANIMURA Y. 2009. - Haeckel Radiolaria Collection and the H. M. S. Challenger Plankton Collection, in TANIMURA Y. & AITA Y. (eds), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Vol. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs: 35 - 45. https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / 35 - 46. pdf - https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / P- 2. pdf" type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Aita
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380618FC47FCA44CC3" box="[813,861,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 9, figs 1, 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380103FC42FAEE4CC3" author="KRABBEROD A. K. & BRATE J. & DOLVEN J. K. & OSE R. F. & KLAVENESS D. & KRISTENSEN T. & BJORKLUND K. R. & TABRIZI K." box="[1078,1303,915,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="23526" refId="ref183642" refString="KRABBEROD A. K., BRATE J., DOLVEN J. K., OSE R. F., KLAVENESS D., KRISTENSEN T., BJORKLUND K. R. & SHALCHIAN- TABRIZI K. 2011. - Radiolaria divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in combined 18 S and 28 S rDNA phylogeny. PLoS ONE 6 (8): e 23526. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0023526" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
KrabberØd
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380198FC47FB244CC3" box="[1197,1245,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1.G-1.L). Fine protoplasmic structure was illustrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380028FC64FA484CA2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1309,1457,949,974]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380028FC64FA484CA2" box="[1309,1457,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380600FC05FBA84C82" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[821,1105,980,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF99FE380600FC05FC6E4C82" box="[821,919,980,1006]" name="Netherlands" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 33, fig. 4; pl. 35, fig. 4).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380048FC04FC614B62" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380048FC04FC614B62" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be infected by Marine Alveolata of Group II (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF99FE380600FBC5FC074B42" author="IKENOUE T. & BJORKLUND K. R. & DUMITRICA P. & KRABBEROD A. K. & KIMOTO K. & MATSUNO K. & HARADA N." box="[821,1022,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" pagination="75 - 94" refId="ref181466" refString="IKENOUE T., BJORKLUND K. R., DUMITRICA P., KRABBEROD A. K., KIMOTO K., MATSUNO K. & HARADA N. 2016. - Two new living Entactinaria (Radiolaria) species from the Arctic province: Joergensenium arcticum n. sp. and Joergensenium clevei n. sp. Marine Micropaleontology 124: 75 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2016.02.003" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Ikenoue
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806A4FBC4FC3B4B42" box="[913,962,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but real images of these symbionts have not been captured as of yet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE380676FB85FA954940" blockId="13.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Classic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806A6FB85FBFF4B02" box="[915,1030,1108,1134]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexalonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806A6FB85FBFF4B02" box="[915,1030,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380033FB85FA764B02" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1286,1423,1108,1134]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380033FB85FA764B02" box="[1286,1423,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is also mixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806C3FBA5FAD44BE3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1014,1325,1140,1167]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806C3FBA5FB7C4BE2" box="[1014,1157,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchetta</emphasis>
|
||
(Hexacaryidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38000FFBA4FC344BC3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Polycystinea" family="Astrosphaeridae" genus="Hexancistra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38000FFBA4FA494BE2" box="[1338,1456,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexancistra</emphasis>
|
||
(Hexacaryidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806E2FB45FB6B4BC2" box="[983,1170,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexarhizacontium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380194FB45FAAB4BC3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1185,1362,1172,1199]" class="Polycystinea" family="Rhizosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Rhizosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the sixradial spine-form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380132FB65FAAA4BA3" authorityName="Popofsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[1031,1363,1204,1231]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Centrolonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380132FB65FB704BA2" box="[1031,1161,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Centrolonche</emphasis>
|
||
(Centrolonchidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the six-radial spine-form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380129FB05FAA84B83" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1052,1361,1236,1263]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Stylosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380129FB05FB6D4B82" box="[1052,1172,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Stylosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
(Stylosphaeridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.They are carefully identified by an examination of their internal structure. Two shelled spherical radiolarians with six radial spines are generally classified into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806CDFAE2FB7A4A21" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1016,1155,1331,1357]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806CDFAE2FB7A4A21" box="[1016,1155,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE3801CCFAE5FAD64A22" box="[1273,1327,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of bladed or non-bladed radial beams,
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE380102FA85FB944A02" box="[1079,1133,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of bladed or non-bladed radial spines, and
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF99FE380694FAA5FC2F4AE2" box="[929,982,1396,1422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of spherical and tetrapetaloid microspheres are still overlooked. For instance, the supporting image of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380065FA42FC9A4AA1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380065FA42FC9A4AA1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the catalogue has non-bladed radial beams, non-bladed radial spines and a tetrapetaloid microsphere, whereas the typeillustration for the representative genus shows non-bladed radial beams, bladed radial beam and a spherical microsphere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF99FE380676F9E3FBA34887" blockId="13.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">
|
||
Classic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806A7F9E2FBE04920" box="[914,1049,1587,1612]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806A7F9E2FBE04920" box="[914,1049,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38002DF9E2FA514920" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1304,1448,1587,1612]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38002DF9E2FA514920" box="[1304,1448,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is also mixed with the six-radial spine-form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE380002F982FC3149E1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Axoprunum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE380002F982FA484901" box="[1335,1457,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Axoprunum</emphasis>
|
||
(Axoprunidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the six-radial spine-form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3801CEF9A3FC6149C1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1839" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Haliomma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3801CEF9A3FA9149E0" box="[1275,1384,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Haliomma</emphasis>
|
||
(Haliommidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE3806E4F943FB0749C1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[977,1278,1682,1709]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE3806E4F943FBAB49C0" box="[977,1106,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexacontella</emphasis>
|
||
(Haliommidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF99FE38067DF963FC2B49A0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[840,978,1714,1740]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="13" pageNumber="416" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF99FE38067DF963FC2B49A0" box="[840,978,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="416">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they were carefully identified by an examination of their internal structure. The morphological status of the radial spines, the radial beams and the microsphere were also poorly discriminated. Some three shelled morphospecies with six radial spines, likewise, have many radial beams between the outer double medullary shell and the cortical shell. Furthermore, some morphospecies, recovered from plankton samples, developed many fragile concentric shells between the outer double medullary shell and the cortical shell, which sometime is missing due to dissolution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B05B1FF29FE9C4E7C" blockId="14.[130,777,248,1390]" box="[132,357,248,274]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">VALIDITY OF GENERA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B05B1FEC9FEDC4E5E" blockId="14.[130,777,248,1390]" box="[132,293,280,306]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B1FEC9FEDC4E5E" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,293,280,306]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Hexacromyum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B05B1FEE9FD714A02" blockId="14.[130,777,248,1390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B1FEE9FEEF4E3D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[132,278,312,337]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B1FEE9FEEF4E3D" box="[132,278,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself was used as a valid genus inPetrushevskaya (1975: 569).The usage of this genus in our paper is corresponded to the widely accustomed usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04CEFEA6FD7B4EFC" box="[507,642,375,400]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacontium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04CEFEA6FD7B4EFC" box="[507,642,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacontium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05ECFE46FE964EDC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[217,367,407,432]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05ECFE46FE964EDC" box="[217,367,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned the four concentric shells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B05B8FE67FECD4EBD" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[141,308,438,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60) but the “4th” shell of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B07AEFE66FD164EBD" box="[667,751,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is additionally formed following the secondary growth mode of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B05B1FE27FEAD4D7D" author="OGANE K. & TUJI A. & SUZUKI N. & KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A." box="[132,340,502,529]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref190244" refString="OGANE K., TUJI A., SUZUKI N., KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A. 2009 c. - First application of PDMPO to examine silicification in polycystine Radiolaria. Plankton & Benthos Research 4 (3): 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 4.89" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ogane
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05FBFE26FF074D7C" box="[206,254,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009c)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(See the supporting image for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B07B0FE27FCFD4D7C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[645,772,502,528]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B07B0FE27FCFD4D7C" box="[645,772,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Cubosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05F9FDC7FEF94D5C" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1954" box="[204,256,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas</taxonomicName>
|
||
part).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0478FDC7FE364D5C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[333,463,534,560]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0478FDC7FE364D5C" box="[333,463,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Cubosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has “five or more concentric shells” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B05E1FDE7FE814D3D" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[212,376,566,593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D58) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04DBFDE6FD894D3C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[494,624,567,592]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04DBFDE6FD894D3C" box="[494,624,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacontura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three concentric shells with irregular pores of dissimilar sizes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B07AAFD87FF424DFD" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60). The subsequent “4th” or “5th” concentric shell illustrated in the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04EBFD47FD994DDC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[478,608,662,688]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04EBFD47FD994DDC" box="[478,608,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Cubosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also the shell formed following the secondary growth mode of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B07BDFD67FF214D9C" author="OGANE K. & TUJI A. & SUZUKI N. & KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref190244" refString="OGANE K., TUJI A., SUZUKI N., KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A. 2009 c. - First application of PDMPO to examine silicification in polycystine Radiolaria. Plankton & Benthos Research 4 (3): 89 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 4.89" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ogane
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B07E0FD67FCFE4DA3" box="[725,775,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009c)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Pore size and shape continuously changed from regular pores with similar size, so this difference is related to species or within species variations, if we refer to the numerous photos in publications.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0427FCE4FE3B4C3C" author="AITA Y. & SUZUKI N. & OGANE K. & SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D. & YOUNG J. & TANIMURA Y." box="[274,450,821,848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="35 - 45" refId="ref165744" refString="AITA Y., SUZUKI N., OGANE K., SAKAI T., LAZARUS D., YOUNG J. & TANIMURA Y. 2009. - Haeckel Radiolaria Collection and the H. M. S. Challenger Plankton Collection, in TANIMURA Y. & AITA Y. (eds), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Vol. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs: 35 - 45. https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / 35 - 46. pdf - https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / P- 2. pdf" type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Aita
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0476FCE7FE8D4C23" box="[323,372,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B071DFCE7FCFC4C23" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[552,773,821,847]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B071DFCE7FCFC4C23" box="[552,773,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the plankton slide from the
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04F1FC84FD7C4C03" box="[452,645,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">H.M.S. Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
Station 271 which was examined by Haeckel himself.The type material for this species is from a “Central Pacific, Station, surface” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B07E7FC44FEDA4CA3" author="HAECKEL E." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel 1887: 201</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The valid name is the oldest synonym among them (1882 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0410FC04FE4E4C82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[293,439,981,1006]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0410FC04FE4E4C82" box="[293,439,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1887 for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B076DFC05FD204C82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[600,729,980,1006]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Cubosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B076DFC05FD204C82" box="[600,729,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Cubosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B7FC24FEFA4B62" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[130,259,1013,1038]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacontura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B7FC24FEFA4B62" box="[130,259,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacontura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, one concern is the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B7FBC5FF054B42" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[130,252,1044,1070]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B7FBC5FF054B42" box="[130,252,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen corresponding to the type-illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0597FBE5FE5D4B22" box="[162,420,1076,1102]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="hexacanhtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0597FBE5FE5D4B22" box="[162,420,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis hexacanhtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Ehrenberg collection have a single cortical shell, whereas other specimens in the same collection have three concentric shell (see support image for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B3FB45FEFC4BC2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[134,261,1172,1198]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B3FB45FEFC4BC2" box="[134,261,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0467FB45FE724BC3" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1954" box="[338,395,1172,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas</taxonomicName>
|
||
). If these specimens are conspecific,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B0FB65FEF84BA2" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[133,257,1204,1230]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B0FB65FEF84BA2" box="[133,257,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would not belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04CCFB65FD7F4BA2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[505,646,1204,1230]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="14" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and hence it would not be a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04E8FB05FD8A4B82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[477,627,1236,1262]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04E8FB05FD8A4B82" box="[477,627,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B07B5FB05FCF94B82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[640,768,1236,1262]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B07B5FB05FCF94B82" box="[640,768,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexastylettus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B1FB22FEFA4A61" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,259,1267,1293]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B1FB22FEFA4A61" box="[132,259,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexastylissus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0402FB22FE414A61" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[311,440,1267,1293]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0402FB22FE414A61" box="[311,440,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This means that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0744FB22FD094A61" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[625,752,1267,1293]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0744FB22FD094A61" box="[625,752,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the oldest synonym among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0495FAC5FDCA4A41" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[416,563,1300,1325]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0495FAC5FDCA4A41" box="[416,563,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05F1FAE2FEBA4A21" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[196,323,1331,1357]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05F1FAE2FEBA4A21" box="[196,323,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been used for recent 50 years so the valid genus remains unchanged as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04DBFA85FD784A01" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[494,641,1364,1389]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexacromyum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04DBFA85FD784A01" box="[494,641,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexacromyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B05B1FA42FEE34AC1" blockId="14.[130,777,1427,2028]" box="[132,282,1427,1453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B1FA42FEE34AC1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,282,1427,1453]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Hexalonchilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B05B1FA62FD054880" blockId="14.[130,777,1427,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B1FA62FEE04AA1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[132,281,1459,1485]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B1FA62FEE04AA1" box="[132,281,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
partly corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0715FA62FD654AA1" box="[544,668,1459,1485]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexalonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0715FA62FD654AA1" box="[544,668,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexalonche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on both concentric shells but is limited for those that have a heteropolar microsphere with un-bladed six radial beams.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B3F9C3FEEC4940" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[134,277,1554,1580]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B3F9C3FEEC4940" box="[134,277,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexalonchusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by irregular pores of dissimilar sizes and the spiny surface of the cortical shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B07AEF9E3FF474901" author="CAMPBELL A. S." pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60) but these differences are related to infra- or intra-specific variations. The spiny surface is also induced by the preservation effect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04B2F943FDC749C0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[391,574,1682,1708]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04B2F943FDC749C0" box="[391,574,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Staurolonchantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered to have four equidistant main radial spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0766F963FCF949A1" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[595,768,1714,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D56) but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B042CF903FE824980" box="[281,379,1746,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has a typical structure with six radial spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B05E3F923FE5D4860" author="SUZUKI N. & OGANE K. & AITA Y. & SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D." box="[214,420,1778,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref198591" refString="SUZUKI N., OGANE K., AITA Y., SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D. 2009 c. - Reexamination of Ehrenberg's Neogene Radiolarian Collections and its Impact on Taxonomic Stability, in TANIMURA Y. & AITA Y. (eds), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Vol. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs: 87 - 96. https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / 71 - 86. pdf - https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / P- 4 - corr. pdf" type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05E3F923FEE64860" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[214,287,1778,1804]" family="Suzuki" pageId="14" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0413F922FEA24860" box="[294,347,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 36, figs 2a-d). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B0790F923FCFE4860" box="[677,775,1778,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B059FF8C3FE6B4840" box="[170,402,1810,1836]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Haliomma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hexagonum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B059FF8C3FE6B4840" box="[170,402,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Haliomma hexagonum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” has an unclear innermost shell but has presumably three concentric shells. All these four “genera” were initially established with a subgenus rank in the same publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0427F8A0FE1D48E7" author="HAECKEL E." box="[274,484,1905,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel 1887: 170</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0722F8A0FD5C48E7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[535,677,1905,1931]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0722F8A0FD5C48E7" box="[535,677,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexalonchilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 186 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B05B3F840FEEA48C7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[134,275,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B05B3F840FEEA48C7" box="[134,275,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Hexalonchusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 158 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B04A7F840FDBC48C7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[402,581,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B04A7F840FDBC48C7" box="[402,581,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Staurolonchantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In consideration of uncertainty for the type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0714F860FD2E48A7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[545,727,1969,1995]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Staurolonchantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0714F860FD2E48A7" box="[545,727,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Staurolonchantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genus which is published first is selected as the valid name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618FF06FC844F9D" blockId="14.[810,1457,215,1327]" box="[813,893,215,241]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0618FF06FC844F9D" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[813,893,215,241]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nanina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9AFE3B0618FF29FB164A43" blockId="14.[810,1457,215,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
Regarding the proposal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0102FF28FB7C4E7E" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[1079,1157,249,274]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0102FF28FB7C4E7E" box="[1079,1157,249,274]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
byKozur & Mostler (1982), the genus name was established as follows. The new taxon status for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B064DFEE8FC314E3E" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[888,968,313,338]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B064DFEE8FC314E3E" box="[888,968,313,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first published as a tentative genus name:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0619FE89FB2F4E1E" authority="Nakaseko et al. (1982)" authorityName="Nakaseko" authorityYear="1982" box="[812,1238,344,370]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Pentactinosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0619FE89FC1A4E1E" box="[812,995,344,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Pentactinosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0163FE88FB714E1E" box="[1110,1160,344,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1982)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the mention of “
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B060DFEA8FC2F4EDE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
We assigned it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B06E8FEA9FA6E4EFE" authority="(Nakaseko)" baseAuthorityName="Nakaseko" box="[989,1431,376,402]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Pentactinosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hokurikuensis">Pentactinosphaera hokurikuensis (Nakaseko)</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a tentative name
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” (Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0156FE48FB6F4EDE" box="[1123,1174,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982: 423). The available description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B06E3FE69FB774EBE" box="[982,1166,440,466]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Pentactinosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06E3FE69FB774EBE" box="[982,1166,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Pentactinosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was formally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B061BFE06FBE34E9E" author="NAKASEKO K. & NAGATA K. & NISHIMURA A." box="[814,1050,471,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="31 - 37" refId="ref188179" refString="NAKASEKO K., NAGATA K. & NISHIMURA A. 1983. - Pentactinosphaera hokurikuensis (Nakaseko): A revised early Miocene Radiolaria. Science Reports, College of General Education Osaka University 32 (1): 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06AFFE09FC354E9D" box="[922,972,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the same
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9AFE3B018CFE09FB1E4E9E" box="[1209,1255,472,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B006BFE09FA574E9D" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[1374,1454,472,497]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B006BFE09FA574E9D" box="[1374,1454,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B067AFE29FBA64D7E" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[847,1119,503,530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published in
|
||
<date id="FF9A4DA5FF9AFE3B01CDFE26FA524D7E" box="[1272,1451,503,530]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" value="1982-12">December 1982</date>
|
||
. Under the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0176FDC9FA564D5E" authority=", Kozur & Mostler (1982)" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[1091,1455,535,562]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0176FDC9FB684D5D" box="[1091,1169,536,561]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0194FDC9FA564D5E" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[1185,1455,535,562]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cited Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06EEFDE9FBE94D3D" box="[987,1040,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1982) with the comment: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0067FDE6FAC34D1D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">described the internal structure of this genus for the first time</emphasis>
|
||
”, but they never cited the
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B06FDFDA9FBA54DFD" box="[968,1116,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0198FDA6FA9A4DFD" box="[1197,1379,631,657]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Pentactinosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0198FDA6FA9A4DFD" box="[1197,1379,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Pentactinosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in the synonym list included in the English abstract or within the figure explanation ofNakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B014CFD69FB524DBD" box="[1145,1195,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1982). At this time, the Code (ICZN 1964) included on page 93 a “code of ethics” which stated that: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B013EFD26FB7F4C3C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B013EFD26FB804C7C" box="[1035,1145,758,785]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoologist">A zoologist</taxonomicName>
|
||
should not establish himself a new taxon if he has reason to believe that another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B0006FCC7FA714C5C" box="[1331,1416,790,816]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoologist">zoologist</taxonomicName>
|
||
has already recognized the same taxon
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[...]
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B018FFCE6FBE54C1C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">He should communicate with the other zoologists</emphasis>
|
||
[...]
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0178FC87FB6D4CFC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">consider himself free to establish the new taxon only if the other zoologists</emphasis>
|
||
[...]
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B01F1FCA7FB814CDC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">fail to do so in a reasonable period (not less than a year).</emphasis>
|
||
” As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B019DFC47FA564CDC" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[1192,1455,918,944]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized Nakaseko
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B0127FC66FBBC4CBC" box="[1042,1093,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1982) as the first describer of the internal structure on page 409, there is no doubt they knew that Nakaseko would prepare a new taxonomic paper for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9AFE3B007AFC27FA644B63" authorityName=", Kozur & Mostler" authorityYear="1982" box="[1359,1437,1014,1039]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9AFE3B007AFC27FA644B63" box="[1359,1437,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="417">Nanina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Despite the prescribed code of ethics,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B019BFBC7FA564B5C" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[1198,1455,1045,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established a new taxon without communicating with Nakaseko (Kozur, personal comm.; Nishimura, personal comm. to NS) and after a very short waiting period (less than a year). The problem is not to identify the first discoverer; instead, the problem lies in understanding why
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9AFE3B0192FB67FA564BBC" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[1191,1455,1205,1232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="417" pagination="399 - 414" refId="ref183423" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1982. - Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 11 (1): 399 - 414." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur & Mostler (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not respect the “code of ethics” which could have avoided future trouble regarding the author priority of the taxon, even though this is not a scientific requirement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |