treatments-xml/data/03/80/F3/0380F3071F6ADB7EFCE3FE08FAF8E3DC.xml

<document id="F2EAAF312EE72DE266A32C0D020D83E2" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.11.001" ID-ISSN="2213-2244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13289292" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1723244754081" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Santos, Ana Nunes, Willkens, Yuri, Silva, Luiz Fernando Neres, Melo, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos &amp; Fernandes, Thayane Ferreira" docDate="2023" docId="0380F3071F6ADB7EFCE3FE08FAF8E3DC" docLanguage="en" docName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.22.243-248.pdf" docOrigin="International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.11.001" docStyle="DocumentStyle:77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931.2:IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931" docStyleName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Oxyascaris annulatum Santos, Willkens, Silva, Melo &amp; Fernandes, 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FFB98B7F1F6BDB7DFFB2FF86FF96E030" masterDocTitle="A new species of Oxyascaris Travassos, 1920 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) parasite of Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1728398640954" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="08A155E3F851B92D1505A8ED6F2C11C6">A new species of Oxyascaris Travassos, 1920 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) parasite of Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="215F78A768B5870A3C99242CE9E6314D">Santos, Ana Nunes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CEF249628B3F6324C44396587D10DF32">Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology “ Prof. Dr. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi ”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, 66075 - 110, Belém, Pará, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="155341C9D0CCA1FAD429BB9956704A78">Willkens, Yuri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E144CA177FF98021AF027E612247936D">Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology “ Prof. Dr. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi ”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, 66075 - 110, Belém, Pará, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6CF3CD7BB159F149E461C81BFCA3357F">Silva, Luiz Fernando Neres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="88D6E65A2B9FB43BF4902C628684BCF0">Faculdade Facimp Wyden, Av. Prudente de Morais, s / n, Parque Sanharol, 65914 - 335, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DDF908AE76F64C08EE729BAC3BEE65F">Melo, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B733B454FC6B288A9C2545AD5F770FE">Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology “ Prof. Dr. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi ”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, 66075 - 110, Belém, Pará, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0BCF4B5E8F225A29D060BF5BED2545C5">Fernandes, Thayane Ferreira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4D4548D17E1EFDAD60D8FD3EF1065D02">Faculdade Facimp Wyden, Av. Prudente de Morais, s / n, Parque Sanharol, 65914 - 335, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2B1F9A1058740BC6B5EE207B9BD5E233">2023</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE08FBFCE192" bold="true" box="[849,1130,398,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F6ADB7CFCE3FE08FBBDE192" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[849,1067,398,418]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="244" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE08FBBDE192" bold="true" box="[849,1067,398,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Oxyascaris annulatum</emphasis>
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Santos, Melo &amp; Fernandes, 2023
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<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE2CFC3BE18D" bold="true" box="[849,941,426,445]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Type-host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F6ADB7CFC01FE2CFB6AE18D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[947,1276,426,446]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptodeira" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFC01FE2CFBF0E18D" bold="true" box="[947,1126,426,445]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Leptodeira annulata</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE40FC2FE1E9" bold="true" box="[849,953,454,473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Site in host:</emphasis>
small intestine
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<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE64FC5CE1C5" bold="true" box="[849,970,482,501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Type-locality:</emphasis>
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˜, 
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(
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7 
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30′33.8″ S
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46 
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23′02.9″W
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)
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<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FE78FC44E221" bold="true" box="[849,978,510,529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Type-material:</emphasis>
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The 
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(
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and 
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),
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the 
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and 
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(
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) are deposited in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) Bel´em, Par´a, Brazil
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9642111F6ADB7FFCE3FDD4FD2EE0F3" blockId="1.[849,1487,343,697]" lastBlockId="2.[132,770,147,278]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFCE3FDD4FB99E255" bold="true" box="[849,1039,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
To comply with the regulations set out in article 8.5 of the amended 2012 version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F6ADB7CFAE0FD0CFA57E2AD" author="ICZN" box="[1362,1473,650,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref5465" refString="ICZN, 2012. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Amendment of articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. Zootaxa 3450, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 219.3994." type="journal article" year="2012">ICZN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
), details of the new species have been submitted to ZooBank. The Life Science Identifier (LSID) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F69DB7FFE2DFF12FDFDE096" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[415,619,147,167]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFE2DFF12FDFDE096" bold="true" box="[415,619,147,167]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Oxyascaris annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<uri id="FFB84E131F69DB7FFD3EFF12FD22E0F3" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 
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</uri>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9642111F6ADB7CFFD6F8FFFDCCE78D" blockId="1.[100,1487,1913,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFFD6F8FFFF0AE7BA" bold="true" box="[100,156,1913,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Line drawings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F6ADB7CFE85F8FFFE7CE7BA" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[311,490,1913,1930]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="244" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F6ADB7CFE85F8FFFE7CE7BA" bold="true" box="[311,490,1913,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="244">Oxyascaris annulatum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F6ADB7CFE5DF8FCFD8AE7BA" box="[495,540,1914,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="244" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C333119A1F69DB7FFF36FF4DFEFCE0CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFF36FF4DFEFCE0CB" blockId="2.[132,770,147,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFF36FF4DFF70E0EE" bold="true" box="[132,230,203,222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name of the species is given in reference to the 
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host 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F69DB7FFF00FF61FEF2E0CA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[178,356,231,250]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptodeira" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFF00FF61FEF2E0CA" bold="true" box="[178,356,231,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Leptodeira annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C333119A1F69DB7EFF36FE85FF1AE376" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFF36FE85FEE1E126" blockId="2.[132,770,147,278]" box="[132,375,259,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFF36FE85FF71E126" bold="true" box="[132,231,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFF47FE85FEA5E126" box="[245,307,259,278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFED1FE85FEF9E126" box="[355,367,259,278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFFD6FEF4FF4CE1B5" blockId="2.[100,218,370,389]" box="[100,218,370,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0DEF57D1F69DB7FFFD6FEF4FF4CE1B5" box="[100,218,370,389]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFFD6FEF4FF4CE1B5" bold="true" box="[100,218,370,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">2.1. General</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFF36FE2CFA8DE0CB" blockId="2.[100,770,426,696]" lastBlockId="2.[818,1487,148,251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
Evident sexual dimorphism, mature females four times larger than males in total length. Females presenting a vesicle at anterior region of body, with a wider portion beginning at cephalic region, extending to nerve ring, narrowing towards esophageal bulb (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFD83FE7BFDE0E220" box="[561,630,509,528]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Oral opening at cephalic end, triangular in shape, with three lips; dorsal lip with a pair of papillae; lateroventral lips with one papilla and one amphid each (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFFDEFDD7FF26E254" box="[108,176,593,612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFF53FDD7FE8AE254" box="[225,284,593,612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">2A, D</figureCitation>
). Esophagus divided into pharynx, corpus, isthmus and bulb (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFF71FDEBFE88E2B0" box="[195,286,621,640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1B, E</figureCitation>
). Nerve ring at posterior third of esophagus in males and at middle of esophagus in females (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFE65FD0FFDA2E2AC" box="[471,564,649,668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 1B, E</figureCitation>
). Excretory pore postbulbar or at the bulb level in males and pre-bulbar in females (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFD14FD23FC97E288" box="[678,769,677,696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Figs.1B, E</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFCE8FF12FCE0E097" box="[858,886,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">2E</figureCitation>
). Numerous somatic papillae present at cuticular surface in both sexes, randomly distributed (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFBF9FF36FB05E0F3" box="[1099,1171,176,195]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Discrete lateral line in females (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFC88FF4DFC17E0EF" box="[826,897,203,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), absent in males. Tail conical, robust, tapering abruptly to a short filament in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFBF7FF61FB3AE0CB" box="[1093,1196,231,251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Figs. 1C, G</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFB69FF6EFA86E0CB" box="[1243,1296,232,251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">2C, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFC80FEBCFA9CE17D" blockId="2.[818,1290,314,333]" box="[818,1290,314,333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0DEF57D1F69DB7FFC80FEBCFA9CE17D" box="[818,1290,314,333]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFC80FEBCFA9CE17D" bold="true" box="[818,1290,314,333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
2.2. Males (based on the 
<typeStatus id="5492FCB31F69DB7FFBACFEBCFBFFE17D" box="[1054,1129,314,333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D2F89981F69DB7FFB2BFEBCFA95E17D" box="[1177,1283,314,333]" count="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7EFCE3FEF4FE51E0CB" blockId="2.[818,1488,370,696]" lastBlockId="3.[100,770,148,251]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
Total body length 
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(
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F69DB7FFBEEFEF4FB44E1B5" box="[1116,1234,370,389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5.7 mm</quantity>
; 5.08) mm, body width at level of esophagus-intestinal junction 179 (116–202; 168). Esophagus 434 (387–547; 463) long; pharynx 42 (37–55; 45) × 47 (37–47; 42), corpus 324 (314–418; 361) × 53 (53–79; 59); isthmus 47 (32–79; 50) × 42 (36–47; 40), bulb 66 (66–84; 75) × 68 (58–76; 72) respectively. Nerve ring at 253 (166–284; 242) and excretory pore 550 (390–518; 471) from anterior end, respectively. Caudal papillae slightly larger in size than somatic papillae, 
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total (3 + 1:1:3): three pairs of ventral precloacal papillae; one large unpaired medial precloacal papilla at anterior border of cloacal aperture (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFB15FDEBFB63E2B0" box="[1191,1269,621,640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
); one pair of ventral adcloacal papillae (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F69DB7FFC5AFD0FFBB8E2AC" box="[1000,1070,649,668]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
); three pairs of postcloacal papillae (the first postcloacal pair ventral, the second lateroventral, and the third pair ventral) (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFF0FFF12FE96E097" box="[189,256,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFE82FF12FEF1E097" box="[304,359,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">2F, G</figureCitation>
). Two small lateral phasmids located at tail tip. Spicules curved distally, right spicule 149 (84–174; 137) and left spicule 184 (120–180; 152) long (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFE1BFF4DFE64E0EF" box="[425,498,203,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Gubernaculum absent. Tail 287 (234–334) long (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFE9DFF61FEE7E0CB" box="[303,369,231,251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFE13FF6EFE2AE0CB" box="[417,444,232,251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5612991F69DB7FFFD6F8E6FAE2E78D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" startId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" targetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9642111F69DB7FFFD6F8E6FAE2E78D" blockId="2.[100,1488,1887,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFFD6F8E6FF0BE741" bold="true" box="[100,157,1888,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Scanning Electron Microscopy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F69DB7FFE70F8E6FDA7E740" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[450,561,1887,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F69DB7FFE70F8E6FDA7E740" bold="true" box="[450,561,1887,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">O. annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F69DB7FFD84F8E6FDF3E740" box="[566,613,1888,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFFD6FEA7FDB6E104" blockId="3.[100,544,289,309]" box="[100,544,289,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<heading id="D0DEF57D1F68DB7EFFD6FEA7FDB6E104" box="[100,544,289,309]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFFD6FEA7FDB6E104" bold="true" box="[100,544,289,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
2.3. Female (based on 
<typeStatus id="5492FCB31F68DB7EFE88FEA7FE16E104" box="[314,384,289,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D2F89981F68DB7EFE1DFEA7FD8FE104" box="[431,537,289,308]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">4 paratypes</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36FEDFFF1AE376" blockId="3.[100,770,345,838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
Total body length 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFEF0FEDFFE1CE15D" box="[322,394,345,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
(18–24; 21), body width at level of esophagus-intestinal junction 295 (213–350; 272). Esophagus 668 (739–929; 802) long; pharynx 68 (53–74; 62) × 74 (58–74; 64); corpus 666 (571–724; 637) × 129 (100–132; 124); isthmus 58 (26–108; 64) × 73 (63–73; 70); bulb 124 (92–105; 99) × 118 (108–139; 120). Nerve ring at 347 (276–418; 342) and excretory pore at 634 (516–671; 579) from anterior end, respectively. Vulva pre-equatorial, lips not protruded (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFFDEFD9AFF27E200" box="[108,177,540,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), located at 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFE97FD9BFECDE200" box="[293,347,541,560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
(6.4–8.2, corresponding 34–35% of the total body length; 7.3) from anterior end. Didelphic and amphidelphic genital apparatus. Vagina muscular, directed anteriorly, flexed to posterior region throughout most of length, giving rise to one uterine branche directed anteriorly and one branch directed posteriorly. Uterine branches associated with an ovary each. Anterior and posterior region of uterus branch with a dilated portion, flexed posteriorly, usually filled with spermatozoa (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFEADFD66FE12E2C3" box="[287,388,736,755]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1F, H</figureCitation>
). Body width at the level of vulva 547 (500–639; 576). Eggs oval, often larvated 82 (82–103) long and 66 (65–68) wide (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFF41FC91FEA4E31B" box="[243,306,791,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
). Tail 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFEC3FC9EFE3EE31B" box="[369,424,792,811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFE04FC9EFDD2E31B" box="[438,580,792,811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.037" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.974" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="1.037" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.974">0.974–1.1 mm</quantity>
; 480) long (
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFD08FC91FD68E31B" box="[698,766,791,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[100,130,1913,1930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,772,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-405@1.[339,1249,771,1885]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Line drawings of Oxyascaris annulatum n. sp. A – Male, whole view; B – Male, anterior end, lateral view; C – Male, ventral view of tail; D – Male, spicules; E – Female, anterior end, lateral view; F – Female, reproductive system; G – Female, tail, lateral view; H – Female, detail of uterine dilation; I – Larvated egg. Scale bars – A, F, H: 350 μm; B, E: 250 μm; C, G: 150 μm; D, I: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289294/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13125E941F68DB7EFFD6FCB5FF14E376" box="[100,130,819,838]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[100,130,1888,1905]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,739,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-400@2.[339,1249,737,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy of O. annulatum n. sp. A – Female, anterior end, detailing cephalic papillae (arrowhead), apical view; B – Female, vulva (vu), ventrolateral view; C – Female, posterior end, anus (an) and lateral line (l); D – Male, anterior end apical view, cephalic papillae (arrowhead) and amphid (arrow); E – Male, detail of excretory pore (ep) and somatic papillae (arrowhead); F – Male, posterior end, precloacal papillae (arrowhead), unpaired papilla (arrow), insert – adcloacal papillae (arrowhead), and detail of unpaired papilla (p). Scale bars – A: 20 μm; B, F: 100 μm; C: 200 μm; D: 10 μm; E: 50 μm; insert: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13289296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13289296/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C333119A1F68DB7EFFD6FCEDFAF8E3DC" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFFD6FCEDFF4BE34F" blockId="3.[100,221,875,895]" box="[100,221,875,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<heading id="D0DEF57D1F68DB7EFFD6FCEDFF4BE34F" bold="true" box="[100,221,875,895]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFFD6FCEDFF4BE34F" bold="true" box="[100,221,875,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">3. Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36FC22FE9FE481" blockId="3.[100,771,931,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
We assigned the nematodes presented in this study to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFD0EFC22FF24E3E2" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1925" class="Chromadorea" family="Cosmocercidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Cosmocercidae</taxonomicName>
by the evident sexual dimorphism compared to other cosmocercid genera, primarily the total length of females (mature females more than twice as large as males). Additionally, the nematodes have three distinct lips, females didelphic amphidelphic, uteri with one branch directed anteriorly and one posteriorly filled with numerous small eggs; tail conical robust, males without pre-anal pseudosucker. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFF52FBE1FE16E44A" author="Travassos, L." box="[224,384,1127,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref5798" refString="Travassos, L., 1920. Contribuicˆoes para o conhecimento da fauna helmintologica brasileira. Archos Escola superior. Agronomia Medicina veteterin´aria Nictheroy, 4, 17 - 20." type="journal article" year="1920">Travassos (1920)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFE38FBE1FD98E44A" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[394,526,1127,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas (1958)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFDF2FBE1FF32E4A6" author="Bursey, C. R. &amp; Goldberg, S. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="58 - 61" refId="ref5017" refString="Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., 2007. A new species of Oxyascaris (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in the Costa Rica brook frog, Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Anura, Hylidae). Acta Parasitol. 52, 58 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 007 - 0007 - 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Bursey and Goldberg (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, those morphological traits can be attributed to species of the genus 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFF13FB18FE9FE481" bold="true" box="[161,265,1182,1201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFF13FB18FE93E481" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[161,261,1182,1201]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Oxyascaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36FB3CFF69E5A1" blockId="3.[100,771,931,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
The species of this genus are distinguished based on a combination of the following morphological characters: presence or absence of unpaired medial papillae located at the anterior cloacal lip, the number and distribution of caudal papillae, the presence or absence of lateral body alae in males and females, presence or absence of gubernaculum, length of spicules in males, and position of the vulva relative to the anterior end of the body in females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFE9AFAE4FE0BE545" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[296,413,1378,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFE1AFAE4FD19E545" author="Baker, M. R. &amp; Vaucher, C." box="[424,655,1378,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref4958" refString="Baker, M. R., Vaucher, C., 1985. Parasitic helminths from Paraguay VII: systematic position of oxyascaris Travassos, 1920 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea). Rev. Suisse Zool. 92, 303 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81619." type="journal article" year="1985">Baker and Vaucher 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFD28FAE4FF67E5A1" author="Bursey, C. R. &amp; Goldberg, S. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="58 - 61" refId="ref5017" refString="Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., 2007. A new species of Oxyascaris (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in the Costa Rica brook frog, Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Anura, Hylidae). Acta Parasitol. 52, 58 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 007 - 0007 - 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Bursey and Goldberg 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36FA1CFDE7E6BC" blockId="3.[100,771,931,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFF36FA1CFF70E59D" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[132,230,1434,1453]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFF36FA1CFF70E59D" bold="true" box="[132,230,1434,1453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises six known species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFD84FA1CFD6AE59D" authorityName="Felix-Nascimento, Vieira, Muniz-Pereira, Moura, Ribeiro, Oliveira" authorityYear="2020" box="[566,764,1434,1453]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caatingae">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFD84FA1CFD6AE59D" bold="true" box="[566,764,1434,1453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris caatingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFFD6FA33FF74E5F8" box="[100,226,1461,1480]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFFD6FA33FF74E5F8" bold="true" box="[100,226,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFF5EFA33FEF4E5F8" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[236,354,1461,1480]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oxyascaris">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFF5EFA33FEF4E5F8" bold="true" box="[236,354,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. oxyascaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFEDFFA33FDB4E5F8" bold="true" box="[365,546,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFEDFFA33FE29E5F8" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[365,447,1461,1480]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">O. similis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFE7AFA33FDB4E5F8" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[456,546,1461,1480]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">O. longum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFDFCFA33FD5AE5F8" authorityName="Bursey and Goldberg" authorityYear="2007" box="[590,716,1461,1480]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFDFCFA33FD5AE5F8" bold="true" box="[590,716,1461,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFE1EFA57FDB8E5D4" authorityName="Bursey and Goldberg" authorityYear="2007" box="[428,558,1489,1508]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFE1EFA57FDB8E5D4" bold="true" box="[428,558,1489,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the gubernaculum (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFED4FA6BFE7FE630" authorityName="Bursey and Goldberg" authorityYear="2007" box="[358,489,1517,1536]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFED4FA6BFE7FE630" bold="true" box="[358,489,1517,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the presence of an unpaired papilla on the upper lip of the cloaca (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFDC1F98FFD62E62C" authorityName="Bursey and Goldberg" authorityYear="2007" box="[627,756,1545,1564]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mcdiarmidi">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFDC1F98FFD62E62C" bold="true" box="[627,756,1545,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. mcdiarmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFEC2F9A3FE71E608" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1920" box="[368,487,1573,1592]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="oxyascaris">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFEC2F9A3FE71E608" bold="true" box="[368,487,1573,1592]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. oxyascaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking gubernaculum, but differs by the presence of the unpaired papilla on the upper lip of the cloaca (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFF00F9DBFEA7E640" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[178,305,1629,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas, 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFEF0F9DBFDD9E640" author="Bursey, C. R. &amp; Goldberg, S. R." box="[322,591,1629,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="58 - 61" refId="ref5017" refString="Bursey, C. R., Goldberg, S. R., 2007. A new species of Oxyascaris (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in the Costa Rica brook frog, Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Anura, Hylidae). Acta Parasitol. 52, 58 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 007 - 0007 - 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Bursey and Goldberg, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFDEDF9DBFF46E6BC" author="Felix-Nascimento, G. &amp; Vieira, F. &amp; Muniz-Pereira, L. &amp; Moura, G. &amp; Ribeiro, L. &amp; Oliveira, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="274 - 290" refId="ref5230" refString="Felix-Nascimento, G., Vieira, F., Muniz-Pereira, L., Moura, G., Ribeiro, L., Oliveira, J., 2020. Two new species of Cosmocercidae (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) of Leptodactylus macrosternum miranda-ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 4877 (2), 274 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4877.2.3." type="journal article" year="2020">Felix-Nascimento et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFF6EF9FFFE3EE6BC" author="Alcantara, E. P. &amp; Ferreira-Silva, C. &amp; Forti, L. R. &amp; Morais, D. H. &amp; Silva, R. J." box="[220,424,1657,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="426 - 434" refId="ref4876" refString="Alcantara, E. P., Ferreira-Silva, C., Forti, L. R., Morais, D. H., Silva, R. J., 2021. A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the marsupial frog Gastrotheca microdiscos (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4908 (3), 426 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4908.3.7." type="journal article" year="2021">Alcantara et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFE06F9FFFDF5E6BC" author="Santos, A. N. &amp; Borges, E. S. &amp; Wilkens, Y. &amp; Santos, J. N. &amp; Costa-Campos, C. E. &amp; Melo, F. T. V." box="[436,611,1657,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" refId="ref5620" refString="Santos, A. N., Borges, E. S., Wilkens, Y., Santos, J. N., Costa-Campos, C. E., Melo, F. T. V., 2023. A New Species of Aplectana Railliet &amp; Henry, 1916 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) Parasite of the Boana boans (Anura: Hylidae) (Linnaeus, 1758) from Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Vet Parasitol 32 (4), e 014023. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 29612023074." type="journal volume" year="2023">Santos et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36F913FD45E75B" blockId="3.[100,771,931,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
The new species shares the presence of an unpaired papilla at the anterior cloacal lip with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFEEDF936FE45E6F3" authorityName="Felix-Nascimento, Vieira, Muniz-Pereira, Moura, Ribeiro, Oliveira" authorityYear="2020" box="[351,467,1712,1731]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caatingae">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFEEDF936FE45E6F3" bold="true" box="[351,467,1712,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caatingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFE56F936FDFBE6F3" bold="true" box="[484,621,1712,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFE56F936FDFEE6F3" box="[484,616,1712,1731]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">O. caudacutus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFD17F936FD6AE6F3" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[677,764,1712,1731]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFD17F936FD6AE6F3" bold="true" box="[677,764,1712,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFF74F94AFE06E6EF" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[198,400,1740,1759]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFF74F94AFE06E6EF" bold="true" box="[198,400,1740,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFE2AF94BFE5BE6D0" box="[408,461,1741,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFDFEF94AFD2BE6EF" authorityName="Felix-Nascimento, Vieira, Muniz-Pereira, Moura, Ribeiro, Oliveira" authorityYear="2020" box="[588,701,1740,1759]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caatingae">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFDFEF94AFD2BE6EF" bold="true" box="[588,701,1740,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caatingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the total number of caudal papillae pairs (7 pairs + 1 unpaired 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFD39F96FFD0BE6CC" bold="true" box="[651,669,1769,1788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
15 pairs + 1, respectively), as well as in the distribution of papillae (3:1:3 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFD17F882FD21E727" bold="true" box="[677,695,1796,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
5:1: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFD6EF882FC97E727" box="[732,769,1796,1815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFFD6F8A6FF4DE703" authorityName="Felix-Nascimento, Vieira, Muniz-Pereira, Moura, Ribeiro, Oliveira" authorityYear="2020" box="[100,219,1824,1843]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caatingae">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFFD6F8A6FF4DE703" bold="true" box="[100,219,1824,1843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caatingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, papillae distribution formula pre-: ad-: post-cloacal). Additionally, the males of the new species lack gubernaculum, while it is present in males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFE81F8DEFD59E75B" authority="(Felix-Nascimento et al., 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Felix-Nascimento" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[307,719,1880,1899]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caatingae">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFE81F8DEFE34E75B" bold="true" box="[307,418,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caatingae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFE03F8DEFD53E75B" author="Felix-Nascimento, G. &amp; Vieira, F. &amp; Muniz-Pereira, L. &amp; Moura, G. &amp; Ribeiro, L. &amp; Oliveira, J." box="[433,709,1880,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="274 - 290" refId="ref5230" refString="Felix-Nascimento, G., Vieira, F., Muniz-Pereira, L., Moura, G., Ribeiro, L., Oliveira, J., 2020. Two new species of Cosmocercidae (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) of Leptodactylus macrosternum miranda-ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from caatinga biome, Brazil. Zootaxa 4877 (2), 274 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4877.2.3." type="journal article" year="2020">Felix-Nascimento et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFF36F8F2FBC6E18E" blockId="3.[100,771,931,1955]" lastBlockId="3.[818,1488,148,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
The males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFEB5F8F2FE46E7B6" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[263,464,1907,1927]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFEB5F8F2FE46E7B6" bold="true" box="[263,464,1907,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFE65F8F2FD9DE7B7" box="[471,523,1908,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFD8EF8F2FD2BE7B6" box="[572,701,1907,1927]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFD8EF8F2FDDDE7B7" bold="true" box="[572,587,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFDEBF8F5FD2BE7B6" bold="true" box="[601,701,1907,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not have gubernaculum (based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFECCF816FE6EE793" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[382,504,1936,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas, 1958</bibRefCitation>
). However, they differ in the total number of papillae pairs (7 pairs + 1 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFAB4FF12FA8EE097" bold="true" box="[1286,1304,148,167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
13 pairs + 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFA11FF12FA59E097" box="[1443,1487,148,167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FF36FC21E0F2" box="[818,951,175,195]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FF36FC21E0F2" bold="true" box="[818,951,175,195]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the distribution of papillae (3:1:3 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFAD0FF36FAE2E0F3" bold="true" box="[1378,1396,176,195]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
6:0: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFA11FF36FA59E0F3" box="[1443,1487,176,195]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FF4DFC26E0EE" box="[818,944,203,222]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FF4DFC26E0EE" bold="true" box="[818,944,203,222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and also by females with a discreet lateral line in the new species (wide lateral alae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFBF3FF61FB57E0CA" box="[1089,1217,231,250]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFBF3FF61FB57E0CA" bold="true" box="[1089,1217,231,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Additionally, the new species is larger than 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC68FE85FBCEE126" box="[986,1112,259,278]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC68FE85FBCEE126" bold="true" box="[986,1112,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(males: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFB14FE85FA83E127" box="[1190,1301,259,279]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5.7 mm</quantity>
and females: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFA27FE85FCC0E103" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFCE8FE99FCFAE102" bold="true" box="[858,876,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
males: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFC02FE99FBA1E103" box="[944,1079,287,307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.62" metricValueMin="2.78" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.62" valueMin="2.78">2.78–3.62 mm</quantity>
and females: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFB06FE99FADCE103" box="[1204,1354,287,307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.092" metricValueMax="1.621" metricValueMin="0.563" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="10.92" valueMax="16.21" valueMin="5.63">5.63–16.21 mm</quantity>
, respectively). In both species, the vulva is located in the pre-equatorial region of the body. Still, they differ in the distance of the vulva from the anterior region (
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFCCBFEF5FC7AE1B6" box="[889,1004,371,390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="7.3" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="6.4">6.4–8.2 mm</quantity>
, corresponding 34–35% of the total body in the new species 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFCCDFE09FC07E192" bold="true" box="[895,913,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
2.01–5.33, corresponding 25–32% of the whole body in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FE2DFC27E18D" box="[818,945,426,446]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudacutus">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FE2DFC27E18D" bold="true" box="[818,945,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. caudacutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFC75FE2DFBD5E18D" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[967,1091,426,446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas, 1958</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFCE3FE41FA84E2C1" blockId="3.[818,1488,148,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
The new species resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFBE9FE40FB39E1E9" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1115,1199,454,473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFBE9FE40FB39E1E9" bold="true" box="[1115,1199,454,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the Gubernaculum, but they can be easily distinguished by a discrete lateral line in females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC2CFE78FB8BE221" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[926,1053,510,529]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC2CFE78FB8BE221" bold="true" box="[926,1053,510,529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFB94FE79FBC8E222" box="[1062,1118,511,530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFB77FE78FA8CE221" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1221,1306,510,529]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFB77FE78FA8CE221" bold="true" box="[1221,1306,510,529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral alae is present in both sexes, and they differ by the number and distribution of caudal papillae pairs (7 + 1/3:1: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFBD3FDB0FB11E279" box="[1121,1159,566,585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the new species 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFA94FDB0FAAEE279" bold="true" box="[1318,1336,566,585]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
13 + 1/6:0: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFA1BFDB0FA59E279" box="[1449,1487,566,585]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FDD4FC15E255" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[818,899,594,613]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FDD4FC15E255" bold="true" box="[818,899,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The position of the vulva differs in both species (
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFAEAFDD4FA5AE255" box="[1368,1484,594,613]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="7.3" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="6.4">6.4–8.2 mm</quantity>
, corresponding 34–35% of the total body in the new species 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFA0FFDE8FA59E2B1" bold="true" box="[1469,1487,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFC80FD0CFC5EE2AD" box="[818,968,650,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.795" metricValueMax="14.07" metricValueMin="3.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="8.795" valueMax="14.07" valueMin="3.52">3.52–14.07 mm</quantity>
, corresponding 43–51% of the whole body in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFAC2FD0CFA57E2AC" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1392,1473,649,669]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFAC2FD0CFA57E2AC" bold="true" box="[1392,1473,649,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as well as the position of the nerve ring in males and females (males: 166–284 and females: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFBB8FD47FBE3E2E4" box="[1034,1141,705,725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8138" metricValueMax="10.6172" metricValueMin="7.0104" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="347.0" valueMax="418.0" valueMin="276.0">276–418 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFBCFFD47FB49E2E4" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[1149,1247,705,724]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFBCFFD47FB49E2E4" bold="true" box="[1149,1247,705,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFB54FD44FA8CE2E5" box="[1254,1306,706,725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFA93FD44FAA5E2E5" bold="true" box="[1313,1331,706,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">vs</emphasis>
males: 270–460 and females: 
<quantity id="4CD1EFF41F68DB7EFC1DFD58FB8FE2C0" box="[943,1049,733,753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2827" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.7874" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="505.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="310.0">310–700 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFB92FD5BFBE5E2C0" baseAuthorityName="Travassos" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1056,1139,733,752]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFB92FD5BFBE5E2C0" bold="true" box="[1056,1139,733,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFB3BFD5BFA92E2C0" author="Freitas, J. F. T." box="[1161,1284,733,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="489 - 515" refId="ref5373" refString="Freitas, J. F. T., 1958. Estudos sˆobre &quot; Oxyascarididae &quot; (Travassos, 1920) (Nematoda, Subuluroidea). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 56, 489 - 515." type="journal article" year="1958">Freitas, 1958</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9642111F68DB7EFCE3FD7FFAF8E3DC" blockId="3.[818,1488,148,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFCE3FD7FFC6FE33C" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[849,1017,761,780]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFCE3FD7FFC6FE33C" bold="true" box="[849,1017,761,780]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Oxyascaris longum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFB4EFD7FFA06E33C" bold="true" box="[1276,1424,761,780]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFB4EFD7FFA1DE33C" authorityName="Alcantara and Silva" authorityYear="2021" box="[1276,1419,761,780]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cosmocercidae" genus="Aplectana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">Aplectana longa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and in a recent study conducted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFBF1FC93FB6BE318" author="Santos, A. N. &amp; Borges, E. S. &amp; Wilkens, Y. &amp; Santos, J. N. &amp; Costa-Campos, C. E. &amp; Melo, F. T. V." box="[1091,1277,789,809]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" refId="ref5620" refString="Santos, A. N., Borges, E. S., Wilkens, Y., Santos, J. N., Costa-Campos, C. E., Melo, F. T. V., 2023. A New Species of Aplectana Railliet &amp; Henry, 1916 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) Parasite of the Boana boans (Anura: Hylidae) (Linnaeus, 1758) from Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Vet Parasitol 32 (4), e 014023. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 29612023074." type="journal volume" year="2023">Santos et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
(in press), the species was reallocated into the genus 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFBEDFCB7FB51E374" bold="true" box="[1119,1223,817,836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFBEDFCB7FB55E374" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[1119,1219,817,836]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Oxyascaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Therefore, the new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC19FCCBFB9FE350" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[939,1033,845,864]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC19FCCBFB9FE350" bold="true" box="[939,1033,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. longum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a gubernaculum (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FCEFFC00E34C" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[818,918,873,892]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FCEFFC00E34C" bold="true" box="[818,918,873,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. longum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the presence of discrete lateral alae (lateral line) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFC80FC03FC26E3A7" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[818,944,900,920]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFC80FC03FC26E3A7" bold="true" box="[818,944,900,920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFC0AFC03FC78E3A8" box="[952,1006,901,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFBD2FC03FB29E3A7" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1120,1215,900,920]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFBD2FC03FB29E3A7" bold="true" box="[1120,1215,900,920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. longum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the pattern of caudal papillae, which in the new species is 3:1:3 + 1, whereas, in 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFAE9FC27FA2AE383" bold="true" box="[1371,1468,928,948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFAE9FC27FA2EE383" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1371,1464,928,948]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">O. longum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it is 9:0:6 + 1. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFB97FC3BFB08E3FF" authorityName="Santos &amp; Willkens &amp; Silva &amp; Melo &amp; Fernandes" authorityYear="2023" box="[1061,1182,956,976]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFB97FC3BFB08E3FF" bold="true" box="[1061,1182,956,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">O. annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E23781F68DB7EFB10FC3BFB42E3E0" box="[1186,1236,957,976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a pre-equatorial vulva; in 
<emphasis id="B95D9E031F68DB7EFCF9FC5FFC3AE3DB" bold="true" box="[843,940,984,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C2939921F68DB7EFCF9FC5FFC3EE3DB" baseAuthorityName="Alcantara and Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[843,936,984,1004]" class="Chromadorea" family="Kathlaniidae" genus="Oxyascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longum">O. longum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the vulva is equatorial (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB83FE01F68DB7EFB27FC5FFAF7E3DC" author="Alcantara, E. P. &amp; Ferreira-Silva, C. &amp; Forti, L. R. &amp; Morais, D. H. &amp; Silva, R. J." box="[1173,1377,985,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" pagination="426 - 434" refId="ref4876" refString="Alcantara, E. P., Ferreira-Silva, C., Forti, L. R., Morais, D. H., Silva, R. J., 2021. A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the marsupial frog Gastrotheca microdiscos (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4908 (3), 426 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4908.3.7." type="journal article" year="2021">Alcantara et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>