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<mods:title id="0D692D94F080D75EAF9B8926CBFFC148">Note on the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11D4A28ED3C75EFB74A8DFAC8269C0B6">Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A1A4CD768400997E9E2F9C1DE9DA3712">Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CE31E17F330988EDA211B3FC9F310E6">Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany &amp; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202646912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Xylariaceae">
<subSubSection id="107401A6B3B0DC1268278762F21C274D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="654DAAC53481AA7653BEE176AA342BD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="1B564E9C94700F29E0AD6D4FC36AB328" ID-CoL="466CS" LSID="C3A1BE94-0A03-5B33-9EBD-A0708C4B08A4" authority="(Sowerby) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517 (1821)." authorityName="S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Nemania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nemania diffusa" order="Xylariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="diffusa">Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) S.F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517 (1821).</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="EDEE5C58345E187569B0E22F4205C735" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<figureCitation id="CCDB03692D83F884751C6DCE4E941947" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Nemania diffusa (GUM 1626) A stromatal habit B close-up view of stromatal surface C, D close-up view of stroma surface showing ostioles E mature ascus in water F, G mature asci in Melzer's reagent showing the amyloid (bluing) ascal apical apparatus H ascospore showing straight germ slit. Scale bars: 3 mm (B); 1.5 mm (C); 0.8 mm (D); 20 µm (E-G); 10 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753837" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1C747CD5AC547C987D6312CFFA544D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="teleomorph">
<paragraph id="1912541C0285DEC4C3E581A020C67024" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Teleomorph.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F8FCB5BE425D9863303EDF9739049E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Stromata superficial, effused-pulvinate, discoid, up to 2 cm long
<normalizedToken id="6D5D98D62671512A0D1C8D92062F7C9E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-1.5 cm wide, sessile, attachment to substrate with narrow connective; surface dark brown to blackish-brown, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds, carbonaceous immediately beneath surface; tissue between and beneath perithecia black to dark brown. Perithecia obovoid to cylindrical, 0.5-0.8 mm high
<normalizedToken id="55859F90C6486B2D4B914835425B08EE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 mm wide. Ostioles papillate to coarsely papillate. Asci cylindrical, with amyloid, urn-shaped apical apparatus, 2-3
<normalizedToken id="F8EBC18705B833A56CE91F8583D27D22" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
high
<normalizedToken id="635AB913CD5922180649BDED9B262AF4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2
<normalizedToken id="EBF9CD9C833EDE11F57317D2D920A711" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, stipe up to 100
<normalizedToken id="07587B00A70302762D5019207A8B7EAE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, spore-bearing part 70-80
<normalizedToken id="B3F775FD624A69533C87CCE77B3DB85B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-10
<normalizedToken id="0C226F512B9B5FB79D9898C5940BC4A8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Ascospores smooth, unicellular, brown to dark brown, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 9.5-13(-14)
<normalizedToken id="3B66C95A9EFCDD308751DC334071C364" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-6.5
<normalizedToken id="F0EA4E721C98DEF943A981DEAA150A92" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, with straight germ slit spore-length on flattened side; perispore indehiscent in 10% KOH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37058BADE0F36151A8E6261E75FDFCD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="specimen examined">
<paragraph id="2DD64C4C921E86304E28C27D6477B6A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F8EE1661A3ADCDD3C88C5CD7E236C40" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Iran, Guilan Province, Rezvanshahr County,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="C785C8ADCDCB853EAA8673615C8A346F" degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="40.038334">40°02'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 7 m elev., on fallen branch of
<taxonomicName id="8075B72D2C48DBAFADCE95778D04DD17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus castaneifolia" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="65BA68178DC60183ED51A42563383D3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Quercus castaneifolia</emphasis>
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, 6 October 2016, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1626), ITS and LSU sequences GenBank OP352258 and OP352270, respectively.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F28E6F1B72B3A174A37C05E96E23CBF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
<paragraph id="7681444AA14F81E0AD0A1B69EE301B45" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B8F413567521AE4BB414277F996C68C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="57D5FAE3EA7A97C59E7031C16F8C7C19" authorityName="S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Nemania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nemania diffusa" order="Xylariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="F3D5A2E16727EABE834D4087D7E6A858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Nemania diffusa</emphasis>
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, originally described from England (
<bibRefCitation id="493E3E544002A5CB9FCB10CF1C16B4A6" author="Sowerby, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycosphere: Journal of Fungal Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B38" refString="Sowerby, J, 1803. Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms, vol. 3. R. Wilks, London." title="Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms, vol. 3. R. Wilks, London." year="1803">Sowerby 1803</bibRefCitation>
), is a widespread and fairly common species in Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="4FCB2A2D18243A180AF10357B7058C63" DOI="https://doi.org/10.25664/art-0226" author="Fournier, J" journalOrPublisher="Org: Revue Internationale pour la Taxinomie des Ascomycota" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B9" refString="Fournier, J, Lechat, C, Courtecuisse, R, 2018. The genera Kretzschmariella and Nemania (Xylariaceae) in Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies). Ascomycete. Org : Revue Internationale pour la Taxinomie des Ascomycota 10: 1 - 47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25664/art-0226" title="The genera Kretzschmariella and Nemania (Xylariaceae) in Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies). Ascomycete." url="https://doi.org/10.25664/art-0226" volume="10" year="2018">Fournier et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). It has also been reported from North and South America (
<bibRefCitation id="B4DBC2AC2ABD4487A3A74E580129E6FC" author="Petrini, LE" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="401 - 436" refId="B27" refString="Petrini, LE, Rogers, JD, 1986. A summary of the Hypoxylon serpens complex. Mycotaxon 26: 401 - 436" title="A summary of the Hypoxylon serpens complex." volume="26" year="1986">Petrini and Rogers 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Papua-New Guinea (Van der Gucht 1995) and Taiwan (Ju and Rogers 1999), but it has yet to be proven whether all these morphologically identified accessions are conspecific with the European ones. The Iranian specimen is in accordance with previous descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="FBE9878ABF2E7593014C07A85A94C3F1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0075" author="Ju, YM" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="75 - 120" refId="B20" refString="Ju, YM, Rogers, JD, 2002. The genus Nemania (Xylariaceae). Nova Hedwigia 74 (1-2): 75 - 120, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0075" title="The genus Nemania (Xylariaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2002/0074-0075" volume="74" year="2002">Ju and Rogers (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. It can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="10BC3A3038368EBC044121AFF5C081D1" lsidName="N. albocincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="albocincta">
<emphasis id="118853A0216E6C1E859CA95B797A3DDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. albocincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger ascospores [9.5-13.5
<normalizedToken id="6B73D855934C52F10A3CD7A74175AC6C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(4.5-)5-6 vs. 8-10
<normalizedToken id="66E6C33B1A0492D7FB004FF39C6351EC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5
<normalizedToken id="8683F98DA0234C8D1D00A565EC1B1FCC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
], which are also more equilateral.
<taxonomicName id="E633797E16F1BF6055F0FE219E6DD38E" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Nemania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nemania obscura" order="Xylariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="516C0B0DC21271F2428AC8FC0771A4CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Nemania obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from it in stromatal features and smaller, strongly inequilateral ascospores (8.2-9.4
<normalizedToken id="52385F4A0A7AD82E34143831FE2383FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-5.3
<normalizedToken id="80B7668C877F6956D7F06292443CB9E2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) with subacute ends. Despite several attempts, we could not achieve a living culture. Therefore, to confirm our morphological species identification, we extracted DNA from stromata and performed PCR (ITS/LSU) and sequencing according to
<bibRefCitation id="A3C67DCF5241708C0C8CCFFF847C1B63" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/9" author="Pourmoghaddam, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycosphere: Journal of Fungal Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1197 - 1208" refId="B29" refString="Pourmoghaddam, MJ, Khodaparast, SA, Krisai-Greilhuber, I, Voglmayr, H, Stadler, M, 2018. Two new species and one new record of Kretzschmaria (Ascomycota, Xylariales) from Iran. Mycosphere : Journal of Fungal Biology 9 (6): 1197 - 1208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/9" title="Two new species and one new record of Kretzschmaria (Ascomycota, Xylariales) from Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/9/6/9" volume="9" year="2018">Pourmoghaddam et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. The ITS sequence of the Iranian collection (OP352258) is completely identical to numerous sequences of European accessions of
<taxonomicName id="8ADD6A5AADA50813966684FFC38F9AE4" lsidName="N. diffusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="A71F53E42B88CCC7EAA27C633A0DE7C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. diffusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some of which are morphologically well-documented to represent the species (e.g. MW489542 from Switzerland;
<bibRefCitation id="8901F74FD85B037867DBC38531D1E161" author="Senn-Irlet, B" journalOrPublisher="Cryptogamica Helvetica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 431" refId="B35" refString="Senn-Irlet, B, Blaser, S, Dougoud, R, Stoeckli, E, Gross, A, Muerner, R, 2021. Ascomyceten der Schweiz - seltene und wenig dokumentierte Arten. Cryptogamica Helvetica 23: 1 - 431" title="Ascomyceten der Schweiz - seltene und wenig dokumentierte Arten." volume="23" year="2021">Senn-Irlet et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
), confirming the species identification. However, as
<emphasis id="A262719F3F683AF4B030AD2AFFB8F854" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">RPB2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="4464BBFBBE1FE4C04A49FB8A4E4E2561" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">TUB2</emphasis>
could not be obtained, the Iranian accession of
<taxonomicName id="D01311A95032B17176C8B7F78DF3BEFE" lsidName="N. diffusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="1680D78209C78A2670B6A6854237D7C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">N. diffusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not added to the phylogenetic multi-locus analyses.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DC7427C0A0769CD93A0A9E8A298F4A9E" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753837" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="8B844A26FDEF31FEF97B5C020214E67E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="24FE811BC9ED2F6EB65A86E4CDE82562" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ED1DD1C8CA35C22F56A3675C799766FA" authorityName="S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Nemania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nemania diffusa" order="Xylariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="diffusa">
<emphasis id="46D49B2A0467E16D1086F767D405982B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Nemania diffusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GUM 1626)
<emphasis id="BA6D794C20E9844C877255858D30F5F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
stromatal habit
<emphasis id="8791A7B2F7F28FF7FF0F35CBC80560A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
close-up view of stromatal surface
<emphasis id="2B0CC515856EAC88C50E283A142FE315" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C, D</emphasis>
close-up view of stroma surface showing ostioles
<emphasis id="7EA8BD4ECBBDC8C2973A86D0510C2CE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
mature ascus in water
<emphasis id="9CBABB8CE25B37A4572A56A3DBBF8009" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F, G</emphasis>
mature asci in
<normalizedToken id="1346A0C5C2BB3CED7618F02AD0FE8C04" originalValue="Melzers">Melzer's</normalizedToken>
reagent showing the amyloid (bluing) ascal apical apparatus
<emphasis id="CFC5BCE9770AF74C5009BD9412691C7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">H</emphasis>
ascospore showing straight germ slit. Scale bars: 3 mm (
<emphasis id="4571F44CDC24702BCB6D2FEC7081598C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
); 1.5 mm (
<emphasis id="8A05EE6366527B40E2EF10EAB02634A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
); 0.8 mm (
<emphasis id="8CD29EF42915E253ABA91F823D6D858B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken id="BB5D329AE4B7E12FCF6DDA45900C59D3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="D126C2C9D6DF3951AFCE2ECC122738BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E-G</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="1D8E2A80F9D3F9EE1174E93F41E4B0C6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="7AD04BF4A6C1E45729EF57E9C1A1E7E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>