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<document id="2548FB36E1A6E5F0D0E8DA545FEE441C" ID-CLB-Dataset="24883" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4697.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542832" ID-ZooBank="AF79BEA3-3CC8-49CA-9707-A8D5B4DAACD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573811550811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brook, Fred J. &amp; Ablett, Jonathan D." docDate="2019" docId="437587C2FF98655DFF02E8BED0361214" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4697.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4697 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Helix guttula Pfeiffer 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="BF4CFFBAFFC46501FF95E85FD42A1466" masterDocTitle="Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1698766724431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="8951FB180578FDC41C6CAC197D987643" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="ED78DC1ED1F75362CAAF50A19293D652">Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F3378FD78833DB927A7592C1CE5A5701" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3697F20F63E3F2AF309AA1770FA605A">Brook, Fred J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B1DD29E1F4803E6C1A267F34C8074D81" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="633DF8F742CFBDD0A964B37575F6FE94">Ablett, Jonathan D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9AB9CA7458A7B04B584E7367D0B6EBC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D0175714A367D62491D5E2BA8E25D063">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F7B42573463EA2C38F76064339E6D967">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2DB08010DD4F9684B908B560EB1947C2">2019-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FD3BEBFFE0A4CEC1D557531B47F54669">4697</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8676E8BAD40F0D3761F9648BA89D05C9">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A6A33A2B6B1119D638AF9A40DEFE202D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8A85B5D3819A8CA721D30B3704AB2527" type="CLB-Dataset">24883</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="42490A1E59FAD7043344982C094EBF48" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4697.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5D271800A4090388EAC5AD402CFBE8F0" type="GBIF-Dataset">2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8C5968D7845297AA69F5A791A25B4FC1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="437587C2FF98655DFF02E8BED0361214" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160406488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:437587C2FF98655DFF02E8BED0361214" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/437587C2FF98655DFF02E8BED0361214" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF98655DFF02E8BED50C1579" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF02E8BED5CE149D" blockId="92.[151,484,225,287]" box="[151,484,225,252]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="902B81B8FF98655DFF02E8BED5CE149D" bold="true" box="[151,484,225,252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFF02E8BED5CE149D" authority="Pfeiffer, 1853" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,484,225,252]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02E8BED5CE149D" bold="true" box="[151,484,225,252]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02E8BED51D149A" bold="true" box="[151,311,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 1853
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF02E95AD50C1579" blockId="92.[151,484,225,287]" box="[151,294,261,287]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pl. 11, fig. C</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF98655DFF02E916D6911504" box="[151,699,329,354]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF02E916D6911504" blockId="92.[151,699,329,354]" box="[151,699,329,354]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pfeiffer, 1853. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, 10: 53.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF98655DFF02E9CFD7A91639" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF02E9CFD17015CC" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" box="[151,1370,399,427]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02E9CFD56D15CC" bold="true" box="[151,327,399,426]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7BB43C89FF98655DFEDBE9CFD17C15CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451575301" box="[334,1366,400,427]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCode="NHMUK 20160063" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFEDBE9CFD59F15CC" box="[334,437,400,426]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(2),
<specimenCode id="9B7A9EAFFF98655DFE7FE9CED6E115CC" box="[490,715,400,427]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">NHMUK 20160063</specimenCode>
(dry shell material); ex Museum Cuming (Acc. no. 1829)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52E9EBD6C115A8" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" box="[199,747,435,463]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52E9EBD54015A8" bold="true" box="[199,362,435,462]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Label details:</emphasis>
‘
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFEE0E9EBD5DD15A8" authority="Pfr." authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[373,503,436,462]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">guttula Pfr.</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFE68E9EAD6BC15A8" box="[509,662,436,463]" name="New Zealand" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, M.C.’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52E987D0B81594" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" box="[199,1170,471,499]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<materialsCitation id="7BB43C89FF98655DFF52E987D0A41594" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2451575382" box="[199,1166,471,499]" country="Vanuatu" location="Incorrectly" municipality="Nova Seelandia'" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52E987D5431594" bold="true" box="[199,361,471,498]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFF52E987D5281594" box="[199,258,472,498]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFEE5E986D5FA1595" box="[368,464,473,499]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="CE03600FFF98655DFE4FE987D67F1594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:437587C2FF98655DFF02E8BED0361214:CE03600FFF98655DFE4FE987D67F1594" box="[474,597,472,498]" country="Vanuatu" municipality="Nova Seelandia'" name="Incorrectly" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Incorrectly</location>
stated as ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="2B07ACAEFF98655DFD52E987D7A91594" box="[711,899,472,498]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Nova Seelandia’</collectingMunicipality>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFC38E987D0A41594" author="Pfeiffer, L." box="[941,1166,471,498]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="51 - 58" refId="ref101485" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1853 c) Diagnosen neuer Heliceen. Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 10, 51 - 58." type="journal article" year="1853">Pfeiffer (1853c: 53)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52E9A4D7A91639" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52E9A4D6A51670" bold="true" box="[199,655,507,534]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Previous illustrations of type material:</emphasis>
A shell illustrated by Reeve (1853 [in
<date id="BF621014FF98655DFBACE9A4D0941670" box="[1081,1214,507,534]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
]: pl. 158, fig. 1040), and reproduced by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFEFBEA7ED5D4165C" author="Tryon, G. W." box="[366,510,544,571]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref107546" refString="Tryon, G. W. (1886) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the speciesn Series 2. Pulmonata. Vol. 2. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 265 pp." type="book" year="1886">Tryon (1886</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 62, fig. 38), may be from the type series, but does not appear to be conspecific with either of the two
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFE1AEA1AD5DB1639" box="[399,497,581,607]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in the
<collectionCode id="ADCDAE11FF98655DFDABEA1AD6821639" box="[574,680,581,607]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
collection (below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF98655DFF52EA37D0971228" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52EA37D5A7124D" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52EA37D51716E4" bold="true" box="[199,317,616,642]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Remarks:</emphasis>
The material in the Cuming collection was mis-localised, and there have been no valid records of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFF2CEAD3D57A16C0" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[185,336,652,678]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF2CEAD3D57A16C0" box="[185,336,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFE09EAD2D61C16C0" box="[412,566,652,679]" name="New Zealand" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFDECEAD3D76816C0" author="Suter, H." box="[633,834,652,678]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="281 - 283" refId="ref105692" refString="Suter, H. (1892 c) List of land and fresh-water Mollusca doubtful for New Zealand or not inhabiting it. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 281 - 283." type="journal article" year="1892">Suter 1892c: 281</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFCC4EAD3D7F216C1" author="Suter, H." box="[849,984,652,679]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">1913b: 684</bibRefCitation>
). Recorded from the
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFB41EAD2D15216C0" box="[1236,1400,652,679]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
(=
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFF02EAEED4DF16AD" box="[151,245,689,715]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFEBEEAEFD5D716AD" author="Sykes, E. R." box="[299,509,688,715]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="196 - 200" refId="ref107310" refString="Sykes, E. R. (1902) On a collection of non-marine shells, formed by Mr. J. J. Walker, in the New Hebrides. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 5, 196 - 200." type="journal article" year="1902">Sykes (1902: 196)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFDACEAEFD72F16AC" author="Solem, A." box="[569,773,687,714]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem (1959: 98)</bibRefCitation>
. There has been confusion over the identity of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFABCEAEFD4E91688" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFABCEAEFD4E91688" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pfeiffer’s original description was published in
<date id="BF621014FF98655DFD73EA8BD75B1688" box="[742,881,723,750]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1853-03">March 1853</date>
, according to a footnote on p. 64 of volume 10 of
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02EAA7D5C51774" box="[151,495,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie</emphasis>
. A description and illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFCFEEAA7D7D51774" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[875,1023,760,786]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFCFEEAA7D7D51774" box="[875,1023,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Reeve (1853 [in
<date id="BF621014FF98655DFB7DEAA8D1441774" box="[1256,1390,759,786]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1851" valueMax="1854">1851–1854</date>
]: pl. 158, fig. 1040), published in
<date id="BF621014FF98655DFE74EB42D67D1750" box="[481,599,795,823]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1853-05">May 1853</date>
, depicts a relatively high-spired shell that matches neither of the
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFAAFEB42D1B61751" box="[1338,1436,797,823]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in NHMUK 20160063, and was evidently based on a different species. Despite this discrepancy,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFB60EB1FD4971718" author="Pfeiffer, L." pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref102082" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1859) Monographia Heliceorum Viventium. Vol. 4. Brockhaus, Lipsiae, 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer (1859: 15)</bibRefCitation>
listed Reeve’s (1853) figure in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFD4DEB3AD7601718" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[728,842,868,894]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFD4DEB3AD7601718" box="[728,842,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">H. guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFCCCEB3BD00D1719" author="Sykes, E. R." box="[857,1063,868,895]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="196 - 200" refId="ref107310" refString="Sykes, E. R. (1902) On a collection of non-marine shells, formed by Mr. J. J. Walker, in the New Hebrides. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 5, 196 - 200." type="journal article" year="1902">Sykes (1902: 196)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFBE6EB3BD56617C4" authority="Thomson, 1885" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Marginellidae" genus="Hyalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="layardi" subGenus="Conulus">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFBE6EB3BD0E71718" box="[1139,1229,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hyalina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFB4BEB3BD1111718" box="[1246,1339,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Conulus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFAD9EB3BD1B61718" box="[1356,1436,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">layardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFF02EBD7D56617C4" author="Thomson, J. H." box="[151,332,903,930]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref107355" refString="Thomson, J. H. (1885) On a new land-shell from the New Hebrides. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885, 26 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1885. tb 02884. x" type="journal article" year="1885">Thomson, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFE51EBD6D64D17C4" box="[452,615,904,931]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFDE2EBD8D6F117C4" box="[631,731,903,930]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
], as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFB97EBD7D0BC17C4" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[1026,1174,904,930]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFB97EBD7D0BC17C4" box="[1026,1174,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFB47EBD7D1B617C4" author="Ancey, C. M. F." box="[1234,1436,903,930]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="42 - 46" refId="ref87840" refString="Ancey, C. M. F. (1905) Remarks on some land and fresh-water shells from the New Hebrides, with description of new species. The Nautilus, 19, 42 - 46." type="journal article" year="1905">Ancey (1905: 42)</bibRefCitation>
thought that they were separate species.
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFDF4EBF3D70917A0" author="Baker, H. B." box="[609,803,939,966]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref88131" refString="Baker, H. B. (1938) Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-part 1. 1. Southern genera of Microcystinae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 158, 1 - 102, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1938">Baker (1938: 85)</bibRefCitation>
referred to specimen lot ANSP 63136, obtained from J. Ponsonby, in 1892, with the following note: “This is, ex typo,
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFCCFEB8ED005178C" authority="Pfr. The" authorityName="Pfr. The" box="[858,1071,976,1002]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFCCFEB8ED7E6178C" box="[858,972,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">H. guttula</emphasis>
Pfr. The
</taxonomicName>
original specimens are from the
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFF02EBAAD51D1068" box="[151,311,1012,1039]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFED1EBACD5821068" box="[324,424,1011,1038]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
], not from
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFD8AEBAAD69D1068" box="[543,695,1012,1039]" name="New Zealand" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, tho always quoted from the latter locality. My specimens are from
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFF02EC46D4F71055" box="[151,221,1049,1075]" name="Tonga" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Tonga</collectingCountry>
Is. &amp; apparently =
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFE2FEC46D6421055" authority="Mss" authorityName="Mss" box="[442,616,1049,1075]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFE2FEC46D6181054" box="[442,562,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">excrescens</emphasis>
Mss
</taxonomicName>
[i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFD3FEC46D0A71054" authority="(Mousson, 1870)" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1870" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[682,1165,1047,1074]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFD3FEC46D7951054" box="[682,959,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lamprocystis excrescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFC5AEC47D0A91054" author="Mousson, A." box="[975,1155,1047,1074]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="109 - 35" refId="ref99688" refString="Mousson, A. (1870) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Viti, d'apres les envois de M. le Dr Edouard Graeffe. Journal de Conchyliologie, 18 (1), 109 - 35." type="journal article" year="1870">Mousson, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. I don’t know the N. Z. shell.”
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFF7DEC63D5801030" author="Baker, H. B." box="[232,426,1083,1110]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref88131" refString="Baker, H. B. (1938) Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-part 1. 1. Southern genera of Microcystinae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 158, 1 - 102, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1938">Baker (1938: 85)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFDB9EC62D6B51030" box="[556,671,1084,1110]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFDB9EC62D6B51030" box="[556,671,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">H. guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not definitely recogniseable from Pfeiffer’s description, and that the shell illustrated by Reeve (1853) is not conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFCAEEC3ED07C101C" authority="(Mousson)" authorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[827,1110,1120,1146]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFCAEEC3ED7FB101C" box="[827,977,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L. excrescens</emphasis>
(Mousson)
</taxonomicName>
. He listed
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFB59EC3FD154101C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1885" box="[1228,1406,1120,1146]" class="Gastropoda" family="Marginellidae" genus="Hyalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="layardi">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFB59EC3FD154101C" box="[1228,1406,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hyalina layardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFE17ECDAD63210F8" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[386,536,1157,1182]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFE17ECDAD63210F8" box="[386,536,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L. excrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFDB2ECDBD6CE10F8" author="Solem, A." box="[551,740,1155,1182]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem (1959: 98</bibRefCitation>
, 99) considered
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFC0BECDBD01B10F8" box="[926,1073,1156,1182]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFC0BECDBD01B10F8" box="[926,1073,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a New Hebridean species, and listed
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFE9EECF7D59610A4" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1885" box="[267,444,1192,1218]" class="Gastropoda" family="Marginellidae" genus="Hyalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="layardi">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFE9EECF7D59610A4" box="[267,444,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hyalina layardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym. He accepted Reeve’s (1853) illustration as accurately representing
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFF02EC93D4CC1080" box="[151,230,1228,1254]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02EC93D4CC1080" box="[151,230,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the specimens that Solem listed and illustrated as belonging to this species all have a considerably less-elevated spire.
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFEE1ECAFD610116C" author="Solem, A." box="[372,570,1263,1290]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem (1959: 99)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFD2CECAFD766116C" box="[697,844,1264,1290]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFD2CECAFD766116C" box="[697,844,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFC77ECAED056116C" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[994,1148,1265,1290]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFC77ECAED056116C" box="[994,1148,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">N. excrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in “lacking basal teeth in young shells, in having a shorter columellar lamella, and in being much more trochoidal”. The two
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFB4EED4AD1171149" box="[1243,1341,1301,1327]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFAF5ED4BD4CC1134" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFAF5ED4BD4CC1134" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Helix guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in NHMUK 20160063 differ from one another in relative spire elevation but appear to be conspecific. The larger specimen is illustrated in pl. 11, fig. C. These specimens of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFCEBED02D7DA1110" box="[894,1008,1372,1398]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFCEBED02D7DA1110" box="[894,1008,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">H. guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
match
<typeStatus id="14678876FF98655DFBD6ED02D08F1111" box="[1091,1189,1373,1399]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFB5EED03D57011FC" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Marginellidae" genus="Hyalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="layardi" subGenus="Conulus">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFB5EED03D10F1110" box="[1227,1317,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hyalina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFAA3ED03D1B91110" box="[1334,1427,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Conulus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF02EDDFD4CD11FC" box="[151,231,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">layardi</emphasis>
Thomson
</taxonomicName>
in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, and the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, which were listed and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFD3AEDFBD74411D8" author="Solem, A." box="[687,878,1443,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem (1959: 98</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 34, figs. 11, 12) [i.e., FMNH 43041, UMMZ 147868—as ‘paratypes’].
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFE29ED96D6FB1184" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[444,721,1481,1506]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFE29ED96D6FB1184" box="[444,721,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lamprocystis excrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFC9CED96D0CE1184" authority="(Mousson) sensu Baker (1938)" authorityName="sensu Baker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[777,1252,1480,1506]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="ensifera">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFC9CED96D7AB1184" box="[777,897,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">L. ensifera</emphasis>
(Mousson)
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFB9FED96D0621184" box="[1034,1096,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFBDAED97D0CE1184" author="Baker, H. B." box="[1103,1252,1480,1506]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref88131" refString="Baker, H. B. (1938) Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-part 1. 1. Southern genera of Microcystinae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 158, 1 - 102, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1938">Baker (1938)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFAFAED96D4E91260" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFAFAED96D4E91260" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a longer, tongue-like, columellar lamella, and juvenile shells have basal and palatal lamellae, which are lacking in
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFEA2EE4FD5AC124C" box="[311,390,1552,1578]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFEA2EE4FD5AC124C" box="[311,390,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">guttula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52EE6CD0971228" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" box="[199,1213,1587,1615]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52EE6CD59C1228" bold="true" box="[199,438,1587,1614]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Current Taxonomy:</emphasis>
Listed as
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF98655DFDBDEE6AD7ED1228" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1853)" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[552,967,1587,1614]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Chromatiaceae" genus="Lamprocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromatiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="guttula">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFDBDEE6AD73E1228" box="[552,788,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lamprocystis guttula</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFC67EE6BD0931228" author="Solem, A." box="[1010,1209,1587,1614]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem (1959: 98)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF98655DFF52EE08D0361214" box="[199,1052,1623,1651]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF98655DFF52EE08D0361214" blockId="92.[151,1437,399,1651]" box="[199,1052,1623,1651]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF98655DFF52EE08D5491214" bold="true" box="[199,355,1623,1650]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFEFFEE06D5EC1215" box="[362,454,1625,1651]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF98655DFE46EE06D6501214" box="[467,634,1623,1651]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFD1AEE07D7641214" author="Sykes, E. R." box="[655,846,1624,1650]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="196 - 200" refId="ref107310" refString="Sykes, E. R. (1902) On a collection of non-marine shells, formed by Mr. J. J. Walker, in the New Hebrides. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 5, 196 - 200." type="journal article" year="1902">Sykes 1902: 196</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF98655DFCCFEE07D0251214" author="Solem, A." box="[858,1039,1623,1650]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 359" refId="ref104706" refString="Solem, A. (1959) Systematics and zoogeography of the land and fresh-water Mollusca of the New Hebrides. Fieldiana: Zoology 43, 1 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2888" type="journal article" year="1959">Solem 1959: 98</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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