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<document id="DFC516125C418815D5D1DD843AA173C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="8580" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4468235" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e64464b-7cc6-44c5-9c1e-073ac4bd2623" ID-ISSN="ISSN 0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4468235" ID-ZooBank="0C538D2D-9EC9-4F08-BCF3-59296858F53FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611664106821" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L." docDate="2014" docId="4309464B7117FF85FE6BFF0D2E1AADD1" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.54.1.65-98.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 54 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Oiovelia Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="BF303E337111FF82FFEAFFD62D1EA822" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1698925506069" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5A2898EB3F1BB86BF39D520DFAD0EA47">Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66B4ECD3A68C85CE8AAEC91E2DA3CA32">Rodrigues, Higor D. D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA9099BCDF01A315F7EC17A77288C3D9">1,2) &amp;) &amp;) Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69011 - 970, Manaus, AM, Brazil; e-mails: higorddr @ gmail. com; ruth @ inpa. gov. br &amp; 1,2) &amp;) Current address, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 04263 - 000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D441E4C2593094CDE07082D4F9355311">Melo, Alan Lane De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FD38772B7572B127C4152F4A8458757B">) &amp;) Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30123 - 970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; e-mail: aldemelo @ icb. ufmg. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70F806342BDC9970288289D97286C3BD">Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0964B32EA17821368012DB634AD8A443">1,2) &amp;) &amp;) Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69011 - 970, Manaus, AM, Brazil; e-mails: higorddr @ gmail. com; ruth @ inpa. gov. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="952137621C3D8F234BAF046FE1F53086">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3C2A2950D736474B4CEEFEE826E918BE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="60F87EEB151260A5A10ACE402485C1D7">suppl.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4309464B7117FF85FE6BFF0D2E1AADD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177139652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4468799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4309464B7117FF85FE6BFF0D2E1AADD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4309464B7117FF85FE6BFF0D2E1AADD1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67117FF84FE6BFF0D2E62A8D1" box="[385,892,219,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FE6BFF0D2E62A8D1" blockId="6.[385,892,219,243]" box="[385,892,219,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="905740317117FF84FE6BFF0D2E62A8D1" bold="true" box="[385,892,219,243]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7117FF84FE6BFF0D2E62A8D1" ID-CoL="67GF" authority="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[385,892,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FE6BFF0D2E62A8D1" bold="true" box="[385,892,219,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FE6BFF0D2CC3A8D1" bold="true" box="[385,477,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Oiovelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF318AAC7117FF84FE0EFF0A2E62A8D1" author="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J." box="[484,892,220,243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="47 - 54" refId="ref16617" refString="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54." type="journal article" year="1952">Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67117FF84FCFFFED72FDEA90D" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FCFFFED72FDEA90D" blockId="6.[151,1127,257,303]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7117FF84FC78FED72CF2A90D" ID-CoL="4922J" authority="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunucunumana">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FC78FED72979A936" box="[914,1127,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Oiovelia cunucunumana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF318AAC7117FF84FF5FFECA2CF2A90D" author="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J." box="[181,492,284,303]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="47 - 54" refId="ref16617" refString="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54." type="journal article" year="1952">Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
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<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67117FF84FF7DFED72E11A936" box="[151,783,257,276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FF7DFED72E11A936" blockId="6.[151,1127,257,303]" box="[151,783,257,276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<treatmentCitation id="4A01D14C7117FF84FF7DFED72F56A936" author="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J." box="[151,584,257,276]" page="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" year="1952">
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7117FF84FF7DFED72F56A936" ID-CoL="67GF" authority="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952: 51" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,584,257,276]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FF7DFED72DFFA936" box="[151,225,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Oiovelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF318AAC7117FF84FF03FED72F56A936" author="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J." box="[233,584,257,276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" pagination="47 - 54" refId="ref16617" refString="DRAKE C. J. &amp; MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54." type="journal article" year="1952">Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952: 51</bibRefCitation>
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(original description).
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<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67117FF84FF7DFE9E2F1FADDD" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FF7DFE9E2CCFAA5D" blockId="6.[151,1127,328,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FF7DFE9E2C5CA97D" bold="true" box="[151,322,328,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Redescription.</emphasis>
Polymorphism within the genus is common, with macropterous (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FBDCFE9E2DC3A95D" captionStart="Figs 26–28" captionStartId="13.[114,150,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[190,1015,220,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[189,1018,219,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 26–28.Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, dorsal view:26–27 – macropterous female; 28 – macropterous male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468246/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 26–28</figureCitation>
) and apterous (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FE6CFEBE2F1AA95D" box="[390,516,360,383]" captionStart="Figs 22–25" captionStartId="10.[151,187,1292,1311]" captionTargetBox="[165,1114,220,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[161,1117,219,1276]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 22–25. Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010.22–24 – dorsal view:22 – apterous male paratype (genital segments removed); 23 – apterous female; 24 – macropterous female; 25 – ventral view of macropterous female (arrow indicates the constriction of abdominal segments III–IV). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468243/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
) forms. General body color usually brownish (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FBE2FEBE2947A95D" box="[1032,1113,360,383]" captionStart="Figs 22–25" captionStartId="10.[151,187,1292,1311]" captionTargetBox="[165,1114,220,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[161,1117,219,1276]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 22–25. Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010.22–24 – dorsal view:22 – apterous male paratype (genital segments removed); 23 – apterous female; 24 – macropterous female; 25 – ventral view of macropterous female (arrow indicates the constriction of abdominal segments III–IV). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468243/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), varying from dark brown, almost black (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FDA6FE5E2FD4A9BD" box="[588,714,392,415]" captionStart="Figs 55–58" captionStartId="27.[112,149,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[134,1065,395,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-59@27.[133,1069,391,1487]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 55–58. Oiovelia viannai sp. nov. 55–57 – dorsal view: 55 – apterous male, holotype; 56 – apterous female, paratype; 57 – macropterous female, paratype. 58 – ventral view of macropterous female, paratype. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468262/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 55–58</figureCitation>
), to yellow (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FCA5FE5E2ED3A9BD" box="[847,973,392,415]" captionStart="Figs 32–34" captionStartId="17.[114,151,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[181,1020,453,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[181,1021,453,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 32–34. Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986. 32–33 – dorsal view: 32 – apterous male; 33 – apterous female; 34 – ventral view of apterous male (arrow indicates the dark area on sternites V–VI). Abdominal tergites as roman numerals, GS – genital segments. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 32–34</figureCitation>
), with whitish pruinose areas. Body length usually between 3.00 and
<quantity id="0C585AB87117FF84FD1CFE7E2E45A99D" box="[758,859,424,447]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.30 mm</quantity>
. Body without modified setae similar to minute dark spines. Head elongated and deflected in front of eyes (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FBDCFE1E2DC1A9DD" captionStart="Figs 78–80" captionStartId="31.[112,149,1195,1214]" captionTargetBox="[172,1020,219,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-160@31.[172,1020,217,1164]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 78–80. Lateral view of the macropterous female (legs removed). 78 – Oiovelia chenae sp. nov.; 79 – O. hamadae sp. nov.; 80 – O. pydanieli sp. nov. Abbreviations: Roman numerals – abdominal segments, Gon – gonocoxa, Pr – proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468268/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 78–80</figureCitation>
), with a pair of oblique punctations on posterior region, near inner margin of eyes (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FF75FDDE2C1DAA3D" box="[159,259,520,543]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
). Eyes globose, separated by a distance greater than eye width, located on posterior portion of the head, adjacent to anterior margin of pronotum. Ocular setae always present, with a pair on each eye. Rostrum reaching mesocoxa (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FCA0FD9E2E82AA7D" box="[842,924,584,607]" captionStart="Figs 22–25" captionStartId="10.[151,187,1292,1311]" captionTargetBox="[165,1114,220,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[161,1117,219,1276]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 22–25. Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010.22–24 – dorsal view:22 – apterous male paratype (genital segments removed); 23 – apterous female; 24 – macropterous female; 25 – ventral view of macropterous female (arrow indicates the constriction of abdominal segments III–IV). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468243/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), with segment III distinctly longer than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FF5FFD5E2F8FACFD" blockId="6.[151,1127,328,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
Pronotum in both apterous and macropterous forms long, covering meso- and metanotum, with lateral area of anterior lobe with long dark setae, and a row of rounded punctations adjacent to anterior margin; posterior lobe covered by same punctations, with posterior angle rounded (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FEEAFD3E2C5AAADD" box="[256,324,744,767]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); whitish pruinose areas usually present on anterior lobe and/or posterior lobe (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FF3EFCDE2C39AB3D" box="[212,295,776,799]" captionStart="Figs 29–31" captionStartId="15.[113,150,1348,1367]" captionTargetBox="[172,1028,220,1336]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[169,1034,217,1343]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 29–31. Oiovelia rivicola Spangler, 1986, dorsal view: 29–30 – macropterous male; 31 – macropterous female. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468248/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FED8FCDE2C4EAB3D" box="[306,336,776,799]" captionStart="Figs 52–54" captionStartId="25.[114,151,1293,1312]" captionTargetBox="[134,1070,220,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[128,1071,219,1263]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 52–54. Oiovelia pydanieli sp. nov. 52–53 – dorsal view: 52 – macropterous male holotype (arrow indicates the apical pruinose area); 53 – macropterous female. 54 – frontal view of macropterous female (arrows indicate the pruinose areas). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">54</figureCitation>
). Apterous form with humeral angles not elevated. The contrary occurs in the macropterous form, with humeral angles slightly elevated, and usually dark brown fore wings reaching genital segments; the two basal cells smaller than the two apical cells; when closed, forming a pair of basal maculae near humeral angles, varying from whitish (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FBF8FCBE2941AB5D" box="[1042,1119,872,895]" captionStart="Figs 26–28" captionStartId="13.[114,150,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[190,1015,220,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[189,1018,219,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 26–28.Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, dorsal view:26–27 – macropterous female; 28 – macropterous male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468246/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) to yellowish (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FEC7FC5E2C61ABBD" box="[301,383,904,927]" captionStart="Figs 26–28" captionStartId="13.[114,150,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[190,1015,220,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[189,1018,219,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 26–28.Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, dorsal view:26–27 – macropterous female; 28 – macropterous male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468246/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
); in addition to these maculae, rest of wing with whitish pruinosity, which can be uniform and covering almost entire wing (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD13FC7E2E50AB9D" box="[761,846,936,959]" captionStart="Figs 22–25" captionStartId="10.[151,187,1292,1311]" captionTargetBox="[165,1114,220,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[161,1117,219,1276]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 22–25. Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010.22–24 – dorsal view:22 – apterous male paratype (genital segments removed); 23 – apterous female; 24 – macropterous female; 25 – ventral view of macropterous female (arrow indicates the constriction of abdominal segments III–IV). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468243/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FCB0FC7E2E81AB9D" box="[858,927,936,959]" captionStart="Figs 26–28" captionStartId="13.[114,150,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[190,1015,220,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[189,1018,219,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 26–28.Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, dorsal view:26–27 – macropterous female; 28 – macropterous male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468246/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">26–27</figureCitation>
) or well delimited between cells (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FED1FC1E2CA7ABFD" box="[315,441,968,991]" captionStart="Figs 47–49" captionStartId="20.[151,188,1281,1300]" captionTargetBox="[230,1049,222,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-10@20.[227,1051,219,1264]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 47–49.Oiovelia chenae sp. nov., dorsal view: 47 – macropterous male holotype; 48 – macropterous male (from São Gabriel da Cachoeira); 49 – macropterous female (from São Gabriel da Cachoeira). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468256/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 47–49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FE2CFC1E2F13ABFD" box="[454,525,968,991]" captionStart="Figs 50–51" captionStartId="23.[114,151,921,940]" captionTargetBox="[151,1042,222,905]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[148,1046,219,906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 50–51. Oiovelia hamadae sp. nov., dorsal view: 50 – macropterous male holotype; 51 –macropterous female paratype. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468258/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">50–51</figureCitation>
). Propleura, mesopleura, and prosternum with rounded punctations. Intersegmental region between meso- and metasternum always with two pairs of small tubercles medially (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FE48FBDE2CFFAC3D" box="[418,481,1032,1055]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Legs without modifications or spines; tarsi three-segmented; tarsomeres I–II short, III longer and wider than previous; tarsomere II of mid leg usually at most 2× longer than I; tarsomere III expanded, with lateral margins divergent; pretarsus composed of a pair of symmetrical, falciform claws and a pair of setae-like aroliae (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FBF2FBBE2947AC5D" box="[1048,1113,1128,1151]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); these structures are inserted in a median cleft that divides tarsomere III into two lobes, where external one is twice the size of the internal one. Male presents a grasping comb on inner margin of protibia, absent in female (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FDC9FB1E2F9BACFD" box="[547,645,1224,1247]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7117FF84FF5FFB3E2F1FADDD" blockId="6.[151,1127,328,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
Abdomen in both sexes without modifications, usually with whitish pruinose areas laterally; posterior angle of last connexival segment not developed (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FCFFFADE2E8AAD3D" box="[789,916,1288,1311]" captionStart="Figs 78–80" captionStartId="31.[112,149,1195,1214]" captionTargetBox="[172,1020,219,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-160@31.[172,1020,217,1164]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 78–80. Lateral view of the macropterous female (legs removed). 78 – Oiovelia chenae sp. nov.; 79 – O. hamadae sp. nov.; 80 – O. pydanieli sp. nov. Abbreviations: Roman numerals – abdominal segments, Gon – gonocoxa, Pr – proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468268/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 78–80</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FC42FADE2EF7AD3D" box="[936,1001,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Males</emphasis>
: connexiva horizontal to slightly elevated; apterous form with six visible tergites (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FC62FAFE2EC7AD1D" box="[904,985,1320,1343]" captionStart="Figs 32–34" captionStartId="17.[114,151,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[181,1020,453,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[181,1021,453,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 32–34. Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986. 32–33 – dorsal view: 32 – apterous male; 33 – apterous female; 34 – ventral view of apterous male (arrow indicates the dark area on sternites V–VI). Abdominal tergites as roman numerals, GS – genital segments. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
); sternite VII without projections or lobes on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD47FA9E2FE3AD7D" box="[685,765,1352,1375]" captionStart="Figs 32–34" captionStartId="17.[114,151,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[181,1020,453,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[181,1021,453,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 32–34. Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986. 32–33 – dorsal view: 32 – apterous male; 33 – apterous female; 34 – ventral view of apterous male (arrow indicates the dark area on sternites V–VI). Abdominal tergites as roman numerals, GS – genital segments. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
); pygophore simple, with pilosity on posterior half; proctiger with an acute projection (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD36FABE2E30AD5D" box="[732,814,1384,1407]" captionStart="Figs 35–46" captionStartId="18.[151,188,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[172,1096,220,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-9@18.[168,1109,219,1440]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 35–46. Genital segments of male. 35, 38, 41, 44 – dorsal view of genital segment I; 36, 39, 42, 45 – lateral view of genital segment I; 37, 40, 43, 46 – lateral aspect of genital capsule. 35–37 – Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010; 38–40 – O. cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952; 41–43 – O. rivicola Spangler, 1986. 44–46 – O. spumicola Spangler, 1986." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468254/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
), spines (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FC7CFABE2EF8AD5D" box="[918,998,1384,1407]" captionStart="Figs 35–46" captionStartId="18.[151,188,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[172,1096,220,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-9@18.[168,1109,219,1440]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 35–46. Genital segments of male. 35, 38, 41, 44 – dorsal view of genital segment I; 36, 39, 42, 45 – lateral view of genital segment I; 37, 40, 43, 46 – lateral aspect of genital capsule. 35–37 – Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010; 38–40 – O. cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952; 41–43 – O. rivicola Spangler, 1986. 44–46 – O. spumicola Spangler, 1986." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468254/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) or without modifications (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FEDCFA5E2C9BADBD" box="[310,389,1416,1439]" captionStart="Figs 35–46" captionStartId="18.[151,188,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[172,1096,220,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-9@18.[168,1109,219,1440]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 35–46. Genital segments of male. 35, 38, 41, 44 – dorsal view of genital segment I; 36, 39, 42, 45 – lateral view of genital segment I; 37, 40, 43, 46 – lateral aspect of genital capsule. 35–37 – Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010; 38–40 – O. cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952; 41–43 – O. rivicola Spangler, 1986. 44–46 – O. spumicola Spangler, 1986." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468254/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); parameres symmetrical, elongated and slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FC35FA5E2942ADBD" box="[991,1116,1416,1439]" captionStart="Figs 71–77" captionStartId="30.[151,188,1002,1021]" captionTargetBox="[164,1114,221,979]" captionTargetId="figure-10@30.[162,1115,219,982]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figs 71–77. Lateral view of the left paramere. 71 – Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010; 72 – O. cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952; 73 – O. rivicola Spangler, 1986; 74 – O. chenae sp. nov.; 75 – O. hamadae sp. nov.; 76 – O. pydanieli sp. nov.; 77 – O. viannai sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468266/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 71–77</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7117FF84FF7DFA7E2DEFAD9D" box="[151,241,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Females</emphasis>
: connexiva elevated; apterous form with seven visible tergites, generally with part of the connexives reflected over abdomen (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD86FA1E2FDEADFD" box="[620,704,1480,1503]" captionStart="Figs 22–25" captionStartId="10.[151,187,1292,1311]" captionTargetBox="[165,1114,220,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[161,1117,219,1276]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 22–25. Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian &amp; Rúdio, 2010.22–24 – dorsal view:22 – apterous male paratype (genital segments removed); 23 – apterous female; 24 – macropterous female; 25 – ventral view of macropterous female (arrow indicates the constriction of abdominal segments III–IV). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468243/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD27FA1E2FF4ADFD" box="[717,746,1480,1503]" captionStart="Figs 32–34" captionStartId="17.[114,151,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[181,1020,453,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-115@17.[181,1021,453,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 32–34. Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986. 32–33 – dorsal view: 32 – apterous male; 33 – apterous female; 34 – ventral view of apterous male (arrow indicates the dark area on sternites V–VI). Abdominal tergites as roman numerals, GS – genital segments. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FD1CFA1E2E0AADFD" box="[758,788,1480,1503]" captionStart="Figs 55–58" captionStartId="27.[112,149,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[134,1065,395,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-59@27.[133,1069,391,1487]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 55–58. Oiovelia viannai sp. nov. 55–57 – dorsal view: 55 – apterous male, holotype; 56 – apterous female, paratype; 57 – macropterous female, paratype. 58 – ventral view of macropterous female, paratype. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468262/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">56</figureCitation>
); proctiger small, globose; first gonocoxa plate-like (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87117FF84FE92FA3E2CE8ADDD" box="[376,502,1512,1535]" captionStart="Figs 78–80" captionStartId="31.[112,149,1195,1214]" captionTargetBox="[172,1020,219,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-160@31.[172,1020,217,1164]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 78–80. Lateral view of the macropterous female (legs removed). 78 – Oiovelia chenae sp. nov.; 79 – O. hamadae sp. nov.; 80 – O. pydanieli sp. nov. Abbreviations: Roman numerals – abdominal segments, Gon – gonocoxa, Pr – proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468268/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Figs 78–80</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67116FF85FF9BFF0A2C87AC71" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7116FF85FF9BFF0A2C57AAF1" blockId="7.[113,1089,220,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FF9BFF0A2C6FA8D1" bold="true" box="[113,369,220,243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FE79FF0A2CEFA8D1" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[403,497,220,243]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FE79FF0A2CEFA8D1" box="[403,497,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens with high variation of color and pruinosity are common. Also, some species are morphologically very similar, differing basically in the color and male genitalia. For this reason, even when having a few specimens, it is necessary to examine male characters to confirm the species identification. However, species of the genus usually have gregarious behavior, and are consequently easily collected in large numbers. In foam masses, where these insects preferably live (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FCF5FEAA2E80A9B1" box="[799,926,380,403]" captionStart="Figs 16–21" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1435,1454]" captionTargetBox="[113,1088,219,1267]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[113,1088,219,1267]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 16–21. Streams where part of the Oiovelia specimens examined were collected. 16–19 – Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil: 16 – Cachoeira do Santuário. 17 – Igarapé da Onça. 18 – detail of the typical formation of foam on the black water stream. 19 – detail of Oiovelia specimens on the foam. 20–21 – Luz, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Ribeirão Jorge Grande." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468241/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Figs 16–19</figureCitation>
), it is common to observe several couples in copulation, and nymphs of all instars. When compared with other Neotropical veliids, the genus
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FDE8FE6A2F7EA9F1" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[514,608,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FDE8FE6A2F7EA9F1" box="[514,608,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the most active flight behavior, and the migration of specimens between the foam masses is frequently observed in the field. In addition, two species have already been collected at the same locality (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC47FE2A2DB3AA11" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunucunumana">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC47FE2A2DB3AA11" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">O. cunucunumana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FF07FDCA2C7AAA11" authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1986" box="[237,356,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivicola">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FF07FDCA2C7AAA11" box="[237,356,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">O. rivicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FE49FDCA2F75AA11" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[419,619,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunucunumana">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FE49FDCA2F75AA11" box="[419,619,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">O. cunucunumana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FD41FDCA2E01AA11" authority="Rodrigues &amp; Melo &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, 2014" authorityName="Rodrigues &amp; Melo &amp; Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2014" box="[683,799,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viannai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FD41FDCA2E01AA11" box="[683,799,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">O. viannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2E796347116FF85FCCCFDCA2E61AA11" box="[806,895,540,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), which may lead to misidentifications. The existing records of the genus are from northern South America, southeastern
<collectingCountry id="B3B7B7CD7116FF85FEEEFD8A2C59AA51" box="[260,327,604,627]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B3B7B7CD7116FF85FE6BFD8A2CEEAA51" box="[385,496,604,627]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, regions with specialists working with this group of insects. Thus, there is an evident gap in collecting sites in the other South American countries as well as in central-western and northeastern
<collectingCountry id="B3B7B7CD7116FF85FD48FD4A2FF9AA91" box="[674,743,668,691]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, where the species of the genus possibly also occur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7116FF85FF7AFD0A2C87AC71" blockId="7.[113,1089,220,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FF7AFD0A2DF0AAD1" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[144,238,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FF7AFD0A2DF0AAD1" box="[144,238,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the Neotropical genus
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FD54FD0A2ECAAAD1" authority="Breddin, 1898" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1898" box="[702,980,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FD54FD0A2E37AAD1" box="[702,809,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia</emphasis>
Breddin, 1898
</taxonomicName>
, differing from the latter mainly in the form of tarsomere III of all legs, which is expanded, with lateral margins slightly divergent (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FE03FCCA2F34AB11" box="[489,554,796,819]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FD51FCCA2E38AB11" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1898" box="[699,806,796,819]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FD51FCCA2E38AB11" box="[699,806,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the tarsomere III is either cylindrical or subcylindrical, with lateral margins parallel (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FD17FCEA2E51AB71" box="[765,847,828,851]" captionStart="Figs 1–11. 1" captionStartId="3.[113,150,1413,1432]" captionTargetBox="[115,1086,220,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[113,1088,219,1289]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–11. 1 – dorsal view of the head of Oiovelia; 2 – dorsal view of the head and pronotum of Oiovelia; 3 – inner view of the protibia showing the grasping comb; 4 – detail of grasping comb; 5 – detail of intersegmental area between the meso- and metasternum showing two pairs of small tubercles; 6 – ventral view of meso- and metasternum of Paravelia; 7 – ventral view of Steinovelia; 8 – ventral view of Platyvelia; 9 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Oiovelia; 10 – tarsomeres of middle leg of Paravelia; 11 – tarsomere III of middle leg of Veloidea (modified from ANDERSEN 1982).Abbreviations: Cox – coxa, Mes – mesosternum, Met – metasternum, Mls – median longitudinal suture, Opt – oblique punctation, Tar – tarsomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). In addition, the fore wings of
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FF3CFC8A2C2AAB51" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[214,308,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FF3CFC8A2C2AAB51" box="[214,308,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have only a pair of basal maculae starting near the humeral angles, with the rest of the wing at most with pruinosity (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FDBFFCAA2FB8ABB1" box="[597,678,892,915]" captionStart="Figs 26–28" captionStartId="13.[114,150,1286,1305]" captionTargetBox="[190,1015,220,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[189,1018,219,1257]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 26–28.Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, dorsal view:26–27 – macropterous female; 28 – macropterous male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468246/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FD3DFCAA2E5CABB1" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1898" box="[727,834,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FD3DFCAA2E5CABB1" box="[727,834,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fore wings usually have a pair of basal maculae and another apical macula (
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FD0CFC4A2E29AB91" box="[742,823,924,947]" captionStart="Figs 12–15. 12" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1232,1251]" captionTargetBox="[166,1105,224,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[163,1113,213,1215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 12–15. 12 – lateral view of Stridulivelia (legs removed) (arrow indicates the transverse sulci); 13 – part of the hind femur of Stridulivelia in dorsal view (arrow indicates the stridulatory devices); 14 – dorsal view of Steinovelia virgata (White, 1879) (arrow indicates the small projections of humeri); 15 – dorsal view of Paravelia splendoris (Drake &amp; Harris, 1933). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468239/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), with a wide variety of sizes and forms. In some species, however, the apical macula may be absent (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC30FC6A2C03ABD1" authority="(Spinola, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC30FC6A295FABF1" box="[986,1089,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. basalis</emphasis>
(Spinola, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FEBDFC0A2F6FABD1" authority="Drake 1951" authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1951" box="[343,625,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiayana">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FEBDFC0A2CFDABD1" box="[343,483,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. itatiayana</emphasis>
Drake 1951
</taxonomicName>
). On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC88FC0A2CB1AC31" authority="Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 1984" authorityName="Polhemus &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullialata">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC88FC0A295EABD1" box="[866,1088,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia bullialata</emphasis>
Polhemus &amp; Polhemus, 1984
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FE0EFC2A2E66AC31" authority="(Drake &amp; Harris, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Drake &amp; Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[484,888,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendoris">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FE0EFC2A2F6EAC31" box="[484,624,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">P. splendoris</emphasis>
(Drake &amp; Harris, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="539BEBD87116FF85FC6DFC2A2EC8AC31" box="[903,982,1020,1043]" captionStart="Figs 12–15. 12" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1232,1251]" captionTargetBox="[166,1105,224,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[163,1113,213,1215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 12–15. 12 – lateral view of Stridulivelia (legs removed) (arrow indicates the transverse sulci); 13 – part of the hind femur of Stridulivelia in dorsal view (arrow indicates the stridulatory devices); 14 – dorsal view of Steinovelia virgata (White, 1879) (arrow indicates the small projections of humeri); 15 – dorsal view of Paravelia splendoris (Drake &amp; Harris, 1933). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4468239/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) have the form of the tarsomere III very similar to the species of
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FD23FBCA2E39AC11" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[713,807,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FD23FBCA2E39AC11" box="[713,807,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which most likely represents convergent character.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83BAA4D67116FF85FF7AFB8A2E1AADD1" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB1FF75D7116FF85FF7AFB8A2E1AADD1" blockId="7.[113,1089,220,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
Until now, no phylogenetic studies concerning the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FCF0FB8A2E6EAC51" box="[794,880,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Veliinae">Veliinae</taxonomicName>
have been available from literature, and POLHEMUS (1976) and
<bibRefCitation id="AF318AAC7116FF85FDCDFBAA2FC3ACB1" author="ANDERSEN N. M." box="[551,733,1148,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 455" refId="ref16545" refString="ANDERSEN N. M. 1982: The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography and classification. Entomonograph 3: 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1982">ANDERSEN (1982)</bibRefCitation>
commented that
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC7BFBAA2EF3ACB1" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[913,1005,1148,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC7BFBAA2EF3ACB1" box="[913,1005,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(monotypic at that time) could be just a subgenus or a species group within the genus
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC5EFB4A2903AC91" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1898" box="[948,1053,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC5EFB4A2903AC91" box="[948,1053,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this study, we observed that besides the form of the tarsomere III, hitherto the main diagnostic character of the genus, other characters remain constant within the species, such as: absence of black denticles on the body; presence of a pair of oblique punctations on posterior region of head; absence of silver or whitish pubescence on the anterior lobe of pronotum; long dark setae present laterally on the anterior lobe of pronotum; posterior angle of pronotum rounded; fore wings without apical macula; legs without spines, teeth or denticles; two pairs of small tubercles on intersegmental region between the meso- and metasternum; and posterior angle of last connexival segment not developed, rounded. In addition to morphology,
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FC0FFA4A295FAD91" authorityName="Drake &amp; Maldonado-Capriles" authorityYear="1952" box="[997,1089,1436,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Oiovelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FC0FFA4A295FAD91" box="[997,1089,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Oiovelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are predominantly inhabitants of foam masses on streams, and so far no species of
<taxonomicName id="0CA08CDE7116FF85FF9BFA0A2DC4ADD1" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1898" box="[113,218,1500,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Paravelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9D42B4F7116FF85FF9BFA0A2DC4ADD1" box="[113,218,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Paravelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been correctly recorded from this environment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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