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<mods:title id="570666FFD5401515327C9B1418940F52">A new species of Alapona DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7E6A2C6AF0010425F7EF08DBFD6FFE55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6164368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119571081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6164368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6A2C6AF0010425F7EF08DBFD6FFE55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6A2C6AF0010425F7EF08DBFD6FFE55" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="BED9CEF7F0010424F7EF08DBFE5CFA01" box="[151,407,1435,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F67C9D7CF0010424F7EF08DBFE5CFA01" blockId="0.[151,407,1435,1459]" box="[151,407,1435,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="AD342A10F0010424F7EF08DBFE5CFA01" bold="true" box="[151,407,1435,1459]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F7EF08DBFE5CFA01" ID-CoL="8HCDJ" authority="DeLong, 1980" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,407,1435,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F7EF08DBFE5CFA01" bold="true" box="[151,407,1435,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F7EF08DBFF3FFA01" bold="true" box="[151,244,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Alapona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0010424F78308DBFE5CFA01" author="DeLong" box="[251,407,1435,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BED9CEF7F0010425F7EF08A0FD7BFE76" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F67C9D7CF0010424F7EF08A0FCC1F958" blockId="0.[151,1437,1504,2013]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F7EF08A0FEC7FA4A" bold="true" box="[151,268,1504,1528]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F62408A0FE61FA45" box="[348,426,1504,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="3.[151,255,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[210,1358,256,857]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,247,948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 13. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype, body in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217749/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) brown with small black or dark brown maculae on head, pronotum and forewings; body not strongly dorsoventrally flattened; transocular width (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F5B10B43FCCCF9A8" box="[713,775,1539,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) narrower than maximum pronotum width; each ocellus (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F2090B43FF68F98E" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) closer to adjacent eye than to midline and equidistant from anterior and posterior margins; crown-frons transition (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F2090B65FF6FF9ED" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) thick, not foliaceous, with longitudinal striae; forewing without supernumerary veins* (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F3250B08FB6BF9ED" box="[1117,1184,1608,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); hind leg with femoral setal formula 2-2-1*, tibia row PD with approximately twice as many cucullate setae as in AD*; AD with 2-
<specimenCount id="E0C556F5F0010424F26D0B2BFAE8F930" box="[1301,1315,1643,1666]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="intercalary">4</specimenCount>
intercalary setae between cucullate macrosetae*, first tarsomere as long as combined length of two distal tarsomeres*; aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0010424F7E60BF0FEDDF975" box="[158,278,1712,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
) dorsal apodemes well developed, forming a single structure expanded laterally (resembling a pair of wings) and without processes (= paraphyses
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F55C0B93FD94F958" box="[548,607,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0010424F51E0B93FD36F958" author="DeLong" box="[614,765,1747,1770]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67C9D7CF0010425F7BF0BB5FAD2FF63" blockId="0.[151,1437,1504,2013]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,487]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F7BF0BB5FEC6F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,269,1781,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Notes.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0010424F6D10BB5FD99F8BE" author="DeLong" box="[425,594,1781,1804]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong (1980)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F5260BB6FD72F8BF" box="[606,697,1782,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F5260BB6FD72F8BF" box="[606,697,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Alapona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F43E0BB6FBDBF8BE" authority="Ball, 1920" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" box="[838,1040,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F43E0BB6FC52F8BF" box="[838,921,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ponana</emphasis>
Ball, 1920
</taxonomicName>
and can be distinguished from other Gyponini genera by the following characteristics: (1) head narrower than pronotum; (2) anterior margin of crown slightly produced and thick; (3) ocelli closer to eyes than to median line of crown; and (4) aedeagus without paraphyses, dorsoventrally broadened, with a broad platelike structure resembling a pair of wings. However, characters 1 and 2 occur in several Gyponini genera, whereas character
<date id="827DBBBCF0010424F5F30AC0FD06F825" box="[651,717,1920,1943]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">3 may</date>
vary among species in a single genus. Furthermore, as stated in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F6E10AE3FD67F808" authority="DeLong 1980" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[409,684,1955,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F6E10AE3FE38F808" box="[409,499,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Alapona</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0010424F57F0AE3FD6FF808" author="DeLong" box="[519,676,1955,1978]" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the type-species is superficially similar to species of
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F26F0AE3FAA1F808" box="[1303,1386,1955,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F26F0AE3FAA1F808" box="[1303,1386,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ponana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0010424F7EF0A86FF2FF86F" box="[151,228,1990,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Polana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0010424F7EF0A86FF2FF86F" box="[151,228,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Polana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, most of the external diagnostic characteristics given above cannot separate most species of these genera. Species of
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0000425F61B0DD8FE75FF1D" box="[355,446,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F61B0DD8FE75FF1D" box="[355,446,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Alapona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can only be accurately identified based on characteristics of the aedeagus dorsal apodemes, which do not bear processes and are laterally expanded resembling a pair of wings, in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="6EF881F9F0000425F3C50DFAFAC6FF63" box="[1213,1293,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[226,1334,194,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1334,194,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10 12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217748/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67C9D7CF0000425F7BF0D9DFD7BFE76" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
It should be noted that what the present authors refer to as “processes of the dorsal apodemes” (which are absent in
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0000425F7EF0C40FF3AFEA5" box="[151,241,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Alapona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F7EF0C40FF3AFEA5" box="[151,241,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Alapona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were referred to as “paraphyses” by
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0000425F5CA0C40FC95FEA5" author="DeLong" box="[690,862,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong (1980)</bibRefCitation>
in the original genus description. However, these structures are found in the majority of Gyponini genera and, unfortunately, have not been named consistently. In related genera, these structures were independently called “aedealati” in
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0000425F41B0C05FB29FEEE" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag 1967" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1967" box="[867,1250,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F41B0C05FC7DFEEE" box="[867,950,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Ponana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0000425F4BE0C05FB11FEEE" author="DeLong" box="[966,1242,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refString="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H. (1967) Studies of the world Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A synopsis of the genus Ponana. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 1 (7), 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1967">DeLong &amp; Freytag 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, “paraphyses” in
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0000425F7EF0C28FDD5FECD" authority="DeLong 1980" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,542,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ponana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Peranoa">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F7EF0C28FF21FECD" box="[151,234,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Ponana</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F7870C28FE90FECD" box="[255,347,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Peranoa</emphasis>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0000425F6000C28FDDCFECD" author="DeLong" box="[376,535,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refString="DeLong, D. M. (1980) A new genus Alapona, a new Ponana subgenus, Peranoa, and two new species of Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 80 (5), 217 - 219." type="journal article" year="1980">DeLong 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and “lateral parameres” in
<taxonomicName id="31C3E6FFF0000425F41D0C28FB26FECD" authority="DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972" authorityName="DeLong &amp; Freytag" authorityYear="1972" box="[869,1261,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Polana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F41D0C28FC79FECD" box="[869,946,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Polana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9252E08DF0000425F4BE0C28FB2EFECD" author="DeLong" box="[966,1253,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refString="DeLong, D. M. &amp; Freytag, P. H. (1972) Studies of the world Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). The genus Polana. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo, 22 (5), 239 - 324." type="journal article" year="1972">DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Adding to the confusion, in the latter work, the “lateral parameres” were considered to originate either from the dorsal apodeme (= phallobase) or from the base of the aedeagal shaft.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BED9CEF7F0000425F7BF0C8FFD6FFE55" box="[199,676,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F67C9D7CF0000425F7BF0C8FFD6FFE55" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,487]" box="[199,676,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F7BF0C8FFE92FE55" bold="true" box="[199,345,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="8ED4DDECF0000425F6270C90FE6BFE55" box="[351,416,464,487]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Brazil</collectingCountry>
[
<emphasis id="C4B7416EF0000425F6C80C8FFDFBFE55" bold="true" box="[432,560,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">new record</emphasis>
] and
<collectingCountry id="8ED4DDECF0000425F5140C90FD6BFE55" box="[620,672,464,487]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>