261 lines
36 KiB
XML
261 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="46A9AF0D4B9A52ED844615790D90358A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops kwartatuma Crews 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5BDAB028-E2ED-4A26-BA4B-7DFA4943EAB8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>189</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BDAB028-E2ED-4A26-BA4B-7DFA4943EAB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/46A9AF0D4B9A52ED844615790D90358A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/5BDAB028-E2ED-4A26-BA4B-7DFA4943EAB8" authority="Crews, 2023" authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops kwartatuma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kwartatuma" status="sp. nov.">Karaops kwartatuma</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Species and habitats of the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) B Karaops deserticola, female holotype, Mount Lindsay, South Australia (SAM N 199350) C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops larapinta sp. nov., paratype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) E Habitat of Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory F Karaops sp., King's Canyon Rim Walk, Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory G habitat of Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., Ormiston Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2A, G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 5. Species from the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (MAGNT A 004858) B same, holotype male, face showing black marks near eyes and " mustache " C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, caudal, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Map 1. Map of Australia showing areas that are expanded in subsequent figures. CD = Central Desert group, D = Karaops dawara group, F = Karaops francesae group, K = Kimberley group, UA = species that are not assigned to a group, PG = Pilbara-Gascoyne group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Maps 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Map 2. Species of the Central Desert species group; orange = juvenile from Morgan Range, light purple = Karaops deserticola, teal = Karaops ngarutjaranya, red = juveniles from Watarrka, blue = Karaops larapinta sp. nov., pink = Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., yellow = Karaops pilkingtoni, x = Karaops mparntwe sp. nov., purple = Karaops vadlaadambara, green = Karaops manaayn. Juveniles are treated as distinct species based on molecular data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816384" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-04-19" collectorName="S. Crews" county="Ormiston Gorge" elevation="674" latitude="-23.628633" location="Northern Territory" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.7277" municipality="West MacDonnell Range National Park" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46A9AF0D4B9A52ED844615790D90358A:7390B93E5136A41DDA8B16C8B9C5587C" county="Ormiston Gorge" latitude="-23.628633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="132.7277" municipality="West MacDonnell Range National Park" name="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</location>
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•
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<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
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(reared in captivity);
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<collectingMunicipality>West MacDonnell Range National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Ormiston Gorge</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="37.718" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.628633">23°37.718'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="43.662" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.7277">132°43.662'E</geoCoordinate>
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; ~
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.74" unit="m" value="674.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.74" unit="m" value="674.0">674 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2016-04-19">19 Apr. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>S. Crews</collectorName>
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leg.; in rock cracks on cliff face above waterhole; sel_1093; SCC16_012; (MAGNT A004858).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops kwartatuma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kwartatuma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops kwartatuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Species and habitats of the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) B Karaops deserticola, female holotype, Mount Lindsay, South Australia (SAM N 199350) C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops larapinta sp. nov., paratype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) E Habitat of Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory F Karaops sp., King's Canyon Rim Walk, Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory G habitat of Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., Ormiston Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
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) is similar to the other members of the Central Desert species group,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. vadlaadambara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vadlaadambara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. vadlaadambara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. ngarutjaranya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ngarutjaranya">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. ngarutjaranya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. pilkingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. pilkingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by having a short embolus that is nearer to the middle of the bulb rather than the cymbial margin and by having spinules on the median apophysis (although this was not noted for the other species in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
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). The new species can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. vadlaadambara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vadlaadambara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. vadlaadambara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. ngarutjaranya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ngarutjaranya">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. ngarutjaranya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the RTA and median apophysis. The dRTA of the latter two species is directed away from the palpal tibia at a nearly 90° angle in ventral view, and both branches of the median apophysis are long. In the new species, the dRTA is not directed away from the palpal tibia at a nearly 90° angle in ventral view, and the two-branched median apophysis has a long branch and a smaller, broad, unsclerotized, inconspicuous lobe (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 51, 52, 61, 62).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops kwartatuma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kwartatuma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops kwartatuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. pilkingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. pilkingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the RTA, the median apophysis, the conductor, and the embolus. In lateral view, the dRTA of the new species is narrow, very slightly curved ventrally, and pointed distally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
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). In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. pilkingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. pilkingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the dRTA is squared off distally (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 56). The conductor of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. pilkingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. pilkingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is somewhat narrow and longitudinal, arising medially and extended to the anterior edge of the bulb (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 55) ending in a point. In the new species, the conductor is broader, with the point directed ventrally and is somewhat pyramidal (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
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). Finally, the embolus remains broad throughout its length in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. pilkingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. pilkingtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 55), but it narrows slightly in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. kwartatuma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kwartatuma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. kwartatuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype). Total length 3.34. Carapace: length 1.47, width 1.87. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth, robust. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER recurved; diameters AME 0.10, ALE 0.06, PME 0.11, PLE 0.19; interdistances AME-PME 0.02, PME-ALE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.11, PME-PME 0.60, ALE-ALE 0.83, AME-AME 0.38, PLE-PLE 1.09. Sternum: length 0.95, width 0.99. Abdomen: length 1.87, width 1.64. Color (in life Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 5. Species from the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (MAGNT A 004858) B same, holotype male, face showing black marks near eyes and " mustache " C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, caudal, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
/preserved Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Species and habitats of the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) B Karaops deserticola, female holotype, Mount Lindsay, South Australia (SAM N 199350) C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops larapinta sp. nov., paratype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) E Habitat of Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory F Karaops sp., King's Canyon Rim Walk, Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory G habitat of Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., Ormiston Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Carapace: yellowish brown with darker marks extended toward but not reaching margin, three dark marks at lateral edges, setose with slender setae and sparse, thick, stubby setae/pale yellowish to brown, dark marks visible, less distinct than in life. Chelicerae: pale yellowish with conspicuous, black, crescent-shaped marks, sort of like a little mustache (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 5. Species from the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (MAGNT A 004858) B same, holotype male, face showing black marks near eyes and " mustache " C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, caudal, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
), setae uniform. Maxillae: pale yellowish brown. Labium: brown, paler distally. Sternum: yellowish. Abdomen: dorsally golden brown, darker medially, chevron medially, sides of chevron angled anteriorly, darker posteriorly, laterally spotted/golden parts yellowish, darker parts orange-red, pattern inconspicuous, dark, thick, stubby setae giving abdomen spotted appearance from a distance; ventrally yellowish white. Legs: golden brown, Cx and Tr with dark prolateral lines, dot at Tr-Fm joint, Fm basally with two dark lines that do not completely encircle legs, not pigmented centrally, another ring medially, another distally, Pt with dark annulation basally, Ti with dark annulation at Pt-Ti joint, paler annulation medially, Mt with two dusky annulations, one basal, one proximal, Ta tip dusky; spination leg I Fm d 1-1-1, pr 1-1-0, Ti v 2-2-2-2-2, Mt v 2-2-2; leg II Fm d 1-1-1, Ti v 2-2-2-1-2, Mt v 2-2-2; leg III Fm d 1-1-1; leg IV Fm d 1-1-1; leg formula 3421; measurements leg I 6.60 (2.07, 0.64, 1.74, 1.40, 0.76); leg II 7.07 (2.58, 0.68, 1.68, 1.30, 0.83); leg III 8.54 (2.53, 0.76, 2.42, 1.85, 1.00); leg IV 8.30 (2.59, 0.70, 2.18, 1.91, 0.89). Palp: spination Fm d 0-1-1; 1.73 (0.52, 0.37, 0.32, 0.58); Ti with dark mark dorsally and retrolaterally, Cy with dark mark basodorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); dRTA rectangular in ventral view, slightly curved ventrally, pointed apically in lateral view, conspicuously darker than vRTA, vRTA rounded distally in ventral view, wider, rounder, shorter (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
); rbcp small; Cy oval-triangular, extended further retrobasally in ventral or dorsal views (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
); C located anteromedially, pointed ventrally, pyramidal, sclerotized more at tip, margins raised around E, apicalmost part of C with lip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); E short, arising from large TL, straight, near middle of bulb, beginning at 6:30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
; MA with sclerotized, hooked branch, inconspicuous unsclerotized lobe, sparse Sp at basal and lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 4. Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, (Kwartatuma) Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) A palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, turquoise = spermophor, blue = embolus, pink = conductor, yellow = MA, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules B same, palp, dorsal C same, ventral D same, retrolateral. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species name is the indigenous word for the type locality in the Western Aranda language. Noun in apposition.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Known from only the type locality, Kwartatuma (Ormiston Gorge), Northern Territory (Map
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Map 2. Species of the Central Desert species group; orange = juvenile from Morgan Range, light purple = Karaops deserticola, teal = Karaops ngarutjaranya, red = juveniles from Watarrka, blue = Karaops larapinta sp. nov., pink = Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., yellow = Karaops pilkingtoni, x = Karaops mparntwe sp. nov., purple = Karaops vadlaadambara, green = Karaops manaayn. Juveniles are treated as distinct species based on molecular data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816384" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This spider was collected by coaxing from cracks with a piece of grass in rocks on a cliff face during the day (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Species and habitats of the Central Desert species group A Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., holotype male, Ormiston Gorge, West MacDonnell Range National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1093, MAGNT A 004858) B Karaops deserticola, female holotype, Mount Lindsay, South Australia (SAM N 199350) C Karaops larapinta sp. nov., holotype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) D Karaops larapinta sp. nov., paratype female, Finke River, Northern Territory (QMS 110852) E Habitat of Karaops sp. from Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory F Karaops sp., King's Canyon Rim Walk, Watarrka National Park, Northern Territory G habitat of Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., Ormiston Gorge, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was collected as a penultimate ♂ on 19 April 2016 and matured to an adult male on 19 June 2016, and it no longer ate after this time. The climate at the collecting locality becomes drier and cooler with increased humidity from April to June (Suppl. material 2: table S1). The species is from the xeric and desert scrubland ecoregion. The IBRA region and subregion are the MacDonnell Range, characterized by high-relief ranges and foothills, spinifex, and acacias, especially mulga (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia aneura" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aneura">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acacia aneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mueller ex. Bentham) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bastin, G" journalOrPublisher="Cunninghamia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/publications/acris-rangelands-2008-taking-pulse" refId="B4" refString="Bastin, G, 2008. Rangelands 2008 - Taking the Pulse, published on behalf of the ACRIS Management Committee by the National Land & Water Resources Audit, Canberra. https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/publications/acris-rangelands-2008-taking-pulse" title="Rangelands 2008 - Taking the Pulse, published on behalf of the ACRIS Management Committee by the National Land & Water Resources Audit, Canberra." url="https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/land/publications/acris-rangelands-2008-taking-pulse" year="2008">Bastin 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is part of a group of primarily Central Australian species comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops pilkingtoni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilkingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops pilkingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. deserticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="deserticola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. deserticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. mparntwe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mparntwe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. mparntwe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. larapinta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larapinta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. larapinta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. ngarutjaranya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ngarutjaranya">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. ngarutjaranya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. manaayn" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manaayn">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. manaayn</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. vadlaadambara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vadlaadambara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. vadlaadambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is one of the smallest selenopids. Data indicate that there are several species found in a rather small geographic area (Map
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Map 2. Species of the Central Desert species group; orange = juvenile from Morgan Range, light purple = Karaops deserticola, teal = Karaops ngarutjaranya, red = juveniles from Watarrka, blue = Karaops larapinta sp. nov., pink = Karaops kwartatuma sp. nov., yellow = Karaops pilkingtoni, x = Karaops mparntwe sp. nov., purple = Karaops vadlaadambara, green = Karaops manaayn. Juveniles are treated as distinct species based on molecular data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816384" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The group is poorly collected (except
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. vadlaadambara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vadlaadambara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. vadlaadambara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, relatively), likely due to crypsis and living in remote locations. Targeted collecting will produce additional species and specimens in better condition and provide important distribution data to uncover the true diversity of Central Australian selenopids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |