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<document id="2E71F1753DEDE76C72A11AD298C4D9D9" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFCEFFCFFF0CFCBEE5FAF800" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rusa alfredi" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="418" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="418" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F1C3BC5F681B81FBA547C2414021A9C1">Cervidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D700ED45D05FF3E8E895DAAC46519515">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F299B1CC1846F722CE90E6636C997F01">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3A2C09F7A8C9E15FCD98920DE25C041C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0CFCBEE6C2FCCE" box="[199,255,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0CFCBEE6C2FCCE" blockId="11.[196,1143,777,904]" box="[199,255,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCEFFCFFF0CFCBEE6C2FCCE" box="[199,255,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<figureCitation id="13322A57FFCEFFCFFF0CFCBEE6C2FCCE" box="[199,255,777,823]" captionStart="Plate 17: Cervidae" captionStartId="8.[137,169,3395,3416]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="13. Chital (Axis axis), 14. Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), 15. Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554879/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">21.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFEDBFCBEE530FCCE" box="[272,781,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFEDBFCBEE530FCCE" blockId="11.[196,1143,777,904]" box="[272,781,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCEFFCFFEDBFCBEE530FCCE" box="[272,781,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFEDBFCBEE530FCCE" box="[272,781,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Philippine Spotted Deer</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCF4FCBEE219FCCE" box="[831,1060,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCF4FCBEE219FCCE" blockId="11.[196,1143,777,904]" box="[831,1060,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCEFFCFFCF4FCBEE219FCCE" box="[831,1060,777,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCEFFCFFCF4FCBEE219FCCE" ID-CoL="4TQSH" baseAuthorityName="Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[831,1060,777,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFCF4FCBEE219FCCE" box="[831,1060,777,823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Rusa alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0DFCFFE5B3FC7C" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0DFCFFE24BFCA4" blockId="11.[196,1143,777,904]" box="[198,1142,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCEFFCFFF0DFCFFE24BFCA4" box="[198,1142,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0DFCFFE72FFCA4" bold="true" box="[198,274,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFED0FCFFE7A4FCA4" box="[283,409,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Cerf d'Alfred</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFE64FCFFE437FCA4" bold="true" box="[431,522,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFDDFFCFFE4F6FCA4" box="[532,715,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Prinz-Alfred-Hirsch</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFD2AFCFFE501FCA4" bold="true" box="[737,828,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFC8EFCFFE24BFCA4" box="[837,1142,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFC8EFCFFE5ACFCA4" box="[837,913,840,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Sambar</vernacularName>
manchado de
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCEFFCFFBE3FCFFE24BFCA4" box="[1064,1142,840,861]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Filipinas</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0EFCC7E5B3FC7C" blockId="11.[196,1143,777,904]" box="[197,910,880,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFCEFFCFFF0EFCC7E5B3FC7C" box="[197,910,880,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0EFCC7E786FC7C" bold="true" box="[197,443,880,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFE0DFCC7E495FC7C" box="[454,680,880,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Prince Alfred's Sambar</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFCEFFCFFD7EFCC7E5B3FC7C" box="[693,910,880,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Visayan Spotted Deer</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCE6FC01E349FC2A" box="[813,1396,950,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCE6FC01E349FC2A" blockId="11.[812,1399,950,1372]" box="[813,1396,950,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFCE6FC01E5F5FC2A" bold="true" box="[813,968,950,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCEFFCFFC28FC01E34DFC2A" ID-CoL="T56B" authority="Sclater, 1870" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1870" box="[995,1392,950,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">Cervus alfredi Sclater, 1870</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCE5FC6AE5EFFC03" box="[814,978,989,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCE5FC6AE5EFFC03" blockId="11.[812,1399,950,1372]" box="[814,978,989,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFCEFFCFFCE5FC6AE5EFFC03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196308" box="[814,978,989,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCEFFCFFCE5FC6AE5F0FC03" box="[814,973,989,1018]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCE6FBB7E2D5FB46" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCE6FBB7E2D5FB46" blockId="11.[812,1399,950,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
This species has been treated for decades as a dwarf island form of
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFCEFFCFFB56FB9AE310FBB3" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1181,1325,1069,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">R. unicolor</taxonomicName>
. The scientific name refers to Prince Alfred, son of Queen
<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFCEFFCFFC35FBC0E252FB61" box="[1022,1135,1143,1176]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, who sent a specimen to P. L. Sclater. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCE6FB73E279FAF6" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF76665AFFCEFFCFFCE6FB73E279FAF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514445/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" targetBox="[196,789,956,1371]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCE6FB73E279FAF6" blockId="11.[812,1399,950,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFCE6FB73E5E0FB1C" bold="true" box="[813,989,1220,1253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Distribution.</emphasis>
Panay and Negros Is, in W Visayas,
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFCEFFCFFC6AFB5EE27DFAF6" box="[929,1088,1257,1295]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFCE6FAA5E771F9D8" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFCE6FAA5E771F9D8" blockId="11.[812,1399,950,1372]" lastBlockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFCE6FAA5E20FFAC8" bold="true" box="[813,1074,1298,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCEFFCFFACAFAA0E352FACD" box="[1281,1391,1303,1332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="cm" value="130.0">130 cm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCEFFCFFCA5FA88E5F4FAA5" box="[878,969,1343,1372]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
, shoulder height 65-75 cm; weight of males around
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCEFFCFFDEEFAD4E449FA7D" box="[549,628,1379,1412]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="kg" value="40.0">40 kg</quantity>
. Small to medium-sized deer with a narrow skull and pointed face. Ears relatively small. Fur fine, soft, and dense. The coat is dark brown with beige and whitish spots and a blackish spinal band. Head and neck darker, underparts cream. White on chin and lowerlip. Antlers of adults three-tined and
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFCEFFCFFAE8FA6EE34BFA03" box="[1315,1398,1497,1530]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
in lenght.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0EF99CE26FF9B1" box="[197,1106,1579,1608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0EF99CE26FF9B1" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" box="[197,1106,1579,1608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0EF99CE709F9B1" bold="true" box="[197,308,1579,1608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Habitat.</emphasis>
It is now restricted to steep slopes of dipterocarp forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0EF9E0E2E3F989" box="[197,1246,1623,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0EF9E0E2E3F989" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" box="[197,1246,1623,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0EF9E0E7F7F989" bold="true" box="[197,458,1623,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
It feeds on leaves, buds, forbs, young grasses, and fruits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0EF9CDE599F91F" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0EF9CDE599F91F" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0EF9CDE776F96E" bold="true" box="[197,331,1658,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Breeding.</emphasis>
Females attain puberty at about twelve months of age. Breeding occurs all year. Mating season peaks in November-December, births in May-June. Gestation is around 240 days. Females give birth to a single fawn.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0FF95BE48CF8F4" box="[196,689,1772,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0FF95BE48CF8F4" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" box="[196,689,1772,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0FF95BE793F8F4" bold="true" box="[196,430,1772,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Mainly nocturnal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0DF8A4E4DBF8A5" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0DF8A4E4DBF8A5" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0DF8A4E547F8CD" bold="true" box="[198,890,1811,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
It is not very social, with males mostly solitary and females with their fawns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0DF8D5E41EF82B" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0DF8D5E41EF82B" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0DF8D5E411F87A" bold="true" box="[198,556,1890,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Hunting and logging for plantations and agriculture have drastically fragmented its range and decreased its population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFCEFFCFFF0CF857E5FAF800" box="[199,967,2016,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFCEFFCFFF0CF857E5FAF800" blockId="11.[196,1399,1379,2041]" box="[199,967,2016,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFCEFFCFFF0CF857E75CF800" bold="true" box="[199,353,2016,2041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="418">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Cox (1987), Grubb &amp; Groves (1983), Oliver et al. (1991).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>