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<document id="9A1875456E4F5EC1EB69F62E04505BD7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7148a02-ac1a-4172-9071-606bd1e703fc" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283738" ID-ZooBank="CAA37212-3008-43F4-98DE-94D7A3FFD3B6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1692955869775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mu, Yannan &amp; Zhang, Feng" docDate="2023" docId="364E87DE863CFFC65AA6FCA7DC2A2768" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5338.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5338 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Punctus, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="CA77FFA68673FF895A31FFEBD84D203E" masterDocTitle="Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1720090975140" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ECD907351CF28069E51D31F3E9B3C199">Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DFB4A4C798AACE56D46A15CE2B6D2828">Mu, Yannan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B91CC9F6BB698AB1B4153AFDD65A605">The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Developed, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China &amp; 15188605531 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2504 - 673 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="54C53BA0EEC56D0A97BD3D36F9BEFD12">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="67A93C5BEBD5F936CBB5E514CB733086">The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Developed, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="364E87DE863CFFC65AA6FCA7DC2A2768" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283935" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212459922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:364E87DE863CFFC65AA6FCA7DC2A2768" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/364E87DE863CFFC65AA6FCA7DC2A2768" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="F6FD6543863CFFC65AA6FCA7DA4D235B" box="[151,512,843,870]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AA6FCA7DA4D235B" blockId="79.[151,512,843,870]" box="[151,512,843,870]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="E51081A4863CFFC65AA6FCA7DA4D235B" bold="true" box="[151,512,843,870]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AA6FCA7DA4D235B" bold="true" box="[151,512,843,870]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B863CFFC65AA6FCA7D8B72358" ID-CoL="C893T" authority="Mu &amp; Zhang, 2023" box="[151,250,844,870]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AA6FCA7D8B72358" bold="true" box="[151,250,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Punctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A1863CFFC65B33FCA7D93D2358" box="[258,368,844,870]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Ɖflffƌ)
</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD6543863CFFC65AA6FC7FDBE023EC" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AA6FC7FDBE023EC" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AA6FC7FD9532390" bold="true" box="[151,286,916,942]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name “
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65837FC7FDA102393" box="[518,605,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">punctus</emphasis>
” is a Latin word meaning short spine, referring to the short spines in the middle of the ventral surface of metatarsus . The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD6543863CFFC65AF6FC30DD552528" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AF6FC30DD552528" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AF6FC30D90F23CB" bold="true" box="[199,322,987,1013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new genus can be distinguished from all other phrurolithid genera by absence of teeth on promargin and retromargin of chelicerae and presence of short, stout spines in the ventral, middle surface of metatarsus . The new genus is similar to
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B863CFFC65BD8FBCFDB772400" authority="C. L. Koch, 1839" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" box="[489,826,1060,1086]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Phrurolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65BD8FBCFDA3A2400" box="[489,631,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Phrurolithus</emphasis>
C.L. Koch,
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in having a large retroventral tibial apophysis, but can be distinguished by: 1) the presence of a dorsal tibial apophysis (vs without dorsal tibial apophysis, compare
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65F5DFBA3D88524B8" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 71C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65AE2FB87D94D24B8" box="[211,256,1132,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,184,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1071]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 76. Male left palp of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis; SD—sperm duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283985/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">76E</figureCitation>
with figs 2C, 3C, 4C in
<bibRefCitation id="DA764B39863CFFC6583CFB87DB6B24B8" author="Zamani, A. &amp; Marusik, Y. M." box="[525,806,1132,1158]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref42719" refString="Zamani, A. &amp; Marusik, Y. M. (2020) A survey of Phrurolithidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in southern Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4758 (2), 311 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4758.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">Zamani &amp; Marusik 2020</bibRefCitation>
); 2) the small, blunt, triangular-shaped tegular apophysis (vs rod-shaped, compare
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65B8DFB7BDA6B2494" box="[444,550,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 71B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65807FB7BDA282494" box="[566,613,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,184,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1071]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 76. Male left palp of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis; SD—sperm duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283985/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">76B</figureCitation>
with figs 3B, 4B in
<bibRefCitation id="DA764B39863CFFC6596AFB7BDC322494" author="Zamani, A. &amp; Marusik, Y. M." box="[859,1151,1168,1194]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref42719" refString="Zamani, A. &amp; Marusik, Y. M. (2020) A survey of Phrurolithidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in southern Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4758 (2), 311 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4758.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">Zamani &amp; Marusik 2020</bibRefCitation>
); 3) the large copulatory openings with sclerotized anterior margin, located in the middle of the epigynal plate (vs small, located at posterior of plate, compare
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65B6FFB33D98B24CC" box="[350,454,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 72. Epigyne of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 72A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC65BE0FB33DA4D24CC" box="[465,512,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-21@90.[183,1404,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 77. Epigyne of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view.Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283987/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">77A</figureCitation>
with fig. 2B in
<bibRefCitation id="DA764B39863CFFC6589AFB33DB0A24CC" author="Kamura, T." box="[683,839,1240,1266]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref41465" refString="Kamura, T. (2021) Three new genera of the family Phrurolithidae (Araneae) from East Asia. Acta Arachnologica, 70, 117 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 70.117" type="journal article" year="2021">Kamura 2021</bibRefCitation>
); and 4) the presence of iridescent scales on the dorsal body surfaces (vs without iridescent scales, compare
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC658DAFB17DB0D2528" box="[747,832,1276,1302]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 68. Iridescent scales of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male, carapace, dorsal view; B. Same, abdomen, dorsal view; C. Female, carapace, dorsal view; D. Same, abdomen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283967/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 68</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D863CFFC6597DFB10DB252528" box="[844,872,1275,1302]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@88.[177,1411,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 75. Iridescent scales of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Male, carapace, dorsal view; B. Same, abdomen, dorsal view; C. Female, carapace, dorsal view; D. Same, abdomen, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283983/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">75</figureCitation>
with fig. 15A, B in
<bibRefCitation id="DA764B39863CFFC65E78FB17DD402528" author="Wang, L. Y. &amp; Chen, H. M. &amp; Zhou, K. X. &amp; Zhang, F. &amp; Zhang, Z. S." box="[1097,1293,1275,1302]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="447 - 464" refId="ref42356" refString="Wang, L. Y., Chen, H. M., Zhou, K. X., Zhang, F. &amp; Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Diversity of spiders in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, I: Six new species of Phrurolithidae (Araneae). Zootaxa, 4012 (3), 447 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.3.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Wang
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65EA0FB17DC842528" box="[1169,1225,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD6543863CFFC65AF6FAF4DBC02730" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AF6FAF4DB622664" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AF6FAF4D9142507" bold="true" box="[199,345,1311,1337]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Description.</emphasis>
Small, total length
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. Carapace smooth, blackish-brown, widest at coxae II, highest near fovea, with sparse iridescent scales. Cervical groove inconspicuous. Fovea longitudinal, dark-red. PER slightly wider than AER. Eyes moderate in size. Chelicerae yellow, promargin and retromargin without teeth, with one long spine on anterior surface. Endites longer than wide, labium wider than long. Sternum yellow, smooth, without pattern, longer than wide, shield-shaped; precoxal triangles and intercoxal sclerites absent. Legs yellow to black; all femora with one spine and tibia tips with nearly white annuli; tibiae III usually with five to six proventral and retroventral spines; metatarsus III usually with three to four proventral spines and two to three retroventral spines; posterior legs lack spines; metatarsi III with distal preening brush. Leg formula: 4123. Abdomen oval, dorsum black, with dorsal scutum in males; venter yellow; colulus absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AF6F98FDBC02730" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Male palp: femur with well-developed femoral apophysis near middle; tibia with wide, large, strong retroventral tibial apophysis and strong dorsal tibial apophysis; embolus acicular-shaped; tegulum oval, tegular apophysis small; conductor present. Female epigyne: epigynal plate sclerotized; copulatory openings large and far apart, anterior margin sclerotized, located at middle of plate; median septum absent; spermathecae small, located posteriorly; glandular appendages absent; pair of round or oval bursa anteriorly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD6543863CFFC65AF6F8F3DC2A2768" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AF6F8F3DB5F270C" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" box="[199,786,1815,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AF6F8F3D92F270F" bold="true" box="[199,354,1815,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<typeStatus id="615C886A863CFFC65AF6F8F3D94F270C" box="[199,258,1816,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B863CFFC65B58F8F3DA46270C" box="[361,523,1816,1842]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65B58F8F3DA46270C" box="[361,523,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65822F8F3DA21270C" bold="true" box="[531,620,1816,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A1863CFFC65822F8F3DA21270C" box="[531,620,1816,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC6584CF8F3DB44270C" bold="true" box="[637,777,1816,1842]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ÁHƉflff</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE5836C8863CFFC65AF6F8D0DC2A2768" blockId="79.[151,1437,916,1878]" box="[199,1127,1851,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65AF6F8D0D92A276B" bold="true" box="[199,359,1851,1877]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Composition.</emphasis>
Two species,
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B863CFFC65834F8D7DAEA2768" box="[517,679,1852,1878]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65834F8D7DAEA2768" box="[517,679,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC6589FF8D7DB452768" bold="true" box="[686,776,1852,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A1863CFFC6589FF8D7DB452768" box="[686,776,1852,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B863CFFC6590FF8D7DC4D276B" box="[830,1024,1852,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoxian" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC6590FF8D7DC4D276B" box="[830,1024,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Punctus maoxian</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA863CFFC65E36F8D7DC2C2768" bold="true" box="[1031,1121,1852,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A1863CFFC65E36F8D7DC2C2768" box="[1031,1121,1852,1878]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>