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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-219-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" ModsDocID="1314-2003-219-145" checkinTime="1677023374729" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moonlight, Peter W. &amp; Cardoso, Domingos Benicio Oliveira Silva" docDate="2023" docId="D044E34F43485F7EB9A4911B8AF62E3E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 219: 145-170" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 219" docPubDate="2023-02-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779" docTitle="Keraunea Cheek &amp; Simão-Bianchini, Nord. J. Bot. 31: 454. 2013." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1677023374729" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moonlight, Peter W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4342-2089</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.moonlight@rbge.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Domingos Benicio Oliveira Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-2656</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>219</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>145</mods:start>
<mods:end>170</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-219-145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D044E34F43485F7EB9A4911B8AF62E3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D044E34F43485F7EB9A4911B8AF62E3E" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName LSID="D044E34F-4348-5F7E-B9A4-911B8AF62E3E" authority="Cheek &amp; Simao-Bianchini, Nord. J. Bot. 31: 454. 2013." authorityName="Cheek &amp; Simão-Bianchini, Nord. J. Bot. 31: 454. 2013." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
Keraunea Cheek &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simão-Bianchini">Simao-Bianchini</normalizedToken>
, Nord. J. Bot. 31: 454. 2013.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea brasiliensis" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheek &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simão-Bianchini">Simao-Bianchini</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Scandent shrubs or lianas. Stems woody, cylindrical, hollow, lacking lenticels. Stipules lacking. Leaves on the main stems alternate, simple, petiolate; margins entire; venation pinnate, camptodromous or brochododromous. Side shoots with 2-4 aborted leaves, then 2-6 progressively larger leaves along the shoot. Inflorescences terminal on side shoots, determinate, corymbose, with 3-6 flowers; bracteoles one per flower or rarely lacking, leaf-like, inserted halfway along the pedicel. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual. Calyx campanulate, fused at the base, alternating with the petals; aestivation imbricate. Corolla with the tube campanulate, fused at the base; aestivation imbricate. Stamens epipetalous, inserted at the base of the corolla tube, alternating with the petals; filaments free; anthers basifixed, introrse, dehiscing via lateral slits; connectives extended. Nectary disk present, at base of the ovary. Ovary superior, subglobose, 2-locular, the locules biovulate, each with one functional and one aborted ovule. Style single, with two apical stigmas. Fruit a dry, indehiscent drupe, usually inserted in the centre of the persistent and accrescent bracteole; calyx persistent; corolla caducous; style persistent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Brazil and thus far known from the states of Bahia (3 spp.),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo (1 sp.), Minas Gerais (1 sp.) and Rio de Janeiro (1 sp.). Each of the species is restricted to a single state except for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. capixaba" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capixaba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. capixaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is found in both Bahia and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of species of the genus Keraunea. Shading denotes elevation; two letter codes represent the standardised two letter codes for the states of Brazil. Species are coloured as follows: blue, K. brasiliensis Cheek &amp; Simao-Bianchini; black, K. bullata Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso; yellow, K. capixaba Lombardi; red, K. confusa Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso; green, K. velutina Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/813026" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/813026" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Distribution of species of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Shading denotes elevation; two letter codes represent the standardised two letter codes for the states of Brazil. Species are coloured as follows:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">blue</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. brasiliensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheek &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simão-Bianchini">Simao-Bianchini</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">black</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. bullata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moonlight &amp; D.B.O.S.Cardoso;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">yellow</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. capixaba" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capixaba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. capixaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lombardi;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">red</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. confusa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moonlight &amp; D.B.O.S.Cardoso;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">green</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. velutina" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moonlight &amp; D.B.O.S.Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
Two species are known from seasonally dry forest within the Caatinga domain (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. brasiliensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. confusa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); two from humid forests within the Mata
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlântica">Atlantica</normalizedToken>
domain (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. capixaba" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capixaba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. capixaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. velutina" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and a fifth from transitional, semi-deciduous forests between the Caatinga and Mata
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlântica">Atlantica</normalizedToken>
domains (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. bullata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The genus has a marked preference for rock outcrops or forest on rocky soils. Both
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. brasiliensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. confusa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found mostly on karstic outcrops, while
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. capixaba" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capixaba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. capixaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. velutina" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. velutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have both been collected at the base of granitic inselbergs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
The epithet derives from the Greek, keraunos, or lightning bolt. This was intended to signify the unexpected but now disproven appearance of a neuropeltoid genus of the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
in the Americas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="453 - 457" refId="B2" refString="Cheek, M, Simao-Bianchini, R, 2013. Keraunea gen. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from Brazil. Nordic Journal of Botany 31 (4): 453 - 457, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" title="Keraunea gen. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" volume="31" year="2013">
Cheek and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simão-Bianchini">Simao-Bianchini</normalizedToken>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
treated the flower and fruit of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being inserted at the centre of a large, leaf-like bract. This
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘bract’">'bract'</normalizedToken>
is inserted halfway up and adnate to the pedicel, so we instead follow
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1.4" author="Lombardi, JA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="54 - 58" refId="B13" refString="Lombardi, JA, 2014. The second known species of the recently described genus Keraunea (Convolvulaceae). Phytotaxa 181 (1): 54 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1.4" title="The second known species of the recently described genus Keraunea (Convolvulaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1.4" volume="181" year="2014">Lombardi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
and treat it as a bracteole rather than a bract.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="identification notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Identification notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are distinctive in being semi-scandent shrubs or lianas with simple, alternate, exstipulate leaves and inflorescences terminal on foliose side shoots. The flowers and fruits are highly unusual in being inserted at and appearing to arise from the centre of an accrescent bracteole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
Several specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were erroneously identified as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Bougainvillea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bougainvillea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Bougainvillea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Comm. ex Juss. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nyctaginaceae</taxonomicName>
), which is understandable, as both genera have exstipulate leaves, a semi-lianescent habit, and flowers and fruits associated with showy bracts or bracteoles.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are however never spinescent, and the flowers and fruits are inserted directly onto the bract, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Bougainvillea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bougainvillea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Bougainvillea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
several flowers or fruits are clustered on a pedunculate inflorescence surrounded by two or more bracts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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