589 lines
64 KiB
XML
589 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="CEB40A90BB14D4D47F3716F32A11D8A4" ID-CLB-Dataset="8606" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4840.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8389bc68-68da-4a1e-b8ed-b2b65f252a5e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4405544" ID-ZooBank="56993BCA-1A3E-415E-A765-0D55AB3E7A97" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609417657697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bratt, Albertus D., Knutson, Lloyd V., Murphy, William L. & Daniels, Anthony A." docDate="2020" docId="7170D74F6A1EFFCAFF4FFE898FFCDA79" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4840.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4840 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Colobaea punctata 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="8D49AF376A02FFD7FFD8FFA88E25DC18" masterDocTitle="Biology, immature stages, and systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Colobaea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with overviews of aspects of the tribe Sciomyzini" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698850318372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="53559562ECEA9F64AE498F3ED808C19F">
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<mods:title id="FDA4166E48D8DADF561EF3870A3BB50C">Biology, immature stages, and systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Colobaea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with overviews of aspects of the tribe Sciomyzini</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="574A1EBE165AD9F39A9326CF84BBE498">Bratt, Albertus D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5661665DC4D1D9DB516449B5AA4EEF06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F238674BB3DDE33A89B953EAF8ED19AB">Knutson, Lloyd V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B0256EEAB1DC36C890B9A7C643499BCC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0F1ECFD90ED7EAC08FEEB6B5C1C11FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="042C5D9FACAC77CB03023245850B3C8C">Murphy, William L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="027B383E2AF8D9C0602B4C1BFA39343F">Daniels, Anthony A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="69286606C877D0D43F1DE524A4D84C6C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0085-6998</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E419E09DADC90113D5FE865D9F8F7E49" type="email">anthonydaniels71@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9C6E6AF314F5B6E377D26F0665D99AC6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="184107868F7A2D6DBD240B6F4C21AADD">
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<mods:date id="524E8B6B2A448A3B7B1AB7F967A8F1A5">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C82B9398DAA2799495630A0F15FFCE1">2020-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B7D196FED5E4E285DB3FCB78FC66FD05" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="421ECC7D5A342FEB451DC22D597A4926">4840</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7170D74F6A1EFFCAFF4FFE898FFCDA79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4478732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177136964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4478732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7170D74F6A1EFFCAFF4FFE898FFCDA79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7170D74F6A1EFFCAFF4FFE898FFCDA79" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF4FFE898C7BDD23" box="[151,606,289,316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF4FFE898C7BDD23" blockId="28.[151,609,289,386]" box="[151,606,289,316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="A22ED1356A1EFFCBFF4FFE898C7BDD23" bold="true" box="[151,606,289,316]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFF4FFE898C7BDD23" ID-CoL="X5WG" authority="(Lundbeck), 1923" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,606,289,316]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFF4FFE898C7BDD23" bold="true" box="[151,606,289,316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFF4FFE898F5EDD24" bold="true" box="[151,379,289,316]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colobaea punctata</emphasis>
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(Lundbeck), 1923
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF4FFEED8F0FDE6B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF4FFEED8ECBDD47" blockId="28.[151,609,289,386]" box="[151,238,324,351]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<figureCitation id="61E27ADC6A1EFFCBFF4FFEED8ECBDD47" box="[151,238,324,351]" captionStart="MAP 15" captionStartId="53.[151,207,1991,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1111,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-31@53.[151,1436,1111,1968]" captionText="MAP 15. Geographic range of Colobaea punctata (Lundbeck)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4478725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4478725/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Map 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF4FFECF8C44DD9A" blockId="28.[151,609,289,386]" box="[151,609,359,386]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">(BNN 6411; FT 6411, 6416, 6419–6420)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF4FFE048F0FDE6B" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Adult flies of
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFEE8FE048C20DDDE" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[304,517,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFEE8FE048C20DDDE" box="[304,517,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colobaea punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFCE0FE048DE2DDDE" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[824,967,428,455]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCE0FE048D6EDDDE" box="[824,843,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC8FFE048DE2DDDE" box="[855,967,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pectoralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but differ noticeably in the extent of black pigmentation on the pleura and in characters of the male postabdomen. Adult flies of
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFBBFFE678ACEDDF0" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1127,1259,463,489]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFBBFFE678A5FDDF1" box="[1127,1146,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB51FE678ACEDDF0" box="[1161,1259,463,488]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a discrete black spot below the anterior notopleural seta, whereas those of
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFCA9FE5A8A26DE13" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[881,1027,497,524]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCA9FE5A8DA1DE14" box="[881,900,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC4BFE598A26DE13" box="[915,1027,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pectoralis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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have a black stripe extending along the upper margin of the mesopleuron to the base of the wing (see photograph at https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFE51FD9F8FD1DE4A" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[393,500,567,594]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colobaea</taxonomicName>
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_punctata.jpg).
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<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFD46FD9F8D7ADE49" author="Rozkosny, R." box="[670,863,566,593]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="334 - 343" refId="ref45814" refString="Rozkosny, R. (1959) Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der Familie Sciomyzidae (Diptera) in Schlesien. Prirodovedn y Casopis Slezsky, 20, 334 - 343." type="journal article" year="1959">Rozkošný (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFC4CFD9F8A44DE49" author="Rivosecchi, L." box="[916,1121,567,593]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref45769" refString="Rivosecchi, L. (1992) Diptera Sciomyzidae. Vol. 30. 1 st Edition. In: Fauna D'Italia. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1 - xi + 1 - 270, 23 pls., 152 figs." type="journal article" year="1992">Rivosecchi (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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both provided a figure of an adult female.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF1FFDD58AFDD82E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FFDD58ED4DFB3" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<typeStatus id="2662D8FB6A1EFFCBFF1FFDD58EDADE8F" box="[199,255,637,663]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFEBFFDD48C12DE8F" author="Rozkosny, R." box="[359,567,636,663]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref45972" refString="Rozkosny, R. (1984 b) The Sciomyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. 14. Scandinavian Science Press, Leiden and Copenhagen, 224 pp." type="book" year="1984">Rozkošný (1984b)</bibRefCitation>
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noted, “The type-series [in MZLU] consists of
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<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFB8BFDD48A92DE8E" box="[1107,1207,636,662]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFB37FDD48B48DE8E" box="[1263,1389,636,662]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
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, but only four of them have locality labels (Donse and Damhusmosen in
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFC40FD378A20DEA2" box="[920,1029,671,698]" name="Denmark" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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)” [bogs near Hillerød and Copenhagen, Zealand,
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFEEBFD698F87DEC4" box="[307,418,705,732]" name="Denmark" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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]. Although
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFDC7FD6A8C84DEC3" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[543,673,706,732]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDC7FD6A8C17DEC4" box="[543,562,706,732]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDE7FD6A8C84DEC3" box="[575,673,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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seems to have about the same northern limits (Jakobstad,
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFAF8FD698B52DEC4" box="[1312,1399,705,732]" name="Finland" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Finland</collectingCountry>
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) as the closely related
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFEB2FD4C8FDEDEE6" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[362,507,740,767]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFEB2FD4C8F58DEE6" box="[362,381,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE53FD4C8FDEDEE6" box="[395,507,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, it extends much farther south, with a southeastern extension that is fairly continuous to Lake
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<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFEC6FCAF8F47DF39" box="[286,354,775,801]" country="Macedonia" name="Ohrid" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ohrid</collectingRegion>
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, which lies between North
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFD57FCAF8D2EDF39" box="[655,779,775,801]" name="Macedonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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and eastern
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFC4CFCAF8DD5DF39" box="[916,1008,775,801]" name="Albania" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Albania</collectingCountry>
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. We have seen
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<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFB4FFCAF8A9FDF39" box="[1175,1210,775,801]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
of
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<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFB06FCAF8B45DF38" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1246,1376,775,801]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB06FCAF8AD4DF39" box="[1246,1265,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB26FCAF8B45DF38" box="[1278,1376,775,800]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFF4FFC818EC2DF5B" box="[151,231,809,835]" name="Turkey" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(Finike,
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<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFE93FC818F8CDF5C" box="[331,425,809,836]" country="Turkey" name="Antalya" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Antalya</collectingRegion>
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||
);
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<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFE64FC818FFADF5B" box="[444,479,809,835]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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||
from the northern Negev,
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFCDFFC818D6CDF5B" box="[775,841,809,835]" name="Israel" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Israel</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFC8CFC818D52DF5B" box="[852,887,809,835]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
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<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFC64FC828DCCDF5C" box="[956,1001,810,836]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFC2FFC818AA3DF5B" box="[1015,1158,809,835]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mazanderan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1EFFCBFB49FC818AFDDF5B" box="[1169,1240,809,836]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
west of Gorgan);
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFF4FFCE48E9FDF7E" box="[151,186,844,870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFF2BFCE48F33DF7F" box="[243,278,844,871]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from Atvasar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFE18FCE48C63DF7E" box="[448,582,844,870]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFD5BFCE48C83DF7E" box="[643,678,844,870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from Bala Murghab
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFC4EFCE58DF2DF7F" box="[918,983,845,871]" country="Afghanistan" name="Herat" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Herat</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFBACFCE48AD8DF7E" box="[1140,1277,844,870]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFAD5FCE48F1CDF92" author="Rozkosny, R. & Knutson, L." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref46261" refString="Rozkosny, R. & Knutson, L. (2006) Two new species of Euthycera Latreille with records of Central Asian Sciomyzidae (Diptera). Folia Heyrovskyana, Series A, 4, 155 - 169." type="journal article" year="2006">Rozkošný & Knutson 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFE92FCC78C52DF91" author="Rozkosny, R. & Elberg, K." box="[330,631,879,905]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref46155" refString="Rozkosny, R. & Elberg, K. (1991) Two new species of Colobaea Zetterstedt (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) from Palaearctic Asia. Aquatic Insects, 13 (1), 55 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429109361423" type="journal article" year="1991">Rozkošný & Elberg (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the species from “eastern Siberia” without providing a specific locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FFC1D8AFDD82E" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
LVK reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFE8DFC1C8FFCDFD6" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[341,473,948,975]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE8DFC1C8F4DDFD6" box="[341,360,948,974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFEAFFC1D8FFCDFD6" box="[375,473,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFD4DFC1C8CF0DFD6" box="[661,725,948,974]" name="Spain" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Adra, near Almeria). The record from Almeria (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED009E6A1EFFCBFADFFC1C8B60DFD6" box="[1287,1349,948,974]" degrees="37" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55555" value="37.0">37°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) on the Mediterranean Sea is about
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1EFFCBFE01FC7F8C18DFE9" box="[473,573,983,1009]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="1100.0">1100 km</quantity>
|
||
south of the previously known southernmost locality (Montpellier,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFA90FC7F8BBDDFE9" box="[1352,1432,983,1009]" name="France" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED009E6A1EFFCBFF4FFC518ECCD80C" box="[151,233,1017,1044]" degrees="43.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="5555" value="43.5">43.5°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in western Europe.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFE0CFC518C50D80B" author="Becker, T." box="[468,629,1017,1043]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="67 - 195" refId="ref43017" refString="Becker, T. (1903) Aegyptische Dipteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2 (3), 67 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830020301" type="journal article" year="1903">Becker (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD3FFC528D5DD80B" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[743,888,1017,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD3FFC528CDFD80C" box="[743,762,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCD0FC518D5DD80B" box="[776,888,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFC66FC518DDAD80B" box="[958,1023,1017,1043]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cairo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFBD2FC528A75D80C" box="[1034,1104,1018,1044]" name="Egypt" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but that was before
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFAE3FC528EE6D82E" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFAE3FC528B6BD80C" box="[1339,1358,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFA84FC528EE6D82E" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been described; thus his record may have been based on a specimen of the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF1FFB978D5AD865" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FFB978D5AD865" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Laboratory rearings and observations are based on adult flies reared from puparia found in shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFACEFB978BB9D841" box="[1302,1436,1087,1113]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFACEFB978BB9D841" box="[1302,1436,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected between
|
||
<date id="8D6740996A1EFFCBFEB0FBCA8CF4D865" box="[360,721,1122,1149]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1964-02-15" valueMax="1964-03-20" valueMin="1964-02-15">15 February and 20 March 1964</date>
|
||
at Adra,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFCE0FBCB8D5ED865" box="[824,891,1123,1149]" name="Spain" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF1FFB2D8ABCD977" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FFB2D8ABCD977" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The habitat distribution of the adult flies seems to be quite broad. Adult flies were collected along the partly shaded margin of a small lake (Wienerwald See) near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1EFFCBFCCBFB008D40D8DA" box="[787,869,1192,1218]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vienna</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFCAAFB008DE1D8DA" box="[882,964,1192,1218]" name="Austria" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(C.O. Berg
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB80FB018AB2D8DA" box="[1112,1175,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">in litt</emphasis>
|
||
. to LVK).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFAC2FB008BB9D8DB" author="Coe, R. L." box="[1306,1436,1192,1219]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="181 - 206" refId="ref43551" refString="Coe, R. L. (1958) Diptera taken in Jugoslavia from May to July, 1955, with localities and notes. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle Belgrade, Series B, 12, 181 - 206." type="journal article" year="1958">Coe (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1EFFCBFEDAFB638F00D8FD" box="[258,293,1227,1253]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
“swept from vegetation by lake” at Lake Ohrid. Specimens in the ZMUC were collected in bogs in Zealand,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFF27FB458F4FD91F" box="[255,362,1261,1287]" name="Denmark" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and at a millrace pond in Jutland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFD35FB458D7CD91F" box="[749,857,1261,1287]" name="Denmark" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFCBAFB458A06D91F" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[866,1059,1261,1287]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref45158" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1923) Some remarks on the biology of the Sciomyzidae together with the description of a new species of Ctenulus from Denmark. Videnskabelig Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 76, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1923">Lundbeck (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found puparia in shells of several freshwater snails floating in spring flood refuse in Danish ponds and bogs. ADB and LVK discovered puparia in many shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFEE6FA9B8FE1D955" box="[318,452,1331,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFEE6FA9B8FE1D955" box="[318,452,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found floating among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD18FA9B8D26D955" box="[704,771,1331,1357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD18FA9B8D26D955" box="[704,771,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFCC9FA9B8D7AD954" box="[785,863,1331,1356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCC9FA9B8D7AD954" box="[785,863,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Juncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and hygrophilous grasses emerging through
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1EFFCBFA8EFA9A8E9CD968" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
of water along the exposed shore of a small lake in the Albufera de Adra at Adra,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1EFFCBFB89FAFD8AB1D977" box="[1105,1172,1365,1391]" name="Spain" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCBFF1FFAD08A5FDABF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FFAD08C2ADA05" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Adult flies mated within 24 hours after emergence from puparia and continued to mate from 9 March until 14 May, throughout the entire time during which the cultures of flies were maintained. The copulatory posture of the adult flies was found to be typical of that of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD25FA158DABD9CF" box="[765,910,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
[described above under “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFB6AFA158F1ED9E2" authority="(Fallen), 1820" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciella">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB6AFA158BB8D9CF" box="[1202,1437,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colobaea bifasciella</emphasis>
|
||
(Fallén), 1820
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”] and not unusual as in the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFCC1FA488D8CD9E2" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[793,937,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCC1FA488D09D9E2" box="[793,812,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCE1FA488D8CD9E2" box="[825,937,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">pectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even very gravid females were observed to copulate for long periods of time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCBFF1FF98D8A5FDABF" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Females that emerged between 29 February and 18 April first oviposited as early as four days after emergence and at the latest within 17 days after emergence. They laid eggs between 14 March and 26 May on damp or wet vegetation or cotton in the breeding jars but laid no eggs on living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFC59F9C38A22DA9D" box="[897,1031,1643,1669]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC59F9C38A22DA9D" box="[897,1031,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were also kept in the jars. Eggs hatched between 16 March and 30 May after incubation periods of 2–4 days at 19–21°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1EFFCAFF1FF9188BAED91F" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1EFFCAFF1FF9188A3CDCCB" blockId="28.[151,1437,428,2016]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Of the five reared species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFDD3F9188C5DDAD2" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[523,632,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDD3F9188C5DDAD2" box="[523,632,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colobaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD5EF9188D2CDAD2" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[646,777,1712,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD5EF9188CBCDAD2" box="[646,665,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD7FF9198D2CDAD2" box="[679,777,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have the broadest food range.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1EFFCBFB03F9188BB9DAD2" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[1243,1436,1712,1738]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref45158" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1923) Some remarks on the biology of the Sciomyzidae together with the description of a new species of Ctenulus from Denmark. Videnskabelig Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 76, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1923">Lundbeck (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote, “This species I have bred from several snails, most often from young specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFB4CF97B8B50DAF5" authority="planorbis" box="[1172,1397,1747,1773]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB4CF97B8B50DAF5" box="[1172,1397,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Planorbis planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., and further from
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE84F95E8F54DB17" box="[348,369,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P.</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFE5AF95D8FD5DB17" box="[386,496,1781,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE5AF95D8FD5DB17" box="[386,496,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFDDAF95D8CA0DB17" authority="Mull." authorityName="Mull." box="[514,645,1781,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="albus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDDAF95D8C1ADB17" box="[514,575,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">albus</emphasis>
|
||
Müll.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and from youngs (
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFCB8F95E8D5ADB17" box="[864,895,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sic</emphasis>
|
||
) of
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC68F95E8DE3DB17" box="[944,966,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P.</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFC0FF95D8A49DB17" box="[983,1132,1781,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC0FF95D8A49DB17" box="[983,1132,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Planorbarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFBA6F95E8AF2DB17" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1150,1239,1782,1807]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFBA6F95E8AF2DB17" box="[1150,1239,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">corneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFF4FF8B18C37DB2A" box="[151,530,1817,1843]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ovata" variety="peregra">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFF4FF8B18F64DB2A" box="[151,321,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lymnaea ovata</emphasis>
|
||
Drap. var.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE62F8B18C37DB2A" box="[442,530,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">peregra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFDF8F8B18C5EDB2A" box="[544,635,1817,1842]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDF8F8B18C5EDB2A" box="[544,635,1817,1842]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">L. ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD48F8B08D16DB2A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[656,819,1816,1842]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balthica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD48F8B08D16DB2A" box="[656,819,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Radix balthica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.)].” In contrast to Lundberg’s experience, all puparia found at Adra were in shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFE2FF8938C58DB4D" box="[503,637,1851,1877]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFE2FF8938C58DB4D" box="[503,637,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Small individuals of other species of aquatic snails [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFB0CF8938BB3DB4D" box="[1236,1430,1851,1877]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="truncatula">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB0CF8938BB3DB4D" box="[1236,1430,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galba truncatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFF4FF8F58FFADB60" authority="(Draparnaud)" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,479,1885,1912]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFF4FF8F58F18DB6F" box="[151,317,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Physella acuta</emphasis>
|
||
(Draparnaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFDC1F8F68CB4DB6F" box="[537,657,1886,1911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregra">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFDC1F8F68CB4DB6F" box="[537,657,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">R. peregra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] were abundant at Adra, but no puparia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFBAEF8F68ADCDB6F" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1142,1273,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFBAEF8F68AACDB60" box="[1142,1161,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB4FF8F68ADCDB6F" box="[1175,1273,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in shells of those species. During laboratory rearings, however, many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFC5EF8288A2DDB82" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[902,1032,1920,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC5EF8288DBCDB82" box="[902,921,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFC7EF8298A2DDB82" box="[934,1032,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae killed, consumed, and developed to pupariation solely on those species of snails. Larvae also killed and consumed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFBA0F80B8AFBDBA4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeues" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1144,1246,1955,1981]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vortex">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFBA0F80B8AFBDBA4" box="[1144,1246,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. vortex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFB36F80B8B5DDBA4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1262,1400,1955,1980]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Bathyomphalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="contortus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFB36F80B8B5DDBA4" box="[1262,1400,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. contortus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFA50F80B8F2CDBC7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFA50F80B8F20DBC7" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">P. planorbis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFEC8F86E8C5FDBF8" authority="(O. F. Muller)" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" box="[272,634,1989,2016]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Segmentina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFEC8F86E8FFEDBC7" box="[272,475,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Segmentina nitida</emphasis>
|
||
(O.F. Müller)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1EFFCBFD6CF86E8D17DBC7" box="[692,818,1989,2016]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Stagnicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1EFFCBFD6CF86E8D17DBC7" box="[692,818,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">S. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A few larvae attacked but did not kill small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFF6CFF3F8F45DCA8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[180,352,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Succineidae" genus="Succinea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="putris">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFF6CFF3F8F45DCA8" box="[180,352,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Succinea putris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1FFFCAFE19FF3F8C08DCA9" box="[449,557,151,177]" name="Denmark" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They did not attack “
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFCC6FF3F8DC8DCA9" box="[798,1005,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFCC6FF3F8DC7DCA9" box="[798,994,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Phystra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myosotis">Phystra myosotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFBCAFF3F8BB3DCA9" authority="(Draparnaud)" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1042,1430,150,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Myosotella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ellobiida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="myosotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFBCAFF3F8AD3DCA8" box="[1042,1270,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Myosotella myosotis</emphasis>
|
||
(Draparnaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1FFFCAFF0CFF118F12DCCB" box="[212,311,185,211]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Valencia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1FFFCAFE9BFF118FA3DCCB" box="[323,390,185,211]" name="Spain" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, nor did any first-instar larvae initially feed on dead snails.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFF748B5FDF39" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Newly hatched larvae crawled about actively and readily attacked snails. The methods of attack and feeding were similar for all species of snails consumed, but most of the detailed observations were made with small (about 5-mm-diam.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFEECFE8A8F99DD23" box="[308,444,289,315]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFEECFE8A8F99DD23" box="[308,444,289,315]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and small (about
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1FFFCAFD52FE898CE9DD24" box="[650,716,289,316]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFCCFFE8A8D57DD23" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[791,882,290,315]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFCCFFE8A8D57DD23" box="[791,882,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each snail observed during the rearings was attacked by a single first-instar larva; in crowded rearing containers, as many as 15 first-instar larvae would attack a single snail. It appeared that the young larvae fed on mucus, hemolymph, or extrapallial fluid rather than on snail tissues. An hour or so after the initial contact, depending upon the size of the host and the number of larvae that attacked it, the snail gradually began to retreat into its shell. The larvae followed, feeding at the edges of the mantle and foot. By the second day of feeding, the quiescent snail had withdrawn completely into its shell, and the larvae had penetrated between the mantle and shell until only their posterior spiracles remained exposed. A 5-mm-diam.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFA50FE5A8F27DE36" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFA50FE5A8F27DE36" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that had been attacked by 10 first-instar larvae lived for three days after the initial attack. A 3-mm-long
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFA50FDBD8EF0DE48" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFA50FDBD8EF0DE48" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lived for five days after being attacked by three first-instar larvae. Larvae continued to feed in the decaying tissues even after the tissues had become black and putrid until most of the contents of the shells had been consumed. Larval feeding appeared to be unaffected by the large populations of nematodes that often developed in the putrid snails. Older larvae attacked vigorously, immediately penetrated between the shell and the mantle in the acute corner of the aperture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFE77FD6A8C2DDEC3" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[431,520,706,731]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFE77FD6A8C2DDEC3" box="[431,520,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and killed the snail within a few hours. The larvae killed and partially consumed a second and even a third snail if the first snail had not provided sufficient nourishment for completion of larval development. The total duration of larval life for 19 individuals was 9–16 days (average 10.3 days) at 19–22°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFC828C24D82E" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFEE1FC828F9EDF5B" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[313,443,810,836]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFEE1FC828F69DF5C" box="[313,332,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFE81FC828F9EDF5B" box="[345,443,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reared to pupariation on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFCD6FC828DB1DF5B" box="[782,916,809,835]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFCD6FC828DB1DF5B" box="[782,916,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFC79FC828DDFDF5B" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[929,1018,810,835]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFC79FC828DDFDF5B" box="[929,1018,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFBEEFC828A91DF5B" box="[1078,1204,809,836]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Stagnicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFBEEFC828A91DF5B" box="[1078,1204,809,836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most larvae pupariated within shells even if copious liquefied tissue remained in the aperture. Only one puparium was formed in each shell. A few larvae pupariated on or under damp cotton or moss in the rearing containers. Shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFB3CFCC78B4FDF91" box="[1252,1386,879,905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFB3CFCC78B4FDF91" box="[1252,1386,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected at Adra that contained puparia were
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1FFFCAFDA0FC398CDADFB4" box="[632,767,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="3.3">3.3–7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Pupariating larvae excreted a small quantity of septum material, but on no occasion was the material formed into even a rudimentary septum as with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFADCFC1C8BB9DFD6" box="[1284,1436,948,974]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFADCFC1C8BB9DFD6" box="[1284,1436,948,974]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFE5CFC7F8FDFDFE9" box="[388,506,983,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Pherbellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFE5CFC7F8FDFDFE9" box="[388,506,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pherbellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the laboratory, 24 puparia were formed between
|
||
<date id="8D6740996A1FFFCAFB89FC7F8BBDDFE9" box="[1105,1432,982,1009]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-03-28" valueMax="1964-04-25" valueMin="1964-03-28">28 March and 25 April 1964</date>
|
||
, from which
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFEFAFC518F5AD80B" box="[290,383,1017,1043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="adult">19 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
flies (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFE11FC518FD9D80B" box="[457,508,1017,1043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFDD1FC518C09D80B" box="[521,556,1017,1043]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">9♂</specimenCount>
|
||
) emerged between 12 April and 12 May after puparial periods of 15–20 days (average 17.4 days) at 19–22°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFB978BAED91F" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFF1FFB978FBCD840" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[199,409,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFF1FFB978FBCD840" box="[199,409,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colobaea punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="49B16C046A1FFFCAFE47FB978BA2D91F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027114322" collectingDate="1964-02-15" collectingDateMax="1964-03-20" collectingDateMin="1964-02-15" collectionCode="LVK" country="Denmark" location="From" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="198" specimenCount-adult="99" specimenCount-female="46" specimenCount-male="53">
|
||
apparently overwinters in the puparium.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1FFFCAFC83FB978A3CD841" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[859,1049,1087,1113]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref45158" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1923) Some remarks on the biology of the Sciomyzidae together with the description of a new species of Ctenulus from Denmark. Videnskabelig Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 76, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1923">Lundbeck (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared adult flies from puparia collected in the spring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1FFFCAFE4AFBC98FD9D863" box="[402,508,1121,1147]" name="Denmark" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="FC0630826A1FFFCAFDDFFBCA8C66D864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7170D74F6A1EFFCAFF4FFE898FFCDA79:FC0630826A1FFFCAFDDFFBCA8C66D864" box="[519,579,1122,1148]" country="Denmark" name="From" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">From</location>
|
||
152 puparia that
|
||
<collectionCode id="9FC8FE9C6A1FFFCAFCD0FBCA8D1BD864" box="[776,830,1122,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">LVK</collectionCode>
|
||
collected between
|
||
<date id="8D6740996A1FFFCAFBCDFBC98B5AD863" box="[1045,1407,1121,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-02-15" valueMax="1964-03-20" valueMin="1964-02-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23B9716A1FFFCAFBCDFBC98B5AD863" box="[1045,1407,1121,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-02-15" valueMax="1964-03-20" valueMin="1964-02-15">
|
||
15 February and 20 March
|
||
<quantity id="3E21CBBC6A1FFFCAFA90FBC98B5AD863" box="[1352,1407,1121,1147]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98856" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="1964.0">1964</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1FFFCAFF23FB2C8F1CD886" box="[251,313,1156,1182]" name="Spain" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
in shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFE64FB2D8C1AD886" box="[444,575,1156,1182]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Planorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFE64FB2D8C1AD886" box="[444,575,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. planorbis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFD93FB2C8C81D886" box="[587,676,1156,1182]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="adult">99 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
flies (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFD3FFB2C8D3CD886" box="[743,793,1156,1182]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">46♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFCFCFB2C8D70D887" box="[804,853,1156,1183]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">53♂</specimenCount>
|
||
) emerged between 29 February and 17 June. Females emerged between 9 March and 18 April, 5–45 days (average 16.3 days) after the puparia had been collected, and males emerged between 29 February and 17 July, 6–89 days (average 18.2 days) after the puparia had been collected.
|
||
<collectionCode id="9FC8FE9C6A1FFFCAFABEFB628BB9D8FC" box="[1382,1436,1226,1252]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">LVK</collectionCode>
|
||
encountered neither adult flies nor other immature stages at Adra even when great numbers of puparia were present
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1FFFCAFF1FFAA78F36D954" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFAA78F36D954" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Of 40 laboratory-reared adult flies,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFD8AFAA78CA6D931" box="[594,643,1295,1321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">19♂</specimenCount>
|
||
lived 4–26 days (average 14.0 days) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFB96FAA78A5AD931" box="[1102,1151,1295,1321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">21♀</specimenCount>
|
||
lived 7–31 days (average 15.0 days).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C335D26A1FFFCAFF1FFAFD8FFCDA79" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFAFD8B53D9CE" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Data from capture records of adult flies extend from 8 April (Finike,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DA8BB6A1FFFCAFC11FAFC8A01D976" box="[969,1060,1364,1390]" country="Turkey" name="Antalya" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Antalya</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE26C96A1FFFCAFBF7FAFC8AA4D977" box="[1071,1153,1364,1391]" name="Turkey" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to 26 September (Berlin area;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1FFFCAFF0BFADF8FADD989" author="Kassebeer, C. F." box="[211,392,1399,1425]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="65 - 108" refId="ref44568" refString="Kassebeer, C. F. (2001) Die Hornfliegen in the Berlin area. Dipteron, 4 (1), 65 - 108." type="journal article" year="2001">Kassebeer 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In his study of the flight periods and voltinism of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFC07FADF8A55D989" box="[991,1136,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as based on museum material,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1FFFCAFF12FA318F77D9AC" author="Soos, A." box="[202,338,1433,1460]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="101 - 150" refId="ref46505" refString="Soos, A. (1958) Ist das Insektenmaterial der Museen fur ethologische und okologische Untersuchungen verwendbar? Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 32, 101 - 150." type="journal article" year="1958">Soós (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFADD06A1FFFCAFE19FA318C7DD9AB" box="[449,600,1433,1459]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFDA5FA328CDAD9AB" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[637,767,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFDA5FA328CDAD9AB" box="[637,767,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected between 15 July and 17 September. He concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFF10FA148F6ED9CE" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[200,331,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFF10FA148EFED9CE" box="[200,219,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFF31FA158F6ED9CE" box="[233,331,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species “die sicher nur einer Generation besitzt” [“which surely has only one generation”].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96666596A1FFFCAFF1FFA778FFCDA79" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1633]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D481BA86A1FFFCAFF1FFA778FA2D9E1" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[199,391,1503,1529]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref45158" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1923) Some remarks on the biology of the Sciomyzidae together with the description of a new species of Ctenulus from Denmark. Videnskabelig Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 76, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1923">Lundbeck (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that he “reared a Cryptine and a Chalcidid from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFC3DFA778A99D9E0" box="[997,1212,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Ctenulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFC3DFA778A99D9E0" box="[997,1212,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ctenulus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in all cases a single parasite from each pupa.” Sixteen of 152 puparia collected at Adra produced a single parasitic wasp (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFB22F9A98BBCDA03" box="[1274,1433,1537,1563]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFF4FF98C8F07DA27" box="[151,290,1572,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The wasps emerged between 19 March and 26 May, 15–67 days after the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED91DDA6A1FFFCAFBBFF98C8ACCDA26" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1127,1257,1572,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Colobaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFBBFF98C8A5FDA26" box="[1127,1146,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADBA4B6A1FFFCAFB5FF98D8ACCDA26" box="[1159,1257,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
puparia harboring them had been collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |