279 lines
31 KiB
XML
279 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="144D5F59CE7541DFCB7ED0AB817C49DC" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F423FFDBC1FCFBC0FD86E613" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dictyonema umbricola V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="218" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="E82339585E177C5A603B99CF418FF594" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="69A28D9030A47AD8DF4C39838FDFD486">
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<mods:title id="27425C89D214390DBD1371A3EAA4A8F1">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E636C553FD17ABBA1E619DFBB104CF71" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BF1D8A38902D4B55B25D4DDAF94051CF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="71C30F189476C8DD9DBA77A4340B1249">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6EF0B168822B4132A45209D373F9004E">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3587BAD5D6B1A6A6808AD2355C3C9EFD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="467578EEC0B9A3B1221F51502E1D24F2">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias & Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="213B35751EE5ECE96045152F28E8242A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D0A75C1B4A8EEE46FB81D4A518D12EBC">
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<mods:title id="51E3DC0D7EE5D5124FFAAEF82095C2B6">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="42DD6A3924F14874ACC4960FD2123FBB">
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<mods:date id="82A159938FD98D5FECFC87DB20D5DED6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1413DF7FCFD672836A32B634D78B3B56" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="84B92E6017B33AE6AF5B98C3B575826A">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="373BA8D95819294C35BB47DFF462ABD4">574</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0BDCA5CA37DF9076F093AD6749BB656E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="61A89082A08FE88C9088A8FE5798C3C0">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E4EC37AB3E798B70CCA7C59F60B5C9BE">199</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7E2B7F9711800852EC411751E7AF5C22">225</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="63819F7CB2E2B27FC38248929A9C2094">
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<mods:url id="9F886B66E814D0D7B56F807DA98C96FF">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="71AEEB502707685651819A34821B4F42">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EC0A7A61D61304DDE287D971823149F" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9EF6A05E58A3148253E4BA381E8F4BB9" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8837D32BC0C30C6651DAB8B7291052F7" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E99D6EC3770709C10EFA640953922449" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B7AF23A534DE48ACD1D2162F8B28EA6" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6E2A87A9F423FFDBC1FCFBC0FD86E613" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386648" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F423FFDBC1FCFBC0FD86E613" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F423FFDBC1FCFBC0FD86E613" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1FCFBC0FC89E060" box="[136,780,1024,1051]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1FCFBC0FC89E060" blockId="19.[136,780,1024,1086]" box="[136,780,1024,1051]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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8)
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF423FFDDC1D2FBC1FDBCE060" ID-CoL="B2X6H" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,569,1024,1051]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="umbricola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC1D2FBC1FE2BE060" bold="true" box="[166,430,1024,1051]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Dictyonema umbricola</emphasis>
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V. Marcano
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F423FFDDC331FBC0FD18E060" box="[581,669,1025,1051]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC331FBC0FD13E060" bold="true" box="[581,662,1025,1051]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; (
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<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF423FFDDC3C0FBC0FC86E060" box="[692,771,1025,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1712,1734]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,210,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[199,1389,190,1687]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Dictyonema umbricola. A. Habit of the species growing on bryophytes. B–C. Thalli showing irregular, ascendant to erect fibrils, with abundant basidiocarps (B, scale = 1 cm; C, scale = 0.8 cm). D–E. Mature thalli with basidiocarps resembling apothecial discs (D, scale = 1.8 mm; E, scale = 2 mm). Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380988/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1FCFBE9FEEBE046" box="[136,366,1064,1086]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1FCFBE9FEEBE046" blockId="19.[136,780,1024,1086]" box="[136,366,1064,1086]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Mycobank MB#838498</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1FCFBACFC55E0B5" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1FCFBACFC55E0B5" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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Diagnosis:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC068FBACFC55E0B5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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Sicut
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF423FFDDC02AFBACFD06E0FC" box="[350,643,1133,1159]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="discocarpum">Dictyonema discocarpum</taxonomicName>
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, sed filamentis furcatis, marginibus albidis, et hyphis fibulatis differt.
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF423FFDDC1FCFB50FEDCE0D0" box="[136,345,1169,1195]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Thallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscicola">Thallus muscicola</taxonomicName>
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. Hyphothallus praesentia. Hymenocarpus elevatus, disciformibus, margine tomentoso. Hymenium N non reagens. Basidiosporae obovatae, 9–10 μm longae, 4–5 μm crassae.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1C9FB18FB4AE16C" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1C9FB18FB4AE16C" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F423FFDDC1C9FB18FB49E16C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525307" collectingDate="2020-06-15" collectionCode="MER" collectorName="V. Marcano & L. Castillo" country="Venezuela" elevation="2550" location="Raiz de Agua" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Merida" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF423FFDDC063FB18FE46E088" box="[279,451,1241,1267]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF423FFDDC0BAFB18FDA6E088" box="[462,547,1241,1267]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Mérida</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F423FFDDC35BFB18FCA0E088" box="[559,805,1241,1267]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Parque Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
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de Mérida,
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<location id="E35C6064F423FFDDC2DAFB18FBC2E088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F423FFDBC1FCFBC0FD86E613:E35C6064F423FFDDC2DAFB18FBC2E088" box="[942,1095,1241,1267]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Parque Sierra Nevada" name="Raiz de Agua" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" stateProvince="Merida">Raiz de Agua</location>
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cloud forests, elev.
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC45EFB19FA06E088" box="[1322,1411,1240,1267]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="2550.0">
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<elevation id="6DAED18CF423FFDDC45EFB19FA06E088" box="[1322,1411,1240,1267]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="2550.0">2550 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
;
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<date id="923D107FF423FFDDC4FBFB19FF78E16C" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" value="2020-06-15">
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<collectingDate id="8279E997F423FFDDC4FBFB19FF78E16C" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" value="2020-06-15">15 June 2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC07CFB3CFDEEE16C" box="[264,619,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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<collectorName id="4B765369F423FFDDC07CFB3CFDA1E16C" box="[264,548,1277,1303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">V. Marcano & L. Castillo</collectorName>
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20-91
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF423FFDDC30EFB3CFD5BE16C" box="[634,734,1277,1303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8092AE7AF423FFDDC391FB3CFCA0E16C" box="[741,805,1277,1303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">MER</collectionCode>
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, isotype B, private herb. V. Marcano)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1C9FAE0FCC0E140" box="[189,837,1313,1339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1C9FAE0FCC0E140" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" box="[189,837,1313,1339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Etymology:—The epithet refers to the very shady habitat.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1C9FA84FF60E3E4" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1C9FA84FC5EE2BC" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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Description:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC010FA84FE3DE124" box="[356,440,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Thallus</emphasis>
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growing on bryophytes, filamentous, dark blue-green, covering shorter areas of the substrate, by irregular, discontinuous patches up to
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC32AFAA8FD21E1F8" box="[606,676,1385,1411]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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across, composed of loosely interwoven, dark green to bluish green fibrils leaving interspaces and bordered by a distinct, discontinuous, white margin (prothallus).
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC5CBFA4CFA2EE1DC" box="[1215,1451,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Fibrils subascending</emphasis>
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or horizontal, with whitish apices, broad, more loosely and irregularly arranged and leaving interspaces.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC479FA70FEBBE195" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Thallus (when fresh) in section</emphasis>
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC032FA15FE59E194" box="[326,476,1492,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.875" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.25">1.25–2.5 mm</quantity>
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thick, composed of a thick, loose, photobiont (
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF423FFDDC282FA14FBF7E194" box="[1014,1138,1493,1519]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Rhizonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC282FA14FBF7E194" box="[1014,1138,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Rhizonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) layer (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC5B8FA15FAF6E194" box="[1228,1395,1492,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.75" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1.75 mm</quantity>
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) and a pale brown medulla (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC0F9FA39FDA3E268" box="[397,550,1528,1555]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.75 mm</quantity>
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) (hypothallus); photobiont layer composed of cyanobacterial filaments covered by thin elongated fungal cells, forming jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells; cyanobacterial filaments branched, composed of 13–17 μm wide and 7–10 μm high, bluish green cells, cylindrical, in chains, penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria);
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC066F9A4FE15E204" box="[274,400,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">heterocytes</emphasis>
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frequent, pale to slightly bright yellow, 12–13 μm wide and 2–3 μm high, narrowly elliptic; cells of hyphal sheath variably wavy in lateral outline, 2–3 μm thick; hyphae of hypothallus straight, branched, hyaline, smooth, 3–5 μm thick.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC0FFF96CFDE6E2BD" box="[395,611,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Clamp connections</emphasis>
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present on the hyphae, abundant.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1C9F910FF60E3E4" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC1C9F910FEDEE290" box="[189,347,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Hymenophore</emphasis>
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(when fresh) developed as small, rounded to irregular, corticioid patches, dispersed on the upper surface of thallus and resembling apothecial discs,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF423FFDDC262F935FC0FE374" box="[790,906,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6–2 mm</quantity>
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diam., with pale yellowish, smooth surface and white, minutely tomentose margins, 125–200 μm diam.;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC261F8D8FC29E348" box="[789,940,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">hymenophore</emphasis>
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in section 50–120 μm thick, composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer connected to loose medullary hyphae, 5–6 μm wide;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC556F8FCFB10E32C" box="[1058,1173,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">hymenium</emphasis>
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composed of numerous, palisade-like
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC06BF8A0FE14E300" box="[287,401,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">basidioles</emphasis>
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and scattered basidia;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF423FFDDC3E0F8A0FCAAE300" box="[660,815,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">basidiospores</emphasis>
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(only a few seen) obovate, non-septate, hyaline, 9–10 × 4–5 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F423FFDDC1C9F868FD5EE39C" pageId="19" pageNumber="218" type="biology_ecology">
|
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF423FFDDC1C9F868FD5EE39C" blockId="19.[136,1452,1133,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="218">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER–; basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N–, ER– (n = 8). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="B2FC6637F424FFDAC1FCF971FD5DE376" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380988" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380988/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" startId="20.[136,229,1712,1734]" targetBox="[212,1375,210,1671]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF424FFDAC1FCF971FD5DE376" blockId="20.[136,1452,1712,1806]" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF424FFDAC1FCF971FE8CE2BE" bold="true" box="[136,265,1712,1734]" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF424FFDAC064F970FE6BE2BE" box="[272,494,1712,1734]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="umbricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF424FFDAC064F970FE6BE2BE" box="[272,494,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">Dictyonema umbricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Habit of the species growing on bryophytes. B–C. Thalli showing irregular, ascendant to erect fibrils, with abundant basidiocarps (B, scale = 1 cm; C, scale = 0.8 cm). D–E. Mature thalli with basidiocarps resembling apothecial discs (D, scale = 1.8 mm; E, scale = 2 mm). Photos by V. Marcano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F424FFDAC1C9F8FDFBF5E300" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF424FFDAC1C9F8FDFBF5E300" blockId="20.[136,1451,1852,2059]" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Distribution and Ecology:—This species is known only from the well-developed
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF424FFDAC517F8FCFB16E32C" box="[1123,1171,1853,1879]" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection. It was found growing on mosses in a very shady and humid rainforest at elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF424FFDAC22BF8A1FC7FE300" box="[863,1018,1888,1915]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.325" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="2325.0" valueMax="2650.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–2650 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF424FFDAC57DF8A1FBE6E300" box="[1033,1123,1888,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1110,1132]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,203,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[151,1436,190,1086]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dictyonema subinvolutum. A. Habit of the species, scale = 1 cm. B. Mature thallus with basidiocarp, scale = 0.5 cm. C. Close up showing hymenophore, scale = 0.3 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380984/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F424FFDBC1C9F845FD86E613" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF424FFDBC1C9F845FA1FE57B" blockId="20.[136,1451,1852,2059]" lastBlockId="21.[136,1452,158,617]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Remarks:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF424FFDAC031F844FDC1E3E5" box="[325,580,1924,1950]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="umbricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF424FFDAC031F844FDC1E3E5" box="[325,580,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">Dictyonema umbricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by horizontal or subascending fibrils, branched cyanobacterial filaments, jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells, abundant clamp connections on the hyphae and a negative N spot test.This species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF424FFDAC074F80CFD72E39D" authority="Lucking, Dal Forno & Wilk" authorityName="Lucking, Dal Forno & Wilk" box="[256,759,1996,2023]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="discocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF424FFDAC074F80CFE31E39D" box="[256,436,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">D. discocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
Lücking, Dal Forno & Wilk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF424FFDAC272F80DFB96E39C" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[774,1043,1996,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="219" pagination="4 - 16" refId="ref17535" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D. (2013 b) Three new species of Dictyonema (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Bolivia. Acta Nova 6: 4 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF424FFDAC219F80CFC23E39D" box="[877,934,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013b: 7
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both species have a hymenophore composed of disc-shaped patches resembling apothecial discs, with pale yellowish, smooth surface, minutely tomentose margins and jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells. However, the latter has shelf-like filamentous thallus, a hymenophore in smaller disc-shaped patches (
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF425FFDBC0A4FF03FDDDE4A6" box="[464,600,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam.) dispersed on the underside of the thallus, a hypothallus with byssoid margin, and lacks clamp connections.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF425FFDBC340FF26FCD6E57B" box="[564,851,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="discocarpum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC340FF26FCD6E57B" box="[564,851,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Dictyonema discocarpum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF425FFDBC549FF27FB0AE57B" box="[1085,1167,230,256]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF425FFDBC5EAFF27FA0BE57B" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D." box="[1182,1422,230,256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" pagination="4 - 16" refId="ref17535" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D. (2013 b) Three new species of Dictyonema (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Bolivia. Acta Nova 6: 4 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC470FF26FAB9E57B" box="[1284,1340,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF425FFDBC1C9FECBFEC1E5A3" blockId="21.[136,1452,158,617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Some species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF425FFDBC096FECBFC01E55F" authority="(Lawrey et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Lawrey" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[482,900,266,292]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC096FECBFD1AE55F" box="[482,671,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Cyphellostereum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF425FFDBC3DFFECBFCF8E55F" author="Lawrey, J. D. & Lucking, R. & Sipman, H. J. M. & Chaves, J. L. & Redhead, S. A. & Bungartz, F. & Sikaroodi, M. & Gillevet, P. M." box="[683,893,266,292]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" pagination="1154 - 1171" refId="ref16860" refString="Lawrey, J. D., Lucking, R., Sipman, H. J. M., Chaves, J. L., Redhead, S. A., Bungartz, F., Sikaroodi, M. & Gillevet, P. M. (2009) High concentration of basidiolichens in a single family of agaricoid mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). Mycological Research 113: 1154 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. mycres. 2009.07.016" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lawrey
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC27CFECAFCBBE55F" box="[776,830,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have disc-like hymenophores forming resupinate, rounded patches,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC024FEEEFEEAE533" box="[336,367,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF425FFDBC0F1FEEEFCC0E533" authority="Dal Forno & Kaminsky" authorityName="Dal Forno & Kaminsky" box="[389,837,302,329]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="jamesianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC0F1FEEEFDAAE533" box="[389,559,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">C. jamesianum</emphasis>
|
||
Dal Forno & Kaminsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF425FFDBC222FEEFFB09E533" author="Dal Forno, M. & Kaminsky, L. & Rosentreter, R. & McMullin, R. & Troy & Aptroot, A. & Lucking, R." box="[854,1164,302,329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref15656" refString="Dal Forno, M., Kaminsky, L., Rosentreter, R., McMullin, R. Troy, Aptroot, A. & Lucking, R. (2019) A first phylogenetic assessment of Dictyonema s. lat. in southeastern North America reveals three new basidiolichens, described in honor of James D. Lawrey. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64 (2): 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pfs- 2019 - 0025" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Dal Forno
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC2A0FEEEFB8BE533" box="[980,1038,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019: 338
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF425FFDBC5A6FEEEFE42E517" authority="Dal Forno, McMullin & Lucking" authorityName="Dal Forno, McMullin & Lucking" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cyphellostereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="georgianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC5A6FEEEFAFFE533" box="[1234,1402,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">C. georgianum</emphasis>
|
||
Dal Forno, McMullin & Lücking
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF425FFDBC0A1FE93FD78E517" author="Dal Forno, M. & Kaminsky, L. & Rosentreter, R. & McMullin, R. & Troy & Aptroot, A. & Lucking, R." box="[469,765,338,365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref15656" refString="Dal Forno, M., Kaminsky, L., Rosentreter, R., McMullin, R. Troy, Aptroot, A. & Lucking, R. (2019) A first phylogenetic assessment of Dictyonema s. lat. in southeastern North America reveals three new basidiolichens, described in honor of James D. Lawrey. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64 (2): 383 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pfs- 2019 - 0025" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Dal Forno
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC33AFE92FD00E517" box="[590,645,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019: 337
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Yet, these species are characterized by a crustose, dark green thallus formed by loose individual fibrils, a fungal sheath consisting of irregular, thin, branched hyphae surrounding the cells, and absence of jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells. Both species are known only from the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF425FFDBC462FE5BFA2EE5CF" box="[1302,1451,410,436]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF425FFDBC1C3FE7EFEC5E5A3" box="[183,320,446,473]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF425FFDBC1C9FE23FD86E613" blockId="21.[136,1452,158,617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF425FFDBC34FFE23FD2EE587" box="[571,683,482,508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF425FFDBC3A1FE23FCAEE587" box="[725,811,482,508]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Parque Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF425FFDBC2A8FE23FBB7E587" box="[988,1074,482,508]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF425FFDBC52BFE23FB36E587" box="[1119,1203,482,508]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Raiz de Agua, cloud forests, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF425FFDBC06AFDC7FEFDE65A" box="[286,376,518,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="923D107FF425FFDBC0F1FDC7FDC2E65B" box="[389,583,518,544]" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" value="2020-10-12">12 October 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC327FDC6FC49E65B" box="[595,972,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">V. Marcano & L. Castillo 20-577</emphasis>
|
||
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano); Parque Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF425FFDBC1A6FDEBFEADE63F" box="[210,296,554,580]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF425FFDBC025FDEBFE20E63F" box="[337,421,554,580]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, road towards Lake Coromoto, cloud forest, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF425FFDBC2A3FDEBFBABE63E" box="[983,1070,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF425FFDBC54EFDEAFA2EE63F" box="[1082,1451,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="220">V. Marcano & L. Castillo 21-110</emphasis>
|
||
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |