574 lines
78 KiB
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574 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="985533955CB31E6A89FA25D2BC0C2307" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.1SLASH11426" ID-CLB-Dataset="32677" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc0690ff-ca74-4ba8-bc70-7376f04cf203" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="829833" ID-ZooBank="1A18DA8-2AFF-4998-AE87-00D713EC531D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1497944538512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Garg, Sonali & Biju, S. D." docDate="2017" docId="039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4277.4.1SLASH11426.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4277 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fejervarya rufescens Jerdon 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="472" masterDocId="FFABFFCF312AFF9AFFCAB132D536FFAF" masterDocTitle="Description of four new species of Burrowing Frogs in the Fejervarya rufescens complex (Dicroglossidae) with notes on morphological affinities of Fejervarya species in the Western Ghats" masterLastPageNumber="490" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="467" updateTime="1698447367985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D20B0EAFC26048C736940A528F5404DD">Description of four new species of Burrowing Frogs in the Fejervarya rufescens complex (Dicroglossidae) with notes on morphological affinities of Fejervarya species in the Western Ghats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A067EECC729C22FEF47B72B6BFC9D52E">Garg, Sonali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC8F94AABFBCFF4DC1652060D3A1484A">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5A2A6BA24FB33CC632A732F903EFC379">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0E3EB88B6C0E118B6014D1A8ECC76EA4">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="97C75441D997CF1DA7C59A9FE2094FBB">4277</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD4ACFE97" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD767FF5C" blockId="16.[151,625,217,312]" box="[151,593,217,243]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<heading id="D0CC81CD313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD767FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,593,217,243]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD767FF5C" ID-CoL="6HR37" authority="Jerdon, 1853" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,593,217,243]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD767FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,593,217,243]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF5DB1EBD4A0FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,406,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFE6FB1EBD77FFF5C" author="Jerdon" box="[421,585,217,243]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Jerdon, T. C. (1853) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 22, 522 - 534." type="journal article" year="1853">Jerdon, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF5DB1CED4ACFE97" blockId="16.[151,625,217,312]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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Rufescent Burrowing Frog (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFE18B1CED75CFEBA" author="Daniels" box="[466,618,252,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Daniels, R. J. R. (2005) Amphibians of Peninsular India. Indian Academy of Sciences & University Press, Hyderabad, 268 pp." type="book" year="2005">Daniels 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<tableCitation id="C6B9031A313AFF8AFF54B02DD42BFE97" box="[158,285,287,312]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 4" captionStart-2="TABLE 5" captionStart-3="TABLE 6" captionStart-4="TABLE 7" captionStartId-0="11.[125,217,515,539]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,239,940,963]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,239,581,604]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,239,1081,1104]" captionStartId-4="18.[119,204,562,584]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. List of DNA sequences used in the study. Taxa are arranged in the order of their phylogenetic position in Figure 1 (Top to bottom)." captionText-1="TABLE 4. Factor loadings and percent variance explained by Principal Component (PC) 1 – 5 for 17 size-corrected morphometric variables from males of five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. Values in bold indicate variables with the highest loadings." captionText-2="TABLE 5. Scores for discriminant function analysis of the principal components (PC 1 – 5). Values in bold indicate variables with the highest loadings for discriminant function roots of eigenvalue> 1.0." captionText-3="TABLE 6. Classification matrix for adult male specimens of the Fejervarya rufescens group from the discriminant function analysis." captionText-4="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements for five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS)." pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Tables 1–7</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13002A24313AFF8AFEE3B02DD4A7FE97" box="[297,401,287,312]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionStartId-6="17.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionStartId-7="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1435,204,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1424,193,1582]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,197,1739]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,180,1813]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1495]" captionTargetBox-5="[158,1434,882,1697]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,180,1899]" captionTargetBox-7="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1597]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1744]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,180,1818]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[151,1437,879,1704]" captionTargetId-6="figure@17.[151,1437,180,1899]" captionTargetId-7="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionTargetPageId-7="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on the 16 S mitochondrial DNA dataset of 545 basepairs. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. The uncorrected pairwise distances between species in the Fejervarya rufescens group are shown near the clade labels. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analyses. A. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on mitochondrial (16 S, COI and Cytb) and nuclear (Rag 1) DNA of 2314 basepairs, showing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fejervarya rufescens group. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. Fejervarya granosa (2) was used as the outgroup taxon. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1; B. Median Joining haplotype network inferred from 554 basepair fragment of the nuclear Rag 1 gene. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of haplotypes, branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps, and black bars represent mutational steps. Number of individuals used for each species: Fejervarya cepfi (3), Fejervarya kadar (1), Fejervarya manoharani (3), Fejervarya neilcoxi (2), and Fejervarya rufescens (5)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of five species in Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot region is shown in orange colour. Locality details are referenced in Table 3." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Four morphologically recognized Fejervarya groups in the Western Ghats. A – B. Fejervarya nilagirica group: A. Fejervarya nilagirica in life (male, SDBDU 2014.2772); B. Fejervarya keralensis in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3139); C. Fejervarya rufescens group, Fejervarya rufescens in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3070); D. Fejervarya sahyadris group, Fejervarya sahyadris in life (male, SDBDU 2015.3046); E – F. Fejervarya syhadrensis group: E. Fejervarya syhadrensis in life (male, SDBDU 2015.2934); F. Fejervarya granosa in life (male, SDBDU 2014.2541). Numbers on the panels represents: 1. dorsal view, 2. ventral view of foot showing the inner metatarsal tubercle, 3. schematic illustration of foot webbing, 4. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern, 5. lateral view showing the groin markings." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Morphological comparison between members of the genus Sphaerotheca and Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats. A – H. Genus Sphaerotheca: A – E. Sphaerotheca cf. breviceps, in life (SDBDU 2014.2822): A. dorsolateral view, B. ventral view, C. ventral skin texture, D. lateral view showing the groin markings, E. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern; F – H. Inner metatarsal tubercle: F. Sphaerotheca breviceps (syntype ZMB 3351), G. S. dobsonii (Holotype BMNH 1947.2.28.45), H. S. rolandae (Holotype BMNH 1973.3024). I – R. Fejervarya rufescens group: I – K. F. rufescens in life (SDBDU 2015.3070): I. dorsolateral view, J. ventral view, K. ventral skin texture; L – M. F. kadar sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 940): L. lateral view showing the groin markings, M. thighs showing the marking and colour pattern; N – R. Inner metatarsal tubercle: N. F. cepfi sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 937), O. F. kadar sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 940), P. F. manoharani sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 945), Q. F. neilcoxi sp. nov. (Holotype ZSI / WGRC / V / A / 951), R. F. rufescens (SDBDU 2015.3070)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. PCA plot for the first two principal component axes showing morphometric differentiation among adult males of five species in the Fejervarya rufescens groups of the Western Ghats. Factor loadings for each component are provided in Table 4." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Fejervarya rufescens, in life and preservation. A. Referred specimen (SDBDU 2015.3070), in life; B – G. Neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male): B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829837/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/829839/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/829841/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/829843/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/829845/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/829847/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs. 1–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8AFF5DB050D1FBFDFC" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF5DB050D1C4FDA4" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF5DB050D717FED4" bold="true" box="[151,545,354,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Original name and description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFDE4B050D6D7FED4" authority="Jerdon, 1853" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[558,993,354,379]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Pyxicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFDE4B050D60AFED4" box="[558,828,354,379]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Pyxicephalus rufescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFC83B050D6D7FED4" author="Jerdon" box="[841,993,354,379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Jerdon, T. C. (1853) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 22, 522 - 534." type="journal article" year="1853">Jerdon, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India,
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFEB1B0B4D67AFE30" box="[379,844,390,415]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</emphasis>
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, 22: 522–534.
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFC31B0B4D10BFE30" bold="true" box="[1019,1085,390,415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Type.</emphasis>
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MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male, designated as Neotype by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFDDCB098D789FE6C" author="Dubois" box="[534,703,426,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Dubois, A. (1984) Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibiens, Anoures). Alytes, 3 (4), 143 - 159." type="journal article" year="1984">Dubois (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFD04B098D647FE6C" bold="true" box="[718,881,426,451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Type locality.</emphasis>
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“Malabar Coast”, South India according to the original description, restricted to Gundia, Kemphole forest, west of Sakleshpur, Karnataka state, by neotype designation.
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFEECB0C0D794FDA4" bold="true" box="[294,674,498,523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Current status of specific name.</emphasis>
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Valid name, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFC9EB0C6D1D8FDA4" authority="Jerdon, 1853" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[852,1262,498,523]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFC9EB0C6D177FDA4" box="[852,1089,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFB85B0C0D1D0FDA4" author="Jerdon" box="[1103,1254,498,523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Jerdon, T. C. (1853) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 22, 522 - 534." type="journal article" year="1853">Jerdon, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB324D1FBFDFC" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC313AFF8AFF0DB324D1FBFDFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402628" collectingDate="2015-07-13" collectionCode="MNHNP, SDBDU" country="India" location="Manipal" municipality="Udupi district" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" specimenCode="MNHNP 1984.2348, SDBDU 2015.3070-3074" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="neotype">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB324D49CFD80" bold="true" box="[199,426,534,559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Specimens studied.</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFE7AB325D7A0FD80" box="[432,662,535,559]" collectionCode="MNHNP" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFE7AB325D723FD81" box="[432,533,535,558]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">MNHNP</collectionCode>
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1984.2348
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</specimenCode>
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, an adult male,
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<typeStatus id="54808803313AFF8AFC8FB325D69EFD80" box="[837,936,535,559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFC78B325D1EEFD80" box="[946,1240,534,559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFC78B325D127FD80" box="[946,1041,535,559]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">SDBDU</collectionCode>
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2015.3070–3074
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</specimenCode>
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, five adult males, from
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A313AFF8AFF1EB308D402FDFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0:8EE4607A313AFF8AFF1EB308D402FDFC" box="[212,308,570,595]" country="India" municipality="Udupi district" name="Manipal" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" stateProvince="Karnataka">Manipal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB313AFF8AFEF5B308D4E8FDFC" box="[319,478,570,595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Udupi district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFE22B308D76DFDFC" box="[488,603,570,595]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7631313AFF8AFD6EB308D7D6FDFC" box="[676,736,570,595]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB and SG on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E989313AFF8AFBFFB309D1FCFDFC" box="[1077,1226,570,595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2015-07-13">
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFBFFB309D1FCFDFC" box="[1077,1226,570,595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2015-07-13">13 July 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8AFF0DB36CD7FCFC14" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB36CD4BAFC84" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC313AFF8AFF0DB36CD617FD34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402625" collectingDate="2013-07-17" collectionCode="SDBDU" country="India" county="Shimoga district" location="Guddekere" municipality="Agumbe" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" specimenCode="SDBDU 2013.2505" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB36CD736FDD8" bold="true" box="[199,512,606,631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Other referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFDD8B36DD7CAFDD8" box="[530,764,606,631]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFDD8B36DD747FDD8" box="[530,625,607,631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2013.2505
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A313AFF8AFCD8B36CD6A6FDD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0:8EE4607A313AFF8AFCD8B36CD6A6FDD8" box="[786,912,606,631]" country="India" county="Shimoga district" municipality="Agumbe" name="Guddekere" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" stateProvince="Karnataka">Guddekere</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB313AFF8AFC6FB36CD133FDD8" box="[933,1029,606,631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Agumbe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
reserve forest,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E54E2D313AFF8AFB18B36CD0AEFDD8" box="[1234,1432,606,631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Shimoga district</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFF5DB3B0D43CFD34" box="[151,266,642,667]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7631313AFF8AFE99B3B0D4B9FD34" box="[339,399,642,667]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E989313AFF8AFD47B3B1D617FD34" box="[653,801,642,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2013-07-17">
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFD47B3B1D617FD34" box="[653,801,642,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2013-07-17">17 July 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC313AFF8AFCE4B3B1D6E9FD10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402621" collectingDate="2009-10-10" collectionCode="SDBDU" country="India" county="Udupi district" location="Kollur" municipality="Mookambika" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" specimenCode="SDBDU 2009.4712" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFCE4B3B1D138FD34" box="[814,1038,643,667]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFCE4B3B1D6BBFD34" box="[814,909,643,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2009.4712
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A313AFF8AFBD3B3B0D152FD34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0:8EE4607A313AFF8AFBD3B3B0D152FD34" box="[1049,1124,642,667]" country="India" county="Udupi district" municipality="Mookambika" name="Kollur" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" stateProvince="Karnataka">Kollur</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB313AFF8AFBBAB3B0D033FD34" box="[1136,1285,642,667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Mookambika</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
WLS,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E54E2D313AFF8AFA9CB3B0D5DEFD10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Udupi district</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFF32B394D45DFD10" box="[248,363,678,703]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7631313AFF8AFE75B394D4CDFD10" box="[447,507,678,703]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E989313AFF8AFCDEB395D6E9FD10" box="[788,991,678,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2009-10-10">
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFCDEB395D6E9FD10" box="[788,991,678,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2009-10-10">10 October 2009</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC313AFF8AFC3AB395D6D4FD4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402631" collectingDate="2008-06-03" collectionCode="SDBDU" country="India" location="Peruvannamuzhi" municipality="Wayanad district" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" specimenCode="SDBDU 2008.407" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFC3AB395D1FEFD10" box="[1008,1224,679,703]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFC3AB395D179FD10" box="[1008,1103,679,703]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2008.407
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A313AFF8AFB13B394D0AEFD10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0:8EE4607A313AFF8AFB13B394D0AEFD10" box="[1241,1432,678,703]" country="India" municipality="Wayanad district" name="Peruvannamuzhi" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" stateProvince="Kerala">Peruvannamuzhi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB313AFF8AFF5DB3F8D46FFD4C" box="[151,345,714,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Wayanad district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFEACB3F8D487FD4C" box="[358,433,714,739]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7631313AFF8AFE35B3F8D70DFD4C" box="[511,571,714,739]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB on 0
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E989313AFF8AFC99B3F9D6D4FD4C" box="[851,994,715,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2008-06-03">
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFC99B3F9D6D4FD4C" box="[851,994,715,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2008-06-03">3 June 2008</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B533CFC313AFF8AFC3AB3F8D4BAFC84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572402629" collectingDate="2015-06-07" collectionCode="SDBDU" country="India" location="Pozhuthana" municipality="Wayanad district" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" specimenCode="SDBDU 2015.2882" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EDA313AFF8AFBE8B3F9D033FD4C" box="[1058,1285,714,739]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE64313AFF8AFBE8B3F9D1B7FD4C" box="[1058,1153,715,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">SDBDU</collectionCode>
|
||
2015.2882
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EE4607A313AFF8AFAD9B3F8D0AFFD4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287B7313AFF8FFF5DB1EBD76BFCF0:8EE4607A313AFF8AFAD9B3F8D0AFFD4C" box="[1299,1433,714,739]" country="India" municipality="Wayanad district" name="Pozhuthana" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" stateProvince="Kerala">Pozhuthana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACDB313AFF8AFF5DB3DCD460FCA8" box="[151,342,750,775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Wayanad district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFEAAB3DCD49DFCA8" box="[352,427,750,775]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7631313AFF8AFE38B3DCD718FCA8" box="[498,558,750,775]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by SDB and SG on 0
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC1E989313AFF8AFC45B3DDD12FFCA8" box="[911,1049,750,775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2015-06-07">
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFC45B3DDD12FFCA8" box="[911,1049,750,775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" value="2015-06-07">7 June 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
. These samples were only used for genetic identification.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB204D7FCFC14" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB204D4F2FCE0" bold="true" box="[199,452,822,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Genetic relationship.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFD57B205D6B9FCE0" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[669,911,823,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFD57B205D6B9FCE0" box="[669,911,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFB96B205D078FCE0" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1116,1358,823,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFB96B205D078FCE0" box="[1116,1358,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313AFF8AFF55B268D43EFCDC" box="[159,264,858,883]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1618,1640]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1435,204,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1424,193,1582]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1597]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on the 16 S mitochondrial DNA dataset of 545 basepairs. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. The uncorrected pairwise distances between species in the Fejervarya rufescens group are shown near the clade labels. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analyses. A. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on mitochondrial (16 S, COI and Cytb) and nuclear (Rag 1) DNA of 2314 basepairs, showing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fejervarya rufescens group. Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) and RaxML bootstrap values of> 50 % are indicated above and below the branches, respectively. Fejervarya granosa (2) was used as the outgroup taxon. Voucher number and locality details of the samples are referenced in Table 1; B. Median Joining haplotype network inferred from 554 basepair fragment of the nuclear Rag 1 gene. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of haplotypes, branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps, and black bars represent mutational steps. Number of individuals used for each species: Fejervarya cepfi (3), Fejervarya kadar (1), Fejervarya manoharani (3), Fejervarya neilcoxi (2), and Fejervarya rufescens (5)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829835/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829837/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313AFF8AFE95B269D48CFCDD" box="[351,442,859,882]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats. The average uncorrected pairwise genetic divergences with other members of the group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFF23B24DD40CFC38" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[233,314,895,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF23B24DD40CFC38" box="[233,314,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFE88B24CD4AAFC38" box="[322,412,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFE88B24CD4AAFC38" bold="true" box="[322,412,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFE60B24DD730FC38" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[426,518,894,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFE60B24DD730FC38" box="[426,518,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFDC4B24CD75EFC38" box="[526,616,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFDC4B24CD75EFC38" bold="true" box="[526,616,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFDBCB24DD62DFC38" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[630,795,894,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFDBCB24DD62DFC38" box="[630,795,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFCE8B24CD64DFC38" box="[802,891,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFCE8B24CD64DFC38" bold="true" box="[802,891,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFC78B24DD110FC38" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[946,1062,894,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFC78B24DD110FC38" box="[946,1062,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFBE7B24CD1B1FC38" box="[1069,1159,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFBE7B24CD1B1FC38" bold="true" box="[1069,1159,894,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) are provided in Table 2 and ‘Genetic relationship’ section of each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8AFF0DB2F4D7F7FBC0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB2F4D7F7FBC0" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB2F4D72FFC70" bold="true" box="[199,537,966,991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Morphological comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the overall morphology and comparable body size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFAD5B2F5D437FBAC" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFAD5B2F5D437FBAC" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confused with the four new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFCC3B2DED66CFBAC" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[777,858,1003,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFCC3B2DED66CFBAC" box="[777,858,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFCA8B2D8D68AFBAC" box="[866,956,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFCA8B2D8D68AFBAC" bold="true" box="[866,956,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFC00B2DED112FBAC" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[970,1060,1002,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFC00B2DED112FBAC" box="[970,1060,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFBE4B2D8D1BEFBAC" box="[1070,1160,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFBE4B2D8D1BEFBAC" bold="true" box="[1070,1160,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFB5CB2DED00DFBAC" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1174,1339,1002,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFB5CB2DED00DFBAC" box="[1174,1339,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFA88B2D8D0AAFBAC" box="[1346,1436,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFA88B2D8D0AAFBAC" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1002,1027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFF03B53DD409FB88" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[201,319,1038,1063]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF03B53DD409FB88" box="[201,319,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313AFF8AFE80B53CD490FB88" box="[330,422,1038,1063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFE80B53CD490FB88" bold="true" box="[330,422,1038,1063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFDECB53DD798FB88" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[550,686,1039,1063]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFDECB53DD798FB88" box="[550,686,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique from all these species by its dorsal skin shagreened to granular without prominent warts. For detailed comparison with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFCBFB506D1D1FBE4" box="[885,1255,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFCBFB506D6FDFBE4" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[885,971,1075,1099]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi">F. cepfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFC1DB506D103FBE4" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[983,1077,1074,1099]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar">F. kadar</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFB88B506D1D1FBE4" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1090,1255,1074,1099]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani">F. manoharani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFAEAB506D0AAFBE4" box="[1312,1436,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313AFF8AFAEAB506D0A1FBE4" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[1312,1431,1074,1099]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi">F. neilcoxi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see ‘morphological comparison’ of those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8AFF0DB548D1DDFB18" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB548D1DDFB18" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB548D40DFB3C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1146,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B50313AFF8AFE88B548D4D2FB3C" author="Dubois" box="[322,484,1146,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" refString="Dubois, A. (1984) Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibiens, Anoures). Alytes, 3 (4), 143 - 159." type="journal article" year="1984">Dubois (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a neotype for this species without providing a morphological description. Hence, a detailed description of the neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348) is provided in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A313AFF8FFF0DB5F3D6C5FD90" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB5F3D464F894" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFF0DB5F3D7C6FB75" bold="true" box="[199,752,1217,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808803313AFF8AFEB2B5F3D4E3FB75" box="[376,469,1217,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313AFF8AFE17B5F3D7DFFB75" bold="true" box="[477,745,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">(measurements in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (SVL 35.8), rather stout; head nearly as wide as long (HW 12.9, HL 12.7); snout subovoid in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, its length (SL 5.0) nearly equal to horizontal diameter of eye (EL 4.9); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space flat, narrower (IUE 1.5) than upper eyelid width (UEW 3.5) and internarial distance (IN 3.2); nostril slightly closer to tip of snout (NS 2.2) than eye (EN 2.4); tympanum (TYD 2.2) 44.9% of eye diameter (EL 4.9); tympanum-eye distance (TYE 1.1) half of the tympanum diameter (TYD 2.2); supratympanic fold well developed, extends from posterior corner of eye to near the shoulder; vomerine ridge present, bearing small teeth, at an angle of 45° to the body axis, as close to choanae as to each other; tongue moderately large, emarginated, bearing no median lingual process; rictal gland present at labial commissure of the mouth. Arms short, forearm length (FAL 7.7) shorter than hand length (HAL 8.6); relative length of fingers IV<II<I<III (FL I 3.9, FL II 2.9, FL III 4.4, FL IV 2.8); finger tips rounded, slightly enlarged without discs, fingers without fringes, webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, circular; one distinct palmar tubercle, oval, bifid; supernumerary tubercles absent. Hind limbs short, thigh length (TL 15.8) equal to shank length (SHL 15.8) and subequal to foot length (FOL 15.9), distance from the base of tarsus to the tip of toe IV (TFOL 23.0); toes long, relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV; toe tips rounded, slightly enlarged without discs, toes without fringes, webbing between toes small:
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFF5DB7E9D598F95C" box="[151,174,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">I2</date>
|
||
– –
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFF0FB7E9D5D3F95C" box="[197,229,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">2II</date>
|
||
2– –3–III2–
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFE92B7E9D4B5F95C" box="[344,387,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">3IV</date>
|
||
3–
|
||
<date id="FF851061313AFF8AFE54B7E9D4F7F95C" box="[414,449,1755,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">2V</date>
|
||
; subarticular tubercles prominent, all present, circular; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, shovel-shaped (IMT 2.1); outer metatarsal tubercle small (OMT 0.7), rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313AFF8AFF0DB677D6B8F841" blockId="16.[151,1437,354,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
Skin of snout, upper eyelids and lateral sides of head shagreened to sparsely granular, anterior part of dorsum sparsely granular, posterior part of dorsum, and upper and lower parts of flank prominently granular; an interrupted inverse V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum; dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh and shank shagreened with scattered granular projections. Ventral surface of throat, chest, belly and limbs shagreened, anterior part of thigh sparsely granular; fejervaryan line present on both sides of the belly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313AFF8AFCF6B6E7D6B6F841" box="[828,896,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1437,180,1899]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Fejervarya rufescens, in life and preservation. A. Referred specimen (SDBDU 2015.3070), in life; B – G. Neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male): B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829847/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF446629313BFF8BFF5DB6B3D413F85C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829847/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" targetBox="[151,1436,180,1899]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313BFF8BFF5DB6B3D413F85C" blockId="17.[151,1436,1921,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFF5DB6B3D425F839" bold="true" box="[151,275,1921,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313BFF8BFED0B6B0D4C6F838" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[282,496,1921,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFED0B6B0D4C6F838" box="[282,496,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in life and preservation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFD3CB6B3D638F839" bold="true" box="[758,782,1921,1942]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Referred specimen (SDBDU 2015.3070), in life;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFAC1B6B3D009F838" bold="true" box="[1291,1343,1921,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">B–G.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male):
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFDD0B692D706F81A" bold="true" box="[538,560,1952,1973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">B.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFC94B692D641F819" bold="true" box="[862,887,1952,1974]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFB66B692D1F3F81A" bold="true" box="[1196,1221,1952,1973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">D.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of head, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFEF4B68DD463F87B" bold="true" box="[318,341,1983,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">E.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of hand, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFD22B68DD7CFF87B" bold="true" box="[744,761,1983,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">F.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of foot, in preservation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313BFF8BFB4FB68CD1ACF87B" bold="true" box="[1157,1178,1982,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">G.</emphasis>
|
||
schematic illustration of foot webbing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4466293138FF88FFBDB300D178FDCB" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FFBDB300D178FDCB" blockId="18.[119,1845,562,612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB300D5D3FDE7" bold="true" box="[119,229,562,584]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for five species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223138FF88FD39B301D6F0FDE8" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[755,966,562,584]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FD39B301D6F0FDE8" box="[755,966,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FFBDB3B3D260FD3B" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[119,1878,641,662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB3B3D260FD3B" bold="true" box="[119,1878,641,662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Species Sex Locality Museum Number SVL HW HL SL EL TYD TYE EN NS IUE UEW IN FAL HAL TL SHL FOL TFOL</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FFBDB392D469FD1B" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[119,351,671,692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB392D469FD1B" bold="true" box="[119,351,671,692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223138FF88FFBDB392D426FD1C" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[119,272,671,691]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepfi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB392D426FD1C" bold="true" box="[119,272,671,691]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fejervarya cepfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83138FF88FEDCB392D469FD1B" box="[278,351,672,692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF22B3F2D266FD7A" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[232,1872,704,725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">M Amboli ZSI/WGRC/V/A/937 (HT) 29.9 11.2 11.1 4.6 3.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 6.2 7.2 14.8 15.7 16.5 23.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF22B3D1D27DFC96" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
M Amboli ZSI/WGRC/V/A/938 (PT) 33.1 12.2 12.4 4.8 3.5 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 6.2 7.5 15.4 16.4 17.1 24.9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FDA7B234D27DFC96" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Average 31.5 11.7 11.8 4.7 3.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 6.2 7.4 15.1 16.1 16.8 24.2 Standard deviation 2.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF26B271D266FCF7" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[236,1872,835,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">F Amboli ZSI/WGRC/V/A/939 (PT) 34.5 13.1 12.7 5.2 4.0 1.9 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 6.2 8.0 15.6 16.8 17.4 26.2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FFBDB26DD45EFCDC" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[119,360,863,883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB26DD45EFCDC" bold="true" box="[119,360,863,883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223138FF88FFBDB26DD42FFCDC" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[119,281,863,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kadar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FFBDB26DD42FFCDC" bold="true" box="[119,281,863,883]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Fejervarya kadar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83138FF88FED5B26DD45EFCDC" box="[287,360,863,883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF22B2B6D266FC36" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[232,1872,900,921]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">M Thavalakuzhipara ZSI/WGRC/V/A/940 (HT) 33.5 12.7 12.1 4.5 4.2 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.8 3.3 2.8 6.2 7.1 15.4 15.5 16.1 21.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF22B294D266FC14" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[232,1872,934,955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">M Thavalakuzhipara ZSI/WGRC/V/A/941 (PT) 31.2 11.9 11.7 4.5 4.0 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 3.0 2.6 5.8 6.8 14.8 14.9 15.8 21.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF22B2FBD27DFBB3" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
M Thavalakuzhipara ZSI/WGRC/V/A/942 (PT) 31.0 11.9 11.9 4.4 4.0 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 3.2 2.7 5.7 6.6 14.5 14.6 15.7 21.4
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FDA7B2DAD27DFBB3" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Average 31.9 12.2 11.9 4.5 4.1 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.8 3.2 2.7 5.9 6.8 14.9 15.0 15.9 21.5 Standard deviation 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF26B517D266FB95" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" box="[236,1872,1061,1082]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">F Thavalakuzhipara ZSI/WGRC/V/A/943 (PT) 32.2 12.7 12.2 4.9 4.3 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.8 2.5 6.1 6.9 15.1 15.0 15.9 22.1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13138FF88FF26B575D26DF9D1" blockId="18.[119,1883,641,1662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
|
||
F Thavalakuzhipara ZSI/WGRC/V/A/944 (PT) 34.2 13.5 13.0 5.0 4.4 1.7 1.5 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.7 2.6 7.4 8.1 17.4 17.4 19.8 26.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33138FF88FDA7B558D27DFB0D" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Average 33.2 13.1 12.6 5.0 4.4 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.8 2.6 6.8 7.5 16.3 16.2 17.9 24.4 Standard deviation 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.7 2.8 3.2</emphasis>
|
||
...continued on the next page
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FFB7B222D41CFC8B" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" box="[125,298,784,804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FFB7B222D5FDFC8B" bold="true" box="[125,203,784,804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B9031A3139FF89FFB7B222D5F0FC8B" box="[125,198,784,804]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="18.[119,204,562,584]" captionText="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements for five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS)." pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
continued
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FFB7B21DD26AFCED" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" box="[125,1884,815,836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FFB7B21DD26AFCED" bold="true" box="[125,1884,815,836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Species Sex Locality Museum Number SVL HW HL SL EL TYD TYE EN NS IUE UEW IN FAL HAL TL SHL FOL TFOL</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FFB7B27CD4B4FCCD" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" box="[125,386,845,866]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FFB7B27CD4B4FCCD" bold="true" box="[125,386,845,866]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223139FF89FFB7B27CD404FCCE" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[125,306,845,865]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neilcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FFB7B27CD404FCCE" bold="true" box="[125,306,845,865]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fejervarya neilcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C83139FF89FEF2B27CD4B4FCCD" box="[312,386,846,866]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FF24B25CD267FB2A" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
M Parambikulam ZSI/WGRC/V/A/951 (HT) 33.3 12.1 11.7 4.3 4.2 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.9 3.0 6.2 7.4 14.5 15.8 16.9 22.7 M Parambikulam ZSI/WGRC/V/A/952 (PT) 32.0 11.9 11.4 4.2 4.1 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5 6.1 7.1 14.0 15.3 16.4 22.1 M Parambikulam ZSI/WGRC/V/A/953 (PT) 32.5 12.0 11.5 4.3 4.2 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.8 2.8 6.2 7.2 14.2 15.4 16.3 22.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FDB8B2E1D267FBA9" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Average 32.6 12.0 11.5 4.3 4.2 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.7 2.8 6.2 7.2 14.2 15.5 16.5 22.3 Standard deviation 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3</emphasis>
|
||
F Parambikulam ZSI/WGRC/V/A/954 (PT) 35.6 13.6 12.1 4.3 4.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.1 3.0 2.7 6.6 7.6 15.6 16.7 17.9 24.2 F Parambikulam ZSI/WGRC/V/A/955 (PT) 34.5 12.9 11.9 4.4 4.3 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.8 7.3 7.9 17.8 17.7 18.7 25.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FDB8B57FD267FB2A" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Average 35.1 13.3 12.0 4.4 4.3 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 3.0 2.8 7.0 7.8 16.7 17.2 18.3 24.9 Standard deviation 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.9</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FFB7B5A2D477FB0C" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" box="[125,321,1167,1187]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D223139FF89FFB7B5A2D477FB0C" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[125,321,1167,1187]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB33139FF89FFB7B5A2D477FB0C" bold="true" box="[125,321,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A13139FF89FF24B582D260FAC9" blockId="19.[125,1884,784,1444]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">M Gundia MNHNP 1984.2348 (NT) 35.8 12.9 12.7 5.0 4.9 2.2 1.1 2.4 2.2 1.5 3.5 3.2 7.7 8.6 15.8 15.8 15.9 M Manipal SDBDU 2015.3070 (RS) 32.1 12.0 11.9 4.5 4.3 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.2 2.5 6.2 7.1 15.1 15.0 15.4 M Manipal SDBDU 2015.3071 (RS) 30.5 11.2 11.1 4.5 4.2 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.6 3.2 2.4 5.7 6.9 14.9 14.8 15.2 M Manipal SDBDU 2015.3072 (RS) 31.2 11.1 11.0 4.2 4.0 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.9 2.4 5.6 6.4 14.8 14.5 14.9 20.9 M Manipal SDBDU 2015.3073 (RS) 31.5 11.4 11.3 4.4 3.9 1.8 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.9 2.5 5.5 6.7 14.7 14.6 14.8 21.2 M Manipal SDBDU 2015.3074 (RS) 32.5 11.7 11.6 4.6 4.2 1.7 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.8 3.2 2.5 5.8 7.0 15.5 15.3 15.7 22.0</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF446629313EFF8EFF5DB447D0AAFA48" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" targetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313EFF8EFF5DB447D0AAFA48" blockId="20.[151,1436,1397,1511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFF5DB447D42FFA25" bold="true" box="[151,281,1397,1419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Male advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313EFF8EFDAAB444D60BFA24" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[608,829,1397,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFDAAB444D60BFA24" box="[608,829,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313EFF8EFCB6B444D143FA24" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[892,1141,1397,1419]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFCB6B444D143FA24" box="[892,1141,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFB48B444D029FA25" bold="true" box="[1154,1311,1397,1419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313EFF8EFB48B444D1EFFA24" box="[1154,1241,1398,1419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–D.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313EFF8EFAE6B444D5C1FA05" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFAE6B444D5C1FA05" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFECEB4A6D42BFA06" bold="true" box="[260,285,1428,1449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A.</emphasis>
|
||
ten second call segment;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFDE9B4A6D70CFA06" bold="true" box="[547,570,1428,1449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">B.</emphasis>
|
||
one second call segment;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFC8CB4A6D669FA05" bold="true" box="[838,863,1428,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">C.</emphasis>
|
||
0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFF5DB481D599FA67" bold="true" box="[151,175,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">D.</emphasis>
|
||
spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFD5BB481D7FFFA67" bold="true" box="[657,713,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">E–H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313EFF8EFD1BB481D6F0FA67" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[721,966,1458,1480]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFD1BB481D6F0FA67" box="[721,966,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313EFF8EFC05B481D114FA67" box="[975,1058,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFC05B481D114FA67" bold="true" box="[975,1058,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFBF8B481D17CFA67" bold="true" box="[1074,1098,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">E.</emphasis>
|
||
ten second call segment;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFA91B481D05AFA67" bold="true" box="[1371,1388,1459,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">F.</emphasis>
|
||
one second call segment;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFEA5B4E3D4B2FA48" bold="true" box="[367,388,1489,1511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">G.</emphasis>
|
||
0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFC0EB4E3D6E9FA49" bold="true" box="[964,991,1489,1510]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">H.</emphasis>
|
||
spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313EFF8EFF0DB73CD4C9F820" blockId="20.[151,1437,1550,2007]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFF0DB73CD490F988" bold="true" box="[199,422,1550,1575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808803313EFF8EFE88B73CD494F988" box="[322,418,1550,1575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFE64B73DD757F989" box="[430,609,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">In preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum light brown with dark brown blotches, upper and lower lip with alternate brown and cream coloured cross bands; forelimbs and hind limbs light brown with darker brown transverse bands, posterior part of thigh light brown with faint dark brown reticulations. Ventral surface of throat light greyish-white, with two lateral black calling patches on either side; belly off-white; margins of the limbs with brownish-grey mottling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313EFF8EFE7AB7ACD4C8F918" box="[432,510,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1437,180,1899]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Fejervarya rufescens, in life and preservation. A. Referred specimen (SDBDU 2015.3070), in life; B – G. Neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male): B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829847/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B–G).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFD81B7ADD7B8F918" box="[587,654,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">In life</emphasis>
|
||
(SDBDU 2015.3070). Snout, upper eyelids, and dorsum light orange or brick red, prominent red to reddish-brown blotches on mid dorsum; upper and lower lip with faint alternate grey and white cross bands; tympanum light yellow; flanks light yellowish-grey with dark grey mottling; forelimbs brick red with a yellowish tinge, hindlimbs brick red with faint and interrupted grey transverse bands, groin yellowish-grey, anterior part of thigh light yellowish-grey with grey reticulations, webbing light grey. Ventral surface of throat light flesh red with two lateral black calling patches on either side; belly white; forearm and foreleg light flesh red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313EFF8EFE52B644D4EDF820" box="[408,475,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1437,180,1899]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Fejervarya rufescens, in life and preservation. A. Referred specimen (SDBDU 2015.3070), in life; B – G. Neotype (MNHNP 1984.2348, an adult male): B. dorsal view, in preservation; C. ventral view, in preservation; D. lateral view of head, in preservation; E. ventral view of hand, in preservation; F. ventral view of foot, in preservation; G. schematic illustration of foot webbing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829847/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313EFF8FFF0DB6A8D741FEB2" blockId="20.[151,1437,1550,2007]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,863]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFF0DB6A8D47CF81C" bold="true" box="[199,330,1946,1971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data from six adult males, including the neotype, is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B9031A313EFF8EFB54B6A8D1C2F81D" box="[1182,1268,1946,1971]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="18.[119,204,562,584]" captionText="TABLE 7. Morphometric measurements for five species in the Fejervarya rufescens group. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). The status of each specimen is given the museum number: Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Referred specimen (RS)." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313EFF8EFB34B6A8D0A3F81C" box="[1278,1429,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal colour varies from light orange to dark reddish brown with scattered dark reddish-brown to greenish-brown blotches.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFECDB1A5D726FF1F" box="[263,528,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Colour in preservation</emphasis>
|
||
. SDBDU 2015.3070 and SDBDU 2015.3073: dorsum light brown with dark brown blotches; SDBDU 2015.3071 and SDBDU 2015.3074: dorsum uniformly light grey with scattered darker grey markings; SDBDU 2015.3072: dorsum with more prominent blackish brown blotches, and anterior part of head, including upper eyelids, dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313FFF8FFF0DB015D177FEEF" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,863]" box="[199,1089,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFF0DB015D723FEEF" bold="true" box="[199,533,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Secondary sexual character.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFDD6B015D760FEEF" box="[540,598,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: calling patches on either side of the throat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313FFF8FFF0DB07ED6C5FD90" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFF0DB07ED457FECA" bold="true" box="[199,353,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
A male (SDBDU 2015.3070, from Manipal) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313FFF8FFC4CB07FD143FECB" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[902,1141,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFC4CB07FD143FECB" box="[902,1141,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produced a single
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808803313FFF8FFA86B07FD04AFECA" box="[1356,1404,333,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of call with pulsatile temporal structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313FFF8FFDF4B05DD7BCFE27" box="[574,650,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Calls were not delivered in groups and had uniform intervals. A typical advertisement call (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313FFF8FFE00B0A6D73BFE03" box="[458,525,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B) had a duration of 233.7 ms with 52 pulses delivered at a rate of 227.1 pulses per second. Call had a rise time of 221.9 ms and a short fall time of 11.2 ms. The spectrum was characterized by two broad peaks with a dominant frequency of 2.9 KHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313FFF8FFCFCB0EED64DFE5B" box="[822,891,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1397,1419]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,195,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1376]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Fejervarya rufescens and Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov. A – D. Fejervarya rufescens: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 B. E – H. Fejervarya manoharani sp. nov.: E. ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8 F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829849/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The animal was recorded on
|
||
<date id="FF851061313FFF8FFB34B0EED0AEFE5A" box="[1278,1432,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="2015-07-13">13 July 2015</date>
|
||
, around 20:00 hours. Air temperature at the time of recording: dry bulb 27◦C, wet bulb 26.5◦C. For comparison with the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313FFF8FFEC4B31AD72CFD90" authority="Garg & Biju, 2017" authorityName="Garg & Biju" authorityYear="2017" box="[270,538,550,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manoharani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFEC4B31AD72CFD90" box="[270,538,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fejervarya manoharani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57C8313FFF8FFDEBB31AD74EFD90" box="[545,632,552,575]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
see ‘vocalization’ of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321652A313FFF8FFF0DB378D76BFCF0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436A1313FFF8FFF0DB378D76BFCF0" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFF0DB378D766FDCC" bold="true" box="[199,592,586,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
According to the present study, the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313FFF8FFB59B37ED0B7FDCC" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[1171,1409,587,611]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFB59B37ED0B7FDCC" box="[1171,1409,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fejervarya rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFEE2B35CD4ADFD28" box="[296,411,622,647]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
and adjoining regions in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFD0FB35CD624FD28" box="[709,786,622,647]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, north of Palghat gap in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFBABB342D18AFD28" box="[1121,1212,624,647]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A24313FFF8FFAD3B35CD056FD28" box="[1305,1376,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of five species in Fejervarya rufescens group of the Western Ghats, Peninsular India. The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot region is shown in orange colour. Locality details are referenced in Table 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829839/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). We genetically confirmed the presence of this species at Manipal and Mookambika WLS (Udupi district), and Guddekere, Agumbe reserve forest (Shimoga district) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFC98B384D6FFFD60" box="[850,969,694,719]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and Peruvannamuzhi and Pozhuthana (Wayanad district) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFE44B3E8D4EAFD5C" box="[398,476,730,755]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This species is usually associated with open rocky areas (often laterite), and during the early monsoon period (June–July) large aggregations can be observed around temporary water bodies, at night. Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D22313FFF8FFED1B216D496FC94" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[283,416,803,827]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAB3313FFF8FFED1B216D496FC94" box="[283,416,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">F. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported to occur widely throughout the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFC56B211D6C1FC95" box="[924,1015,803,826]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats, but records outside
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFAE3B210D0AAFC94" box="[1321,1436,802,827]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF843313FFF8FFEE6B274D441FCF0" box="[300,375,838,863]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
require verification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |