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<mods:title id="180E3A9952E8E1EEA47C646727A9430B">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6093BB11EF65986B5D5EE2446BFDA5FD">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF758DBFDA0229F" box="[151,601,726,753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF758DBFDA0229F" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" box="[151,601,726,753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0CC81DB955EFFB9CFF758DBFDA0229F" bold="true" box="[151,601,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CFF758DBFDA0229F" ID-CoL="6N3C8" ID-ENA="376653" authority="(Miyosi, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Miyosi" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[151,601,726,753]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hypogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyugaensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF758DBFDA0229F" bold="true" box="[151,601,726,753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF758DBFE51229E" bold="true" box="[151,424,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hypogaleus hyugaensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CED758DBFDA9229F" author="Miyosi" box="[439,592,726,752]" firstAuthor="Miyosi" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref109751" refString="Miyosi, Y. (1939) Description of three new species of elasmobranchiate fishes collected at Hyuga Nada, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 9, 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="1939">Miyosi, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF758F7FEDC237B" box="[151,293,762,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF758F7FEDC237B" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" box="[151,293,762,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pencil Shark</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF75913FC912383" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF75913FD682332" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6955EFFB9CFF75913FDAB2357" author="Miyosi, Y." box="[151,594,798,824]" page="91" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1939">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CFF75913FDAB2357" ID-CoL="3C3KM" authority="Miyosi, 1939: 91" authorityName="Miyosi" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,594,798,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Eugaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyugaensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF75913FE7D2357" box="[151,388,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Eugaleus hyugaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CEED5913FDAB2357" author="Miyosi" box="[397,594,798,824]" firstAuthor="Miyosi" page="91" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref109751" refString="Miyosi, Y. (1939) Description of three new species of elasmobranchiate fishes collected at Hyuga Nada, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 9, 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="1939">Miyosi, 1939: 91</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 1.
<typeStatus id="54808815955EFFB9CDCC5913FCED2357" box="[684,788,798,824]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(unique): MGHSJ (lost). Type locality: off
<location id="8EE4606C955EFFB9CA675912FA612357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A1955EFFB9CFF758DBFDE92562:8EE4606C955EFFB9CA675912FA612357" box="[1287,1432,798,825]" country="Japan" name="Hyuga Nada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Miyazaki">Hyuga Nada</location>
, east coast of
<collectingRegion id="49FFF855955EFFB9CE37594FFDC72333" box="[343,574,834,860]" country="Japan" name="Miyazaki" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Miyazaki Prefecture</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627955EFFB9CD29594EFD752332" box="[585,652,835,861]" name="Japan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
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<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF7596BFC912383" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF7596BFEAE23EF" bold="true" box="[151,343,870,896]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Local synonymy</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CE03596BFC7823EF" ID-CoL="3F43J" authority=": D'Aubrey, 1964 a: 22" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1964" box="[355,897,870,897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Galeorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zanzibarensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CE03596BFD7323EF" box="[355,650,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Galeorhinus zanzibarensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CDF6596BFC7823EF" author="D'Aubrey" box="[662,897,870,897]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="22" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">DAubrey, 1964a: 22</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 8.
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CCA3596BFF1C23CB" ID-CoL="6N3C8" authority=": Bass et al., 1975 b: 22" authorityName="Bass" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1975" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hypogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyugaensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CCA3596BFB3023EF" box="[963,1225,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hypogaleus hyugaensis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CBB5596AFF1C23CB" author="Bass" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="22" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref92970" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. &amp; Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">
Bass
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CA6E596AFAC423EF" box="[1294,1341,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
.,1975b: 22
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 15;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CE2A5987FDAF23CB" author="Compagno" box="[330,598,906,932]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="394" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 394</bibRefCitation>
, fig.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CDF85986FC7823CB" author="Bass, A. J. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[664,897,906,933]" editor="Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
Bass
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CDB45986FCFF23CB" box="[724,774,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
., 1986: 79
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9.22;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CC9C5987FB0023CA" author="Compagno" box="[1020,1273,906,933]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="15" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 15</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CA655987FEAC23A6" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CAE85986FF2523A7" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
., 1989: 56
</bibRefCitation>
, pl.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CEEC59A3FD7123A7" author="Compagno" box="[396,648,942,968]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="119" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 119</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CDF359A3FC3723A6" author="Compagno" box="[659,974,942,969]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="265" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A6955EFFB9CDF359A3FC6E23A6" box="[659,919,942,969]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CC7559A2FCBF23A7" box="[789,838,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</treatmentCitation>
: 265
</bibRefCitation>
, fig., pl. 44;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CB3B59A3FAD923A7" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1115,1312,942,969]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Ebert
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CBFF59A2FB2923A7" box="[1183,1232,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
a: 412, fig., pl. 54;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CE7459DFFDA72382" author="Ebert &amp; van Hees" box="[276,606,978,1005]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="145" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the &quot; Lost Sharks &quot; of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert &amp; van Hees, 2015: 145</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CD0959DFFC9D2383" author="Weigmann, S." box="[617,868,978,1004]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 882</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF759FBFCE6245B" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF759FBFDFB247F" bold="true" box="[151,514,1014,1040]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627955EFFB9CFF759FBFED6247F" box="[151,303,1014,1040]" name="South Africa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South Africa</collectingCountry>
voucher material
</emphasis>
:
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6163,
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6215 [ex
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2692],
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6217 [ex
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72955EFFB9CA2859FBFA65247F" box="[1352,1436,1014,1040]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
10113,
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72955EFFB9CE795E17FE94245B" box="[281,365,1050,1076]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
99086,
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72955EFFB9CEA85E17FDE5245B" box="[456,540,1050,1076]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
99087,
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE72955EFFB9CD175E17FD32245B" box="[631,715,1050,1076]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
99088.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF75E33FD252436" box="[151,732,1086,1113]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF75E33FD252436" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" box="[151,732,1086,1113]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF75E33FE2A2437" bold="true" box="[151,467,1086,1112]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">South African distribution</emphasis>
: The entire KZN coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF75E6FFDE92562" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF75E6FFDC72487" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF75E6FFDC72487" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF75E6FFEFD2413" bold="true" box="[151,260,1122,1148]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CE725E6FFE4D2412" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[274,436,1122,1149]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="585 - 592" refId="ref115166" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1957 b) A new shark from Zanzibar, with notes on Galeorhinus Blainville. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10 (116), 585 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935708656002" type="journal article" year="1957">Smith (1957b)</bibRefCitation>
described the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CDFD5E6FFCDA2413" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1957" box="[669,803,1122,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hypogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CDFD5E6FFCDA2413" box="[669,803,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Hypogaleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his description of
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CB6C5E6EFB3C2413" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityYear="1964" box="[1036,1221,1122,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Galeorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zanzibarensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CB6C5E6EFB3C2413" box="[1036,1221,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. zanzibarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32C7627955EFFB9CA695E6FFA972413" box="[1289,1390,1122,1148]" name="Tanzania" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CFA65E8AFE6424CE" author="Bass" box="[198,413,1158,1185]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref92970" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. &amp; Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">
Bass
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CE635E8AFECC24CF" box="[259,309,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. (1975b)
</bibRefCitation>
found no differences between it and the western North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CB0C5E8AFAF524CF" box="[1132,1292,1158,1184]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hypogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyugaensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CB0C5E8AFAF524CF" box="[1132,1292,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. hyugaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CE465EA7FE0324AB" author="Compagno" box="[294,506,1194,1220]" firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B46955EFFB9CD645EA7FDB224AB" author="Compagno" box="[516,587,1194,1220]" firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">1988a</bibRefCitation>
) concurred with those findings and consider the genus to be monotypic with
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D34955EFFB9CFA65EC2FE9D2487" box="[198,356,1230,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Hypogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyugaensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFA65EC2FE9D2487" box="[198,356,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. hyugaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taking precedence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C955EFFB9CFF75EFFFDE92562" box="[151,528,1266,1293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8436B7955EFFB9CFF75EFFFDE92562" blockId="55.[151,1437,726,1293]" box="[151,528,1266,1293]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA5955EFFB9CFF75EFFFE7D2563" bold="true" box="[151,388,1266,1292]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Conservation status</emphasis>
: LC (2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>