283 lines
34 KiB
XML
283 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="634E094302CE76B1B7AB1317D173A7AB">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70B2850DD174CF8406A9A09E72DD6BA0">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54C4C11409292BB1BE7D10DA3F8E846E">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="989F2C51B19FFB316F054DD616F4A762">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F56D72F5646A3C4CBF35F153835A4256" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="64D91B3ADD025095EE1AA8B912244336">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039287A19552FFB2CFF75CCBFDEB22EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19552FFB2CFF75CCBFDEB22EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19552FFB2CFF75CCBFDEB22EA" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB5CFF75CCBFEAA276B" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75CCBFD53268F" blockId="59.[151,1437,1734,2013]" box="[151,682,1734,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9552FFB5CFF75CCBFD53268F" bold="true" box="[151,682,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CFF75CCBFD53268F" ID-CoL="R3ML" ID-ENA="263684" authority="(Bleeker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,682,1734,1761]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75CCBFD53268F" bold="true" box="[151,682,1734,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75CCBFE08268E" bold="true" box="[151,497,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CD625CCBFD5B268F" author="Bleeker" box="[514,674,1734,1760]" firstAuthor="Bleeker" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="467 - 468" refId="ref93957" refString="Bleeker, P. (1856) Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos, eene nieuwe haaisoort, gevangen nabij het eiland Solombo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 10, 467 - 468." type="journal article" year="1856">Bleeker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75CE7FEAA276B" blockId="59.[151,1437,1734,2013]" box="[151,339,1770,1796]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Grey Reef Shark</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB2CFF75D03FC8920BA" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75D03FD662723" blockId="59.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69552FFB5CFF75D03FCCA2747" author="Bleeker, P." box="[151,819,1806,1833]" page="467" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1856">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CFF75D03FCCA2747" ID-CoL="R3RF" authority="Bleeker, 1856: 467" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,819,1806,1833]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos" subGenus="Prionodon">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75D03FEEF2747" box="[151,278,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharias</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CE455D03FE642747" box="[293,413,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Prionodon</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CECC5D03FDAE2747" box="[428,599,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CD3D5D03FCCA2747" author="Bleeker" box="[605,819,1806,1833]" firstAuthor="Bleeker" page="467" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="467 - 468" refId="ref93957" refString="Bleeker, P. (1856) Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos, eene nieuwe haaisoort, gevangen nabij het eiland Solombo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 10, 467 - 468." type="journal article" year="1856">Bleeker, 1856: 467</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="548088159552FFB5CC5D5D03FC532747" box="[829,938,1806,1832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB9D9ECC9552FFB5CCD35D02FBBC2747" box="[947,1093,1806,1833]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">RMNH 7377</specimenCode>
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(head and skin). Type locality: near
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<location id="8EE4606C9552FFB5CF9D5D3FFE492723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19552FFB2CFF75CCBFDEB22EA:8EE4606C9552FFB5CF9D5D3FFE492723" box="[253,432,1842,1868]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Sea" name="Solombo Island" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Solombo Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559552FFB5CEDC5D3EFE172722" box="[444,494,1843,1869]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Java</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACCD9552FFB5CE945D3FFDE62723" box="[500,543,1842,1868]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279552FFB5CD4B5D3FFD652723" box="[555,668,1842,1868]" name="Indonesia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB2CFF75D5BFC8920BA" blockId="59.[151,1437,1734,2013]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1437,150,645]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75D5BFEAE271F" bold="true" box="[151,343,1878,1904]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CE045D5BFC80271F" ID-CoL="R3W6" authority=": D'Aubrey, 1964 a: 29" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="1964" box="[356,889,1878,1905]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spallanzani">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CE045D5BFD7A271F" box="[356,643,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharhinus spallanzani</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CDEF5D5BFC80271F" author="D'Aubrey" box="[655,889,1878,1905]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey, 1964a: 29</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 13;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CCAB5D5AFB5E271E" author="Bass" box="[971,1191,1878,1905]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="77" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CB655D5AFBC3271F" box="[1029,1082,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1973: 77
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,fig. 31.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CA625D5BFD8227FB" ID-CoL="R3ML" authority=": Bass et al., 1973: 79" authorityName="Bass" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1973" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CA625D5BFE8827FB" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CEE35D76FD8227FB" author="Bass" box="[387,635,1914,1941]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="79" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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Bass
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CEA35D76FDF927FB" box="[451,512,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1973: 79
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 32;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CD8B5D77FC3327FB" author="Garrick" box="[747,970,1914,1940]" firstAuthor="Garrick" page="106" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982: 106</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 48–49;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CB0F5D76FA9E27FB" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1135,1383,1914,1941]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
|
||
Bass
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CBCF5D76FB1D27FB" box="[1199,1252,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1986: 70
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9.3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CF9B5D93FDF227D6" author="Compagno" box="[251,523,1950,1977]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="315" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 315</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CD7B5D93FCE727D7" author="Compagno" box="[539,798,1950,1976]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="119" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CC4D5D93FB8E27D7" author="Compagno" box="[813,1143,1950,1977]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="290" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69552FFB5CC4D5D93FBC227D6" box="[813,1083,1950,1977]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CCD25D92FC1E27D7" box="[946,999,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
: 290
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig., pl. 52;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CA735D93FEFB27B3" author="Ebert, D. A. & Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CA3A5D92FA6F27D7" box="[1370,1430,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: 458, fig., pl. 63;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CEBA5DCFFD0527B3" author="Ebert & Dando" box="[474,764,1986,2012]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="33" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref99385" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert & Dando, 2014: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CC5F5DCFFB7627B3" author="Ebert & van Hees" box="[831,1167,1986,2013]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="146" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CBFB5DCFFA6127B2" author="Weigmann, S." box="[1179,1432,1986,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CFA65A9AFD5120DE" ID-CoL="R3R3" authority=": Garrick, 1982: 111" authorityName=": Garrick" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1982" box="[198,680,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFA65A9AFE3F20DE" box="[198,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Carcharhinus wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CEB55A9AFD5120DE" author="Garrick" box="[469,680,151,177]" firstAuthor="Garrick" page="111" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982: 111</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs. 50–51;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC5F5A9AFBBE20DE" author="Compagno" box="[831,1095,150,177]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="501" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 501</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBE75A9AFA9220DE" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1159,1387,151,177]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CBA25A9AFB0B20DE" box="[1218,1266,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1986: 77
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9.18;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CE665AB6FDF620BA" author="Compagno" box="[262,527,187,213]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="319" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 319</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD7B5AB6FCBE20BA" author="Compagno" box="[539,839,187,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="66" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CDFC5AB6FD2C20BA" box="[668,725,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1989: 66
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9555FFB2CFF75AD3FC362172" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75AD3FC912096" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,645]" box="[151,872,222,249]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75AD3FDFB2097" bold="true" box="[151,514,222,249]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279555FFB2CFF75AD3FED62097" box="[151,303,222,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
voucher material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CD715AD2FD9C2096" box="[529,613,223,249]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
25352,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729555FFB2CDA05AD2FCED2096" box="[704,788,223,249]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
27166.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75B0FFC362172" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,645]" box="[151,975,258,285]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75B0FFE2A2173" bold="true" box="[151,467,258,284]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Sodwana
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559555FFB2CD2F5B0EFD852172" box="[591,636,259,285]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Kosi
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559555FFB2CD8F5B0EFCE42172" box="[751,797,259,285]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern KZN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9555FFB2CFF75B2AFDEB22EA" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75B2AFB62220E" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75B2AFEFD212E" bold="true" box="[151,260,295,321]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: This species has a complicated nomenclatural history.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CC135B2AFBBA212D" author="D'Aubrey" box="[883,1091,295,322]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CB9A5B2AFA65212E" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityYear="1964" box="[1274,1436,295,321]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spallanzani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CB9A5B2AFA65212E" box="[1274,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. spallanzani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and noted its occurrence from Sodwana
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559555FFB2CDE35B46FD49210A" box="[643,688,331,357]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
and northern KZN.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CCEF5B46FBAB210A" author="Bass" box="[911,1106,331,357]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CCAA5B46FC03210A" box="[970,1018,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1973)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CBB25B46FA64210A" box="[1234,1437,331,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CBB25B46FA64210A" box="[1234,1437,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CF985B62FE6421E6" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityYear="1964" box="[248,413,367,393]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spallanzani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CF985B62FE6421E6" box="[248,413,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. spallanzani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate species commenting that the former was rare in East Africa, while the latter occurred in the shallow waters of northern KZN.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CD965B9EFC6721C2" author="Garrick" box="[758,926,403,429]" firstAuthor="Garrick" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed the issue and described it as a new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CE415BBAFE5C21BE" authorityName=": Garrick" authorityYear="1982" box="[289,421,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CE415BBAFE5C21BE" box="[289,421,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CD535BBAFD4E21BE" authorityName=": Garrick" authorityYear="1982" box="[563,695,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CD535BBAFD4E21BE" box="[563,695,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered valid by subsequent authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBAF5BBAFA6E21BE" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[1231,1431,439,465]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CA705BBAFABD21BE" box="[1296,1348,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CFA65BD6FE30219A" author="Compagno" box="[198,457,475,501]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CE285BD6FE80219A" box="[328,377,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but was later synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CC265BD6FABD219A" authority="(Bonfil & Abdallah, 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Bonfil & Abdallah" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[838,1348,475,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CC265BD6FBEB219A" box="[838,1042,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CB405BD6FAC5219A" author="Bonfil & Abdallah" box="[1056,1340,475,501]" firstAuthor="Bonfil" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref94322" refString="Bonfil, R. & Abdallah, M. (2004) Field Identification Guide to the Sharks and Rays of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, 71 pp." type="book" year="2004">Bonfil & Abdallah, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CA2E5BD6FEA52276" author="Naylor" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref110346" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Natural History Museum, 367, 1 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1" type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFA65BF2FF0E2276" box="[198,247,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found molecular support for reviving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CC675BF2FC712276" authorityName=": Garrick" authorityYear="1982" box="[775,904,511,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CC675BF2FC712276" box="[775,904,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469555FFB2CBDE5BF2FAAD2276" author="White, W. T." box="[1214,1364,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref119310" refString="White, W. T. (2012) A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa, 3241 (1), 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3241.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">White (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that its status required further study. The use of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CDBF582EFC522252" baseAuthorityName="Bonfil & Abdallah" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[735,939,547,573]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblyrhynchos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CDBF582EFC522252" box="[735,939,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. amblyrhynchos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is retained here, but with the caveat that the issue is still unresolved and should be investigated to clarify the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349555FFB2CB73584AFB6D220E" authorityName=": Garrick" authorityYear="1982" box="[1043,1172,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CB73584AFB6D220E" box="[1043,1172,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79555FFB2CFF75867FDEB22EA" blockId="60.[151,1437,150,645]" box="[151,530,618,645]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59555FFB2CFF75867FE7D22EA" bold="true" box="[151,388,618,645]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: EN (2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |